Calapooia River FarnellCALAPQOIA RI�'ER
"!�VIGARILITY S11n1Y
Py
James E. Farnell, Ph.n.
°esearch Analyst
Division of State Lands
Salem, nreqon
February 198�
INTRODUCTION
Under the Equal Footinq clause of the 4regon Adr�issions Act, the United
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States Government transferred ownership of the beds of all naviqable water-
ways to the State of Oreqon in 1859. At the time of this report, the full
extent of Oreqon's ownership is unknown. The present develoFm►ent trends
along our waterways make it apparent that the location of the State/private
boundaries is of extreme importance. The 1973 Leq_islature recognized this
and passed ORS 274.029-034. This law directs the Division of State Lands to
make a study of alY Oregon's waterways and to make public their findings.
This renort is th� Division of State Lands' study of the Calapooia P..iver in
Linn County, The river was named after the Calapooia lndians who inhabited
the Willamette Valley at the time of white settlement. This river should not
be confused with Calapooya Creek in Douglas County.
The researcher would like to thank Roy Banta of Holley for his heln in �,.
locating the head of log drives on the Calapooia, Mrs. ��artha Steinbacher of
the East Linn Museum for her patient cooperation, and the personnel of the
followiny institutions:
F.ast Linn Museum �
�rownsville Museum
Oregan Historical Society
Linn �ounty Courthouse
'nregon State Library
Ore,qon State Archives
De�artment of F*ater Resources
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CALAPOOIF. RIVFP B?±SI'_V
ihe Calapooia is 76 miles in lenqth and lies wholly within Linn County
on its southern border. It rises at the 4,000 foot level of Tic9bits �tountain,
a 5,185 foot eminence on the eastern side of the �id �-7illamette Basin (Fiq. 1).
�nly in its six upper r!iles is the Calapooie a r�ountain torrent. In the 35
r:iles through the Cascade foothills it has a moderate qradient of 40 feet ner
mile and in the final 35 miles throue�h the u�illamette �lain it has a low
gradient of 5 feet per r�ile and a slugqish meandering course.
- . Streamflo�r data er.ists for Holley at Piver "'ile 45.4 (Fi�. 5a) cahere the
average discharqe for 43 vears has been 444 cubic feet per second with a maxi-
r�um disc}iarr,e of 12,6�0 cubic feet per seconc� a low of 13 cu'r_ic feet. P half
trile above the river's r+outh in Alhany a 38 vc:ar recor� has shovm an averaqe
�?isc:�arc?e of Q11 cs`�ic feet ne= second, just al�out ekactl•✓ te,-ic� that of �-Iolley.
The maximum discharqe at rlbany ha.^, been 32,70� cubic feet and the lo�•r 315 cubic
PP.P_t
`.'he flo�•� of t:�c Calanooia has lor.q heen rranirulate�� for the �zse of man.
In ttie 1E36(" s a dam �>>as hu.ilt 2 1/2 milc � al�ove F3roomsville in order to ciivert
•:�ater to a ditch �•�hicli would power several mills in that to�wn.`� Further down-
stream the Thomson Ditc!� �?iverts �:�ater to a mill, and the very long 5odorr Pitch
removcs virtually the entir� �lo��� fror+ thc river `or � 1/2 ^�iles. Ir.terstate
I:iryh�aa� S crosses ti:e Cala�ooi� in tne section ciiverted }�y t'�e �odom Ditch, so
tliat at the presen*_ time the river wllere it is r+ost frequently seen is a sorry
trickle of muddy a�ater in a w�llow�choked hed while a r�ile to the north an
unidcntified �•�atercourse, �odom !.itch, contains the waters ef the river. T.n
�3C�<�1r1J11 '.:c �1A5 l)f�t�P lCic1F.:� `O the !'al clp0011 dC 1}".S P'011t': � f tc7iil:IR !•'dt(T'S
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_ from t'�c �'��uth �anti�ro ? i.��er �nc3 causin� ther� t� flow to r•l'-�m� in t;1r r:���,�non
._ and �'antiar� �',nal. in 1+�3^� ;•:ater.s fror� thc canal ran 17 ?^i?ls :•�ithi.n Flbanv
(Fig. 2a).
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The bed of the Calapooia throughout most of its length is mud or gravel.
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It has lvw but well defined hanks.� Rock reef.s like those below Crawforc3svii_.:
(Fiq. 2b, 3) are rare even in the. upper reaches of the stream. In the mountain
portion of the river there are, however, frequent boulders and bed load islands
in the streambed. � -
The horn shaped watershed of the Calapooia drains over 372 sauare miles.
Aqriculture dominates the lower basin of the river, where it flows throuah the
F�illamette floodpl�in, and into the £oothills as hiah as Holley. In the moun-
tains above Holley there is some stockraisi.ng, but loovi.nq is the orimary
f
� .��� economic pursuit. � �
NAVIGATION
There is no record of steamboat use of the Calapooia which in the early
days of settlement was as often referred to in Albany as a creek as a river.
?� Ferries were necessary at the mouth when the bridc�e occ.assionally washed out,�
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� and a permanent ferry was establisheci at Brawnsville in 1847 operated �y
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� P.lexander Kirk. It was ten years later that subscription was taken to
replace it with a bridge. If the bridqe floocled out, hawever, a ferry had
to be used while the structure was rebui1t.
Lf� DRIVES
The Calapooia early became the hiqhway by which locis caere hrou_qht to the
sinqle sawmill of Albany and to various other sawmills established upstream.
It'c�ntinued to serve this use until at least the year 1911.
The first sawmill along the Calanooia was h�iilt by F7illiam T. Templeton
at Crawfordsville in the spring of 1850. The ,TOSeph R.obinett sa�•�*ill at
i;olley was in operation during 1861 and was prohably built as early as 1s�51.
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Thomas J. Crawford built the first sawmill at Albany in 1853. In 1862
A. C. King and David and J. P1. �4cDawell receiv�ed land from R. C. Finley on �
which they built a sawr,iill at Cra�afordsville. Some logs were probably
floated down the Calapooia to all of these mills, but at what date the practice
began and any details about the earliest drives are not knrnan.
The first information about drives on the Calapooia is found with
relationship to the Calapooia Eoom Company which was incorporate�i by A. H.
Allen with others in September 1876 and run by Allen and P.obinson after
; 1877. The boan company received a franchise from the �regon State Leqislature
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in 1876 to:
• construct, maintain anci'keep a boom or booms u the Calapooia
creek, running through the county of I.inn...between the mouth
af said creek, where the same flows into the Willamette river,
and the east line of section 1 in township 14, south range 2
west, t•:illamette meridian [RM 40.6, Fiq. 4aJ for the period of
ten years....in which boom or booms all loqs or timber cc�minq,
running or being driven �awn said Calapooia creek...shall be
held secure, and sorted, and be delivered by said company to �
the owners.
The object and purpose of the Act to secu're, through the said
company and their assiqns, the r.estoration, or the openina, of
the channel of said cree}:, and the maintenance of the same
hereafter, �ree f.rom obstruction, so that timY�er, loqs, lumher
and other floatables can be run from the mountains to the
valley below.
Z�ao years later the Plbany Directory describe� the operation of. the sawmill
_ an�3 boom comnany. rllen, P.�binson an�' Company or+erate�? the only sawmill in
Flbany at the foot of pailroad Street. The waterpowered mill turned out
15,000 feet oE luriber in a ten �our day. It had a lath and �laninq r+ill
associared with it that manufacturec9 dresse� lumher, floorino, r.ustic si�?inq,
and other f.inished lur.L�er �roducts:
This mill com�any qive� �rr.nloyment to about 30 han�is ne�r.ly t11A
year aro»n�?, about ZS ��einq at work in the mills, and the remainder
in the woods an�? on thc r.iver....A qreat amount of work was done in
booming the hanks of thi:� river, and in tearina out drifts durinq
the past year, and in last Fehruary the mill company received by it �
one run of auout 3,Q0(1,000 feet of the hanclsomest saw logs ever
brought into the Will.amette Valley.l�
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The short-lived Brownsville Advertiser described a drive in February of
( 1878 which was probably destined for this mill:
In consequence of so much rain, the roarinq Calipooia is up
again and we may look for a plentiful supply of logs from
above, making the faces of the hardy logger beam with joy.
A year later they related that, "awinq to the heavy rains the creek is very
high and last week the logs went down by the thousands."
The Albany State Rights Democrat takes up the account of the company's
drives on the Calapooia froin the autumn of 1878:
• Allen, Robinson & Co. have over 4,040,000 feet of logs in the
Calapooia and they still keep a force of twenty-one h�ands at
work putting in more. The last raise in the river brought
- quite a number of la?s down as far as Brawnsvi-lle.
November 8, 1�378
Allen, P.obinson & r_�, are naw ready to celebrate Thanksaiving-
t?�at is the�� will be if this rain continues. They have 5,�00,000
feet of logs in the ^alapooia ahove Rraansville and it takes
water to bring them to 111bany.
December 6, 1878
{ LOC;S �1RRIVF:D. The hig drive of saw belonginq to Allen,
Robinson c� Co. commenced arriving last Satuiday and the tail
end of it qot in on `�tonday. Lumbermen give it as their
opinion that there is a little over 3,00O,O�Q feet in the
drive, enough to keep the sawmill running about one year.
The sawmill will start up as soon as the river falls sufficient
to allow it, and in a�very short time will run niqht and day.
March 7, 1P7�
- ANOTHER DRIVE' OF LOGS. 1�llen, Robinson & Co. have sent a qang
up the Calapooia to bring d aan another drive of loc�s fran above
Brawnsville. They will bring dawn about 1,000,000 feet, and
want to get to Albany on the rife of the creek.
March 14, 1879
TFIE SAW ']ILL RUPINING. The first drive of loqs from the
mountains arrived in this city a month or so aqo, and
contained ahout 3,000,000 feet and the second drive,
containing ak�out 1,5�0,000 got in last Gaturday. It
will be impossible for this mill to work up so many
loqs in the snace of. onP year, and the proprietors will
probably have to sell some to the mills dah�n the river.
April 11, 1879
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A MAMMOTH DRIVE OF LOGS. During the past year a large force
of inen have been at work in the mountains aY�ove Brownsville
on the head waters of the Calapooia, qettinq out saw logs {r .
for Allen, Robinson & Co. of this city, and have put into
the creek about seven million feet. The last rain raised
the Calapooia so that the entire drive was started, and
the men were so fortunate as to qet it all out of the
mountains before the water fell. On Thursday of last week
they were running so fast and thick at Crawfordsvflle
that men could cross the river on them, and we are informed
that on last ttonday the entire drive had passed there.
The next rise in the river will probably brinq the drive
to Albany. Ahout 2,000,000 feet of the logs have already
been sold to the Buena Vista and Independence mills.
December 12, 1879
At year's end 1880, the nemocrat surveyed the husinesses in Albany and
commentec', that Allen, F.ohinson & Co.. hac� "done a qreat deal of work in
connection [with their hoom franchisej, so that they now float logs from the
foot of the Cascade �lountains in the hiqh water season, without difficulty."
Thirty or more men were emnloyed in the lumbering season besides the fifteen
men in the mill where they cut from 2-2 1/2 million feet of lum}�er per year.
They pricipally handled fir but also got sane ash, oak, maple and cedar ��.
along the river which they floated to the mi11.
But the beginning of the new year brought trouble:
THE FLOOD. RoLiinson the sawmill man, was jerkec? off the boom
by Carter's planer as he was fastening up some logs, an�l was
washed quite a distance down the r.iver, but got out all riqht.
Allen, Robinson & Co. are 3mong the heaviest losers as
50,000-bn,000 feet of lur.�ber in their yard was carried away
or wetted. The small b.00r+ at the mill of 2�-25 locxs was
cleared out completely and the larqe boom in Calapooia
creek was scatt�rec�. Many logs will be hiah and dry and
expensive to retrieve. They also anticinate that their
clearing w.ork a�ill be dair.aged with drifts, etc.
The flood r�ay have injure� the comoany's busin�ss, because little more was
reported about their loqging operations durinc7 th? next ff•w. years, and in
February 1F81, Allr-.n and �tartin retired from the firm leavinq F. F.. Robinson
i:l contro1. P.r_ same ��oint he was then joinP�� �+y t•7est ir. the business.
In tdovemY:er 188?_, it was re�orte�l that want of lovs had prevented the �,
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Robinson sawmill from running for some time. It was again reported in
i February 1883 that there had been trouble in getting locxs from the hills ,
down to Alhany.
During this same year, however, E. D. Moyer built a sawmill at F�rawnsville
(Fig. 4b) and expected to get loqs dawn the Calapooia; indeed while workinq
with son!e saw loc�s in the Calapooia during the last week in November, Moyer
fell in to the river and ha� to be rescued. it also seems that there
were five sawmills at Crawfordsville operating at this date. The cor.iinc�
logqing season proved to be one of the best on the river and was follawed by
two that were equally qocxi.
�ROt�?:15vILLE. During the late high water the loqgers and saw
mill men �aere enabled to run a nice lot of logs dawn the
ra_qinq Cala�ooia. Fehruary 29, 1884
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FF.C�M THE DRIVIN� CAMPS. Robinson and G•:est's driving crew are
located at present on tne �ld campqround at the (aashhurn olace.
Moyer Bro.'s crew are located about a half mile farther up, and
both crews are endeavorinq to enjoy themselves while waitinq
for the Calapooia...
Mr. Frarik Cole, one of. Albany's talented sons, is superintending
the construction of pobinson and 4�est's new c�'angan boat at this
place. Frank says she will be a daisy.
. Brownsville, Maxch 3, 1884
�4r. "Ted" Curran has 4,0�0,(��� f�et of saw logs in the
Calapooia near .T, rI. Rice's (Frush !'reek] waitinq for high
waters in the creek. "Ted" says hA has a qoai crew.
P.obinson & 63est have 2,S�O,b00 feet of loqs in the �alapooia
tetween J�rownsville and this city and they will be here hy
week's end. '*hey have heen greatly favore:l by the quantity
of water this year and in 1885 Albany Saw r�!ill will run full
blast. ,Tanuary 1Fi, 1885
BY.OS,1;aS��ILLF.. The heavy rair.s of the latter part of last week
raisec� t3�e river and thus made a aood opPortunity for thF
different lac�c�inq cor^�anies to run in the.ir loas .
idove�^.ber 13, 1885
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BROWNSVILLE. Warm rains which follaaed the snow storm caused
� the river to rise, and afforded a fine opportunity for the
loqgers to get in their logs.
The logs of Robinson and West have been hrought down the
Calapooia as far as IIrawnsville. January 29, 1885
The recurring notices of loq drives on the Calapooia in the Albany
Democrat again dropped off after this entry. Perhaps the reminiscence of
a Holley resi8ent twenty years la,ter provides an exnlanation. The writer
was tryinq to discouraqe a nroposed plan to run locrs daan the Calapooia to
Albany.
For such thinqs the Cala�ooia has never been a success. I have
lived near this stream for 44 years and have had considerable
experience in the loqqing husiness. There havs been sawmills
on the Calapooia for 45 or 50 years and only two men who owne�
the mills made money out of them, and they did not make much
of a success in running lcqs down the stream. OnP of these
men was Joseph RoY:inett and the othPr was Sawyer Srothers.
About 25 years aqo P.lair & Berriaan beqan logging on the
j Calapooia and Rlair was drowned before he got out of the
�. mountains. The ?obersons then went in with Berriqan and went
bYOke. Althouse went into the company'and also went hroke
and lost his lif.e besides. All the old settlers that live
on the Calapooia know th�t runninq logs on that stream has
never proved a success. �
The correspondent eoncluded that it would take 510�,0�0 to improve the river
sufficiently to alic�w logs to run to Albany.
Several circuit court cases from T.inn County pruvide further information
about the difficulties of these several operators. The season of 18A6-e'7
' must have been a bad one hecause the properties of Ed P.obinson, Levi West and
"t(acY.) Berrigan, all cited in the above paragraph, were attached in Auc?ust.
1887. Some of the lands were at River Mile 50.5 and 54 on the Calapooia
(Fig. 5b) which were Probably scenes of. their locrging activity at the time ?�
�:fiatever t11e outcome of that season and the next, the winter of 1A88-A�� was
a disaster for tne river operators. �. t?. Althouse was conductinq the ri�•er
� � drive far ::obinson and �aest when he 4ras mortally stricken in �ecemh�r 188�3,
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Itis death and the f.act that durinq that winter th� waters failed to rise
! _ in the ordinary way prevented 3 million feet of sawlogs branded with three
circles from being floated to Albany. Some qot to Brawnsville and others
were boomed a mile from Crawfordsville. Thirteen members of the logginq
crew placed liens on the logs and forced their sale at re�luce� prices before
Robinson and West, Althouse's trustees, could manage to float them to Albany
where they would have realized higher prices than came from the forced sale
upriver. These k�ere thP events which were later recalle�? and apparently
led to a fifteen year cessation of drivinq on the Calapooia.
EvPn while the jaundiced history of log drives on the Calapooia w�s
being in 1?06, hawever, a new chapter in that activity was takinq
place chie�ly spurred by the arrival from�Dallas of R. J. F, and s. T.
Thurston Bros. In the summer of 1903 they built a mill dam and sawmill at
Crawfordsville (Fia. 5). In 1904 they were drivinq loqs. All drivinq
in this latter period, hawever, terminated at Crawfordsville and no logs were
driven on to Alhany.
71t least one memher of the driving crew was e�or.r.ie�a enonc�� zl his
pay during the first season of the Calanooia T,umber Crnnpany's drives to
place a lien on 900,000 feet of sawlogs marked with a Circle T. The logs
had been cut hetween P.iver tdiles 59 and 60 (Fia. 7) and �.oere scattered alona
the river between that location and the mill durinq March 1904. 32 In cteneral,
hawever, the comoany had successful runs of loqs. R. T. F. Thurston testified
that they received hetween 1 1/2 and 3 1/2 million feet of sawloc�s dc�wn the
ziver per year.�
On January 6, 1905 the Brownsville Times reported that the "Calapooia
Lumber Co. have a nice run of logs in their �ond and have started their
loqging camp aqain." 34 n year lateY the company was gettina lc�s down the
river, this time with at least one team of horses. 35 The Crawfordsville
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correspondent of the Times noted on February 23, 1906 that, "quite a
run of logs came down Tuesday. Several men are working on the river." 36 �-•
ny this date the Calapooia Lumher Company had two splash dams to assist
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their drives., but driving coulc only be done on the winter rise. "The river
has risen sufficiently to carry logs and the company will be able to fill
the.demand." 37 In January 190�, the "raginq Calapooia flooded its banks"
and the Timberman related that "the late freshets in the Calapooia River has
assisted them very materially in drivina the loqs. At present time they
have over 4,000,0�0 feet in the river, most of ��hich is at the mill." 3 �
By that date the mill produced 50,000 feet of lumber per day. 1905 was the
Company's banner year with an output of two million board feet,
In January 1908 the Brownsville Times could aqain report that the "recent
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freshet landed an immense lot of nice saw loqs in the pond at the Calapooia
Lumber Company mill above Brownsville." Later that month the company had
"a crew of inen working on the river above �Crawfordsville] gettinq their log�
into the current so that they will caae in on the first raise of water." 4 �
A year later they also got some loas dawn during the freshet. In Fehruary
� the story was, " Calapooia Lumber Company has a crew working on the river
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� (Fig. 8J. If there is another "raise" they expect to get quite a number of
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; logs that have been lodqed near here." Ql A year later high water hrough another
�' nice lot of logs into their pond.
� •
�
� Roy Banta, aqed 92 of Holle�, was on these drives durinq several seasons
after he had reached the aqe of 18. l4r. Banta was a donkey puncher in the
�
camp which was located on the David DeArmond homestead bet�veen River'Miles 58
and 59 on the Calapooia at�out two miles above the presently abandoned village
of nollar (Fiq. 7). The main drives occurred once a year anc? ahout ten to
twelve men accompanied by 2 teams of horses would accanpany the locrs down
(Figs. 8& 9). Mr. Ranta said he rcxie the logs dawn and often swam part of �
�
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the way in the cold winter water. He recalled that the horses, which were
iised to roll logs ��hich had stranded on the bank or on the gravel bars in
the river back into the current, also swam and like Mr. Banta see�ed to
enjoy it. �r. Banta, to_qether with other oldtimers in the area, remember.5
that the company had two splash dams on the river. Mr. B�nta stated that
the �ate ��as composed of 4x4 timhers, one of whic� was tripped with a neavey
allo��ing all the others to be kr.ocked out releasinq the impounded water and
logs. He was not, however, able to �lescribe the location of the dams,
nthers have statec3 the they were near River "'iles 50 and 51 (Fiq. Sb), but
that woul� not have allowed them to flush down the logs which were heinq
cut as far upriver as !�tile 60. In any case the loqs werp z�rincipally run with
the winter freshets.
These were the closing ciays �f the company and drives on the Calapooia.
In April 1'�10 the corpany sold its �*ill and timber holdinc�s to Drew Timber
Company. Ti�eir detert!einati�n to sell was apparently pr�mpted by the
trouble the;► had had with the riparian owners and the county when the river
wat�rs backed up from the r�ill.��am, coverina their lands and the county roads,
ciurina �:�inter floods. Rut the drives �id not cor�e to an end hefore a f.inal
fatalit;�. �'I'he F:rownsville Times contained the f�llok�ing item in its issue of
Ilovember 17, 1�11 (i'i�. 10) :
r.alph ?Iewton drownec? in Calapooia about a mile above Crawfords-
ville Tuesday ��fternoon Fie 4�as enqaged with a number of other
�ren employed by the c'alapooia Lur�ber Company in breaking a log
jam in the pre•railina hi�rh water s� that loc?s rould be floate�
to the coripany's ponA t�elcra Crawfordsville. tic was workinq
with a peavy when he was thrown in above the jam then he
rpappeare�2 helow it, and �r:as then lost to siqht.
2�
S
6
i
' . _. _-. � _ . - - -_` . _ _ _,_��__� �_- _ . � '� �.�,. . - - - � -• -
�cxEATrorr
'"hcre is li.ttlF_ boat fishing on the Calapo�ia, hut som? winter steel-
head fishermen occasionally drift the section from Holley to Brawnsville.
SUMMARY
On the basis of the Leaislative grant of 1878 and subseouent naviqation
in fact by loqs during regularly recurring winter freshets until the year
1911 - including the use of a wanagan during at least one season's drive
from Brawnsville to 111bany = the Calapooia constituted a hic�hway for co�nmerce .
vital to the economy of the area up to at least River Mile 60. Therefore
the State would have a claim to the bed of. the Calapooia River to that point.
0
1�
��
FOOTNOTES
. 1. (Oregon) State Water P.esources Boar�3, Map 2.6 "Willamette Drainage
Basin," 1964; U. S. Geoloqical Survey, Cascadia c�uadrangle Map, 1955. �
2. State t�ater Resources Board, *liddle Willamette River Basin (Salem,
1963), p. 3.
3. U. S. Geological Survey, taater Resources Data for Oregon 1978, ��ater
Data Report OR-78.1 (Portland, 1979), pp. 332, 334.
4. Linn�County Circuit Court Case #8199, Canplaint, Linn County Courthouse,
Albany.
5. Water Resources Map 2.6; Oreqon Fish Commission, P.esearch Division,
Environmental Survey Report Pertaining to Salmon and Steelhead, II
P]illamette River and its Tri.butaries, by F.. A. Willis, M. P. Collins,
and R. E. Sams (Clackamas, 1960), pp. 399-402.
6. Albany State Rights Democrat, 17 tdov 1880.
7. F'ish Commission, Environmental Survey II, p. 399.
8. Ibid.
9. Floyd C. Mullen, The Land of Linn (Lebanon: Dalton's Printin, 1972),
pp. 109-110; Plbany State P.ights Democrat, 4 Feb 1881.
10. Ibid 16 Feb 18A3; Arownsville Times 7 Dec 1906.
11. George O. Godall, "The Upper Calapooia" Oregon Historical Ouarterly �•
4:1 (1903), p. 71; Brownsville Times 8 Jan 1909, p. 1.
12. Ibid pp. 58, 263.
13. 4.*PA Historical Records Survey, Linn County, Folder VI B, "Sawmills",
Deed of �'homas .7. Crawford, Oregon �tate Library, 5alem.
14. Linn County Circuit Court Case #208, 1593.
� 15. Articles of Incorporation, Calapooia Rooan Company, 25 nept 1876, C-11
� Corporations, 78 RC-60 (1) #703, Oreqon State Archives, Salem. For the
� ti. B. Rogers & Co. sawmill, Albany in January 187�, see �•lest Shore 1:9
(Jan 1876), p. 9. �
16. Oregon *,aM>>, 1876, pp. 45-51.
17. nlbany Directory (A.lhany: r•�ansfield and 1'ontieth, 187�3) , pp. 3Q-4n,
18. Brownsville rdvertiser 7 Feb 1$78, 30 Jan 1879.
19. Albany State Ri.qhts Democrat, for dates indicated in test.
20. Ibid., 31 Dec 1880.
\.
21. Ibid 21 Jan, 4 Feb 1881.
( 2�. Ibid., 10 Feb 18Q2. �
23. Ibid., 3 Nov 18�2, 23 Feb 1883.
24. Ibid., 23, 3U ']ov lt?82.
25. Ibid 16 Jan 1884.
26. Ibid., for dates indicated in text.
27. Brawnsville Times 14 Dec 1906.
28. Linn County Circuit Court Case #4710.
29. Ibid #6171, 4975.
30. Ibi d., �s3826, 9006.
31. Ibid #8128; testimony in �upreme Court Case �7302, p. 153, Oregon
State Archives, Salem; Columbia River and Oreaon Timberman 4:6 (April
1903), p. 1'0, 4:11 (Sept 1903), p. 52B; and Mary's River and Rickreall
. Creek Naviqability Studies,.pp. 17, 25.
32. Linn County �techanics Lien Book 4, p. 445, Linn C.ounty c'ourthouse, nlbany.
33. Supreme Court Case #7302, Testimony, p. 155.
34. Brownsville fiir.!es 6 1905.
35. Ibir� ., 26 Jan , 2 Ftar 1906.
36. Ibi�i , 23 Feb 19�6.
37. Ibiil. , 2 Nov 1906.
3c,. Ibid., 11 Jan 1907; Columbia River and �regon Timberman, �:3 (Jan 1907),
' n. 30.
3�?. T}�i�i , 7:3 (,7a� 19�ti) , o. a�D.
nn. Ihi;:. , 3, 31 ,7an 19�4.
41. Ibid 22 Tan, 5 Feb 190Q.
42. Tbid., 11 "ar 1910.
43. Interview caith P�y Ganta, Granc7e Road, F?olley, 8 Jan 19Af1,
44. Tntervie�� with W. R. Pohinett, "�cC�ueen nrive, uolley, 2 Jan 1980.
1
la_..
45. Lane County Circuit Court Case #11,795, Complaint, Lane County Court-
house, Euqene.
46. Interview with Justin and Tom Philpott, Holley, 14 Dec 1979; Linn (!
Caunty Circuit Court Cases A825, 90QG; Linn County v. Calapooia
Timber Company (�1 �R 9A) and Testimony, p. 165.
47. Brownsville A.dvertiser, 17 rlov 1911.
48. Information from .Toe Wetherbee, Denartment of Fish and wildlife,
25 Jan 1980.
��
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