East Central Oregon Rivers FarnellEAST CENTRAL �REGOlV RI VERS
�1AVI GAB I LITY ST�JDY
1dy
Ja�es �. F'arnell, Ph. D.
Research Ana�yst III
DIVISION OF STATE LANDS
Salem, Oregon
Aprii 198i
INTR�D[JCTIOi3
Under the Equal Footing clause of the Oregon Admissions Act, thc Uni�.ed
States Government transferred owrxership of the beds of all. navigable watenvays
to the State of Oregon in 1859. At the time of this report, the full extent
of Oregon's ownership is unknown. The present d�veZopment trends along our
wa�.e naays make it apparent that the location of the State/private boundazies
i� of extreme importance. The 1973 Legislature recagnized this and gassed
oRS 274.029-034. This law directs th� Division of State �.ands to make a
study of all Oregon's waterways and to make public theiz findings.
This repart deals with those rivers flowing through the large�y arid regians
of East Ccntral Oregon. Despite the unpromising Qrospects for river navigation
in this region, short stretches of some of its streams were used far con¢nercial
transportation ��cause of the economic needs of early settlers and entrepreneurs.
This report examines such use an the watercourses of Eastezr� Oxegon with the
except�ons of the Gzande Ronde and KZamath Basins which are each treated in
separate repor�s. Of the many rivers in the region, �he ones to be treat.ed in
this report are: PoFrder, Silvies, Deschutes, Metolius, John Day and Owyhee.
Nbst pf these rivers gained their names during the period of fu�- trapping.
i�any of the trappers were French Canadiane� and rnqst of the streams were nated
by the �urtrader and e�lorer, Peter Skene Ogden. Silvais was a French an�
John Day an American trapper. PowBez' is from the French ar French-derived
Chinopk word �or powdery soi.l through which that ri.ver travels. Deschutes i.s
French for the many falls which characterize that river. Owyhee is from an
early spelling tor Hawaii, the nationality of the trappers who first exploited
that river - indeed it was once called the Sandwich Island river! As French
Canadian fur trappers axe usua�ly associated with pelt laden birch bark canoec,
let it be inxtially stated �.hat wi�h ane exceptian that will be related for
the Deschutes, these serviceable carx'iers were nat used on Eastern Oregon rivers.
Furs taken in their watersheds we re brought ou� by packhorse trains. Lastly
the Metolius is an Indian word referring to the sa3.mon spawning which took place
in that river.
Thanks are due to many instituti.ons in the extensi.ve portions of the
State covered in this repart:
Crook County Courthouse
Deschutes County Courthouse
Saker County Courthouse
Grant Caur�ty Courthouse
Harney County Courthouse
Lake County Courthouse
Jefferson County Courthouse
Malheur County Courthouse
Shez County Courthouse
Wheeler Coun�.y Courtho�se
Oregon 5tate Archives
University ot Oregon Library
Owyhee County Museum, Idaho
Deschutes County Museum
East Oregon Museum, Hai.nes
Harney County Historical Society Museum
Herman & Elizabeth Oliver Hist�orieal
Museum, Canyon City
Prineville Pioneer Historical Museum
5chmink NfemoriaZ Piuseum, Lakeview
Malheur National Forest, Prairxe City
Ochoco Nationa� Forest, Hines
Oregan HistoricaZ Society
Oregon State Libzary
Bureau of Land Management, Prinevil�e
Byron Brin�on, editor o€ the Baker Record Courier and Dean Hoilinshead of
Bend also provided invaluable �elp, as did Mr. A1ice G. Muxphy of Homeda�.e, Idaho.
Cov�r Design: Shevlin Hixon Log Drive on Deschutes, 1939.
: : � � ► ��►i��
RIVER
POWDER
SILVIES
J'Of�T DAY
DESCHCT'I`E5
OWYH�E
MALHEUR
LAKE COt3NTY
PAGE
1
15
21
27
52
55
56
PnWDER RIVER
The Bas
�ow�er niver 9.s a rectanqular hasin �ocate� on the ��stern border of
Central Oreaon and is virtually i�entical ��ith the northern portion of �aker.
2
County, thouqh the hQadwaters also drain thizteen pe.r.cent of Union County.
Tmmediately south of the Grande Ronde basin, its main va�ley around the city
of BakPr i.s strikinq�y simiiar to that of the northern river. around La Grande,
both rIor?inated by the Blue and [•,*allawa m.ountains. The Pawder's main stem fort�s
at Sumnter. After leavinq the Blue r�ountains it descri.bes a Iarq� acute angle,
first from south ta north. The �pex is at the Raker-Uaion c'ounty border near
."�orth nowder; the seeond sicic� runs southeast to the river's mouth on the Snake
River (Fig. 1) . Alonc,r the first sir?e, the ri.ver collects a n�e� o£ streams
draininc east from the Blue Mounfia�.ns; on the seconc� side the tributaries fZow
south froM the ti�?allowa filountains.
Gi�en this aeoqraphical setting, the headwaters of the Powder anc3 its trib-
i�tari�s a].1 have steep profiles which �roderate as they near the main stem.�
T*;zs r�oderatior, o` qra�ii�r�t �s particuaar�Y tru� aio�q �n� sa�it� ta north �orti.an
of the main stem which pas5es through Paker city. Here the Powder is almast f3.at
and the tributaries cross approximatexy 1� mi�es of qentle slopinq farmland
before joining the main river. On its sot�theastern jovrney to the Snake, the
Pawder farms a iong sZoping valley. The trihutaries conseauentiy have a mocierate
qradient near the mai.n stem and the channel af the Powder cats a madest canyon
thrvugh semi-arid bzush and rock in this porta.on of its basin. Only at Rich2and
near the Snake floaipiain is �here aqain a fairly wide margin of farmland near
�.he river. At the present time the lower ten miles a€ the Pawder are submerqec�
in the gool of Braanlee flam on the Snake River.
1
The �rainage area of the Powder above Richland zs 1,310 square mil�s.
ctireamflow data exists b�low "��ason �am (RM 123.2) an the upper powder River
l�efore it enters the aqricultural plain surxaunainq Raker, � re�ion in which
the �ain river and its trihutaries are subject to massive irriaatiion diversions.
��t Mason riam the averaae ��scharqe for �3 y�ars has heen I�3 cubic �eet per
second. The maximum discharqe occurred outside the period of record - which
has been affected �y the aam - and was a�proximat�Iy 1,60� cv�ic feet per
second in tia�ch 1910. Perio�s of no f���= �isa occur at this qaua�nq skatian.
At Pichland near the mouth (RM 20.2} is the only other aauqing station on the
main river. �urinq the �ast 21 years the averag� disch�rge �t that station has
heen 2�7 cuhic feet ner second with a maximum of 3,47� cubic feet per secand and
a�inimum of virtually no flow. mhese readinqs indicate the effects of diversion
�ore than tne natural effects o� ari�ity on thP river's discharge. nf major
importance is the f.act that �tream yiela. is �ark�dly variable from year to y�ar;
and 70� of the runoff of Pow�er �iver near �aker occurs in thp three �onths
P.przl-June, peakin� in May,�
T�e only tributazy with str�amflaw da�a is Eaale �reek. At River. �i�e �.5,
�•�here it is affected hy some u�stream diversion, the averaqe �ischarge far 21
years has been 325 cubic feet ner secand. Rxtre�e hiqh �uring that period was
5,3�0 cubic feet per second and the low was 3n cubic feet per secon�. "'hus one
tributary near the river's mouth carriPS more water than thF river itselfi
The �conomy of the basin k�as first �om.inate� hy minin�. A notable legacy
nf rr�r r�r7nr� �a thp myrc than f�s�sn c�i��rn m�lo� �f �iP._�� r.�i �1. ^ .�S ri�xC� �ia
£igure the raver between 5umnter anc� thp "iasnn nam reservoir. Agriculture,
�eavily d�pendent on the waters of Powder ?iver and its tributaries, then emeraed
as the r.rir^ary econor�ic hase of the renion. rum�;erinq in the foxested mountains
2
of t�e west and north is t�e n?xt �ost im�ortant resource nf the basin.�
t:aviaation
There ras been no record of vessel nava.qation on the Powder F.iver; navigable
us� is whally a auestion o� 1on c�rivina.
S�ch use during th� 188t�'s nn 7�nthonv Creek i.n the northc•:est portion of
th� �asin Zed to twa Oreqon Guprc�me Court cases concerninq th� ].eqality of
drivina that s�ream. �ioth si�its were }�ra�.�Qht �y �^?, F. tlaines who owned ].and
betw�Pn ??iver Milrs Z and 2 di the creek - thQ nresent sit� of the Flkharn Game
Preserve (Fiq. 2) . �he farst c�se u�as ac�ainst James S who drave logs throuqh
the property in June 1RA4; the secnnc� =.•=as aqainst Thomas fi, F-a11, a�TOrth Powder
sawmill �artner, who drove lo�*s thresunh thfl �amp `�D!'�20r1 0� the creek durinc� the
�
sprinr� freshets of 188� an� Z887.
�7ames f the �ef.endant in the �irst case who ha.d hePr, enqaqed in the
saw r�illina husir.pss for 1� ar 15 yesrs, mos�ly runn�na locrs nn 5ma11 mountain
�a
streams, gave a descri�tion of nnthc�n�� Creek and the drive of 188�1:
7 re�arrl 1�nthony creek as a�ine stream one af the .�sst I ever saw
for f�.oatanc� saw loas and other Limhers of crreat value that abound
in unlimited auantirips •,,, tr,e h�a.r�waltprg �f t'�at st_r?am= '^his Creek
is n�vic?able for such hus�ness for about 24 r!iles above and to its
con�luence with tForth P�wder R1VP.'." ^.'he ]aroe hody of valuabie
ti�^.�er an the h�adwaters of the Creek can only he reached and utilized
by floatinsx it dawn the creek to a no.int where it can be taken aut
and worked inta lumber and other materia�..
In the month o` February 5"4arch 1�TB4 T n�t a forc� of inen on Anthony
�rePk and had al.l ldqs hrush anci nther ab�tr.uctions removed £ram the
channel of th� !'reek for the purpo�e af using zt ta float saw �oqs
Dai 1�oac� ti�s and other ti�r�Y,ers from the larae fore5t on its head-
�a�e�s .
T'efore commer�cina this work c�f clearinq out the �reek � went to
P.r. W. F. Haines the Plaintiff and all other nersons own�nG Zands
on the creek and as�ed and obtainer� each of their consent to cleaz
out the channel o� the Creek �nd to use it for f],oata.na saw Iogs �nd
�?ai1. ?oad ti es �nc� other timbers wr�en � calle� an �+r. xaines to
ascertain what hP had to say arput the use of the Creefc for that
purpnse he not only r�ave hi� cnn=Pnt tc� it heinc� cl�arec� out and used
fdr that purpose but pror�ised if bl� �•�ouid huy his timber ta assist
us in pre�?aring the creek for floatinc? saw lnas.
3
, j � , a� c' ,, ., y `� a -: z � '� ��'��� ` : � ° '",+ � � �1,� '•.� � � �a� r � r �.
�, 1" :,�, +',�� "'^� ��`'�4� f ��� t o- � ���� � `��, `�1` �" s�„� '� ' � ��
M' ��`���� � � �� � � �'` ? "a'M � y � µ -� „� � �' b "' - :7 � 'e�� � �'ry'�° �. ,.' � ; �. A � �, � ����
,,,aaa ������___ � {! � M� �. � .',"�'�� � � '� . a,�+'6 %� qr � ,� d �� �
-;r �'���iwh�.. 'P, � ,�.� 1 m� p � .�y� �, � `' ^ . �� :«. - �u6. �i � �1 ,� ,.
r, � '� ; � Y' ""'"� n ,."�,^ v.,� � . r a.,�'" �x� {� � � �'+. �: �` ���Cy ' ,� " � y" ' � � W � Y �M:
.� 9 '"� . � �x �.'�'"� +'� *''�wM„��� a `,��" , � > ��„�y�. ry 1� �• I �� �"",� ! �+�,
� A ,
+�q� < -Y '�x � �°,� � ;.' t +u*w � � r 5� ti i i�, �' v �1 '�w � �' �'� � � �� °i � .. ^� J'T • ,..
.�
r
� ,� -� � ;� , �� � p o �, r � r � � ,. �'��
� � � �
�tr � ir a
` „ � , y � �,� "�
��'�-� � �" b " � �- �� 5 v �' �' � �W'b,�° �'„� ti�.� � �'� � � n � v � .r+ d� �..�
> ,
'���'`,�.�" e � �"'� .� r�^ �°' � �.,.r.. . a � . ' � y ' ' ���� �' � ��M 4;�
��� ' � w ��;�.'��^F ^� '+' .r...,+"' 9i�y.'�kn,� f4�.'X`..y ��r6 .�,4 �Int
� i � �
.. e _
.�p�i : +�� - �. � . � :�� � � p � �, �� .
,
��. .? , 0. �r•�e � _, ,,:-,;, �, '° -. ,'" .• � j° .
' � +�
�a � .. . � ��^ ..
� ... '
� �
..,,
• ,. • s
.r r .`� r,��� � �
ti. ,
nYM� . � ^w � � 4�•
�
J "V m `• -•. � _ r ,.
• . . _ . ... , .
:�� � . +.4 y,'+ � w ���T_..� ,,, � , . , , , r' . ��y.�.� s"=� �"�,r�+"� l�.I. � . �i � " r�
.� � ti w
� h ,,. � .. ,. �� ...:...na �J"*i .. y�.. o ��� u v e y g �,,.' �
�.r r ,
����� � _ ' . . ;. ��� � ".,ru�" � �aM "k `-�'" �..,�a
IG , u „_.r
, ra� ' -'�, w ' m�„r� ��, �r
. � . +�e�,y� ,. „��w6i .
� � yY �vd ` _ .
M � � �
s �
, � x.
� �� � �
� �� � .;,�� * �' — �� �,.� �' �^�* .. IS�u'x ' ''�r�
� w,
� .,.
.,
� ' F � � �..� �� �' . ,� � W���� �� ' . r ��'i` ..*�;a�
���� �. � �
� � y � ,
� �� � '� ' � N �. ' a,�" ��;"
a�. ,� ' 3Y�Y�1�'w�.�
�
Fic� . 2a . F,nthOriy Cree}� r
�?iv�r l�ile Z.
'�ay 7, 1�84.
_. . „�;.. _ . �. - -., , .
Y '�' � ; ""`
,
` � .�� �� ., .
:� ,..�� ,�",` , , �
�'",-
.�", ' ,. � r ,� '.r '� .r��!d � ..., �
t �" , �K
� ... 5 ��r: ^►�' '°'"�^ .:y 'S�Na.p.i.w►�+,.
sw� _ h ,
� - � „�
n� _ *'
�
+l'� �'C � � P�: �
�, � k" r �� �
• •�� �µ� fR
�: . � .. �.• �
� �: ,
�`� �"" i�'"� � _.�,a°;a�,
�T ��� � � � `_
r . _ __
,-
�°
� `�
,�� , �
^� � :
� ,�„
�" • �gn, �
. _ ���TM' ��
. ,� �.. . --��
"' ►�� ,�.�" ��% �:,_ �.^��,
- ,�,.�.,
f. '�'iwT' , - � 9�w" an,• .
, l_ � 'Yr'4r_ �� , .. � .
..� _ � .sx ri�ill
T
��� . � ��� ..;{�".
���� -���
p � �� _ � ..
� -.Yr� . � �`+..'.r
!^
S � '�`'wwµ .��4�� �
- '. . . _. '�I'rTat"' T�
0
Fig. 2Y�. An�hony Creek
thraugh olc� T-laines Panch
site.
N!ay 7, 19t30.
s�'itnesses for the defendant aareed that the �rive came to r.rief hecause of
the 20,0�0 feet of loqs which �r. �?aines wished ta sell to �?elch, fihe l�mher-
man would not pay fox them unless they were in the creek's waters, but Haines
had nut them in a dry channel G�hich passed near the cuttina area. In order ta
flaat them out to tr�e existina channel, he huiZt a hrush dam across th� creek
to divert the waters into the ary channel and move his locrs. ti�en the lo�s af
t^�elch's drive, which were �rom 2� to 4� iriches in diameter and had heen cmninq
�awn smoathZy enouqh in th� freshet, co�lided �+�ith the �rush dam they cre�te�
io
a jam some five logs �eep. �a clear the �am taok [tiTelch's crew nearly four days.
As they had starte� th� �rive lat� in tl�e �eason, the waters receded while they
were hreakinq the jam and a�tending to a�ore pressin� �rive af 13,0�0 �ailroad
ties. Consequently thPy coul� not vet nut ha1� o� their logs. Furthermore the
ja� washed a hole in the bank af the riv�r �n Haines' property and dumped qrave2
on his qarden and m�adow, thus souring him on the F•hole enterprise and l�adinq
to tPi� laws�it. ��e hlockaae of t�e channel where Haines had made his brush
c�am hindered all future drivina on the creek.
mhe testimony of the various wi.tnesses for the defense abaut th� 1884 lbg
and tie �rive �s of interest. t4�elch �ave this further descriptian of the drives:
�ur lags £ioated as nicely and with as little expense or trouble �s
� ever saw such sized tim}aer floated on any sma�l stream for the
length of time we had tio wark at i.t. u'e put into the Creek abaut
°00,000 feet of loqs. An� in the few days we had to work at it
succee�e� in floati��q ab�ut hal� our loqs into North Pow�er River
where ther� is sufficient water to float thPm at nearly any seasan
of the year .
n o ,�, • � F1 * �i�,� ��`ni !.'� 53;.' 4.° :7.^.:2 n{+t }ig�sA fimo
-�a.i�i� i.viu��c.ia�:iiay �.v t�va'4 �
to finish our loc? r?rive we went alonq the Creek arid floated all loys
to the sides of the channpl a]ona the bank so that ties cauld pass
down withouti obstruction & wP put intn Tnthony Creek 13,�(l� ties and
f2oate�3 them down from about 25 miles ahove its confluence with North
Powder. River. �fter we �xnit floatinq loqs, we �lone this with as little
troublP as they wauld have raused in a large stream the ties ran so
thick in some narts af thP stream �h<at �3 �er.son could have ���alkec� ar►
ti for a mile nr more.
5
r'd Huqhes ��ho was one nf the �rivinq partners aave �imi�ar �estimony:
I...managed the runninq of the tiPS fram the time we commenced until
aur ties were fioated ta within a short �3istance of the conf�uence
of Anthony Creek w.ith �:orth Pocader river. ^'hat was m.y first exper-
ience in f3�oatinq timber, '�ut taP ha� na troubl� in floatinq the ties
in �ny part of t��e CreQk. They floated alonq without any trouhle
save nnw anc3 then some c�f them would '�e crowdeci out on the sides
of t?�e �tream and we wauld have to p�ish them back 9nt� th� channel,
This was owina to havinq too �any in the stream �t once. 41e float-
�c� 13,��}� ties in that time, when strunq aut in the Creek the_y were
arout one mile tonq.
n. T. manyweil [I=angwell?) a�ded:��
I have been enqaaer� in the ��s�siness c�f f�oatinq saw loqs on small
fresh c:�ater streams for many yPars and understand the bvsiness we11.
I trave�ec3 un Anthony Creek abour_ a month aqa from its canfluence
with rTOrtt� Powder �?iver abaut 15 miles and examinec�. the s�ream for
tFze purpose nf takina a contract to float saw locrs for t"��endant.
I say T,nt}�r�ny Cree3c is naviaarle far floati.rc� the �araest sizes of
saw locs that can �e found on the head waters of that s�.ream from
a point a?�ove Mr. �:aines place t� its con£luence kitf� *la�th Powder
niver as far up as I went. 2 rPC�ard it as an exce�tinnally good
stream for the husiness. Saw loqs can h� successfully and x�rofit-
ably floated �aithout usinc� the ±sank of the str�am a� all after
the ZOCiS are put into �.he creek. The Creek has a fine channel
and qood current and is not filler� an ats shoals with la:rqe or
rough stanes that you usua�ly find in mountai.n streams.
T•Titne��es for the Plaintiff. said that the depth �f uTater an the s�oals c�uri.ng
�s�e '�!ay-,7u�y r�ino�f wa� �'rom. two to three feet.� �'�is shoirlc� have been ac�ec{uate
for t�e com.para*_ively smal� loe�s beir�n run.
Thomas Tanner an unstream iandc7wner r�ho ��operi that the loa drives would succeec3 ,
so �ha� he could mark�� his tirtkser recal2ed:
�'he Defer.dants Ioas run niqht and �?ay. I coulc? hear tY:em runnina ir.
the nicht as they nasse� my s�lace. 7 sak� �he ��es when �hey ca�!e
down, they run riqh� alona, were strunq out in the creek when they
nassec� my place more than a r^ile loncr.
As for the use of horses, John Flo�an stated:
I was not pul.lincr loqs c3own the cree?c w�i.th � tearo. I usec� the �eam
in �uI].inq r1r. Hanes l�rush dam out �f the creek. I sometimes used
the team in nullincr �ogs into thr� channel th�t had been cro�wded out
�n the sides of the chann�l.
C:7
Haines was awar�ed S50 �ama�es �or the loss he suffered to his qarden
a�d �ea�ow, �ut ,7udae Thay�r �f th� �t�nreme Court chide� the �arties for fail-
iP
ina ta address th� issue of whether nntn�ny �reek was in fact a naviqab�e stream.
In his next laws�rit, j7. �. Haines and his attorneys a�dressed that issue and won
their case.
The defendant in Haines vs Nall (17 �r 1F5) �ave his vezsion of the hackT
around of his invalvement in Anth�ny Creek lon drivin�. �n Rpril 7, 1R86 he
an� his associates (Marshall, F�aIZ x Cn.)�nurchased the mill and property of
c � Hutchinson 21 near Tlorth Paader for 53�,�np with �he intentian of hrinq-
in� Iags to the mill an Anthony �reQk and ^Iorth Powder River. Thomas Hall
estimate� that Plorth PowdPr �iver eould floa� 15,�OO,�n� feet of loqs each year
and Anthony Creek 5,0��,0�� feet. �he follawina �ctober, David Fccles bouqht
a half inter.est in the firm was �nown as �all, Fckles � Ca. �urinq the
tim.e of Haines' lawsuit aQainst them.
In ��ne 1886, Na1i had a�illion feet of loqs re�dy to drive on Anthany
Creek from lands one to twn miles a�ovP t?aines' farm, but at the time of hiph
water his brother. �ie�, his sunerintendent ?.ackea the exnerience to �et �hQ
timL�er. out, and very few Iocs came ?own. f?aines must have objecte� to the
�rives at that time, because Fra�l then sent hack to �inne50ta for �ames �ell
to come out and examin� Anthony Creek �or its capacity to £loat saw Zoas. Bell
judg�d it one of the �est streams far drivinn lo�s he ha� ever seen. nn the
strenqth of that and other c�mnetent judoement, Hall fel�ed abou� 2 million
F�,..t r.F 7r.r.r r.f frr,.n 1!l +n A/I ir�r+}.on ir� r7i�mn}or f�r� fln�t nief� riitirinn �}-�n 1^��nh
i4G4 Vi iv�� tiii i4`-/i�. ivi �v — x� ti��.i��.�� iaa •naua t_�.�i. a.v iava.ar �iw�. .��wwr�ay �—��ti. .• � a
?.4
water of 1887. He also huzlt two spZash c3ams, one 2 miles and the other I[�
r�iles abave �aincs' nroperty to air' the �?rive. T1]. the landowners alona the
creek but Haines ap�roved of the �rives anc� most of them sol.d their timber to
?�all.� �n r�ay 2 of that year, ha;:=ever, Haines brouqht suit to prevent t3�e drive.
7
�urinQ the next two �ays Hall an� his f.ri�nds swore out aff.idavits that the
drive cou1�3 take place without dama�e to �'.aines' lands and its p�ohibition
wou1�� brinq �ar�e f�nancia� loss t� ttall and his associates. Judge Luther B.
Zson �ecreed on titay 14, IAR7, that tlze �r?ve could take place, wit� certain
safeau�rds, with the Fise nf the splash �a�s. The terminus of the drive spec-
3€ie� hy 7udqe Ison was the town of rlor�h powder.��
In his a�.ended complaint of 1'-":ay 2, f�aS.nes had nrec?icte� that the splash
clam k�as noorly nuilt, would hreak and causP the lcxas to jam, and othPrwise
cause f3ooclincr an� damar�e to ?�is prnperty. fie also stated that the rirzve would
not ?�e a success as Antrony Creek was not navic�ahZe for sawloas or railroad
ties and that logs could only be �at clown the river by constant trespass on his
pro�erty. FssentiaZiy all these r7ire assertions came to �ass c3urinq 1?ay and
,7une 1887. ��£oze tY�e c�rive hecran �,n� c�f �he splash dams 3�roke, prematurely
carryinr, a few locis downstream which ja�r+med on xaines' lands anc� caused a wash-
aut of some of his lanc3.�� �t alsa meant that the ruptured dam cauld not sup�Iy
adPauat� w,ater �urinq the main r'.rive. nccordi.np to Hall's o�s+n testimony, the
cansequence was that of the nrigfnal 3,4f1�,�n� feet ta k�e �.riven on Anthony Creek
and �o��der River, only 1, 3��,!l0�? EePt re�chec� the North Powder hoor�.
Z � Hd].nGS'
�ttorney coulr� ask the followinq devastatina rhetorical auestion:
Do vou pretenci �o say, that� in floatinc? loas, �4 h�ndr�d thousanc�
feet af ]oas, 1£3 hunc'.re� thousand at the start, £or a distance
cf two miles anrl a quarter, ��ith fror! 3n to 47 mer,, reauiring
a nerioc� of 25 to 3� �ays, artd ��ith the �vir�ence n� zhe iioating
such as you have descr�.hed as bein� done, that it was a success-
ful c�rive?
`�he �upreme C'�urt of C?renon aqreed that it was not and that there could never be
a successful driv� on that watPrway. '�s a matter of law it was �ecZared F.nthony
c'reek was not naviqa�ic for sawlc�qs, Hall, Fccles �nd �`o. were permanently enjoined
from drzvinq the �tr�am.
T' what abaut th� navioabili�y of A'�rth po�•.der T?iver for sawloas? Hall
8
an� athers asserte� that the r�ort� Pow��er River was drivahle from Anthonv Creek
to their sawmill (Fiq. 3},31 mhis w�s varia��sl� described as from 4 to seven
�i1es helow �.nthony Creek. Ir �s eiqht river_ �iles �ro� Anthony Creek to r]orth
Powder, but if the measurement was road mz�es and the mi11 were upstream from
the town, these various fi�ures cou�c� hP �ade consistent. trarious witnesses
s�oke of �.rivina on *torth Po�:der and the "hansaker Fo�k�" which woul� he the
present main StiP_m of the *Iorth powder abovp its canfluenc� with Rnthony �reek.
The 18�0 ��nsus recor�ed that G�rdiner F•'ells obtair.e� his lo�s £rom the
�Zue ��ountains and uSP� thP r?orth Fow�er. for nower hut did not mention use of the
river to transport the loas. �uch u�e must have hPqun shortly after this infor-
�ation was collecte� in 1679, however, hecause r�rs. Coates of r.ortih Powder says
that her father-in-law, Charles F. , 3acobson, told his family of drivinq raxl-
road ties down Anthony Cree}: an�? the �lorth Powder R.iver ta the town of North
33
Powder befare the birth of his first child in 1881. In T.pri� �882 fn an
artic�e hea�ed "Annual Drive," the Paker �ounty Feveille reportec� that T�aniel
Smith was pr.e�arinq to run loqs c�own Pcrwdex River to his saw�ill c�urinq that
manth and h�d � fozce c�f inen at work on the dam above his mi.11. '"his imp�ies
that he had run the '�orth Powder. bef.ore ]882 and i,n th�t year may �ave snlashed
�he river in order to assist his �rive. In thP perioci after Nain�s' lawsuits,
in �iay 1889, �pencer, Ramsey & t?all had a new sawr�;ill at T7orth Powder with many
thousand feet af loqs in the ��V�z,
Givpn this aeeumul�ted data anc� JUc?qe Isan's approval of �he c�rive on Noxth
Powder R.iver to the tawn of ?•IOrth Pawd�r, it wauld seem that the river from miies
3--Z� was � hiahway for commerce. The Stat� therefare has a ciaim to tha hed of
the stream in those seven miles.
Turninq to the use nf other r�ortions of the Powder River and its tributaries
fnr loq dri^ves, Younq & Ramk�o of Sur±�pter Precfnct statec� in 1879 that they
received their Zoqs from the rrpper �'ow�er �?iver anr3 usecl the ?owder Rxver to
�]
�i�. 3a. �nrt� p���er �ivcr
below mouth �f Anthany �reek.
";ta}r 7 , 19£30.
I
�'ic�. 3b. T�arth Ptnwc3er Ftiver,
F,M 6.5.
f�T�y 7 , 1980.
1Cl
�_— — _ _ — __ _
,,.., ' ' "�.�°° - "4-�� ': 4 s - '
` w �',.
�t,s�,<^ :+. _ ��
power theiz sawmill. [�]hEtiher this means that they obtained thPir loqs from
the river's valley ar actually fl�ated loas on the Upper Powder is onen to
interpretation, though they pro�ably di� �nme flotation.�� hn .7anuary 13,
1890, th� Baker County Court declared Pourder Rive� from the mouth af Rlu�
Canyon (FM 12i.5) to �zver Mile Z32.6 tF��s• �, �•� �? �Q be a hiahway for
the floatina, boominq, raftinr an� trans�ortina of ioqs, timk�er and lumbar.
r�c�urren and Crabill, the �eadina 1�ribermen o£ Raker City, then lease� that
nartion of Lhe river from the caunty. "'e�nwhile �avkd Fccles, persuaa�d b��
his new partner Char�es w. �3ibley, chartere� a Ioqgin� railxoad to exploit the
titn�er of Sumpter Va11ey in A�qust 1�91, and th� next year ruiit a railroad u�
fihe Pa�.Tder Rzver Canyar to P?c'�uen i.n order to brinc? 1�';v f� hi.s 5out�i Bak_er
sawr�i11. FZoyd Carnenter of Baker, f.ar*neriy a conductdr on the �umpter
Valley �ailroad, anc B�ooks Haw�.ey, agec? �n and ar� amateur histarian living
in '�1cEtven, �Save nei�her heard of the Powder beinq c3riven �.n the l.eased sectian.
I'urthermar� the cataract in Roulder ranyon (T'zq. 4�? would have ractuirec� a splash
�am to carrv lo�s throuah it, and there is no indir_ation that svch a structure
*.•ras ever l�uil�. 'ihere£are nne must conc].t�d� that �ccles' railroad aced �?cNSurren
and �'r.abill out of �h� eor��etitian for 1oa carriage in �umpter Valley an� that
the rivez dic3 not became a hic;hway fnr loqs.
�n Septer�ber 25, 1905 fihe Baker �ounty �our.t declared Faqle Creek ahav�
River '�tile 5.5 to he a�uhlic hiqhway (Fic?. 5j ann on �.ne folio��inct day lease�i
tha� nart of t};e river to c'. r. ��ade, Z�.. G. T�ove, T. F'. Mackmiller, Fh. F2, woodarfl,
F[fl _L ..L: n�Yt YGf�Y'YPl� *P1 �V 1 flp ���IJP�ml��
(3T1C� �'r. T''. _.- 'J.'[71S C:VI!li)lita�.luii 'v?ciS 'v"ai:�;su.��.r �._,..���..._ �.� .... ---- --- ---
. AustiTi.
as the Faale valley ��Iater Liaht an�3 Power Companv and Fag3e Creek I�uriber Company
of P.ichland when they repnrted the nrant of the franchise ("30 miles af Fagle
�reek for loqqinq and lumher.inc. operati.ons for a peri�d of 15 years "? and the
1�
�i�. 4a. �owder River,
s;� r•' 131.
:,� �, 1980.
��,� .�,., � . ��-__�,� :.f '�
� � � �, .� � '� � �
> � �
, � ., �A�
, ; � � � , �.
�.�, �r� . �,� � � ! ��' _
� ' � '` �`a� r .��
�'ig . 4� . Pot,3c�er piver in
T?oulder Carsyon {� z2�) ,
'�ray �:, 1�?BC�.
+ x�
,
� .,�.r., � ,.' � �' � *� ,
� �, ', �
" ,#- . #� i , _ � M Afi y � �` lC� 4A � �
� ' F; � � ` i � :. �� '�" s ���� .�� P. y �'� yn'�' �
� y �
�:�i � # ��. A ,r... � �. /r-�' v� ✓' p � e',�,� 'F^�
C� � � ^�� � � �. �� r ���� � , y � ' � y � �.,�� � � �� � �'
�"' ��' � � u��"� �.� µ �io' � �,
� � �'� '7� .w' � .i x� � � .. � i
` � �',� i � * P.r: a.�,� +wt�.. WN�,Yr�" "�^�� i 4 w" �` ,�yr. �. 1"�
�� w ^E'f A F � �+'*« �. y r4� - �f. ; �, :�y ��� �� .
sr�v�'r d, >. ,�v m i• '" 1 8.
, M'" � ' '' � �� " ��� r` �`� � �"`, �
�� � �� ��.- � �� ' �� ii �.�����
k � ��. ���.. H �. . . � ... . ili+ �. � . �� ����"� .
��,,1�. _ � � i�� °' ,���� i ° ,'` �m �:r ��� . ��, ,�'_ ,
i i� _ . •� -� w
�' d � _ . _ � .. - �..� ,� ._.
1 . �
�����,_ . r .
�.�.. , .� .�- � �- � �,
.�.��
� � �,
.�..." .����,�
....
��`,• �.• �: ,. �
- ...��...,.v .� W ,,� ,. -
k '�.
N r .� � � V �'.
's a
4 g a� q �� k� 7 A
'�b" ,."�"'+C 11"
.. �" .. ' . �-a'��
. .. � ��~ �� �
�v �� y �. ; �
.
_. _ . .
�,-�* � _ � -
-���':�- _ . � „,,.�„;�'� -
�. � � • ,_ '
, .F..�:,_-�.., �: �„.,.�- � .� = �.�.�,�
_; .,'`"'".' � � �=,. ��.,.
� ��"�
.� r .,.' , i
4 �
� a
1,
� e�''�'� r � °�'�'
�* � � �� � %�� � ,�'
"� �,� ��� . . �t,,,",�,� ��•" " � � .
Fi�}. 4c. Pawder Piver ne�r
� alisbury, ?�"� Z23.8.
'�4ay 6, 198�J.
s'�" �;' ;
� � � i�s.
�x.�, r,.� �� I
.. A .
P ' ���,'
. . . �,����
__ _ �. �
� "� � � � �
..
q; � � ��� �
�a: "' �� ���,s.�r.��"�
v� � � �� , '`� k � � '�� a,� �
£ a ,,• � � t� � ���h�r .� �J � ,� �'�
.# x . y a � ..'a � �snQ� .
�'` �' "� g ° " � � � ��;'� #�x i.
� � � � j
� � -„ � � �� , '�"�N �� i''.:�c �
; 5+ ♦ *.� ,° � �
'c, > . ' � �" . k'��� a � � � ' �
r �np
i',�, . � « �� � �'hn� w „
.. P 5 �� i �+. �,� ��,��
r IY�.. �'�' .i i� Y ��ui ,� n u�.�
�� � +�'M�. � �� ` �� Iw .� °;+�i ��,
'� �'Y''+s. ,.. _. __e�Yr �Y�^ 4 6 � {1 � r..�i�
1�w,�����^• y �� �*� �i � �:.
`��: .
. . . F ,� . tl y � 'S , ,, � �w��wuR . .._ � r ' � .
M
d � ��� yy. x,� �y �i , .'� w ..w' . , !��,: as.. ''^'�'- .
;1i ��, � ��P ��"� . , , ,�y,��! d�" . �'�n , p�+ y, k�.Y� XY� a� »�y, ..
�.'" �u � �R d_..
"�' I � -� � � h� . � M P� a �.'a
�x�� � k ^M t� x w �* �I d: � �l�;; L'��' r
"�'� � �r 9e .,,� �" � �w��l,i'�� �� , �p � �.� � rV" ./ r ..o q�', r�.k" «t �,.
� � 4 ..r�i kH ' t �+�_g,a ,+ � W� � 'L�' � sr ^ +*
�".�-�'� .. ;`.,, ',�af� .� � .. � y.�� �. ����� ��� .� ��i��
�'ig. 5a. �agle �"reek in
the Canyc�n, P.�! 21.
�Tay 8, 198(}.
� Thr ' � �` � � ��"'^� ,�.
�ia` :,` � ,�, .
� ,
ww . ,� . "W "� x. '��;
q1� r �, �... ..
Y � .a� ��� �.� . 4, a , � � '.��
,.,�� a �, nvS�r. � �'�"�*'� �
�ia�'�. �. ,_ ..1,�.�.._..,,._ . � ,.,e .
� �°°
� ,A
�'��, '�"��'�'
.:.�1G��� '
�' °�V� c •-!�"r ' l
� �` � •. a ���
�
�,. M�� naim� �ati:.. + , �� ; �� ,� <
,
� � , ",� . �
. �, -�r a . .. .� .'"a '�,` �� ,.�, �:
dl� _
��:��u.,. � .
'' �:
"� � � . � � ,,,;�M m
� � ;� �..
;.�. r ,�,:
�'ig . 5b . E�cr1e Cz��k abav�
Richlanr�, Rxt 4.5.
`"SaY $, 1980.
13
entrepreneurs' construction o£ a 7�0 f�ot �am in �aqle Creek Canyon for their
5a��i11.�� On inquiry to varaous . �ersons in �.ichland a�out �he use of Eaqle
c'reek �or Ioa drives, `1rs. rl.ara �inq, an elderly m�mhPr of a sawmilling family
there, r.epliecl throuc�h her neice that��
She couJdn't rememher if it �as the sz�rina of 1906 cr 19f}7 �hat
C. F. ��ade ancl k. G. T�ove triec� �o float iocrs r?own �'aale Creek.
Rut tney had no suceess. '^here is too m�ny hiq rocks in th� erPelc
.3n-a it doesn' t run t�at mt�ch +,+�ater �o f 2oat loas .
�o this �ffart to use another taatercourse in the powder pivQr. basin a]sa enc3er�
in fazlure.
�4
�ILVIFS P.IV��2
T�� £iasin
The ci.lvies is a ��reat Rasin river c�rainina into an inland iake, '�alheur
L�ke in �?arney County, rather �han into the oce�n �r an ocean tributary. '7'he
13R mile lona river rises on tt�e sout� s�ope of ±he �trawberry �4ountains. after
the first I3 r^iles it has a moderate to �ou crradient as it �asses throuqh Bear
and �ilvies valley, Gilvies n.icler !'anyon anci enters the ?�a�heur Lake Plain abave
Furns. l�fter enterinc? tl�at �lazn, however, it has one of the stranqesC confiqur-
ati�ns of any riv�r in the state, ?�PCausP it then branchQs throuqh several £orks
and nyriad irriaation channels hefore these se.veral divisi�ns of Che main stem
enter �ialheLir Lalce {Ficr. �) , ThP area of the Sil.vies rasi.n al�ove fiurns i.s a34
square r�iles of which ak�out ?�alf is in �rant County; ahou� one-�hird nf the
43
tatal hasin, how�ver, lies }�etween Rtirns and '-�al!�e�r L.ak�.
��'ater ciischar_qe has �een r�easured above Burns, where the main stem still
retains its intecrri�y, for 65 years. ".'he �veraqe r]ischarge nas been 155 cubic
feet per secand with extremes of 4,9F0 cuhic feet per second on npril F, 1952
and several rec�rdinas of na �laF��, xt s: he err.ohasized *�at annual f3.aws
are extremely variable and in some vears, in �935 for example, vi.rtually the
entire runo£f occurrec? duri.na the r�onth of npril, taperinq off in early *�ay.
Therefore averaRe c�ischarc�e fiaures �re r_elatively meaningless For this rivex,
rnrests exist in the hills �urrounc�incr the river ahove Purns ana pravi.de
�n impc,rtant �art of the economic �ase of the recion, raXly �ettZement, however,
��ras dominat�d by stockr'aisinq in the *�alheur ?,akP valley.
:�a.v iqat�.�n
L�nnromisina as �'ilvies nivPr is for navic�ahZe use, it susta�ned i.mportant
loq drives to Burns �t tr}P end of the i9th century. In ?�arch 18€i8 the East
nreq onian Herald noted th�t T'. i'. Gtengc�r was �reparinq pine loas far raftinq
15
STRAWB�RRY IN
••» .+•.•. � :•ftANGE
: . •
, � .
. . .
.. • � .
.'.• •. .
. • • • 10�
.•
. �• � � .
� r
. ; '•..� �.•'� .
. �{M oo •. •,.' :
.-
. 5 • g�
: �o� GYSSk �
.
.
.� � � �
.
.� p �.�..•
• : �
.� •
•
.
•
�ohR Dar '; 3 �:
B a S i n 7�, '� _ GRANT CO_ T
� ;•• �L4FtI�fEY C0.
. �
� *•
• r
• � Q
• �
• �
GRANT ' G0. : • �
C� --+-
IRN€ - .-��-•�,� - - ---r - - - �
' '. 3
• •�� `' � ������� �` 5 � Malheur
• r' ������ �� � � � Q S 1 R
�'. E � rnyr `� ! a ` 50 '
.
• �. • 4
O •
� .'�C �'� 4 45 �
. .
'. 3S •. � �
. ry •.
: �
��i4 •
• 1 •
• r •
�' . 5 c� •
. ' 2
� f .. � .
. �
:�` �� :
•; � • .
. .. .
` � �" � �
. o .
• •.
. . . •.
• � .. .
• Xi •
. t •
� m .
• + 3
.
r •
. •
a ���5 �
r •
• •'2
. E` •
' S '
• �
a �
. �
• � �''f O • �
• •
• •
� ••
. 13 •
•
•� 2 �
'� I ! S ie �
� • � �.. .
. ^" p� •
. • _ l . .� .
. � .
: f a �� ��.•`. .
. �- � ..
.�
.
�•.
• ......
F1GI1R� 6.
SILVIES RIVER BASIN AAAP
and Silvies River Profi�e
Prepared by DIVISiON OF STATE �ANDS. Dacembsr f980
16
$. --� „
. .
_
.,i
� '�
•
� .'
�
0
:
Cr�ak
F co.�c c...k
SfLVE3
TIIOfI� GII k
CrNk
CrNk
BURNS
Eosl Font SNviet Riwi
LAKE
down the river.� Sten�er floated his lo�s from Stenaer and Crieket �reeks near
Fiver *4iie 1� of Fmmiqrant Creek (Fi�. 7a). In �pril 189Q the Herald carried
the story that, "John Sayers is nre�arinq to work on his new sawm�ll Inear town];
his lo�s wi11 soan rie floatinq dawn �ilvies river" (Fiq. 7c). T_n succeeding
issUes �ne newspaper eaqerly followe� �ayers' activity:
mhe sawlocrs for the new 5awmili are now at the mi�l site.
�une a, I890
"°Pn are at work landinq Iocrs at the ne�+* sawsnill site near town.
?une 11 , 1E390
uany �Prsans praise the fine �oom of laas in the river at the new mi3l site.
,7une 25, I890
�oe1 f�. F'saward hrouqht suit aqainst .7ohn %?. rayer to obtain p�yment far haulinq
1,8fl0,000 feet of sawloc�s fxom the timher to 5ayer's old sa�ysnill at the head of
C'ricket Creek durinq 1F388 and 1B�39, and alsa for "hauZinq from tnP timber to
the hanks of Si�vies River, a�o,aoo feet of S�s��=Loc}s" in 189C3.
tlews of drives on Si�vies River to t�e Sayer sawmill at Burns occurred durinc!
t�re n�xt years. At the end of "�arch 1892, "l� crew of inen were un on Silvies
river �ankina logs ready to fioat dovm th� river, as soon as it raises, �or the
Rurns saw mill;" and at t�e en� of May 1£�93, "The sumrner supply of saw logs will
:>e at thP Bu�rns saw mill in a few days." Durinq the first week of M�y 189F,
"Th� ±�oys are �own from the loaqincr car�p; they are still �anki.ncr loqs and do not
�:nok= yet +ahen they wi 11 r�rive .�� 50
S1
In 1896, )?P.S1C?PS Sayers' c3rive, T. F. *�atney al�n c3rove loc�s on the SiZvies:
''4�31 lc�qs more or less, Pstimated at 15n,pr�n feet, which were cut
zn t?arney rounty, �tate nF nrecron, anc3 are a�i unmarkec�, and they
beina the same ]ocrs cut for sai�? "�+atne�� in �he fa�l of 1.895, anc3
t•7inter and Sprin� of 189�, and were �ut into SiZvie� P,iver at or
near �,�hat is kno�uan as the �7im G�ith C31ACP and caere comminaled with
a lot of saw loqs then heing run %?own sai� �iver by ,7ohn [•7. �ayer,
i7
�"8'`-� �'� r � '� � � ��
t � ' * ,� ��*'�� �w k y,;. � i
��a� � ➢�q�r�ry'. �'����� � '� �'�� n�� {f ��... �� ���I��b .� ,�L {�i� Y�
5
�� � yW� � � h � � a a: � �� ti ��
� I � � � � �� ��� ����� � �����i i � � �, g � � ��� f� y p �� "��
��� �� � �. J�;�� �4 i b ��d N'.� W "4 " ��. �
� !.'F Y � P . . � �� �� 5 C+ p '� M � � �^ � a .
/M1 �� Y� lo� ���'. t . y � � �. .„ "�,
�Y
�._
.� YY � � p �� � � �. ➢y �r: � � �' � � ��.�� � � �P � • !a
±y { � � � °� .Ed+ Yi� S � � �Y��•
S.S � Z � Ir � � �t� 4'� �. Y y 5
c �
�"� "�, ,�q ' � !, 1F�'� �-.. �,' e i�. . �
' �� _ � � ".��,,� w �,� .:� � � �.; 4 �-' ' ,� �t � l�s � �9k
, � , � � ' ��a..
F �
x�. "*r� � � � � �� � � ;s .� .. ,y �
�` M'y�,'� ��... q A �� S.. . �� . . . ,.d' � x , b.�
^+ � R. � •" '� s " x� ..,� � � . �.. � ��.. �
�� v �� t 4 ��� ���� LL � � l` N �
'� • f r , � .. � „ �,� .. .,*��:. . a
~, � V '� , � � � e. . . .r„; , 'A , , . .. �� � �' �.. "
, , :
,. 4 ; ,�µ �Rrye p A
���'M� JR p� ��� � � _� � �yA-„Y. � �.,
� . ` "�M�"4. � I ,.� + �. �,�. �,
�,-�„ :. � �: _ .
,,�,. .. ry�
�
� � �,� ,�,
�, , . �
/ . *o
. �� r
k �ir. � '�+. �,' +&. � . � A . �,�
� . �1P ��' . , ' w�. - �,. - .R i.'!�
�
�.
�
��
, �
� .
?'i�. 7a. ��'mmic?rant '�r�e'r,
�,M 3 . 5 .
.ay 15, 1980.
�'ic�. 7b. SilVies p.iver
a.bove Five Mile I�am, RM 42
Rabove f�aZ�eur T,ake .
'?ay 14, ].9�'C1, o
Fia. 7c. �'it� �f �`��,�er�'
sawmill can Silvies �iver,
Btarns (R*'i 32.2 ahavp !�a3.heur
Lak��.
r� l� � 1`-?�?'}.
:;,�c,,.
� �,� � ��� -
..',�
i'� `� }
�'� ��� '
. �� � �
�' � i t� � b .
`~^". �, a ty"� � p 4 `�
. ` w1":"h .r N ^ .M N�' "�
`.�'.r�' .5� • �
� ���� � � � x ��
v
� �� ���'� � � � �
� " a� �r �, � ,� � ` m
, �� �,; �, .
,s
� ���
b
j�� "� �'� °�� � �� . +�� � �
� '°' �"F
� '� � "� "° _,,.�
.+� � �y" ��� � "��'>�
. ��. � � � � � � �� �
MIM r ; . , �
� �� , � i� � ti,..
� „� � , , � ,�
�
!� :a�r �,,�'r�` �,�
' r �n . °�. �, �� `:-• .� !�� t � +y^ R r '� � . , ra y� 1"_r,V
� m i
�a� . +�' � � i�k , p'.. � �+�u�*� �+�� * M1
Y, " P �� . A '��*��5��y�, ����`
a�+���� � �A ' , � .
�� 4 �!��l�� � } ' ,.,� ,�_ �� ° ��i' . � �%
� � �� �� � 1' � � ..•+� n� �"�.
p ,i, _...lr�.ur�,. �l : � C.f2 "ii'� � w . F
1Ej
,;, --
. �►
�-
s:'• �
� �" � y ,� _�-.
, � �
, _ :�
4' . � 3 �, f �
� I �
� �� 'i � _ -
� � .
� � q t..�
� ° � �.
� � . ' 1
� � " -!i
� '
�� �� s �
. �� � � �
I ��
�
�~
`` � r .
� ' r ��
f ,
� !
il
�': ��' �
� • , ,i
. �� �•� }"� �
. � ;
� �
. � r i
� � ` - '
I � � ,
� . • i
� �"`� �� ,� ' G
„ �i'+ •
� • ... � � ` ` ` � f S.t iJ
, ��"+" , a U
C Aq C1
�# �` � . ' O �
� , �
� . . _. _
" :� ' � o �
� �'� � " : :.� i � a�
- . ,��^�' �r• TC� �
s
� �+ �,� . � C7 U
.- C� - � `'' � •� +•� �'!j �
;��` �� � 'v . _ w 3
# � •.� . � Vl CI
"� ~ � . " co a� u
� � - �- #'� • -•1 +C
�^.�- t , , . r. , J rl
s
� - � r� .�
� ' r � 1 � • �.�I •.i iG
. �� +, - � i*r t1Z �
. }� _ L . � ` '
e �R� • i f y _' �_ '�� � a� - ' .
,,._.; �: - � \ . . , � r
� - -. ^,'* 'k,.`' � � ' -r ,
3 �� �' _ � ��� �� .• • � +�, .
` • ' 'a � - ��` � ° .
_�-� � . .�. ;,- • f - . 4 ..
} +.,: � �i: , '''y ,�: . ' � �
yT .: �'..� _ ,` ! ; �- � ' `��1
. } � ����� �_ * ,�
"Y. � ��) ' .t� ' • ` ^` ,4µ'��
.. _ ��'7��_ . �� �.' !
' > �, 5 ' 1 +' �
t . , frt' � " + � � . � . - ' � . � �
� � � .�y• ' .Y ' � �{
� ' . � , t � , � .� , - .r �` ' lt` �'�
� •' r A ' � k
'�ry�'' i'-I :4 ' +eti ^r.�
•;r �� "� FL' ��� 7 `� ' �'� � � - ry � ��.�+�``���..
't � ` �* :. r .'.. 3 �^ � 7 �1
. - � .J � ��• ,.�' , L . ='�.�-.
� � ��� �� ��� 'i4•• � r �
V . I . t I �„J � at � � ��: ���
j T y �.
f� •• ' ` .� ' '�y �?'� '�*� ��
��,•� • J • •� ��, y l�� � � • ;'�► �' � ��+ ♦
�. , j � �
y t : �'� y = � ; � ,1� . �^� t �� k
. �/ � � �f� . . I�, ��
_' ti ' .1 1 � .y� � � ~ +� �,f - i` s �-�i ��'�� ,�'.
� �', �K - . � F �' 'Y C4 '� ' • '�'C� �..-� r � � r � M
'�' �. � r . ' . J � � ,ti � - . .a a . T� '. ��
�� + ' `.� ' =•�t ; r� � ,�, -;�: � �
,,: . . � .;��,.� _, �
a F � : ! . .,j ' ,'�` . ,' `. ..a .�; �,t• �-' ��'� �{
Z� � "
�1 - � -
, « ' 4 • "� �wD � 1 . ',l_� • r� n _,_, y :�,�
E � � � ,: f ' . k l '� . 1 . �'+r"� � \ T� ` \�+�� 1
k� � �� � � ��� ! �-� � �� �� 1��. tih _
� •� � .� �� ., . � i '�� �-• �
i � y � � ��
' � � � � �� • r ' , ,..�� • � �
+ ��� 1 `} � , .
� ,� +} '+a �� � ` `� `` -
. � r � �.ai ' �' • i� . !, `,!F � •'�
� ��� i � 4 � � ��.��
� � t � �' • '� ", � h t .i1 ,�� � �`
r , ,
.,.� �� ,�•� �
; � Y „, ,
n,_ ,; ,
�.. �_ r
� � i . �� -
„ � J � �• `
' f � � i, � . � � l
�, �� - •3 l� ' S , �� � � .� a �!f'� y
� �
.� � �, �, �
,lY' f. *� . � � �' :
ia
anr� from there they �r�ere all run down said river toqether to
the s�w miZl on said river, near th� Town �f Burns �,,�here they
now are. The loas rTsn at said time as afor?sair� hy �ay�r are
aI.Z marked �.aith one or two notches to distinguish them fraf� the
*tatney loas; and said Ioas are now lyina in Gilvi.es Piver at
said saw mi�l, for la}�or perforMed.
5. 4�1. Eernet�y cut and haulec? lqqs for '��tney hetween the enc� of tanuary and
mi.�-,7une wnen he 1,Tprkec3 10 �?ays on thP river. C�r1LrQ (s�iq. �} .52
Tn L�ecember 1900 the Timherman repartec3 th�t "The sawriill of Sayer � Kinq
at Burns has heen closed �own for the present Tt1P. crew is now bankina lncrs
for use in the sprina." 1'ut the ��rns r�ill w�s destroyed by fir� that season,
tne r^illinq op�rater 4.�35 txansferred hack to Cricket Creek, and the histnry of
54
1oa drives an the Silvies ended.
?±Zthouo,� it would seem th�t a sma�l t�ortion of r`ricket c'reak an�3 a�anver
�ortion of Fmmi�;rant C'reek sustair�ec� some locr flotation it was not extensive
enouc;�1 to con�titute a k�asi.s f.or navic�ability for �itie p�rposes. At least
12 years of c?riving Si�vies Fiver £ram t�� mouth of �F,hsmiqrant Creek to Burns,
however, wouZd sPem to be suf.f.icient to enahle �he state tp claim the ?�ed af
�.he 5ilvie� in that re�ch.
2p
.TO�rN nAv
The �asin
From an arm extendina south from its terminus in the Columhia niErer thfs
hasin forms a qiant 8,0�� �qu�re mile paw in the centPr af nreqon (Fia. 9).
The headwaters of th� main steM, which is 2f��! mi1�s 1onR, flaw south �rom the
�trawberry ttountaan ranqe 4rhich, uniike r_th�r_ ranqes in the skate, has an
east-west axis in mi�-�recxan. ?`lowinc� from east to west, thP ,7ohn F?ay collects
t}ze waters from the north slap� of t�ais ranae until at the town of Davvill� it
is joinec� ry the south Pork w.hich �rains the western portion of the Gtrawberry
ranae. `I'heir comk�ined waters �hen f.low north to Kimber�y wh�re the 1�?o�th Fnrk,
�hich w�th the F�i�3die Fork c'Lrains the western slopes of the Blue F�ountains,
joins the main stem. To this poin� thP �•�atershe!� fozms about �0 r+ercent of Grant
County.
T.t Kimberly the .7ohn Day enters ?•�eeier �"ounty and flov�s west to that
�t�ra.sdiction's �order h*ith .7e£fersan Co�tnty, then north aqain on the finai 3.30
mi.l.es to the columbia. `"his r�ortion o� th� ,'tahn nay watershed and Sah�eler. County
are vir.tivaliy identical. In its zricldle reac��s in Grant and W4zeeler Counties,
the �ahn ?�ay �isplays its distinctiv� aeoloctic feat�res: layered hasalt butt�s
often tap�?ed wi.th columnar prom.ontories; on the slopes red, areen and buff F'ocene
f.ort��tions frequently show thern�elves; and a snarse cTrowth of juniper spreads
over the entire landscape. �lc�na the Yiver the �asalt cli£fs impinqe on thP
r�hannpl whi 1 P thP hP�3 i� �f l�rae sizec� c?ravel thraucxhaut. (Fiq. l0a) . '^here is
snme aQricultural lan�? alonq the river in this n�rtaon of the basin.
ir, its finaZ Ienqth the John nay forms the �arr3er �etween Sherman anc�
Gilliam Counties. 4��ile the wdt�rshe� �echnica3�3y forms over half. of the
former and �35� of the latte.r coun�.y, little flow is contributed hy tributaries
21
in ehis reaion which is a semi-arid grassland plateau t�rouqh which the xiver
55
cuts a dee� �epression.
Gtreamflow �ata exists fo� vario►as noints in the hasin.
The follawing tablc indicates �isch�rae �t key points:
?^_ate �.iver A?i1e Xe�rs M 9'ic�h Lo4�
(cubic feet per �econd}
Strawberry Creek � 48 3.2.7 274 1
Jahn �ay ?51 1� 192 5,830 3.5
near ,7ohn Day
J'ohn ❑ay 2�5 52 ��5 8,�70 1
near South Fork
��i�?dle Fork 1�}.9 49 242 4.73� .9
Plorth Fark 35.3 53 1,22�? 33,�00 17
3�, :"ibnUi*��`R�
John nay at I5E.7 SO 1,82I 4(?,2G0 �
Service Creek
�TOhn nay at 2n.� 7� 2,noz �z,sna n
HtcDona lr3 Ferry
�']iese fiaures indicate that the *TOr.th Fork contributes thP nreatest volum� ta
the river's fl�,a and that litt�e addition is �^ad� in the lower ].50 miles of the
r�ain stem. r�ot sho��m in these f.iaures i.s the enormous variations of discharge
from year tn ycar with a cyclical low series nf runo€fs durinq the 193f?'s. The
fic?ures tenci to indicate another fact, r+any af �he myriad watercourses o£ the
1-�asin �re dry most of the ypar. F�inall.y �n the mountainous headwaters, peak
flows occ��r from �ate P?arch to early ,?une wit� over ha�f the annual �lischarqe
�gpearinq in two-three months.`'�
�'he hasin was oriqinally se�tZed. near r��yon City an� the Blue 1�ountains
in order to exploi� mineraZ resources. rrazinc� and aariculture follo+aed by
forestry, es�ecially along the !�Torth Fork of the .7ohn bay, have since become
thP l�adi,nq economic activities of the basin. Fecreation is a minor activity,
22
though river tours of the Jahn Day hav� increased in populazity in recent years.
Na�on
Lag tzans�ort use of the �ohn Day has been almost non-existent. Beginning
with the Strawberxy Mauntain headwaters, the sawmi.l�s in thzs regi.on were usually
located in the tzmher at �he foot of th� moutain like �he Kuhl Bros. sawmill
on Strawberry Creek eight mi.les south of Prairie City. Byram Bras., however,
at one time �loated cox'dwood down Canyon Creek �.o Ganpon City a� flood stage,
prnbably fram the creek which bears t.heir family's name and prabably in the
�.ate nzneteenth centuxy.
In another partion of the basa.n, the Chee L�.mber Company proposed in 1923 to
use the North and Nli ddle E'orks of the John Day fqr log drives and then from the
junctiion of the North and South Forks to float logs daan the ,7ohn Bay t.o the
Co].umbia. In order to assist the drives they constructed a splash dam above
Spray (Fig. lOb) and proposed to erect two others at the mouth of Rock and
Butte Creeks (River Miles �35 and 97). 'I'he Public 5ervice Commission granted
Chee Lumber a franchis� which extended to Praizie Gity (RM 262) River Mile 87.3
af the North Fark and River Mile 60 of the Middle Fork. The on�y information
the Commission r�ceived that the company had driven the John Day was of an
experamental c�rive of 200,000 feet of J.ogs �'rom Spray to the Columbia River.
'I'his c?id not occur unti.l 1935 and in 1539 the Commission revaked their franchise.
Whether any of the headwa�ers of the Middle Fork or North Fork - the latter
having the largest flow af any tributary - stis�ained log drives is not knawn.
�'he most fanciful episode of naviga�ion an the 3ohn 17ay was the follawing:�'�
In 1895 Charli.e Clarno, son df Andrew Ciarx3o tne pioneer Inuiei�
fighter and stockman at Clarno an the John Day river 100 mzles
southeast of 2'tse Balies, la�ched the John Day Quaen, t�'�e only
steamer ever ta operate on the John Day ri�er. Chaz�ze farmed
on the WY�eeler cour��.y side of the John Day and operated t ferry
at Clarno.
23
� � � L - � �` "`+::�` y �r .�
i►'s�.i.'�r w. -• � . � � - •:•� �c � � � - ..,.. 1 � � " �.+
` m ° � ! `� � � -,� : . . . . �. � .rPe°'r�- �: i�h"�r :.�. .
����- .�'1 _ - .+" s � � �. _ �._- , ��:fi, ' ��
'+ ^�p¢ �f F {` �ty M s .
,.i,.�"�'�i^�L_a�.,. • a--.y'`„"`-'fY!� pS t t+ , i �, y� �, �' .'�� r�. _ `` � :�'` � -. .�
� _ 1:' f r. {. r� 8� ti, 3 f ta ,'.� lP :� . J!` •.' 1 _. a
;�' . f � "�' 4 �}� �� S=� .� R y,:�'rf� � 4�.��� � � � � ' ;- �
. ��. .'� t . t�� r. �. t . -� � 'd.4 w .a . ' � , a• , . �.i
E � r. ; � r • r r - : -
�s � �s. ,r:`t. �,, . . ' ' �J�f . ^ ' ,��,� ,, � ' y�,�,�t ' f.1� J .7�-" ' - � y f r=.� ' `. �. i t ._
f I �
� � ;�i '� - � r w
s?.. �-+�..�e��`�"`��!' . .• a � �� Xr f�,� � £� ��' �.
i�r' . . �� �F_ ' 'y . - . . . �s - � • ���� �� r � � � � �+
,w' _ ' `, _ . - . . . . .: - : . �• ` .` � "�."`� � �� .� .. ^r v�d
� � Y ` �� ... • ¢���� �� , } �' �' �� � w �s' � �
--�"-�---��..� � _ �. �r "r " �' n � . �� "� �w�.'. .
y� �i, rr7'��T v ' � i��� iM
�^� .� �.3. �J�._ " ��"I.J . 'f J,/�
- w'!�k � _ +r;�,�� t. ,.. r' . • e i �(I� ,rp� :`�'��i�.�". '� ��
� .•'d�"� �ar"+ �' < '�Y'�' Js.� '� e � _ - . �� - er','!ii`Y ���'�,
.�'� , � � '_ �y�c'_ xR - _ T � ,. ,�!�h+iur • - ,� , i�* - �,. �'
yY � � r � .,. : �:. : ` '�J4M � . _ _�� �^� - • .! �i . _ �.ea�� ..r .
��]M�'�� �a` �r� - _ _, 1 ��
T X� .^ ,
�-� ,4 . � ,. i �`�`"'��w � �.,` a � _ r �� C`J . .
� I'c _ � �._ -. .:- . � . . I
� � � _ F _� � Y • . . - _ �,. � Y. : F . � ��� _ �� f ���� �•_ ...�
.'r �1��;,��...c .st�at� .r .. . .. " . w'` �,�„ '� "1��� ��� _" .
.� � . , � ��. "'-".�,..��7+� .�,: �,."� ..�
, � . � r V ,� '�+�T r ..- �r«v"1. .; ` �
: `�,��_. ' '. _,��.-'�,,,--a�'-'-'♦ .F.1; � - . , . . .. , _. . . ' . _ . ' � a� , • .
►' - -r� � '�Y^ Y � �'1 � " 1Q �
*��. � _ � ���`�r t� ryi��w _ �.
. r�. � T � � y : � � � "� - �• ` :�
� � - . } a
� -,' �: , . .;; �� � ��` J . �' ;'- .
a , •` : � M��r�- ' r -.r�`..�' ••+..� • . � n °:.
� } = �'Z � � �ti.�'�`��s, �' � ��� � . . ��' �'
�� 1�f i . �� ,, , . � ✓ �x � � k ��� S ��w
� _""� , w�_��.' rj t , � � r �f` 7 ~ . �-` ti...J, - " ' ��Y
- +-' �.-:..� " �...r� ` � � .- - �'' y:. y. � • -� ''�"�'~',,...��..; ' .. . �e C+ .'�- �•
• '�`'�n { � • =4� ' .�.. ���!�Ip�� Y � � + � +7 � ' "+�+�
� ., e�_ .` � - � � . -, '} , ti. 4 , y . � •_ i i��.. ,! _��r"-
�� _ - -'/"�rt- �+ �} "� . • � . ¢""' ~''� �'�'_. � �" ��-
'�S._s"'� � .^!!1/�r � t'Y_.S'y°5��'3"�� �1�' "�s+-i.t''tl4eYf' - �' j � %� �d. .� �� �n� �.
, �'' _�`. s"`t!'_r1- -ie �' .�, �y"'�,-.�,� '��y�ery��'S;`� . ��r'
... : _� . _ 1, ;` �V ♦. - �./ 4 � T i•n..� y �.
. .. _ _ 3 � ..�- .r.�'s-�,a,! ���`' _ _ ���
.y�._ � - " �-sr�� - ' �.` �> � � � y . .�5�_ , '� ir
n" �r^».:a� . ��- • . -.cr,y-
; ��� ,��. .��..
�_,,�� ..�.�.�...,.'-
`; .�` , pr �
"�--. ` .�
- - _ � t . ''�c`a� �, �- '-+�► - .
- _ - � ��� -'
� " _ _ � � _� , ���
�_. " -` � � _-�` '3.r- c"_
�_ �� ��� �� ir x .��� _� i -_.� '
`•c � + " ��iq�'1C" � , ; .
_ �a ''� { F .+��a � � ; f 6 ;.. �
,
� �� i � t � �-��'.�-� a ���:� � ��'� �� t� :
._ � �' , y "e
� '� y � ��Yl��a� - fe s. .�s� "� � .
., �C;� : 'r; ; � i ,� f �F� r i � s� ii� � -`. e 5 �! ��� � z � .Z� _ � +•`
- � y��� j . r � e ,� � . � � C �: �. "a .yr' � '!^ �!7 1 '�� . (. . �_ '
' �'?,''r - f � .,'%� f k` x ..;`�� T �'? � d '7�.�y' � � *� ��,;
� �,.,.� . � ��� . �. } j �°`�� - � � � �`,..� �.
� ��.5 � . ��G�, n ' � �7�' � 3�t, `' � �
`� ��.,{ �j `�"� ��° r..�^ }'.�•
}` 7 ' ' � .�' i'+;�',.1t��+n.��9►r�. a �+��, ���.
� �
�x°...
R�
« � '•�
� � _4��
�����
,�
€�, F
� �. o '
f �
�
f
i
� �
:� �
�
��a� �
cU r U •�-I
� . .—I U
C ' -� Q
� [l. U;
� Rri
' C7 � =•i O rG
O U
C 4 ts -a
� � � �
O �+ t O
�' � � ,� 6'+ Gn �
� ° {J cn �.i O
ra .±: -•�
.--t Q} .tJ
� •� • � U
ri Q1 Q fU
o- � � •� 5 1S} � r--I
�+ �i" q1 � Q1 .�i
:� �� .0 C� Y� 4
C. i�1 ,.0 C; C�
�
-`�i°a��. .
�J
� �� � -�
j a �
aG .
s ;
'"�
�� k � -
� :
� :
4�
�:.
h a �.}
�
��.�.
�
; � + �-e
�`� ,
�{ �
� #:�Y'. x''�..
R
�;:
Lk � � �
;; �; 3
� "
a .«.
"As a boy Char�ie had �xperimented with buiZding small boats
on the John Day, including the ferry he operat.ed. Sy the time
he grew t.o manhood he had saved enough maney �.o buy a boiler,
Iumber and �quipment ta set about buiidi.ng a miniature stern-
wheeler, patterned aft2r the larger boats operating on the
Columbia river. It was bout 40 feet Zong, 10 fe�t high and
,10 �eet wide. �'he pilot house was th ree feet square and about
the same heighth, just room for Charlie's head and shoulders.
H� stood on a platform ta operat� the steering helm.
"During high water Charlie would take m�:mbexs of his family and
the neighbors for 100 miles around, naviga�ing up and d�wn the
river for a dozen arEiles ahove and below C�.arno, demonstrating
his ability as both captaan and engineer. The boz3.�r used wovd
to make steam for the engine to turn the paddle wheel and his
passengers were often obliged to help cut wood along the banks
of the river far fuei to cruise with. On moonZigh� na.ghts al.l the
young and old ala.ke for miies around were taken a}aoard f�r moon-
Zight cru,ises and all night darices. Charlie could play the banjo
and Laura played the specialiy installed organ, and there was
always a fiddler or two for music which lasted vntil the wee
hours of the down. These sing and dance fests were ane of the
important pioneer socxal events of t3ze Gay Nineties E�'ig. 13.} ,
"The John Day Queen was used for rescue purposes during high
water and was also tised as a passenger ferzy at CZarno until the
bridge wa5 built in I897. The river cou�d be forded at the bridge
Zocation in 1aw water, but in order to maka a dvllar Charlie would
warn aZl strangers about (non-existen t) qui.cksand which made them
wil�ing ferzy pa�rons. Local residents and stage drivezs never
botiher�d abont the f�rYy exce�t during high water. At the turn
of the century Char�ie decided to take the John Day Queen down
to Portland and opera�.e it as a pleasure craft. Friends at
CIarnQ offered to help him get it by th� rapids, during the
spring hian wa�.er. Bu� his h�lpers faz�.ed tc� keep the boat ir
the main current at the rapids, and it struck a rock and sank.
The only commezcial navigation of any consequenc� on the John Day consists
of float trips by commercial o}aerators. In 1g76 the Bureau af I,and Management
issued permits ta seven private operators,wha carried 298 persons over various
reaches from Service Creek Bridge (RM 156.5; Fig. 10) to the river's mouth.
Ac_�r3it�Znpa7 i j ��,�r ? ; Snn �� � � �.:sed r�rti ;: s :�� *� t �
.e s�� �e� ic:� o�
the river on a nan-com�nercial basis during �.hat year.�� Therefore a claim
of th� State ta the bed of ti.he John Day would rest an this type commercia2 t�se
and would extend from River Mile Z56.5 to the: mouth in the CoZvmbia.
26
DESCHU'I`ES
The R asin
The 1]eschutes River Basin, exciudinq Crooked River, has a battle-ax shap�d
configuration to the east of the Cascade *4ountains and south of the Columhia
River inta which tihe F�eschutes er�pties (F'icr. I2) . The main stem is 252 miles
�ong and the besin occe�pies 6,253 square miles. uearly 85 pereent of ~Tefferson,
7o percent of Wasco, 31 percent nf t�eschutes and 12 percent of Klamath counties
lie an the hasin with small seqments af Hood, Sherman and Crook caunties. All
of the P7azm. Springs Indian Reservation is in the Deschutes Basin. The main
tributaries, with the exception of Crooked River, fZaw into th� Deschu��s frnrn
the Cascade �tauntai.ns. Of rhem the Z.ittle Deschutes and the '�etolius are the
larqest.�
Streamflaw data is coilected at several points alonq the l�eschutes and its
tributaries as fo1Zc�,�s:
River Point
[Jpp�r Crane Prairie Res.
Reiow Crane Prairie ?3am.
Reicr�� Wickiup �am
(Little beschutes helow F�aPine)
Benham 3?alls
Below Bend
?�ear Culver
(Metoli.us at Grandview)
*�adras
Moody
�ti le
243.5
238.2
226.4
2�.8
Zfi�.4
164.4
i�o.s
13.6
10�.1
�.4
Years of
Recorfl
41
��
40
54
�� 1
F4
26
S�3
55
74
��ean Flow Hic�h Low
(cubic feet per second)
153 484 40
213 117� .9
748 22F30 �0
20fi 3fi60 8
142�1 5000 363
5�.5 2A2f3 1
924 3ID0 48fi
149B 7 530 ZO€i0
4479 158�(7 Z2�0
5$27 75500 2400
27
Streamflow patterns of th� neschutes are very interestinq. �arly settlers
claimed that the river. never flooded or greatZy changed its surface level beca�se
the porous lava rocks in the upper basin absorbed excess water and gradually
rel�ased it. A rise of two feet at Rend in 1909 was reqarde� as a catastrophic
flood.�� Stable flaw was also accounte� �or hy the fact that sno��nelt Aroduced
the largesti flows �urinq summ�r and tende� to be f.airly constant from day to day.
The natural runoff �attern wnir.h witnessed low flaws �urfnq winter freezeups and
�iqh £lows �urinq s�unmer was altered hy the ever increasina �iversion af neschutes
waters �urinq th�s r.entury far irriqatfon nurposes. Much of the �iversion occurs
at Eend, as may be seen by studyinq the above table, and presently law flows
occvr durina summer months when irriaatian nxessure is heaviest.
The �etolius has the famaus characteristic o£ appearinq from �he shadaw o£
Black Butte as a fuZi flowina river. It �as the most st��e runoff pattern of
any stream in the hasin (FiQ. 13}.� This tendency for streamflaw constancy
thrauqho�t the year is similar to rivers in K.lamath Basin to the south and in
marke� contrast �o Silvies P.iver and other streams to the east.
[•'hile the tributaries of the Aeschutes often have very steep qradients in
their upper reaches, the �eschnt�s has a low qradi�nt af �.S feet pe� miie drop in
70
its upper 7i �iles. Similariy in its lower 95 miles the Little Deschutes river
drops on2y 9 feet per mil� and has a sezpentine course reminiscent of �udding
River.�� Zn its middle r�ach, the aradient �f the �eschutes hetween Benham Falls
(]�M 18I, F�g► 14) and the mouth of the Metolius (RM 11Z) increases to 38 feet per
3siiie, �uL Lnen again mociera�es Lo i's ieeL . �ex mi�e wnie� iz maintains �o iLS mouLn
(Fig. 13). The t�etoiius's gradient is a uniform 35 feet per mfle thrauqhout its
entire Ienqth, comparable to that nf thP �eschutes in the same terrain.
The primary pU�p05� of �arly white settlement was qrazing and agr�culture,
hut since the beginning of the century lum}�erinq has h�en the �rimary economic
28
a
0
0
�
(�SHE 133� NI ) NOIldA3��
0
v
N
� O
M
WFlfl dt1IH�EM
0
a
a
c� �i�Niad
CC o
W N
7
� o
�
� � �3AI�Nns
m S�7tld NfdHN38
a
ftd
> o
� ~
3NId b� � �i Q �� B
�
�
1��- � o
� �
x
U
G � � �
O
s7
v� �
��
V
�
0
N
��
\,
Q`
J`' °
q0 �'�
�� �
.o
�
29
� :
GJ
J
�
a
o �
_ �
�
0 �I4'Q NOl"E3d
0
�,
0
M'13kStlN
0
�
�
W o
ti► m
7
_
N o ►�ianew
�
0
0
a
0
W
J
�.�.
O °
m
� �'
�¢
w
�1.� m
0
�~
U
O O
� �
(f} °
2
a
� �
W ti
��
�
�
�
� �
W ;
0
��
_ �
�
I.L�
O
r
,
L
� �.� �� k#._Jr,�' ��
,�` �� . � � � � � , .,,
g ��u
� �� � �' °' ? 1
. 1, F M" "�j7 Y� k � ��n �qY
�� � � :�;�� a '^::� �` �r^�l
z',`� '
� �, a -��
ry �: + �
`•.� � �-r `�,. ' � y� .�. �
�_� � � ������'
� .�« . , ° :rc.si�'s�'�!�"� �� - � �s`d
� �� �� �i�
*'�,�P`''�� r
�" �` "' � ~ �, �
� ��� ��
L����*Yyi �, �•�,`,�
�� ;�
� ' �' �
�+���+ � *"�
�� �-* Y
� .�
, �
' p ' .
i � �� �
�,� ��
� w�r !
�,
� ��
m
�^^�e�"E ,
� � ...
�
` """i' 'i.' '',�i,'w�' � ���'' ���
, ��� � � ��� � a .
��€ �; — i. ��; : t y � �� ,�.,' ' � ,
. , .
,� , .
_ .
� 1 � �,,, . '� �
�� w F _
« '� a '"r, r � ,�
�� � � � �y� � � ... '
��
� + J `� � � , r `
_ � ,� � `'�� �,�'�. .
� � e /� �, y S � ,.,; ...�. M O ���
! 'lJ . Y�Y � � illY ' � � �
• x � . r �• • ti. 1 G �" ` �-r
y �. * � � * �'"'%�F , s. � ` a �
�
.
� j �,. a r
4� ,�� �'� .�� �' � � .
. , ��. � " , wv � a�F � "'". 4�.#� � .
r } ��� 5 ' � ' � ,
i � � s �' 'p fy �a „ �"+•�`y� t� '',� � r ' f` `�"'�
�` ��� � ` �- �'� .°`� � � �''�� 'T'�;��w:�'w
4� i � �` ' �4„�. � � # r u'" �• "!'d Y�� �
�,• '� r . M �'a�. ,� '.�s.. '� � ��`�,�" � T +/�:,�� . �
S r � f..� � � y :. .
� � ,' • • ,. � � :; .*�r� .� , -
..�' ' ' �'`.
!" 4 ¢ � c � . 1!', � � r �.. • � �". �� � � ..r � ��+�j at�' „
�� a <� � � �.r � � . � �'✓"�� .
. 44��r: ,� :, . r A�� re �- d y ;� � � 'b'� �. �". .«.'a �
.. 1�;�' 4 �'� �". �'� : � �
` �� q �,`- f,f
a w S°_
�a� +h, t `r . . r� .
°��� �** ,�� ^ `''.
��. �i �b a�_ � . o � , a` �rr r � J
. . ,
� ,�,+ . - . � . , . ' « a � ,�� .�n ..
� . . . � ���`.� � "'�✓ �'��.T .�
"�' _, " s_ , 4 - i * �,
- ' . S' .;w.yr �'�' �,�" _.a: �� , d•�•
k �.'. '� h6
. . . q � . . ,. ' �. � `•� , h � �.
,�� ..-. . ,
�'i. r�
, ' +.�+.�.�,, '
�� Y > , � .
W.�
�.�
� �
�' ■ '
� � � .
� , ` +��� '
'� .
� ��� �� ���� �
,,, � � �,����+�j, � ,
� ��l�1 � ,�
pursuit in the basin. Mast economic activity is in the middle and upper portion
of the basin, and here �ourism has increasingiy vied with agricu3.ture as the
second most important segment of the economy.
t�av�ati°n
2"he fur trappers who gave the name River des Shutes ma.de one a�.tempt to
take their furs out on canoes. 'i'his occurred on Capt. Nathaniel Wyeth's
second trapging expeditian in I834�35, Wyeth's party went up the river hy
horseback from the Columbia. On I�cember 24, probably in the vicinity of the
present Bend judging by the mileage estima�es made in k►is jaurnaL, they encount-
ered a blowinq snowstorm and lost their hoxses. 'I'hey then "cut c�wn two large
pines and commenced two canoes." They were completed on the Iast day of �he year
and cal�ed by Wyeth's men Black Snake anc3 Triton. On Januaxy l �835 they took
the canoes five mi.les upriver where t.hey encountered a fa3.ls, probably Benham
F�1as,
in attempting �.o assend which got fil�ed �z� watar and a�teri
ward in to�ing with f.he line she broke loase and went dowr� stream.
We recovered hex after a lang xun ana assended again to the rapid.
After reconnoitering they found tha� a few mLies south the river ran smooth, so
our men took our boat up to the zapids anc� spent the resi.due of
[�an uary 2j in getting our canoe pas t the xapi.d most of the time
up t,o my mi.dd�e in this cold water. Had to make a portage at
last of about 1/4 ot a mi.le the river here makes a detour to
the E� and arounc� S ta west to the }alace where we take aur things
a crps s .
Ort the 3rd they trapped and "finish�d making the portage..,the other Boat also
rr�� �+n#�t-inrr A}tf1[TP. t � �}1F� YlPXt'. C�dV �leV
�..�.. .,.. ...,-�.. y .��.... ...' _'-� ----- - --� � +
t,aok a jaun� up the river at about 6 miles straight line S. the
river �orks in�.o two apparently equal streams fal�lowed the �eft
one about 2 sniies S. by E. [Little Deschutes� and returned to
camp tired enough...the river winds so that we have to paddle
twice the real dis tance.
They camped at the farks and explorec� to th� south, b ut there wex'� almc�set constant
31
snow storFns and at one paint the channel froze over. Then on January 12:
Started up stxeam and made 8. 6 mil�s at which point there is a
cansiderable creek caming in from W.S.W. water as warm as t.he
main river and not frozen up. Then 3�iles S.S.E. and campeci.
13th 6 miles W, by N. creek very winding an,d more rapid than
usual and camped just below a sever rapid.
14th Passed the rapid on the south side of the south channel
there being a sma1Z island at thzs place jus t above the islanc3
there is a raft af drift timber which extends across the whoZe
riv�r this we made a portage of fox about 6 rods. at the rapid
I hauied the canoe wading in th� water about was�e deep and remain-
i.ng in it about 3 hours and got quite numb but at �.as� got through
with it. W� then assended the riv�er 3 miles more in good water but
very winding S.W, to make whioh I think we padd].ed 8 miles �o
another rapid not sever...soon conciuded not �o pass this rapid
and returned to fi.rst rapid.
16th Star�ed down �.he stream and made the portage of the fa11s.
I7th Nfoved Qamp down str2am abou�. a mile and found our o�.her
boat wi#h Mr. Richardsan & Rob[in]son.....tney rai.sed camp wzth us
and we stoppec� the canoes where we buil� them and made a por�age of
�./4 of a mile. This severe work in deep snow we then descended
alaont 3 miles and came to rapids par� of which we let our boats av�er
by the l�.ne in about �/2 mile more came ta worse rapids and mads a
portage of about 1/8 mile then immediately �et the boats down further
rapids about �00 rods ta do which I had to remain in the water the
whole time it was after dark when I go� through„ The other boat go�
nearly th rough and gave it up and T suppose hav� camped without fire
pr food. �'he river fa�l.s at each of these carzying places at least
�0 feet.
18th Wen t up abov-e the las t rapid to see the other boat found them
comfortably camped they made a portage of their things and I att�mpted
to run theiz boat empty just as 2 took the Shu� the bow struak a rock
I did not see ehe ewung round fil.led at once anc� commenced whirling
over like a top I hung to her and passed wifhaut futher da.�age than
smashing both of my feet severel.y between the baat and a rock...we run
by the ri�crer about �rvo mi�es and passed some bad rapids then ma8e a
portage of about a 1/� mzle into a slew of the river which we followed
about I/4 mile further then were forced to ma}ce a had portage up a
St.P__PQ hanlc nf lava �hniit 1f1C] FPnF �Yhic rn�taaA ahni7t 1�Q miln wn,�,
then ran about two miles futher and camped...men much tired and
discouraged and wish to abandon the canoes whicY3 � dQ not mean to da
until I am obliged to.
32
�> u
� � ° � � � :���, �
� y
�,� �'�� � � ,�,'• �
_ �
"fi°i w� �aa 4 � w
� +� ,.: �,r �rr�.
„�,,�� � ��,,
�;°", m M^��� � � �
' �'�a,�A', � r. �, « �"� '' �
�,, :�-
'�, . � �
9 �� ��,' Y�
"4 U *1 �� . + '�if ., � � �j
���� _ � `��.� ..
�
: �
K
.� � ' .r
� x�� •'.
� �H � �
� ' , �1
, •�^
� S ;� ' � ''�, A "; :. '' '� � �',� "�' , � � �
� �
„
�,"
� r � . � �.�
w � ;��� i^, ���+�� � �" � � ��� � � ��w�
�,� � . *� � � f � `� � *
���� � �;� ���� ° �; �
r � � � 7 � � � :;,y� .
� � . M.
� � `� X �
� � t �
�
� ���,.� , ��� ,� �'
� � � � +� ' �� � ` �
� � � � ��
-� � � ��i� �� �,r �
ksq , � � ,
, . ,
�^
� � � �
�� 5 � ��
� I .
� � "+I, � m � f: �'� , �r
�., ,� i
� . ,� � ^; P {�
�� � � � � � ,�� y � k " � � �
�y�.' � � � � �"�� � �w; �,�_� ', �. ^
�'' �r� �� '� ,�� � 4�+� �G���k���� ��
' � � r" , �' � �, _
� y � ��. .��� ' �� � � Y� ��
,
• .. , , w �� �; , � " ,� 3 ° ;� � �
°� • . � ���� �� � � �
�
� �. � " � • � � �� , w'� u;
� qqq �'� �� � • ,•� � � ' +' •'� � E
, � .. F �6. �7 � �� +! '�`
I
� ��. p , 1� v '. �� �� � 1i J�
��ai�W �� ud [ �� �� +�{� } - . ,
b 4 � � ^A�� � �4'T � M`�,�'Pr.� i � N.
.,�,, � . � �� , � ' � � � �y h � J �.
7
�f . . . � �� I i � � . .
rv � �
4 �..
�..
'�I � �
� M" �� �� �� . �'. . � � ♦ .
� � . � � � � � '
� X'�.. � � 5 �; � d''� p
�" �� M�� � ��� �,� 1�^� �'
�' �sr � � 5 �, '4 � � ���i � v
'%�,�" � � �'� ,� � � �
� ;� � � p � � �'�
w � #�, s r� � � ��'Atfi , �
�� � x �� ��• � ,� +.
�: � � �'� Sa �s
ii � � M � A�E �� ��' � ��, �, � U � �
,, .
� ,
� " '
� �, � �# � 0 � � � ' „ �',,t j
� ' I�, '��� �'n� .,�. �, 6 '�
�� � `� y !�.�'�y � � Z� -
� e
� '�. � ' . +i �. 5w�
� N ���^ A ��� I � A^ �,����.
�,y," y �..i�� ` �V �� a � m ���� �,�;
, � � � ���
, h d j fi � `I � 1
r; r �
.. � , �. . - r,.�m� .:�r''�v _ .: �� ..
�
E�
�
� ,.
un �
� Y•
S'r ' �f�
{CS
a�
��
tA '
E
"�C �
w•
L�,7 �
r�• �
Gn y. �
I"� ` ' J.
� N
a�
�
33
19th 5tarted down stream and ran a con�inuo�s rapid for about
2 miles we let our bo�ts down about 1/4 mile then crossEd the
rivez and let the boat down a few rads and �inding the river was
pretty much a rapids and falls concluded �o abandon �he boats
cashcd all but out blank.ets books amvnition axe arid kettles
and took i.t on foot Wi.�h about 60 Zbs each on our backs.
And thus ended the oniy known use of �he Deschutes as a hi.ghway foar the �arly
73
fur tz'ade .
Given the primacy nf Zogging in Deschu��s County', and the moderate gradient
of �he rivar there, one might expect t�'ie Deschutes to have been the scene of
aonsiderab�e log driving activity. H. D. Langille and others asserted in 19Q3
that the West and East Forks of the Deschut.�s were v�ry gaad driving streams
durinq the spring fJ.aod, Con�rary to this the early notices of log supply to
Steidl & ReQd Con+pa�ny's sawmil2 on the north side o� Bend and the Pi1ot But�te
Development Company (PED or Bend Campany) sawmil� south of town (each bua.lt in
19a3? indiczte that sawlogs were hauled in bp horse-drawn wagons (Fig. 17?.
'Fhe well known gi.cture af the Bend Company sawmi.2� on the �iver taken by Fa.�ford
in 1947 shows log� in a boom on the river, but this was a holding baom for logs
du�ed in from t�he shore, not a sheer boom tn catch logs coming down t.he ra.ver
(Fig. 16) . Only in 1911 did the Bend Company maunt a short drive to th�ir mi].1
from the canyon above town. Logs were either snaked down tYze bank or sent down
a chute into the rivQr, Drivers aided in a baat and p�;��d off snagged Zogs
unti�, they arriv�d in the holding area beside the mill (Figs. i7-22). TYie
Bend Company again drove 2 miilion fee� of logs down the Deschutes in the stu�riar
c7f i�12� iru't. W�ic��El i.h�Y riau iuxt�ici di.i.vc5 �EfGic 't.i WAIIi. vLi� G� Y'ii]S1T'i86�u
7S
in 1915 is not known.
In 1917 the IXL Lumbcr Company plann�c3 to exploYt the river in earnest. �'hey
obtained a declara�ian from the new Deschutes County Gourt that the Deschutes
Riv�er was a highway for �loating logs and �imber above Benham Falls {RM 18Z,
34
..
4,� ,
!' � _ � � �
� _ - i. �
— � �;��
- _ � � i �
u� ; r _ i
r a�
� �_.a
i' f ..
jk _
� :�: -
_-�.� ser� � , �,
F � � �" 'i . �, �.�:.
�
t '�� � .; S � .
r ' :.� � r
! ;�
_ i� ;;;,�
.. • '� `
•� 1' .
� r �
k -- �
���' .
:/�
* i y' �,.��
a.
. :�> # � � '"�
i�
c �
�� 'a� -
��� J
x � ,
��
;�
�
�. �� ��'
�:I
'
� -:4r
\ t
1 �
.` ,
.� .
��� � �;.
����'
�s� ��
� � �
f � ,}�,.��
��-`.• �4:;` r., ..
. . H �`;,; ;,� .
+4 7 �
1
�'., .
�; ' �
��
A r ! + ' ' ,
�!
��l.�� , � 2 ' � ��' .. �' � " � � .
� �.' 'ry.• '' �� S ' . '_'� �• ,~ � ,y. ',V
p _�._ ,� I ����p vi .
•/ _, + � g� a 1 � � �'' a� _ y � �•
� � i � i��4 �� � �s, _ ���x�' '_ .. �
_ i ,� I Yr . �''� ��, `� , � �
� � • " " � }'��, �,'•' �
, �.
� ;, . , _ �' �:, ,
- �� � ' � t �� }� �, "
* ! _ � t � t�, � .-� � .�' y � y '
�� � �! y�. �{/ , �. �+ . .�
s -� � yy— t �� �, �
'+ �. M�� „
�� "r`' � , . ` � .� � �, � ' . � � + • -, '."'
� � �; � � �i ' -- 91 � � r ' ��,�_� � " Yy.+e� !' � �''/' , � e� C �y�S,� s _„
M 4. • � 4� . 1 �� ' '{ ' ' �� .� '� � [' Y;YY ' z' ^� � • ���f � '-
M '... � . . . , . ' l ', k � - � ._ a �ti � 3 1 ' .. � 7
����� � � - � >. }
Z�- �. i
, �$ • � j � � - �/ , „ l � y ° �` s : ��,s. � �: " s .. :�g - � _ �
Y '�. :� p , ' . I '. / � she � � ° �� � .
`� f._ ,ara `f�� • - � , �, �, , .,�'�"t - , a: ��
\� 4 . j
� .- � , t� ��� � � w K � .. b� V �� ' . \` . *Y� .•�
/� ���� •.N•. . � , � � r3"�L" `+C�£`` �•� i . . � �
x �. rs ��� 7 ' . ti• � . -• ..� q �. � !`'���' � i , L � , .
�} "{ �. ���i. _ 1 �,� . K 1��� �� � . ,. . , � �l
] s' ��Y � r � i a ���; ,�' . ' . �
/ r k ��
/ � . �.�� �'.� � + .. � fi� r � . .
��'. ��.•.;:. • ._r`� y _ �\ � Ff .
�r �� � , ��,� ��F �
C1 f� tz' � � � �� .'�a� "', �,
�17 � '� ^. r W
t� h� 3i' • � rs, , m. i �,,
�' 4u N � '�`� a'�. +a�c
c � w-' ''�.,���'�"""..�°'�"�.,� ;w
rtt kf'. d --� � � , � ., .
� rn , " �
tn �. ,,,» . + ,
O C� � �� ' ��� a � 4 "� ��
u� C7 '
�" ,� �
�•� �' � . . ���� � � I�%, t
rt � r , ;
� r r^► �" � �
� ,•D n , 4 � °; �-.'� y
;� N in (7 i
� r-� � �.,,�.� � � ���
� ` H r�t ��� `:� � g;��i;; �� r,
� � o � � � ���,; �� t � f .°
..� ��C.' 1 '� . , ' �
n W. * ,1 , ' � .',�' �#, � ,
�� �Y���a' y�r q ���'� ,j f I
. � �•;� � � , � "� � �, � � �
� ��� � �, � � '� � �N
� , i A � �
�s �iy'� � �
� � � • . � ,,rr " �� � � � ;
r ,� y � � f^
�'�u � 6� � r�° �, i' ,
'. �+ ,
*' '�+�'��ai�i �. �.
� �¢ � � '.r
� ���r r ,,„„* .
� +� �� . ; ± � •
� � � " � y � .r� 1� ' �
. ��.' � ` �
�' R �f �.
�'
� � � " � "' `� � .
�� � � °� �
^ �� �. , ��: . , M ,,�,
" - � ,�' � � " ,� . ..�,�. � � ��
.°
!�° `' *��` .r'��" '
r °^ ' ,� � � #" � '
'� � a k" l;f� s JVY
� �
>' +� � � �. r6 a
��� � � �� -
.� � � � , � i
. � �. �
«. ',;�, , .
� �`�� ^ �� �
� , � ;� � ��" ,
�" .� � „
. ,��.'� ��� .
, ... � ` }
y M i
� 6� ,�` � � � * � � ��.
�. , �� �, �,� »;
��
. �
� *,
{ �
�'
+�""'
�' �
� " '�i
��
� ��
_- �.
�fi��� �
� , �'• �,
"xu, {
�` � ���""'�: , -
�w �,W, �
� � � � � � .�, ,. �
� ,� - ,4t "� � ±� � �i� n ��� t I � , � .
� �
� , .
. � � _
� �. ��,r �� � ,
� ,
� .w�� �� � � �� � ` � � �,
�
� � � � �
� � � � � �,
�' �� a � �"� �°
.� � �. � ,V, � �+
�+� ,� y � ! � �� �a�
' M ,'��
�` „� �:w , �
� �.
�, +� @" "
�` � �'` ��"��,��� �� �. � ' ��
� ��. +�
�; � � �
, .,� , �
� '� 0. f _
��
= � �'� ,.-.
36
����
� . . +.�
a` � .�
: � +�
��►� I
� �
�.i � �
-�y �;,-*-� _
"� iy.y � ti
.� �, 'Y • ,`� ���
1
f � �
�� .�� ..��'
� � �.
�� � �
►� .i
6 ,� . r
'r''��� x I
�+ � � 4 ' .
���;s
. �i�'��� � i
♦
�' ,. � � . • ' 1� t .
��r� .. � « ��� �. ''�
� �'� ,
,. ,� ._ . .
�w ,; 11r . � . �., a �
l �
+ N �
� ,� � t
. �•..:.�,�.
� �� •r,��
� '�+` ��
� ��. �
�
.. �
�+,�'�M
��-
. � �,.� �r _.� * ' ,�.
c: � .
r� �� � ��� ..
. iF �� y � � � �
�� ��� f /''' � '
�'�� �' � �~ � F� ~ �•��
'�.�� ,� r ;
� i. • N `� v �,
e r ;�• ! �
_�.. �� �
r Y�� 1�. .� + ��� �
`�� S ., .� y � .e
�s . . � �
� � • • ,
�• � ' • � •�
��4, r
T ��� ` • w �
• •/
� * ��; � n �� �f a
�F �.. a . ..
'*:,;,�,� �,�� � '.
� .�v ;, : .a.��. ;. � ' �� .
; � � , + _ ���- f . . `- �
'��"'�' � , . • �..
� a. �� �`�,+? ' M ,
� ��� 1 �\
�. `'�r "
.*'• R . �
���
�. '�Sts � � !> . ,. 4
�� . •w �• :2±} .
�`- . . �
7 . s
.. . + '.
'l"t-�(; t' � � y � ��- -
r- 1 ., � `,;:�,' + �
,��+� �� ��','t.,�i� � ~ , � �..�
. �� � , . 1 1� , .�
�~. � . ` ` � .` � � �
, iL+i r �� � _ � ��`��
_ �� a .
� � . � � ♦ � • �fa •` i
x- ..,,�� .l���. `,,. :.r��'-,��'.^� � �'� y �. ��, �
' . _ � `� � { �. � .'/ Iw+' � � S .. f ,� �� ' - � � r
'��� � '—T . e .+'- � �'`w.. � y. . � .t � S, '
w/�� � � =� ' �' `.�� r'�' �� • ~~ _. '� LY �, � �' �, `�Y�'1
r- 7� r,. r f�, ~. ,. _ �;� � + ti�� � ���.j� w 1� �
_. = J'F, �'�;;, a -•� �?� � ti � .�/ � � '� �
p � �,. ' }�. _ �'��', ,. _ .,�� •'�! � �. � "" a ' � ���,,,,,,��_���}}�...�� � 1 �� , • , `�j�..
�� �� ::. "� 4 . �:���� . e ,� � � :� � � 1 \ - '�,
yr-i :.r-.- }
i � ;�R.�-x..� '�+*�""�� _r..�, .r '�r� � :� � . . .
� Y ` � '� � .. .. ,w« �� "�` � � ���. � y _ yr � ,� - � ;�,�.,.� • • � -
.�r� ' � � . , � •�' �'
� � • � t . . i � r � •�, 1 ' -
�1iY � } . � �. � �~ , r� J'• . ' ` ��. _ �J � .
.-.
. ;
�� � ` �
w• .
.. � � , �:
► � .
; ,
�' y.^�?�4r,�'',' •-� � °.��� .' - � ',r �,� . J� - � .� -' �`� " �-
F �♦ y �, . �' 7�'� , .. � �' _ } f ^
, �^�r . �� , � � �c' _ 1= -• #•�"+
' r � +! ~ l, � � � •' � ^ r .'�� `- � �" �R' ± f�,i..�"Y.J".��'!�C�3 '�, � .'
� '.: a +l�' . . ` _ . s.r .
�► •' .r�:`-"� � •' • ' f�;�. - � :l '• .� • �r�'.` �-'ti:�
r + �� . � . .�+ � �I'�"� .:' '� ,� =S a . .� r . � y�,s : , �yz �� Jr A�'Y� �
. �'� �. , ��s ��, - ,,r� ; • �� w ,.. 4
s f.'" -• . , s; _ .c ��� '7 ��'��
: . ^ ' _'� 's! ' ��� •, �.�. �„ -
' �: .` � w �.� +�. ` ._ , +,,�'1'r'„'}1►*+yr.���--,F Y'�''j�``=^�
� . .�,- t ���, i. ^+ t . 7� �w.. c �� -�}:�����- U►'���� <� ��.r. �
# � .►, i • . � t .. � ' . � ,�. .:.y z�,F �t �; :, j "'��F ."= ` �..�.= . _. *�i " ��►"
' � r - 1 w cY;* n�"- ti'�� � �1� �eCi�� �, �.� � I�-E �Y 1�.4�"'r� .!- �
. , � w � : �- �` ' ��� � � .�'_ �_ ����!r� s •�
�_ '�� y_ �.�-� E. _.r- ' � :i_��14�_ - _ _ � _ �t_'�
2i Y
' .�
,t .-- -�t
,,; ;
s ��� �
, �r �►-�-,:
� -�.�-
,�� �
�'�� �
r'
�lQ• �9• Logs snaked inta
Deschutes River far Ber�d
Company drive, 19I1.
Deschutes County Museum.
V �� � fI � y
�. y. :�, s�� _ .,F .
� �..�� y: . aJ�..'�� `��
�� ��` � � /• ~�
• _� r� 4 � ' t� �
�� +�� '., ' ,.� � ���rr
♦
:�.�:.';-=�-- ,'�►t+.`,'� ;N '�' . �
_. • T� � � �
� 1 . '
� � , �` �
�
�����+� � �'.��^, f 3�.*
I
V
38
�`
��
' �
. � -�
�'��E �� `� ;�1� - ���� !
. � �
� � 4 r . �/ i. , • i
���� ' � } �
: �� ' - f
:
�. �`�}� � . , " � � , ��-�
i.� � r� � ' � � �'.�!
»,�� ` , �> �.
. y • �� �� �� �
� 5r � , 't i . ..' �1 � � f . • .t
�� �� • ` ' � � � �' r a
' . � `!J , I ''�
� �' �-s . i� r + � , i
� -a�F � �j ,) � �.1 ', � ,� ,� � H '` �. � ��
■
i � , � r ' � � � : �y ' S � i ; ►{ �
f � a�• ,� �� � � . � � � ' � t �
� � c ."1 • , ' t ' ' �
• i� , t ; . i ; . �
. , : .� ? . r • Y�rj
�
. ; r �� : �?,•'_ .
.t
,,� � � �
� '�
��' � � ' : ' .".
� �r � � . '* .. � I b '���. �.
:l� � � ,� �=� ��� !�� -
' � ., ; , r { � � �
, . '� , t, •, r ����� '�� ii
f �; .. , ' - -
. � ./ � ..� � � ,� ' , � �
a �,w+�� . ��, •� 1 Ei . ��� �`�`•�1 fF v ��r
, ��^���� � . 1 Y � 1' 1 �' `�� ' �� � � ` 4 i
� � � :'� . � r �;� � . � E +� . r�
� � - � � � - f : '
#'- . ��1, � �
r , �'':.� -. �± ft �
. �: ; ; �, ' ► �' � � ;
� . • j �:� �
Y � . ' . '
��� � � 1 � �
� . , . �.: * ♦
� -� f , ; �f..� �
j E , f �
f/ � i � ,� . . ' - . �.��� �{
� , � . � � "' , !
1
�� �
� �'' . � - ' ? 4 � � c•
� . ' . .. F I� '.%L ��
� f_ f r
.i _ x
� .`� � , � Yt, .
i 1 + a� � ! � i •+' � - ��
` F '� � �}� � '� � r f
� � � �
'' '• � . i r •� `.
� _ � .:. �, �� ► 3. �{' : � � � °:�i Y ,.
7f� M
f
7�" �
r
+ -. �.
.� s . • �
� . �
t� � ►t �
rn � o r-
u�Nn�
n w x -
C � � t�
R K O
� O
O � �
� aw
K � �"�
f"t
G D �A
r �' �
� � �
. p,
W
�
N
Ct
' 1'.7����7 �'�-•- .
� � � ... . ..." art
� _ . :�'�
� .
� r,
.r
., ; . {.sr
. �
.�±� �_� .*
:'I i j� f
a-
1
1 3.
k
�
.
�� �' � �`.
� 1 �,
39
�' � M
�� � ��` * � �` �. ��'• . tiI"i� f�� ��
�' • -��rr�•. �^.� ���� � '., 'Y � �� . .
�' ��� ���;� ( � � � ��� � ��� ` ' 1 ' �� r � �� �'�
y �: w,, �?:. c� � F j � � `
,. � �,� !. ! �; � � .._ r �#��f�-:s i �'� ' i �; ��r
+ .� y . . ' . a- '' �, t � '. � � r
� �• ��, �',� .� !� e �+�.. � r �� +� . •.r'c. �
+ �•�� } � � ��4 �r �. �r � �'3..A�,r�
� ��.� � � '4, � ' �� -1 . '���
� � *... s �� ���� S y ��. F , . • f �`�
� �: ,� � ,� � .. � ��i
� � : �t � �t � �
:r' y+�= `we ` - �i . � � � , .' , !
� � � ,�
�� • � _ ��,; '�'� ` ,� / E � ��`�� ,w � `,
A r � A . �
y i�� e , � � ( , �
�� � ��} � f � ' � � � . . � �
�� �i-. ''� � ,_��� �"� .7 . ' ��
€. �� ft .. ���.
�� � �a,` �;�� `� � ��! ; � f . . • � �
�"'� �� �� ��`� � • � ��
,(� �
„ r �,� �. •;��t , �*�
� k " •
�. F � `� � •y ; � � t / y i � f y ' ^: i.
, � . . � .R �_ � i _ 'rfl4�" � � � •
_ � =�r � � `,� w: "
. � k : ��` j �t ,: .
�� - � �� . � .
,'� `�'� • � I� i'i { ' � '
� � Y_.. . . � ! i � , ;:'� � . v� .
� « . � � .4_ . . � ,
. �' � �1
� . ' �:���- �
• �, .i , � �
� ' Y . �'. �� � ��. � .{.�`i � �
: . -# ..� � � .
� ` , �,�" _ � �;;� �� � • � � � ; �
�
. # z,"!� k ,��;,� � � ,
•, �� 1'" � � �} {L ; 4 ��� � f F � + ��
'ZaC � �
--��~:. �,., s � � � � F�� '`��r � 1
�., ' � r, � ,
`�'` - - -� �; � � :`��
� ��` � � � . ` `� ,� .
�� ,
a s ��
' ,�- � ; � � - � t ,� �
� ,�.. ,. �� � , r , • �
�
��.
� �.
- + � a ,
�T. ._ . ', l t � � •� � '.�, 4 � .. "
' ��. .. � �} `�.t � �( � �. - i��
.. . �. e �
r , r �
� �' � s
.,�.:� i� ; � . �'�
_,'f:�.s�^^ . � � � r � � : .
�.. � � _ '
. � � � � `
� ` ': . �
„� �=��; . ,;� r . � �
� ,,: +��, - � � �4 * �
`�, �., .. �` � ��• � r ' � ` �� `� P�
.,.4� - � , ' � � .� . - �,
�� f � + k , , •�' �'! + + t � 3
�� ��� ' : , � � � �
.. .ir� "t '� e1.i . � .•� ' i' �
. . ! � � 1 ` � ' � •��. �. f� � t t
r 9 � • � a'Y � , �'
� � L • *��, . ,�; i: ' ' �� v°` �
`���l�_ ' ; �'� ` ' j �- �ti i'�
.��� � �'.r ,�F �� [ � t �. - . � T �
C � - � " � � 1► , .. � � � , ' �. • � f
,,� -�. f i � ,
�i A � N jx
. � _ . . . ,_... �. ..
41
Fic,. 14} south to the Klamath County borc�er on both the Big Iziver and Little
Deschutes. �GY Purchased the Masten mill near River t�.ile 42-�33 on t I.it�.le
Deschutes sauthwest of LaP3ne and prepared to ship t.heir lumber dawn that waterway
and in the main stem to Benham Falls. There �Y►e lumber would f�e taken out and
trucked to Bend.�� �an Hollinshead who was �mployed on this venture has written
an arnusing accoun� of its �ailure. Fa.�st the ].aose sticks of �umber piaced in
th�e river to be £lum�d to B�nham �'aZls sank or jammed. Then the lumber was formed
inta small raftis which were joined tog�ther by 2 x 12's to €arm a�rain forty-twa
rafts long containing about a tYsousand �oard feet, This cl.umsy arrangement was
not wel� adapted �o the twisting course of the Little l�eschutes in the f�.at up-
land through which it flawed. Mr. Hollinshead says the ventvre lasted abo�t twa
manth during one sum�ter and then ended. �$
Shortly after th�.s Dean Hallinshead also tooic Zogs down the main Deschutes
from the Pilot Butte area for Schevlzn-Ha.xon_ '1'hese logs w�nt down fmm Harper
Bra.dge to �win Bridges at Swz River (�tM 199-191.5) where they were taken out for
Lransport by truck to Eend. There were three men with a boat an this drive,
though other Iogqing contractors zra.y' have also operafed for Schevlin-Hixon at
that time. The c+�mpany blew aut Pringle Fal3.s (Fig. 1" ) to facil.itate this drive.
Their use af the river at this d�te probabl.y did not last more than one season.
79
Ana�her short drzve tovk �lace to tY►e Masten Mill from a rollway a couple of
miles upriver an the Littla Deschutes during 1923. F. 47. Tomes dc�livered
674,217 feet of logs at the roilway during May and June of that year which were
marked T. C. G.. (Chris) Hollinqshezc3, Dean's brother, a].so placec� a lien �n logs
80
marked W delivered at the upper ro�lway that season.
That woul.d hav�e been the history of log drives on the e�per Deschutes had i�
not been for the fact that at thc end of the Depresszon, Schevlin-Hixon decided
that the cheapest way to bring out thei.r timber around Wickiup Reserw ir would be
on the Deschvtes. A massive drive was �o bring 2E milZion feet of sawlogs down
8 �.
the river from that reservoir during May 1939 (Fig. 23} :
4�
0
<� � - � x � �,' � �� �� �.
� _ ��Y � ,� . r ��
" �' ` , ~ � '� �� ' � ° I �
a � �� � + � � �\ � j [ k �
_ a + S
�i + �� � � �� A � '�. ���� � � 1 I
o �: ' �*` ��� `t . r `� � �
�
,
� �• . . t, � �,, : ,�
� � ,�
� ;� . �
o � 1� s�' � ►; � ' �'
� . � . �� - a .�, �_ �,.. :`.,-_} .
d .; .
"q w .
�• • �
� � .
}
� �:•-tf- '� E�'�
i
� ' " , ff •
� � .
� r �
d ,„ -. � ' � � ,
� . ,t.. ..r��rt �� ..�-
n =�,r
G " `�+ �
fD
�
� � �� �
y � a � � - r�:� . �.� -�
� a m �• � ����° . ,, �
ro � n � p ,,,� �����
� �' � '. t�. `4' -?�i�" ' �'"
r• -^ � n� cc , �f
� 4 rr � �q . y �',� �' �i � ,'�; .
r9 � te � �"�� � ` �� '�,� , i
�-�����
� � . ,� �.,�
n r � '�, � ��}i,::
:�
a 'CJ w s' .;1:' �. ,��v
• � � {...., ' �� � J.
� � _. !�,j� y
rt i-.+ r ,,�►`:¢� .; r � .
�4 :4 �'' ' `� �k "' � .
� � `"�: �,�'
n . ,� .
� � �.� ti, •±�.+. ,
a' � ° �� :� �; ',
r- cr � ,.�
� � y �; a
� '
�
•e
�
� � ..•`'�'°'`{• � :'�,�,
��������t�� 4 �' �� .
� . , i
`� �� ����� • � f r ,.' " y � � .
� � � � � i ,r�' S '. , . = i ,
..rj � �'' ' r / � , _ i ;� ..
. 1' � � G 1 # 3 4.,, }'
� +` ' � � ;'� ; ,��! ; ' . ��
tD .,� � � ]� �� ` '. �•� �
p. ` ,: . . wi ;,• r :e3'�'zi ' � ;
tD . _ f r �.�ja� � - .�-..y-� � �`
� N�x . ;..X'" -'- , .
C �,. :c: •' .+* � � .. 1
�p � +- �[ ar�� • . i
sD �;tr `�- i. �:�� i
g. � ' � � ' .� .{ � �
� ' .
� . � :
�
-1 .
%�
��, a
+ J
. 1 ,:" '_ r i�i
M,'� � 6� �
�. Y .�'��
�- -
r; i
� 1 f.
�` �
i ��
�!- �_
��
_�� �
�!;
Ra��
��
� � � r �
� � �,
� N•
� N ,
C '0 w
rn su
w �t • � ' r �
n [n �;.,
� fa 3--� ` , � .
ri CO f=.
�7 C w '
� 0 �D
p � M• G
� ;� � �'�- . . * ' 4
b � .r. . R;..
� .,
� s� '��� �� �
o rt . � � .
Q C . , . ' ,
�t
. Y `
� 4 y � �
O ' _ �� � ♦ :�_ �
� �, 1 t �'`'� I , F
. e � fi � Y ;�. ! �` r �
�� '•� �j*c t � � . ' �
�� ✓,"�' 1#� � ` • `• ���,
� ` � � (� • �, � - ` 1 � �
���� �1 �. j . . T � '. �� �E
6� i �l �y���� �
1 ' � 1, '�� ` J � `�
�`, _ `. ��� ',�' ` '� T � t �
T • � n � 1 ' t
!r • , . � �.� � ,l ��
1� �. ' � ` ���! ���' ''
.•,• � ' ;►'�'� �` � .,�.
' � ," ; .-i �' -�;< <' . ' ►' � + ,
, , i-:;' , � :; , �. . , .; •� r ;
� � _ �- . �;..� �� �� ; �,.
� ► :', i � ^.; ,. � � ',� � 4 � r t �.��� k
, �" r � ��' � ~ 1� .' i �r i i,'r � � �. �
� s � %'j`�� .l � � �:' � `' t , ;�. •�
1 �,,,' f I �� _ � �• `� i . ' � � � �� � � )
�-,� � y �`i. ��1 f � �� �" � ' ' ' � , j
+ � „��', T . � � 1 � �'.'l � ! 4 , � '�� �
� ' \.�l , 's � ' i a ,ti � ' � �}
•� .�� `+ 1 1 � � � ! � � � 5 it � i '� � #
,' ,f� '�,�}� ; � ' +. � ,���; �,
i � � ' � ; (. . ,,� i + �. � ; ''�- . ti •
> �6 > j } � E ;,
��'� �� � ' , •� ` ,�.� I tr, ., ti
� `�` ' �r� �} , � ` -' ��� ! ��, r � �. � ,;
�l'�.�� � i � �'. � ' A � �i' �; ` �� � �}` � ' � �,�
���,', ►{ .L; �,�; 'I '�
.,�.,-� � 3 •' ,� , �.I � i�. � �{ ;�. ► �
.. 'v a t ' �' i � � � �3 I
r_.... � ! , i �
� ' ,�. , �' -' ` �,, � ��-��.
rv � ��� � � � . .�� ,��;�� � ��,��'`'' ���
.; �, �,,., , r� � j ; i ' ,�� : .:�''� ,�,,' `
'�I .. s ;� E ,'. �'�� �, r �;�
�:., .� , � !� I � � - I
� � � � � i .1 ���, i .� � ', �' � ��
• `j i �� �� ! ` �'� ' ' ' �' �� 3 � :
( R •� � ,'•'{ � -� � f . i' .,,ta' , '^.I
` � .1 J � 3 � ' 1 �'� � j , � 1 i f�d 4 �
r+ . ��y I �1 ltH � .(� , .i..�l�'� �,
^ f A
i ' �,� ; �1. } , -�j. ,�
. , � � ��. 4 f � r � � ,� .; ; �, � ,,
j � ; ,�� T x: t
� � � E �'` � :�� �� t .��,i.� s";�
i.s 4 � ,` '� }�� { � �..r.%�,'� '�-� � �'..7
,� i� ��{ i��� � ��E� � � �s����,� ��
i;
,� , ' 1 ' '-i �,; �' _ . , � a ' ,� �
- i i r r�� . •�,� �,. ,p p i
r t ���,� �`�tj �-, , � r ' ` .��i� ,� � ?,
. _ • i �1i' I f +:l ' d � , ., '� I
r �+'
: _+'�� �
i � � '. 1
' "" �� �t-' �! �,Sl1
_ . _
.w
f ,
�
: �::. ��;,.
=�.�r
i�se.r:
G
�s� .�...t��{'�
� � �� i
� J � � �
^,:.r�� .
� �
44
.
; , •.
'�": � •
" � �a
M, � � ^�; � • �
.� '�' � ��, ��' � 4 �
, � ,� • � � ��*,
� ,�e�,,� �, �� y.,�, + �
'� . . �*' t s�, � •'�' � � � ' •N • � � a � � �' • ��
,. �. ;' i` � �'�'. �: ,��" , . "
� r M .„� ; ,
, + , ,`" .! � ,� �` �il •., + . ► . .,'�
� y ��� ,�w �, .� e Y � �����'. ' ' '� ...:#��'� � ,
� ""+11`A� "",��;- �` .. "�•e ;�,.. , a . .,�, � 1
: � .. _ - ,
�- --° : �-,,.�.„-...�-. .. . _ � .
.x �. ._ ,�.,..�. . �.. -.,... _, _
' ..� * " - �, � ` �°„'. ;.,`.� " �- _ . � x�:' . . �� ' „,
�,�, � "�` � ., . .
�
,�W:dk� "�"'� � ,�'"• ��.� , �.� � . . �
_
��
N
. „� a�
s,. �.
,«. .�.� �v.. �
4
'�"i. - '"P .r`
,�. ,.. .. . � ...
... ,�...rrr,.r .. . .. ,... �
_ . .
� � - �'",\:i,;' .... . . . �_ �
,� _.. . . . � ..w4�...
_. ��
_ _ . .,5. ; wfii -. � . _ ..
.«�..... ' N .a _ ..
� �. ..�°� �in''Yp�� _
� � �
�
.ac�'�
. ��� . _ F
r ... e - � ��..
_ ..... • an «. `�wWV - :
i .
.. � ,m.�.. . ':.,,. .i, s :. '.s.� "
� 1
+
� "r :� i"�-' �i' LI
�A -� ?'er •
_
,
� �t
r
�
� ..
._ , .
� , . - . ,
- ' LL �,y,_,w,. . f ^ � .
�
. ,
° �
.
" �
.^^ „ , . ,�t W
� r
. f _
. ,.. —
y �,�, . . ' ` ,
� ..,, - r�.�,X , t' ' , . _ .x. .
_ . ._y >
._ - "" _
,P,,. ._. .,r.� . .}"'�'�'�.� - � " ., � � .W
_ ,�� ,
.,,, . . r - . . .� � .. � �
�.
�, » .
s �, �.,:�.,.-�.�^
° �r�,,.: - ' �." " .�
W � �
. �, . ,,, r ,
��� . � � w�. -- � .�
,. .. -,.Y.. � - .�
r � . . �"�� �� ..� r
� _ � �
�. ,�
�
�rr � � �9
,�r ` wr+ •�' "M�, ° ' * �"^�e
.,,, ,�° k .
t
Fig. 23b. Shevlin-Hixon's �.939 "' ° ��
•�� • �
loc, c3rave a�o�e Priz�gle E'alls. �,°�
Wanda V'�atch �Zark photo. „�„� w �#;� w � �
45
�ol '�r�sterson was kina of the rivPr c?rivers ancl could nat be
surnassec3 in r. idin� a loq r1c�wn the r�any rani�s of the ""etolius
and �eschutes rivPrs or rowin� � sm�ll ���at ti�ith nrovisions,
be�?dinq, and camp outfit �f�nen fal�owinc� the ].oc? �3rivers which
nvmhereci six to eiah� men.
F'.•y Ge�tember, however, 8�0 �oc�s were sY_ill hanke� where they hac� heen ct7t anc?
��;asterson anci the car��+ caok �1.3ceci liens on all the �cxs .
�esi�es sQndina ioc�s to the t�urhar^ �c Cow�es sawr�ill f.r�m the r?etoli.us, Zoqs
were a�sa sent from the "•"=etolius dc,wn the �eschutes to a sawrRi�l ne�r the mauth
o£ Tyqh Creek.��' F'�rther dawn the river a s�ort-I�ved sawmill in Harris Canyon
(Rt� 12.3) is also r�portec3 to �ave received Iars dowr, the reschutes for at Ieast
87
tW0 SEd50R5 {�"l�]• ��� +
In i�:?2 the ?2ivar Loqqinq S?.umber ^ompami of L'ashinhtan State ap,plied �o
the ?���.ic Service Commission £ox a franchi�e ta �rive the '�etolius, trrarm Sprinas
r Peschutes Rivers to Kaskela (RF! 79). nant � T?ussel] whn owned timber in the
"�teto�ius �•ratershed objectec? and thP ���licati�n t��as �efeate� on the nro�inds that
th� company was not incoroorate�? �n �rerran. �eorqanize� in �?reaon �s the �eschutes
Pine �`irzl�er C'ompany it investP� S 15 , 0�� i.n the improvement of the ?a�tolius before
the onset af th� C�reat ?�epression greventec� them from huildina their sawmill at
faskela or c�riving �ny loas.��
In �.uqust I933 a further propasal to c7rive the r9etolius and Deschutes was
m.a�3e to the Puk�lic t?tilities ComrtissionPr hy the L�'estern Fine i.umber Comp�ny.
Tt�e com�3ny requestec� a rranchise to drive the ^Tetali�is from its snurce to its
w�oL�th and the !�escY�u�QS frnr^ that noint to a?�nom neax' �outh ,T�znction (RM B4.5) .
!1T1 tf1P. �'leLp�1�15 LtOS?! �LTE°F'L �_Y��R lr�i il! uur�i�ih.Vci � �i7c czjrt�. .�'..F��'Wy}-�t i+hu±�
loqs could be �riven without any river i.m�rovements. ]�bove that tributary the
��tetolius would probably have to ?�e �eeaenec� in niaces. 'I'he ncschutes ?'ine
"'imber r_oMpany conteste�? their optimistic �rojecti.ons. '!"hcy helievec� that sand
�7
x n �
�.. � � ��' .' � � � ^ �,� �'� y � � ' � F b � �� �� t � � �
� � � � � � � �"` ,� �, � ��� � � �
` . � + � � �'�ka s i� � f� ��, b '� r
� � � w �p��' � w
C f� � M � `„;� � ' "�' k � �� �w d o
fr. }-+ [7� �� ' � e ,��',, m � �..
f.1• :`� Q � w '� �n S � ,
� � f
J �„.
'�L7 F�. � � �� � � i b �,�.' � } �� � � � � � � . �s� � ;�Y
� � , � �
fl r � � +� �'� �,.
t# �C ! � " 4 ' �.p .
� � � � � ,� l .
�• � � { �"�'� • �" �
� � � �,. � � � �I� �lu�- �
� p� � �� � � � � �� � � �
� � � � � � � � ! � 1 �M;�•� t "��w , �
Q'� �j +, � � y �° � y ` �.1'
i �
� �� � �I � I � � Mo-+
W, ' �" � � I �� � �" +� z r�, '� � �
� � � f !� , y ��
� �� i �� ��p..» �
, h � �`, �"
� + � � �'
� i '� �� 91 �� ��I� I' { 1� �° } ����������
yl
�"
� a �� R
d p` . � d
� ` h �} �� � , ` � � ,�
� �� � ' i �� � �',a
�� � � �� r � � �� �� , ����"�`y� ��
�' �� ��� kA � �.. �����
+y �
� G � � ��W�1b � ��� � r
� �M �� � � � „� � �"^�� �'a�� w'� t
�� � �� �� � �� � � 1 °F�', r � �
f '�� f r � .� � ' � � i
�, . ' � ,� �, . �� .
� � � � �
I ��
�� i
; � � y � i.
� M � �
;�� � � .
P � �
��t 4 ' i i�� � .d� .
�f� � � � ��I1� �� $� � y f�� ����'� I �� ' ��� � .� I�
� ��� � A � �
R � Y f n
' ' y � � � � k �� � 'I ���..
� � �,� � � ������ ��
i R� �
1'
� � `�� �
r
�� � ��"� � �, ; .�
� I ,:�p � t � � ��i u �
P k P,
� � � }. �
�
� � ;+ �
� � � y � � � �
� � � n � � ,� ��
�� �, ���'�"� .�� �� ��,
r� r .
1 �
! y I � ry
� � ' � 7,
w
� , ��
� � h m
� . � 1 � i..��
�' .�. ` R I� 1� � � .� 1 � �T �,
4 � � ,yy �
tl f ��
� $� µ � f 'N
� y � L
� . � �
� ���� y ��Y - "�� v � � ���
V j � ��.
W�� � i
�"M�' `b
r
'r - �
�, ,
� �$
ry n k
� � � M4
k
..�
d��# k� . �a�` ��
� � �
! p �, p,
�F �I / i
1,u;
X '`� e ,�, i , ,.
�,+ . .� . .� „ , ;.
48
��V�� i�°���� � � � ��
� '. �
� �, .
�� �� �� <�� � � �
��. �t� `� �.
�� u .
�� � � ,i
� � �
� N° �� � ��
�M ��', ,a 4
i� r
x ��H� k� I. ".
�� �� � �" I� � 9 .
�� ��� ' � � � ��
� ' '�. � � �� 4 � � �
� ,�
y �� �
. , r�u 4
�
'*'r
� ' �V
' , � �� ��
�' S �� `
,��� ����
�. "�"� � .�. ,
� �
.. � �'� F �. ��'
t '� ` "'�
�"�' �.'� , •� �
� � �'��5�
� ��
F ?���
�Yfl
��� �'��
'� 1 1 •
� �x�U ��,� .
a ��'�.�'�I �^� .
`w��� �
,� y
�
1 "
^� b 6
�"� � �i: �
, ",+�
�
�r
� �
r
pt "
+
I�
I. #
IIF '
X k
�
�� ��
����� � � � r
i�
i .' � ¢.
1; µ
� ���':
� '� ��,"�
��
�
� �'� `
�p.! '� 1 . �!
.� ^'
�a � + ,
,�' ,
�"'�
� � , � .�� � �
r� �'
0
k n � '�' ��,• , ti�
� Y�
r t`� �.
�i*'
, r -
r ''° -:���
� ��;��° ��
.�,, � �
�����„�
� ,��`�'° �� �„�, `�
°r„, � .:,� . r .
q_ , r���
� �, ��', .
�' "�'��r �f'� �,��, ,
�'
, � � '� ,'��' : �, �
�, "��,�" `'� `.
r ��" f .� ��
t • ." '
r� �. f� ,
� M � ' . ;�.`+
� � " � 7 *
, ,�� ° V � w • +� o �,�u� ..
� y
� . z� ;
�Wwfi
�M
� . �� �'"'�.
� �" W"`�� �" '
�� x � 'r�•�� �
R �� ��� .
,�d" JI� «'�' � , +R ': :n
�,
��� .
�� ,
,�„� ` t
,� �� r � a � + �
��' 'i 4 � �°��
� �' � �
�. � � fn... .,
t,,"'' ti �I' �_. 1
;F �
v A � ��
�� ,
. �: � �r , -
� �.
��� � h M � �� ,.t�^.,..
;� � � ,i, �,S�Ix,.'
�¢' � � �p �i
�� � � ��
�, Y A .
+
� , � ��, `.
� � � � : y , �, ;,
I�, �µ qs
,, �
y� �. r ��
��. �� � �. �,�
zi
,. . i. � �
d � "� �
i��.� I . � 'X" ��
4�
�'
7 ,p. '�,. t �';
p�,��,��,
� ��q ,
„_ .6�� w;�" �
�' ' � �i«
$ . „�;�
1 , " ;w �
R
e , �
.,� , �
� � �: :,. a �
� ���
�'��
�°��
A
�.� �; .>� ,
� b y
k y / � �
i � �
� �� � �
w
� �a�� *
• +t. ' �
�"
»+�
. �� �
��� �
m� ���
"y � ,
��
�
�
0
r� -
�
��
.� .�
S-I W �
� .1 L�
{] fi3
� [Il CY
y,� yT� , ,�i
C-1 +� �J
� �
�
K.�^, 'k� y�
,ry Q r f�
�, �
. � r„ �
:a� .-� rr+
� � � �
bars would impede drives and that a great deal of money would have to be spent
ta cxeate a safe booming gx'ound given t�e swift current af the Deschutes. 'I'he
89
fzanchise was no� gra:nted.
It is of interest �hat the river reaches they proposed to use included some
which had previonsly been meandered - the lower 3Q miles of the MetoZius, River
Miles 5�-1Z4.5 of the Deschutes, ar�r� *:he lower I2 mil�s of the Deschutes above
the Co�.umb�a Ri�er.
PE;;i�,ATION
According to George H. Gcdfrey, wk;itewater bouting of the 17eschutes did nat
begin uritil. �.938. At �.tie present time, however, paralleling the general growth
of t tourist i.ndustry ir; tr.e Descht�*_�s Basin, h�av�� use of t�his ki.nd is made
o£ the Deschutes.�� puring 1979, 71 c°a�nmercial r�i�es obtained �ermits �rom the
Bureau of Land N�anager�.�r.t tc u�c rhei � 1 ar�ds and faci�i�ies whiie on the Deschutes
River. (An additiona�. n�er of guides who do not use BLM tands do not register,
so 71 is a minimum number.) They accaunted foz �.0,276 service days of vse of the
Deschutes duri.ng that year� a ser�ice c3ay being one persnn �or a significant
partion of ane day on t1;�: river. A�o�-t of these persons carried by commercial
guides were faZl steelhead .�isherrner: on the laaer 25 miies of the Deschutes. Hut
nearly 2,300 whitewater users weze carried by co�rcial guides fram North
�unr,tion (RM 73.7) to Macks Canyon (nt�: 23.6) from April 23--Septembe� 30, I979.
Other guides ran fram Peltcr� Dum ;�;"�: :.02.5) to t�e mouth. The number af gui.des
and their users had almost exactly doub�ed in the twn years from 197'1 when 34
�.�..�- on� ci�ororl o�i �-h RT.A�1 anrl ar-rniznf-ari �[1T 4_� ��i CPYVI C'P C�dVS Of 11SE {F''1Q5. 24.
1j11 1biGa ��':`ys..a��.L�.v �rywa .w�.w•. ...�..� .�.......w..�...r —..� - _�_.___ . f _ . � .
92
25) .
A� t.he present �in�e fishing cr� �.he Deschutes ai�ave Bend and the Little
Deschu�.es is goor because of the river's irrigation use, so commercial guide use
of this a�ea is nat as extensive as cn the Lower Deschu�es. Outfitters da con-
siderab].e canae �ivery sezvice or. the river belaw Wickiup Resereoir and a few
�arties ar� taken on various reach�s by paid guides. In the 3 I/2 m,zle s�retch from
50
Dillon Falls �o Lava Island Fal].s (Pt� 174.5--178) the S�n River Lodge Marina
takes about 3-40Q0 persons on whit�wa�er raf� excurs�.ons annually.
CON CI.�US I ON
The principal basis for a claim that the Deschutes is a hiqhway wou.ld be
activities of commerca.al guides on the stream. 'I'his commercia]. use has been
supplemented in the past by lag drives on certain s�r�etches of the river. On
this evidence th� State has the basis for a cZaim to fihe bed of the main ste�s
af the Deschutes from River Mile 237 in Upper Wickiu� Reservoir, the Little
Deschutes from River Mile 45 just over the coun��� lz.ne in Klamath County; and
the Met.olius from P.iver Mil� 14.4.
51
ow��� zu�R
The Owyhee rises in northwestern Nevada and Owyhee Coun�y in southwest
Idahn and then farms fi2.5 percent af Maiheur County in �e sautheast corner
af Oregan. (Fig. 26; rialheur Covnty is largez th an any of the New England
s�ates except Maine.) The Owyhee cuts a deep canyon of varied geoloqical
forma�zons through the Owyhee C3pland (Fic}. 27) and Mahoqany Mountains. The
surrounding region is arid grazinq land and is very thi.nly settled.
There was an importan� ferry across the river during the nineteenth century
called OsayhEe Ferxy neax the present Rome. It was on an importan� mining road
between Baise and Winnemuca.�
The other commerciai use of th e Caayhee has been 'the recent development -
since 1951 - of professional guides carrying taurists down the river, principally
between the old Owyhee Ferry crossing and the upper waters of Lake Owyhee or
Hol.�-in-�he-Ground. ranch. Each day from April �lzrough June, a party of
whitewater rafters or baaters descenc�s over this rout.e (Fi.g. 28) . This is
after �he spring flooc3.s when the waters are still high and rela�.ively even-
flawing from snawmelt in the headwaters and when �e�eratures are warm enough
for comfortable camping. From 1975 to 1976 the number af boaters who travezs�d
tliis ri.ver section approxisnately doubl�d fra� 2,182 tp 4,180. Lesser numbers
of kayakers rnake arduous whitewater runs from the Ic3aho and Nevada borders down
to Rome. Many af the bnaters are in private parties, but some thir�y odd guides
presently register with the Bureau of Land Manaqement to run this area. '�is
recurring la�e spzzng traffic makes a measurabl� contribution ta the economy ot
this physical�y enormous but sparseZy settled precinct af the State. The State
af Oregon has the basis £or a cZaim to the bed of the Qwyhee because of �his
r.oinmercial use from Rr�me {RM 124) to the uppex Lake Owyhee (12M 67).
52
. „��
.,. �
�` ' " �m�
,. ;
� ,
,�,, � � - . �.-
,� r,; � � , �',
� ; � ' � ��' { �` . e � � -�`"�"'-.
... , .
,
T M �� �` r � . "
1 W
.
�+ ' J � f
, " _ � _ „� � y., �
� �,� - � • . ' r_ .,�
���� ��r � � � _ � � .�� �� � � `� �
� � � �.
� � . y � _ I �.,..,� B ����� � '�."�� ,r„"�r .t+ � * +.
_ �� # �""�� � � *�
�. ,�, +-�.ta•p3"7� - � . ..�
Lia'i� �� y .�. ^�' � ,� �' s--;��� x;.
�' � .�,�"'"'� " �,� e ,�:���, � � � � � ��' �.
,,� � >�, �;,•'` „ � ��o
�� ,; . . �
M�
"` `�; `�` � �'�� � .��" � .,
�"►, � a�k' � �r��" b. � '� " i�
�`
� �
�
i
��
a�
�
_ y � . ,.�
�^ . � , �r� a� w ti
�.� +� � � • ` " �
.w
a ,y `n
�
� . �„ , . , ' ��, i�
' . . � °�',�, � �. �� � . : µ r N � ,.
..� � . , . .. .. � �r�..er4 ^t 'e
7C".
Fiq. 2'�a. C:halk Basin fc�arxnations
app-�si�: I,ambert Rocks. RM 99,
Nlay 12 , 19 84 .
M,. -
�s r i „�r., � i
+;�� �,'' ���_.;. �
� � .. .
$ Y�t ,
�1f +�I� _'.�A�1�1�9fw'' _ ���_
,
• y n_ y � �
�� � 4,
. . � .. , r, . . '� ar�:' .�, � � k
,, , � '` i '
xa�. � > *� �t r ''"� r�a � � � �r'
�' � � , � +� �
..�a��nw•W =�° �,a.�.� ,.�- i � ; �
s�tii�'�`,� .:"«'�°^.�. � �
� ",� � � � " � "�
��
�u
e�� ��
,
�..,5� m.
� �
, �� ; � .
, � f �� �' „� �?�����;�
��' . . �� �"
� �.r�,.. x� � � ,� '
„n ., , � � o
'�s�� 5� �. w. , � . �,. °*'" �� "�'„ � . �� ,
. n ,,
,
�` , .
"��taaa3n '
e _ .� . .,.. '
�
� _. ,
� .
� _ . . ��. . w . .
. ,.. , . ��n . .,
.
�S"^�,!�!" .,,. �,. - _
, � .._ . . . .. .. . - � . .
� . � .. a'v�"" "�,�� ���'�5�'«""�'"�"< . .
"'a�,m z u '��i�< � '�"'�+�' H !4�; ,. , .
� �°+�.�,w c.�Tx t ^ � y1 �y �„� ° � � ��� , .
� „� ,�� � � ��� �
��� tl'����+�k� �� � �„e, � �` y,.. .: ' „^�� �' N�.� � � � � , .
� � � � � � "'��'� �. h �� *tA.� + 5 � . . . . . .
�.,�L � � �� »xi�� � ��d �tt �.: �°° "- a, .. . ..
� �.-. S.,.w� . .. � . , . . ., i� m, ��s .,. � . � � . ..
�'ZC��� L�' FAJ. �W�1.4�� ���� n���'��
Whistling IIird Rapids, RM 91.
NSay 12 , 19 80 .
53
y �y y '�,(' Q '. y � y�i'^q d '
a ^ 1 ���I'� ,"� � W+` d" i
ry � � f � ♦ �. 31 � A yr .' �71� b,
a�� M, � �� � �� µ � �` � �� � �,�
� �}p�^`r°���.'�. �.� � . �u �,� y".:�'
& ,: � � '�� � � r � e ` �
� � � � � � � �. � ,
� �� � �• ��� � �m� +, a -. . �s �� �
� . '�" �r,r�+ d i"+� _ s�.
'"^ � � � � ' .nr � <,
�', ��'� � �, � � �..�.� i.' � � ;.
*�M���* .,+�,,. . � ;-� �' " h, s���
� � �`� � :�� �� � , � � � � � �
. � �� � � n�.�, �,�'' '�� w�_
� �"�' .. . .3Mo-.� "� �,� �." .. ��, x , �,,.,:::k. '"
�,.
, ,� .:«�w
� � .
. . ��.
� .
—.� �a
- < .
.. _ .. ,.. . �, . .. w . .
,�r . . . .� ,_ . ,. � � . � y . � '�.:�......... � �
�
, � wr
�,... .�,.�..-°-,: � , . ,,:..r.. .
. �., . . �+,,,,� � . . . �... . w -
�^^ •., r� w" . . � .,.,.�. ,,. � � � �� � . .. _, ,
,. w
..,.. . . ,�� ....
, * *
� � �, �` , �" ' . ,
���� .. � Y;�Us � . .. - .
^&'a..� w .. � ��.� ¢.M� �� :�" .,�Y .. � � .'
4 ^
s .� �'.
�� a, � �
� �. � . ,.
.�,� � rv�:'°^�' � ,��s���� �" • .*;
FIC�g i�c�. �']1S��.1.T1 Bl�€�
Rc�p '1 [�S r RMl 9 i� .
i�iap 12, 198(l.
� ° ^�a° y , '�4.�. � '4`3F.a� � �. �� �e' ���'� .' , _��,�. . .� � �': °�� �°�""e
,
� ° �� � .��,.� � �
,�, a ; , �„� ��'�` "
, "�,,�"�y y�
�� 'y �r g `# � � .. -� � �. �, ,� +' ��� ^�',� � ^ .,�� � ��,�,�
� pp e 11�4,' I ., F N'W � ��'� � 1' 4 g�
m^ p
�� � `�, M � �� '�, i1� �� s �� f �w^ � �y � �, `
� �
,� � �„� w ,,� a � :� � ' � 1 �
� . �4 � ���� ���d� � �.� %� � � � t � *Y t ��'�� �� � �� � �Pi� ��� � � ..�.
s -
a �.. ...�, �°_,� u .: '�dw "W;. a _ .I'�' �' �. _ . . . . - .
i ���. �?»����,
��
J"
54
Fig. 2�. Emerging fram Iran
Point Canyan, RM 87.
May 13, 1980.
M1�LH�UR RTVEI�
Use of this ziver for surface transport has been minimal.. A sectian
on the upper river once had spZash dam I.oggzng far a few seasons, and on
the �ower riv�r Rinehart's ferry operated in the 1870's. The folloowing
narra�ive shows that efforts to use the river �a bring out furs were almost
as unsuccessfuJ. as thos� on the Deschutes;
Abau� 1.898 Pat [Jay D. Fahy] came to Or�gon with Fred L. Gregg,
who was re�.urning to On�ario from h�s £orm�r Alba home. TY�e
next spring the two men went on a trapping trip along the North
Fork of the Ma�h�ur. After securing enough beaver ta Zaad a
row boat they started down the ziver fram �eulah [RM 18 North
Fork and RN, 9'7 Malheur River] to Ontario. On the river txip
the boat upset and thEy lost mos� of �heir provisipns, but
managed ta save their beaver peits.
There is not even boat fishing on the lower river at the pz�sent tim�,
hecause a� the adaerse effects of c3ams and irrigation diversion on flow arsd
water quality. Therefore no section of the Malheur is ar has been a
navigab le wat�xw ay.
55
T,AKF' CQLTNTY RIVEF�S AND STREAMS
In April 1.979 the La)ce County Commisszoners questioned the navigable
lb2
sta�us of the autlet of Dog Lake into Dog Creek and Draw Creek {Fig. 29a).
Drew Creek f�.ows t�.Yirough a forested area and is simiiar in character to other
smal]. st�reams �n Oregon which have been succ�ful Iog driving s�reams. Inquiry
a� � e Lake County Courthouse, Schmink riemorial P�useum, and Lake County Lihrary,
hawever, failed ta revea7. any intormation about the use of either stream for
loq drives or any other navigable use.
Thes� inquiries did lead to the further suggestion that Chewaucan River
had been the scene o£ log drives. This strean� (Figs. 29b, c) is even more
suscep�ible for log fZotati.on then Dog and Drew Creeks, an.d the river d�a�.ns
inta Paisley which i.s presently a laqging and forestry center in the county.
Despit� some hearsay t�stimAny that the river had been so used, Paul Brattain
who has 1iv�d in Paisley for 80 yea�s affirmed that the rzver had nev�r sustain-
ed log drives. C. F. Ber.efi.el's sawmi].1 on �he Chewaucan above Paisley got its
lags from the imme diate vicinity ancl ne�er had sufficient ou�put to warrant a
dza.ve on the river.�
The Chewaucan sustai.ns a smal� amount of recreational raft flotatian by
local persons during the spring runo�f dur.ing some years. The starting point
iQ4
is Daa.zy Creek same 26 miles above Paisley and the run ends at Paisley.
5 ��
r�� co«nr��' smr��s
Fige 29a. Drew Creek beloca
Res e ru*vi �`.
May I 6 , �.9 84 .
� ,
; 1 ,
�'
. ,��,; ;+
�� �; '
�
� '� � � � �,��
` r � .,�i�,� r �� r � �� ��
� �`'� a �r�� " �� i. ���� �,�+
y' + M1 . � 3{ g ,
.'� M k �`.,*. �•. Y j , �
� � � 1 �# �
V .. ;�. ,, :.� .�',� � .
.�� - �
�
.
-�r.�.-n�°a" ~�, ,q�.,�� _.
,:
@� �. . , _ ' �� �,-�, � - � ,�.-- .'".s` ,�,�" . ' w '" _ �� a . . -:.
� -�� � .W. .. _
� _
� ,.
n , F - .
� . � �.��.�'� „,_ �""e...,
� �
'� � +� .� ��,��, �,, .., � I , ' 1 ,;
a^
r�r ��� �� , M
F;�,:�� { n � �+Kt F.
{4� �} T � 1
.r� i �� 3 �+F. -
`� e $"{
��
�.
�� , � �� � ,. � " � �+� � � ¢���
$ � � � �� ,'ti � _
,� � r�- � � ""
� Y ' � ` 7C
�,
_ : , ,
��.- . ��
r.
� .. ;;,
. "�, ''�' � '� ' .�� 'S�,, '` _ -
r � � ����
�. M ,
�4 ���9� `" . ���::;. �.,. . -
�..�a
- .
•.
, w
. � �
�� _ � �...�� . �„...�
�,,y. �
r
` r � ��a+►:k�` {'� •T'r•_ +� �
- � �� ' �
.wt
, ��;,
k ny ,� a�;�� � ,�p°��4, J
e '�� �,:
��� ��n �
�� u�t.�' 1 ,��" � � � ,��,"�
4 n A �' 4
`N � � �.. �� ,�, I��
�. Y� � � � y '" G �y���',�� ��*
.� y a [
.. Y . � ��� 4 4 ��; \ J`c�
��� � . .. 9 . � .
� ,� .t� � r�t�'
���
:�.
.� �: �
� '` &��;� •�' ,���.
.� � � . "��� ,.,�
, �� . �
�
, ��„
} ��:� �. ,
.�� .,
��»
.��,,
Fig. 29}�. Chewaucan Ri,ver,
I� �4.9.
I'�ay �+6 , 1980 ,
��sa
..' � � � *� . : � ^ � �'ii�f r� ..
t � �.: ����,��" . �zg. 29c. ChewTaucan Ri�er
� "�,�� �,� � ��.
� �°..' � ra�y i�, i�aa.
�� � � ��
� �,� � w� ,�� �
� � � � .� "�, �
r.0 M Y�'� y��p:�l � x�' � ..
� � � �
p � , t '" e .� M s , �.�'.d, .
r.r�"i�'�7iw ,»�.. °����- " 4 �� .
i �
. '�'` ,i;h . ` �
��
0
_.
F'�st t`�ntral �rerrc�r� rii�r�rs - Poatnc�t�s
o � . {,
� , ?,e��s ?' . •�cAr�?��tr, �?�e qo� �=e�ez n� �th erl. E� artlan_, . reaon
_.w_.__.� ____.___
F'ist�r�cal �c�ciety, 19i4} r ��. ?1�'-li, '�92-a3, ��fi, 5F3-ti4, 5�38.
2 �n�+��on] ��ate ' �esr���r�es Foard, �'c�wder *'i�rer. R�sin, (��lem, 1967,
�
.. �r,ia. o �. �.
.�`. �'. �> �ec��.c��rcal �urvey, r°�t�� P��o=.zrc�� n�ta for �?reaon, 197�, t�?ater-17a�a
__ _ _ _._ _ ___:�._____.
. �R-78-1 {€�or�l.f°�nc�, �.�79�} o �;. �� <
�. Y�>�c<. , np. R�-8�; Pot,=c�er �'i�*�r T�a:�in, p�e 38-3°, 4�?.
�' .
n.
�
?0.
11.
l<<
� 7
�. ti a
:.�.
i F� .
17.
18.
1 `? .
��a
�I.
. �> .
Xr;ic�„, r�e °`s�., t�'a�er ??esources �7ata f�r ��ec?an, 19"if�, r. 9'7a
Prs�der ?�.i�r�r Bas�n, n�a l�?-3I.
? 4 (�F� 3I� ��nd �? ��?��� �E�S��
°�Y�r R�ker !`csunty �'� �e�:�.�e , � �}��' ��f�2t T��ris��'i:�t nf ^"est�man�y, Fi aines v.
F^'@�.C:i`l , c7PJ. �� (}p"�CS,Ql'I' �tFi�E? �.Y'Cf1�'4f S r ct1�E.'T'1.
T�ii.d. ,�T`. 40-4�., 50-5�. � 55 f�7.
I:�id. b r�r �l, 5�-5�.
�Cz� iG p, t�p a
?_'%y'' • F C��'=
T��� I.C7 « ; t`%Y� o
7}�i.<:. e Flt�o
C `M ,.J..g.. .
5�-��.
GC}_ . .. �:
45-4%.
��': i r? , r T� « `�+7 ;
Tl�z�. p r�. 58a
14 nR 322-3�4>
nffir7avi� c�f '�h�sr±as T'. t'.aI � , � "�a�y 1_r�87 �.n �°ransr�i�t �sf F?aines '�r. �?a11,
;,. :x3, �^,r��?on ='�a�e �rr.hives. �~
?;e.�. � � ??„ �'CC � �S, Bc3};E'?" �'btlri��' C`]_Z �tYl�. C`C�t1Y� Cc35?S r RUX 'i 8 a F?�}!E,'Y° (`C}1121�..�
r'C�UP"��7<JU.SC� �� R�1rpY° <
?'ranscri^r r�f '��st3�m�rny, xr�,ines va�t'a�l, �o �.
��al i �r . ?'cc1.�s e � �
2.3. ".'r�r,Ccript of inestimony, F?air.es �. t?a21, np. 32, 2�2, 22.7; see Leonard �7e
??rrinr�ror., r�avi:� F'ccles (Lnqan� t?��h ct�ate t?ni.�g. , I°75) , n. 215.
2L . "_'ran�crip� c�f T�stimony � jraines v o__?'al l, �. �.
.}�• �ti''�'�m r ?7T%. �.4, QF
�'�. �bi��., nr Y'1-4"i; np• pff t�men�e:� �"r�r���_a?nt) ; np. 54-5� t�?er_ree� ,
?7. Ybi.;�., pt�. ?.3, I5R-��?.
. :'.;�. T , t7(':. 4�� �.l..�.
. . ._.._..___ �3
�tl , �:r� l C? . r '? > � "7 .
�t'!. 1 ; C;r? �.�7, 1?1-175.
�� . " r>f �^r�stimor,y, HainPS v t-'�11_, r�p. 21�-1.7.
'2. xbi�., p�. 1��, 143, 1.4�, 1F�. Rr��for.d ��uns�ker h�d a l�nc� claim c�n this
?nrt nf tl�e '"orth n+��4��er �?�st a�t�t�e itc cc�nfl�.lence taith J�.nthc�ny C��ek,
• '?i<.ri��cxn c�f �tate �:�ands �la� �oak �11. �
33. 3.�£?;� r�ns:�s, �c:h�c�ul.n 3, r t�awr+ill.s} . nriainal '��tu�-ns Ra�-er
�"r�r�nty, '?nrth roc�rde� Precinct, �?r�c?c,n= �tate T,ib��ry ��!icrc�filr �if?—d.� i hrennn
ct3�E T 1�"?2"siYV r �dZP1T! ; �e].ez�hone ll't�.E'YV� �?t7 t4l.tf; x �Y� .�Qc°�'tE?S e tiTOY��'1 Pb4TC�P_Y' �
75 ntz� i�3f30.
3�l. I�at,e� t°�t�n�y �'�v��.l�e, 2� nar lf;£?2.
�`�, r�',ak�7. ��'eekly> FP�rc�c'� �em�cr�t, L3 'aay i�R�3; r�rles �r�as stili a nartne�,
_.�._______v__.___ _____---_,.__
r 1'cc�es, r. 21�„
��.. ?��� "er.sus, rchedu�� 3, "�awmil.l�,' Raker Cotlnty, cumpter. 1'�er_�ncta
s"7. ?ak�r �'o�xnty Camm�ssi_c�ners 7o�tr�nal �°' �./�, pp> 56-57 transcribe�' in E�P7�,
;ii.�tar_ical ??ecr�rds �urve�r, Bak�r �°c�ttnty, �'Qlde� t?� ?�. �Tniversity c�f C'rec�on
'.:It';�'!'�* o �''tiQP_ttf? .
��. 7saar. �iia�h, "_'hirtv-ane Ye�rs in Pa}:er !'c�tznty ('?aker. : Bo��er �'r Small, 1893) ,
_�._____� �.__ ______�______.___.___________�__
;?pn E7-f��F ?.rrin�tc�n, ?'ccles, p�. F7-�9 ?17-2�, 22f?-3(7.
�9. ^:'e1�a�hcsne ?ntervi.ew *.aYth Floyd �`arx�ertc�r, Baker, R*�ay 1980 and eai�h Broaks
t?3W�F3•.r� "xC�We:l g°"c3V 1��t7: �I?C� S�2 ?'"r'31�C3YV H. Ferrel, �d115 Sr3RE.'��US�1
�nd T'�ne (�an *. C�1. :�'�olden t^'es� ??ooks. 19h7) � e.rr�. F?�. 13, 2?,
�� ��.—� ! a
�"!-?. s��ker �P�F.znt�y Co*nmissieners ?our.nal �`, :�. n��, �aker. raun�y Couxtho�lse, Baker.
�?? . r�he '"im� �,:12 (nc�. l°n5} , n. 't2�'; � -1 (^�ov 1905) , �. 24.
�'!2. ^-'r.s. �tanle•✓ Braaks. �'i_chlan�, n� �c� ��arnes F. Farnel�, 2'� .7unA l'38f7.
^3. t;Y�r:�i�: c>� "d��ria�bilit_v �tur:y, nn. ?_?"�,
r4� inr�;r3�;n� ='tate t�'atrr ?'esru� ??c�ar�i '•at� * Y2.b (��i��) �nd *"alheur Lake
F?.�s�_n (2�f:7) , r��;. 1.-5.
r, � t..F�t.,�� T} ��r �1:A�C3ri y .i.� ! R r ri: ,J� .
-;� o r�c`��.:�t't1Y S,c�}'f' �'c1S�t1, r�TJ. L�-2�.
�'� . F3t:Y'YlS `'ctrs� �?�'P.qOPIl%�,^, f?E'Yr3 �,� , ?_� ''c"iY 1£i�,F3. ; t
��. In��r±�a�ian �r.e�m r t��'elc�me, B�irns� 14 r�ay 19R0.
'!�}. Btlrns ?"asY_ nreac�nian Heralr,, 3?�nr, ��, l.l, ?S June 3.89n.
_,!'�. ��� r'c Cireuit �°caurt !'ase x]c�. 'S'�, Narn�V �`rianty Cc�ttrth�use, Rurnsp
r;l. ���i:�ns �'ast !�r.ennni�n ?'er�l_c?, °i �aar �� 3I. "'�y 1f��33, F *�ay 1s3�F..
, �i?. �?�rn�}T C`ounty nRechar;i.cs �`:iens r, p, �.�, i??,-ney �`at�nty �`c�ur_tho��e.
: z Tbi�:"s. , t-�. 7`�. �"ai:ney' - lands �_ike ��:enaPr's �,j�re in the ??r�mir?rant rreek
��, � ��t ca�tc�oth �^reek acc�rdinc� tc� � T.^1e3come.
�r;� , r�r ltzmhi;.� Ri.=re� ancl nr. �eron '?'ir�herr�ar. , ? : ?_ {,)eu 19t��} , p. 7 .
`;S. '".e:~i.ir, �rarh��ell� �-?r3ort or olr� sa�,*�ni11s ir th� ���rns 7sr�a, r�. 29 �che�co
.,. :;�E.t.i.0;?cii rOYf'�t �f T'T?_?'?�S.
��,. 't''�.r-� al�;otre �?escric�tic�n is ': c�n rrre�onl �ta�� t�i�t�er �'esources Board !�ap
�„. r, t�n w�ic?7 �iver ""iles �iven in the texY �re base� �nd ,7ahn n�y River
T7 C��'Y.al �C?r 6E"i. i.�i.1�D; �T7 1—"�. ,._�.
_.» � resc�urces �at� fo r �req�n, 197s?, pp. 13�-41, 143-45, 2�7.
i`=. ,7t;}?:1 !'�c4}P f?IV'E?Y T'dSlYl� ��1'?. �Z
`�,"3. Tl�i,; 3 r>p. ?-I.7.
��n. �;?'�1't7i. (`r?S1T?t:�y " T,1E'Plr � F�. :�ti!7 C�Y3?1� r'�llYit}' C`OUZ't�10L15G CcsTlVCYt1 '�:1t`y.
rf,1 , ;i��> ;nar>er clipp.incr (unspeciFi+-�c?) i r. F�err�an .� �'I i�arc�th �l.i�ver F'istorical
�
."iP�;E'l:F!' !-'�ri�t?T1 rl.ttd,
�,_.. r''.IY)I1r- :`i�YtllCt� !�C3Pnfil.SS3C3t1 ?'1�(' 7, :°"¢<!tp i x'G771t?P_S� �c'�IE'P.l.
�,"�. *e�� "°'9�c�:��sc�r�, ��?itcar c�g '*'he ^all�-•s nr��::�.i.rt in Portlar�d �?r�c? ,7 ourra3_,
.�?t'��E? �{?��? $`PTtY'1P)�P? nt,r C-.����1�Tit Er, o '-'dSCO r`Ot1TttY I?2StiOr']_3T2 I1' `�'�}2
r;��.1e� nL�timis I�� nuc� 1QC;°. See alsa John Garren, Or�gon River Taurs
tportland. B3.nfard & Mort� 1974), pp. 55-59.
1
6�, Lf� �, I�ept. of Interior, Bureau cf Outdoor F,ecreation, [@W Regional Office,
Prel.imirary Dra�t ��Fohn Day Wild & Scenie River Study Re ort (1977), �p.
4C--43.. For an account o�' an eaz�y (1939? �rift c�own the John Day fxam
Clarno to �he Coiumbia see George H. Godfrey, "Challenge on the Jahn Day,"
Creq�nian Nor� N�.gazine Sectian, 3 P_ugust 1.975, p�. 5-7. The trip
not.e ci in Ben d BuI le ti n , 17 N'.ay 1�} 39 .
6S. E�sed on [Cregonl State ��later Resaurces Baard Map 5.6 ar�d Deschutes River
Basin (Sa1em, 1961) , �p. 1--3. �
66, water Fesaurc�s Data for aregon, 1978, pp �54, 1.61, 2E4, 168-69, 172, 175,
18�, 18�, 1.9�. !
G7, ��nc:� Deschu�es Er.hn 4 Oc� I90�.; E?er�d Bu�letin, � l�ec I90°.
68. Deschutes F �.aver Aasin, pP. 1?--2�, ?3_gq,
69. I3�i.cT , p. 76.
70, Ibid PF• 5C, �9, IC'2.
71. L�un IIo�lir.sheac', "Dri�.rinc� Lumber powr� the Descl on Fvafts," Cascades East
(Summar, 15+79)� ��hotagraph p. 15. �
12 te�ct:t:tes Ri�-ei �:a �in, pP. 5-14.
7?. Joutnals of Ca�t. Natt�an3..el �. �� (Fairfiel.ry, Wavh. , Ye Gallian Press, 1968) ,
PP• ��, 87-9Q.
i4. H. P. L�nc�ille, et al, Foxest Conditions i.n the CuSCade Rar�ge Forest Reserve
{WaShiri9t�n D.C. � GPC'� 19C?�) r p�'. lf�-69� 176-77� 184�-85� 19I-°�2 198-200�
2n�-{36, 210-J.1; Bend Desc}:utes Echo, 2, 9 r4ay� 1903; DeschLtes Pioneer Gazette,
1:�; Bend Bulletin 1C June 1905, 29 ,7u]y 1908, 30 �?un.e 1909 L�e�n Hollins3�ead's
father logged far the °er.� �'omL ar.l� ar_c? legG were hauled bv hoxs� team a few
�i]_es tc, the �11, �ean. �o�.].ir.shead, Bend interview �C Oct 1980.
i5, Ca��tiar�s to �hotograpY:�.s of Clyde N. McKay, a leading lumberman of tlze �:eri.od,
L�eschuies Cotm�y Mus�ur�, Ber.d; The �imberman ].2:12 (Oct I913.). �. 29, 13:10
(Aug �912.} , p. SOA; 17:2 {L7ec 1915) , p. 42, Bend Bulletir,., 7 Aug 1912.
7b. Deschutes C:ounty Cammi�sioners Journ�r�. I, pp. 148-49, Deschut�s Cot:�nty
C;ourthause, Bend.
77. Deschutes County thecY�,anic.s Liens, I, p. 94, Deschu�e� Got�nty C:OU��20ll52}
��.._.,_ _.�__ �� ,�
t€C�'1'1111SIlCc_t[i. ULI.vi.ri�i Lt11[i3.]CLt ��. z
78. Tbic3. , pp l�l-I5; Deschutes County riechanics Liens, I, p. ].81.
79, f?al l� nsheac'� inte�vzew .
�0_ I7esc�iutes County 2�lechanics L,iens, I, pp. 260, 26� anc� see pp. 27L-85.
81. `Phe Ti,�erm (May I939), Pp. 43-44; Bend Bulletin, 1 May 1939, p. �.
B2. �bid 4, 13, 31 May, 2i, 29, 30 Jur�e, 5, i8 July 1939. Additiona�
photographs of the drive taken hy Paul xosmer are in the issue of
19 May 1939, p. 1.
83, Harry Hei.sing in Je�'ferson Coun�y Reinin iscences (Portland: �inford & Maxt,
1:'S71, p• 223. --- ��
84. Ibid. p. 203; The Timberman 6:8 (Jurie 1905), p. 25.
85. Craok County Mechanics Li�ns 1, p�. 128--35; Jefferson Count�miniscences.
p. 204 ,
86. Ibid , p. 203.
87. Inforn�ation fro�n Sh�rri Kaseberg, Wasc�, 27 Dct. 1980.
�8. For �ome unexplaaned reason the apglicatior of River Logging and Lumber
Co. is in F'ile L-F�20 "Oswego I,oq & Boam Co." of �he P�b�ic Service
C:ommission. Westexi� Pine's application, etc. �s in its own fal� ITF-31,
State Archives, Salem.
89. Ibid.
90. Advisoxy Cammi.ttee to the :�tate Tland �oard, SPCand Biennial Report (1972) ,
PP- 1.13, J.21.
91. GeQrge H. Goc?frey, "Trailblazers on the Deschu�es," Ore og niar�, Northwest
Magazine Sectiori, 13 July I97�, pp. 8-1Q; ,3ames M. Qu3.nn, at al, Handbnok
to the Deschu�es River Ca nyon fMedford, I9791.
92. Draft Report of Deschutes River Scen�.c [n1��.erway Advisozy Task Force,
24 Nov 1980, p. 23; and information from Brian Cunningham, Bureau o£ Land
blanagem�nt � 5 I7e c. �9 SO and M.ike McLucas , 2 3 Apri 1 Ia 81.
a3. Informatian from Sun P.=v�r I�odc�e Marina and Brindle I'l.y Shop, LaPine,
2� Aprii 1981.
94. �Gregan] State Wzt�r Rescurces Board, Ma}.h�ur- hee Basins {Sa�em, 1°69),
FF• 1 "k. �'��-� �d Ma� I�o. 11.6 fram which River Mi].es were �aken.
�35, fi�zei R. Fretwell, "'�he C7wyhee Crossing," Owyhee Dutpost, No. 4{Apr J.973) ,
PP• 37-�?.
9E. �arren, Oregon F.iver Tours, pp. h8-80.
gy, ,', �. PE�t. af the Znterior, Herztage Conservation and Recreatian Servir.e,
Northwes�. Regianal C�tice, hee Wilc3 and Scenie Ri.ver Stud� Draft (i978) ,
PP• 30-3�,.
98. �nformation from Maiheur National Forest Office, Frairie City.
99, C;earqe Grimlaw, Harney County {Portland: Binford &� Mort, 195I), p. 68.
100. Jacob Ray Gregg, Pioneer Days in Malheur Count (Los Ange�es, 1950},
p. 335; refer�nce courtesy of Mrs. Alice G, N�urphy, Homedale, Idaho, and
see above pp. 31-37,
1Q]., �nformation from Bill Hosford, Sta�e Fish Biologist, Hines, 26 Feb i981.
i02. Division o� State Lands "Dog Lake File".
103. Interview with Pau7. Brattain, Paisley, 16 Niay 198Q.
104. Information from Ken Daily, Fish Biologist for Depaxtment of Fish and
Wiidlife, La}review, April 15, 1981.