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Hood River Farnell�OOD RIVER NAVI GAB I LI TY STt�DTES by James E. Farne�l, Ph,n�. Research Analyst DIVISION �F STATE LANDS Salem, Ozeqon �7uly, 198�? zr�T�anuc�aox [3nder the Equal Footing cZause of the Oreqon Admissions Act, the [3nited States Government transfexred ownershi.p of the beds of all n�viqable water- ways to the State of Oregon in 1859. A.t the time of this re}�ort, the fu�l extent af Oregon's ownership is unknown. The present deveiopment trends along our wate r�rays make ft apparent that the location af the State/private boundaries is of extreme importance. The 1973 Legislature recognized this and passed ORS 274.029-d34. This law directs �he i3ivision of State Lands to make a study of all Oregon's watexvrays and to make pu�Zic �heir findfags, This report zs the Division's study of the Sandy and Hooc3 �tivers. Viewed fram the Columbia River into which both of these rivers empty, they symmetrically drain the glacial heiqhts af �iount Kood, one �a the west and one to the east. �'he former received its name fram the sandbars which Lewis and CZark faund at the river's mouth when they passed i.t in 1905. The latter was called Dog Riv�r k�y an early pioneer but the wi,fe of a later settler changec3 it to the mare pleasing name of ttee mauntain which w�s its sou;rce.�' The researcher would iike �o thank Dorothy 5hrum and Melvin H$neberg of the Sandy Pianeer Associatf.on and Sharon Nesbit of the Gresha�n Outlook far their heip in obtaining in€armation about the Sandy River as well as s�affs of the following institutions: Clackamas Caunty Couzthause Hood River Countp Courthou5e Wasco County Courthouse The Nature Conservancy Hood River Cpunty Library Troutda�e Museum !�aunt Hood Cammunity College Library sinivPrsity of C�regon L�brary Oregon Historical Society Sandy PubZic Lfbrary Oreqon State Library nepartment of Water Resources cJregon S�ate Highway �ivision Department of Fish and Wildlife Because of �he voluminous c�uantity, illegib].e microfilm copy, an� difficulty of access to �he mechanics lien and circuit court records of MuZtnomah County, 1 these documents were not used for the San�y Fiver. Thxs does not detract from the conclusions of the stiudy, however, hecause the main Qrobiem in determzninq naviqa�ility on the Gandy caas the upper Zi�its of navigation, and for timber products this lay in Clackamas County. Use of the lawer river was adequately documented in other sources, Cover: Mt. Hood frarn Lost Lake; based on Highway Department photpgraph. 2 coricLUSZO� A commercial fishery usinq motorized vessels has operated an the lower 3 Miles of the Sanciy Diver durina most of this c�ntuzy, From 1895 to 1926 the Sandy was used for ].oa and railway tie drives from BriQhtwooci �'I.a�s at Rivex Mile 39. Therefore the fitate would have a cZaim on the �asis of these two types of ccmmercial use �o �he bed o�E the Sandy frcpn River "�ile 39 to the mouth exce�t for parcels alienated �efore �859 and adjusting for the chan�e .in the mouth of the river. 33 FIOQD RIVEP. BPS�N With the exceptian ot some str��ms flo�ainq directly into tt�e Colurnbi� and others f�awinq east tn tY�e Deschutes, the basin of Hoad Piver comprises the area of Oreqon's smallest county which is named after the rivEr. T!:� basin is of triangular shape with a 30 mi�e base stretchina from the towr� of Hood River sauth to the headwaters of the river`s East Fork (Fia. i6), The apex of the �riang�e i.s at Los� Lake, Alonq the so�thern si.de af the triang�e the main sources of the river system arise from the eastern Q?.aciers o� DSount Eiood: Glisan, Ladd, Cae, I?Iiot, Newton Clark and 5tee1 Cliff. As witn the Sandy these headwaters arzse a litt�e over hal� way up the r�ountain near or belav the 5200 fant line,SO Foilowinq the East Fork, �n�hich has the qreatest Zer.crth and flow amona tha river's tributaries, I;ood River is ao�roximately 44 miles in �.enc�th. '^his is cansiderably less than th�t af the Sandy, and as both rivers arise at approximately the same altitud�; the qradient of F?o«3 River is conseauentl, grea�er over its total length. E�iot f.?ranch which dascen�s tnrough its breathtaking chasm at an averaqe crradient aE 53� fee� per mi3e a.s twice as steep a, the u�per Uandy ;�ut t;e avera�e c�rad�.ent of �25 zeet per mile of the East Fork in the 25 miles abaye its r�outh is almost identical with that o� the upger 20 miles o£ 13u11 Run Rzver and less than that of the Salmon. The r.:a�or difference in the gradients of the two rivers is founc� in the lower sections wherein the main ster� of Iiood R.iver main�ains a steep average aradient of 55 fee� per mile zn the �4.5 r�iles to th� ziver's mo�th rather than th� Sandy's more qentle `3 fee� per r�ile. StxeamfZow data on Ilood River has '�een kent at two points, near '�ee at RivEr '�iZe 0. 4 of. the West Fork and near th� tc7wn of Hoo�i ?.iver (T��� G.1) . The average discharge for 4'7 years at 1]ee hzs heen 5Fi2 feet per second Sa��Il 34 � � � � MI.LTMO�a1 CLACKAY{. HOOD Pr�DaraG ey • � � • • • • • � Flqur� 16 r • 35 a max�.r.�um of 15,00� c�s anc? r�ininur^ of 93 cfs. �'ear the mouth of. Haoc? niver, at Tucker Bxidqe, �he averaae discharQe intermittent��� r��asurer� since 189�_ ,as �een 1,125 cubic f�et ner secon� 4�ith �� hzah of 22,3(7� and low of 13� cfs - the latter artiFicially c�used �y r3ar� s�ar�qe at Dee (Fiq. 26). .�Ithouah Iiood ?�_iv�r is alacier-fed, the rlaximur� �lows occur, as 4.=i*_n western �rec?on zivers, durinq the months o� []ovemher �hrough January, oeakinq in �?ece��;er. Flow fiqures inciicate the second major contrast �n�lth the Sandy, because the west�xn river, while snowina equallv marked contrasts hetaeen hzqh, averaQ and low flows, has a flow ecuavalent to that of the final Ienath of Hooc! P,iveY at a point only hal�4fay Prom its s�urce. ".'hereforE besides havinq a grar�ient seven times as qreat as tne Sandy in its lower partion, thP eastern river has a much smailer flow. Ve��less to say these c�ifferen� characteristics of Hodd River made themselves felt w�en it earrEe to usinq the river for transport. The spectacUlarly scenic basin, �aminatec? hy r'ount Hnod, was oriainall�i heavily titnbered (Fiq. 25) anu� lur.tbezing rer^azns the second most a.mpo.rtant industry in Fdoac3 River Countv. l�*ith the removal of t�e primeva� cover�n�7, however, the land has been use� far orchards of pear, apple and cherry iah�c'� are the hal�mark cf the cou:��y. ?�i�c` of this arc�tard iand is izriqa�er; Trom Hooc3 �iver and its tiributa.ries. This divers�on began in the pioneer period, received a tna�or boast with the formation of Frank 17avengort's ��alley II'1FlZOVP- ment Conspany in 1897, and now accounts for a considerahle portion of the stream`s annual yield {Fiq. 17). � �� DEP�ET10lV YI ELD Fiqun !7. Ar�rvQ� annual yleid va eon�umpfiv� rlqht�, Hood Rlvsr� 1985. 37 �RVxcA�zo� During the later 19th c�ntury ther.e was considerable vessel navir,ation near the �outh of Hood River, tih�uqh it largely degended on t}ie annual ear�y summer rzse of the Co3umbia, an� ther�fore is technically �art of inean hi�h water navzgation of the Colwnbia Riv�r. Ft that time th ere was an islan� at the �outh of the river �akinq two channel beds {Fiq. �8}, nurinQ the 1880's Aackus operated a ferry across Hood Piver where the Iater Cnlum.�za F.iver Highway bridge was constructed (RM 1}. Duzinq low water on the Calur.�ia, however, he operated between sand hanks close ta the mauth, The �ailey Gataert and other steaml�oats o� the n. 5. & N. Co, alsa ascended into Hood Rivez during high water �etween 1BS4 and 19�7. They used a moveabie wharf during that season {Figs. 19 � 2�). �la_asure Iaunches also operated in that Zower section ati the turn of the �entury (F'iq. 21), and to the nresent time fishermen use the Yower mile of Hood River, especially durinq the Columbia runof £ . 5 � 38 �� � , .� 1 }'�, k 'M � � " ,�. � n �ii �,' � , !W �� . P'` � + y � y � � x � . � l ; � � .� � ��+ Ej� � ��. ��� �,,..� : : �: �� � � � , � ��" � � �' � �-�"� � � . � �� � � ��i`,M �,� �, ��'� . � �� � � � _�S� � i ` � � •� y .r . ti� » � �����■ ! ;; � w r �� '�4.,�*`r5it I � � � 'i � .r . _ �� ' ^�' t l , ! �' ; . - ,r�. I� '�!'� _y��r, � � � ,:. ��� .�,� � � �� �"'� ��� w s � � r� � , '� ,, r,�"' ,I� � y ��" �.: ��u. � ,� � � , � � �� .�� � . � � . � i� � ��� ���F �-. ,,� � � �^� � `4,�" � � `' '� , � � � w-.. � � ��^ � � . � � �.. �4J . � . ,� �:� �� . �� � r � � ` �`. � � �..�� �,,`. � r� , . 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' ym� ,, :. ,�� 9 : � ��� � ` �'tie,�� ,i�+;+ � � � %. ri t: y � � � A"I t a � � �� � y p � G , }� � ! A �' .� � „� � � � � �," ; �,� � � W��� � � � ��.� �. � M� � � � . �K ��� � � ,:',� 74= y '. , . , * k��� ��� ,, r '� ��; � � � "� ak � � ,� i �. u ".�i 4 . e W , , . i�. �' ' . , �11"�A.,�k� � � s �, � , r ��� ' � �' � � ,� , $;a �► ; ."il" °,VA9N ��� x ! � ��A,.s .�Vb A '� � � � � � �., � g� . � ���� � � ,� �" ,�{`� �, ..� � � �� � � • � � ,,. "� � � ' � �� �� "�� � �:�`��� d � "^""*°,�t � " �'� �� �. �a �� $ � �. � � .� � � F .. WF' . .. .. w.] �� a � � , � � �.. �� , . � .d A�. .���� T �i .�, r x N� i j ,. z 4�,', P ,�, s �. �d b � � � ,� �+ m . n�ri r`..,� �,. �. �� �' � � � � • F lta }� N '�.i � � � ru tl'i a u"�+ � (7 ' '� � Z� � � �2 �e.�.� � ,r� � � Loc nRrvzr�c �'he fi:rst sawr.iill in Haod River ���liev was huilt in *1ay l�if2 by Nardin Corum for Peter Nea� (Neil} on thc creek c,�hich now bears the latte�'s name but which was then called 1?ack or r�fzll c'reek. � The sawr±ill was sold �y the sheriff on August 8, 1862 for a judgement aqaznst P7ea1 anc3 Thomas Gorc3on. Whether the creek was used to f�oat Iocxs ta the mill is not stateci. As �or Haod niver proper, ear�y iur.ibertn�n a}�parently despaired of vsinc? zt for transporting their lags, as �.his story from the January 1881 [�:est Share inc3icates: "Little of the prir�eval for�st has l�een distuzhed [in Haod Rzver Valley], as Ium�ermen, who so o�ten vzsit it, invaxfably return declarinq that Hood River is so rapid, rough and tortvous fi.hat no loq could be �3riven down ��, In the same year, however, Georqe P. Crawel.� huzlt a sawmill on �raod River near ?'ucker Fridge (Fzq. 22}. It was later sold to Cot, B. 'I�cker and was known as Tucker's mi11. In 1883 a shzngle miZl at the tpwn af Hooc3 F.iver received shingle �o3.ts run down Hood River which were storecl at a boam near the place where �he CoLumbia River f?zghway bridqe later crossed the stream.� It was not until the Iast decade r�f the century, however, that larqe scale ing drives on Hood River were prajected. As with the inauguration o£ drives dn the Sandy anC the deve3opr�ent af Troutdale, this effort zn �he burgeoning town of Hood River was spurr�c3 by construction af the railroad fn 1882-83. On June 8, 1889 the first issue o� the Hoa3 River Glacier reported tf?at Fran3c Button, tir.+berman trom LaCrqsse, 4?isconszn had qone to Lost Lake with A. .T n,und t., z„r L_ - • � ����c at �l�C �imber c.nere. �ao weeks later an art�c3.e in the newspaper proclaimed WE W�LL HAVE MILLS, "The river is a natural route fnr [�:�e vast quantity ot timber adjacent] ta find its way to the mil].s. Hood rivex is an easy stream to drzv�, the only c3itficulty beinq holdinq the loQs as thP current is so swx�� that no boom will hold them....189� will see f�ume 43 �. ..'. � isr tF ;.a! i,��R�:+.{� ir 3 � � . �T " ,y : �A6��=a a - r �C �`7 1 .� ��� t r �� �� . .�, 4 �.'. ��, ,� � '. �"''4 - 7 •`�. �ir :t� *{� �r�r� �{� ��,: ��,.�i ] +� � . A +'� i�Y�.r Y .+�' R: ; � � � ��:. �•�$ r • �! _.-.+R. �� ` ' " � i '' � .��•' _ ,-��'�� . r --'- �+'L ,': � � �y.,•+�F i ��: I� 7 '� r ���� - _ �;' ,, r: � �` � � ' • � �� �,�:. �.r- �,� !-.:Y'i?i�_ � ��s3 , ���r.�R;�:-. w. � r � : �,� � � �� . � ' � " � � +�_.' �' .:�.�.'Cs. _ �I � , ` ,3�� : �:�� "r ,�. t�': `�,,, . , ., , : . �. �..� +._ }i6� � F �?� �; � � r �LY " � .: � ,�6Y ..1.. � y F +��� r__ i - .1 r .. _'++�„ t�: �; � +� ���'� �� � � �. • p � ��% , ; � - i..y �.:iT _�r' _e t 'i 1�;. _ � -v+ � s, j�.J,,.+r� •`s..�. � -'� ;�,,.' .� -4 i�' �• �.. •,.� _ �; .. ��Y. � �*.� ,� ' � ��=,�� a'� ` ...��4 :'-`'�:� f � : � � �ri ;: � �`::s�" ` �` t�. ��i- � r' � f _ �� . � � � S � � i,� r � � F � �i �'� � .�w 3+�,` •l+� r,Jc• ��±; ;- ,, � T w ' •!�� - � +• a 1 t• ' ,y� i c.v�4� � * ��e Z '4; . �� . . � y r • i • f'r,� -';s 'rT .. �� T \ Y . � S r h��� . T �.�• r � J �i � ` .S • .. �s �`.e.': + . iM. � � � . � n ,� t . �, A • : ea � . . - � ��a, y i�C - �' :� .- , �.�r • �.1-r � ��1 { � rk �� 1 r ,r� �� r' ��r" �,3� y; `. X 'i ._N����� - �._• __ ...� 9` `:� � , k ;, w � �'- �t . �'t �. y � ��t = � ►:�-'�,� . � �« , . �t. �„ ,.. » . . c ' -�' x '' ` � �u ..• - � � � � , ,; t . �,-, r 3� �-� • �. y ' q: � :�'a` 3 4 t y k• • �`i• � r.:�'� �.:� � Y4f t .., �'.; : �� j! � �'���_ :� � sY f:' .�•. � * y , : .. � � �r:` '�-'�:. ti � � �r" ��,' . �~ �i =► .. � q .r. ti y _ '.'. .�� . ` ;i ,4'. �� �"� - � ` a�. c ..!� *JC.� � �r� ,' I :ti � _ : . �. - �R. R�r. . ^ � �.� • � i � .�' ' �� s •,i: k - .r. �' � . . �z � � j' , ,' � , .� i �.� �,h�`�' ^�s e �� � ���i'S�j+ � �'��%.�� �I � � y � ! k �`� � :•'��'� �c .� , ' �.�„ . . � ' • � � �Y .... . �: �! � : ,. .. . f �� �i and river at work hau�inq fihe wealth of the maunt�ins to this poznt." This faith rested in part on the belief tha� a da3n wou�d be huilt on the river capa�le o� holdin� the loqs. Pacific Coast Wood &�ron got word ot the Nood River oroject and in January I890 announced the r��. Bu�tam planned to drive Eiood River and use a splas� dam at Lost Lake. It would be eight yeaxs, however, be�ore such daring schem�s were put in operation. r�eantime 4a�11ia� 5aund�rs and four to five others cut 5�0 cords of woocl at Sandy Bottom and 2000 cozds on the East Fork durz�g �ecember 189� which they planned to send down the river during the following spring. In Ap.ril 1893 �tark Cameron and '�'alter Henricks were cuttina logs for Tucker "4i11 which may have been sent there on the rivez, 'rhe G�acier was sti13. hoping that �n the �ear furure f?ood River would be made to cazry timber frosn th e hPadwaters t� the town. �u� tihe largest sawm�ll in the area, Davenport Bros., ignored the river and established its sawmill up Phelps Creek near the timber and ��oated the �umher to town over an eiqht r.�iZe fiume. Then an Jaunuary 1896 the S�1�nans Brothers executed a coup. �n rapid success.ion they fazr�ed a company to improve Hood Rzver in orc3er to drive saw logs, rai3road tiies and fence �es*s, ar.� cn January 16, iAGF, obta.ined a dec�ar- atzon from the 4?asca County CoUrt �hat uoai �2iver was a pubZic highway for floae� �r:g logs and timber. In the cour�'s rump session, they secu�ed a five {�r fzft�) year lease of the river for that purpose w�.th the riaht to callect to11s and boamage fees. The county c�eclared the Wes�, '•1iddle and East Forks o� Hood River and Green Point Cree3c to be pu�lic highways for fZotating and txansportation of logs, timlaer and �.umber; hut only leased the 4�,�st Fork to River '�z].e 9{pzq: 23), the T?iddle T'ork �o River Mile 4.7 and L'ast L'ork to River *�}.le 1.1 wi�h no mention of Green Pain� Creek. Tolls were only set on the first I2 mizes of Hood River from below the �orks to the mouth. 3'olls were not �o be co�lected �ar drivinq until the company had comple�.ed its improvements, 45 fi y .� �°.� .. �,,r �, I�YA] .�., t � �� I�, � � '5�,���':w %' n . � �� �. , J � y aj � , �� � n . 4 . X t � ""e � +Vw �.a x 9�'r�� "�If3. ���f.. C^u'�S� Z' CSX')S �(7Ch� •. � �^�� < , � � �, ��" ��° ?.iver a� !�`•1 7, 2 Jt�l�r 198�}. ��,� .� M • '�". ;�.� �i �`�� � �"�,i� E' . �. � � ,� w `'� +� � +� � -�w� �" , "�`�p`��n � . � � � ,, � � °�` � w � � , , ��t.- '� j" � W ��' �r ra z � ��: � p �' � � y� �� � �$ r q` �l ) �' �i ���'�" � ��°� �, ��A ¢p�� ?"� � d ��'�';'�"� J � � � �i y� � � t i S '� �' - "w,ti ; � � �� �� �; � �K �h4o�" v�� M;�� �� � .. � �� ��� � " �'� �' � '� � M�� M... �" � .-�. ��, r�4� �� � y% � ,y 14. �.� ��� i _ � ' � '" � � . d , �' � � .. x+�'� m � ' 4 ���S�� � 9. . . ��� 4 n � � � ^ p �. w � : � r ., '", � }� � ,.�: $ d� � � h ���''^,r „' �F� w'fi'�, �n � � '# *� ^+c ` q ,a. � t_ ..,� . � r . � k � �r �.,, �' ""*,. .�� � �.��� ,r��� �~� '}�� ti � �» '`� + ,� r � � " . `* � t ��f : -� � .� ,�, �, M �. ;� �".. �� • � � • i . ,_ . ° F��r . � _ . n . o- �" . �°_. . • �,� ,F>...� 'ylA� "'S *4 � ` - � {� S , � dr � ' �',++ �a�t S ' . �w �` � . -° � �+r� , � ;�" k . � �.' . . w "r �a , y � , * 9Ye �,r.4 � .. . r x �. a� � � ' ' � v ^.�. . � �r„ � � � �� �� 1�.t -�� 'E.� ��, ' -� � �` i .� � _ 4 �� � �, ' , �, °�r „ " � �'' ��� . �,� � °�+� "� ° �` y " '� � � ` �� �� :�r r�"� �� �''� �i± �,,� T' � � ' �" �'Jr � . A ti , � ; '� '�+�*�' _ �� a '3 , � k ;r,. .:�a . ���� ��..�r. . , ` +. , � 46 Fiq. 23�. I3eui1's Pu�ch ��+11 (West F[srk � PM l�. 3) }�efare ciisfiguration by fis"h lacider . Hcx�d River Museum. ��� � ����i. .• ., . �, �� �°'° , 5 � � . .� � ,�e_ - • • • � • • - � � � ��wa � =`'��+ "�° •. E °P� 7"b � _ ',��' ' '._'r��� �a, 5 i � : ` �'�' '� iS ,, � '.r„ a' � ` ` . n aa. R > �`: � � • `s1i�'kY C � R . - � . � � .. si J' Y. ,, . '�..+,j� hi�'- � � t y c7 � .5� : �y.�. S ♦ � ; .� . k{:..rr 7ks .. t 1 'F' } 'Cti'� �.h�'>F3St` P�'yT..'4[a� '.;�:. :', i�' fi -�+ ar �.,f:ti ._....si-�s_r§�,., a d._r_,_�.s..s._i.....,.�..__�. ,_.;3F-.i,���y:...,.� �.�.i�'� _ . - Rs'': �: '!-' : :��`.�'" =#+"" �'_;">,.1: -'i�,w r:+y: �t ,: ,f _ - ��"��['�-. ! . ',^l " + , .«�4�r5r:i�i"-y'� ��' �s�'�hru��'Z,����� ,�;�� ,y� ���k�,!, �., �'F + . �-.�,, �� ' S �i �.� "S ! .y.r i!� "'q.4 " . i Y..�� y >:T�" ♦ �:r �jf�.yj e 'tf - ,.r>,�:` � -�? ^� ° •� �'�� '� � � �e�"f s � � _��7 i } �. ' ' „#'c ;r _- _ _ t y _ �� r �•:' 'J,:4�S-r.� : � H fd : _� T s �'� 3- � :. i � V "ic..d t43q�3" i rx.r -.• y�� �.�.�;.,, :. '. �^,`.�^ ��..:F�,W,� w �'� .. --Y=� �rt'k "�` ' ':%-; . �'.: � n;'>' `;'T.��.•f ��, E� vi ��� T � � n,. ����� - �^k _ _ ' - ( i' "�i.'^,: .'i::: -� ti- � ., y , ' � � . � t ,' ^' L � �. Y t�Il.i� 4F; _ :�,,� a . Y � , � �� '�` r ,,. ��� S `.�:.c,� r ts ir �-r:� ���s n..Fy `' a v.�� '�l ' �- w r i 7 � ,� r � . _ Y� i �,_. •, : k' �? a �� rc. � � " ` -� � � �,� � �' w� r � r. } {.�`r�����1 • h:_. y. � ,� �� � i�� a w � �t� Y , ,� i � ,± � �, �'e, ;ti ' , � * � K " .-.". y J r 4 �. tK � __ � � �'�' ��sr. t� � � .���; . _ � �r_:. . �� ', :��''�'�� i �ry � � � . ., v�y� `. �e L � * / a +h`, � N � a � �� � 4 t_.� w � £ �.. , J �a!Ei#-.� : �, � _: a � 1 �'� ■}� 1sL�.-��� .. M: , - ZL r� '�, ;;.�'"F s ;- �... fi , �k , ;,ra; �, �, � "E .: �-.• �� ' ZKi�i 4 i: �'� _ hL. � .. � :��? . • '. � ��:•.. � �'=•r,� The Glacier, which had been in the forefzont of support for use af fiood Rzver, iminedzately led the nuk�lic ou�cry aaainst this monopolization ot the stream.�� pn February 14, 1896 it pzinted at lenqth th� Ietter of C. L. �?orse, a�est Fork homesteader who had been injured by the action of the Wasco County Couzt. t�orse's lands were two miles abave thc river section leased by the Winans, Ee stated that in 1888-8g he had driven 50,000 fence posts down to the town a� Hood P,iver despite the stream's laa� flc7w that year, In Z894 he had been able �o send 40,Q00 fence posts the 1$ miles to town without driving them because of that season's heavier rvnoff, ,^torse said the FJinans` lease would make i� un�conomical to cut and m.arket the tzees on hzs Iand, that �he Winans had no real int�ntion of amproving the river but only to force a seriaus sawmill developer to buy out their nrivilege, an� in �he meantime wished ta enforce boom charqes at tneir facility which was next to Hood River tavn . � 1 The existence o� the boom and the �act that during the high water of *lovertbez ].896, �ogs threatened to damage the intake of an irrigation f�,ume would indicate tihat there was some log �ran.spqrt on the river at that date.� t�torse `s cont�ntion that the Winarss ` nurpase � n c�*ain�;;q t;;e iza5e of the river was anZy to profit from someone else`s entrepreneurship was borne out zn the event. The seriaus deve�oper was Capt. P, S. pavidsan. With his san P. 5� Jr. and F. H. Button he arganized the Lost Lake Lumber Company in 1898. They alsa £ormed tkte Hood River Transporta�ion a.nd Baan Company to handle the drivinQ on Iiood Ri.ver. The Iatter company was subscr�ber? by ].50 resirlents of Hoad River who wanted the river improved foz drivinq by Winans' c�pe�itors. Announcinq that he would build a sawmill in the to�an of H�od Piver as soon as thP ci�izens alZawed hiirs to drive logs in �he river, T7avidson obtained a reversal of the t•?asco County lease on Dgcembez� 1898, the countiy buyinq ou� the t�inans �rivzleqe �or $2,U40. �'he viewer who reco�nended the amount of the award found that tha 47 Nooci River Lumber Campany had ma�e no �mpravements to the riv�r in the two years they held the lease.�� A year af ter the county revoked the l��se, an� whzle the ravex was at hooming stage, Los� Lake Lumber Company sent men up Hood River to drive the million feet af locrs they had previously put in the river. The , 3rraval o� the pavidsons seems ta have spurred the winans into activity, �or on Qecernber 8, 1899 they were using a donkey engine �o draw logs £rom the bluffs znto Hood River. As the Tzmkzerman corunented, "Haod river is nroving a better driving stream than was qenera3ly sunposed."�� Nex� month the journal re�orte tiha� th� Winans' aperation was 14 miles above the moutl� of Hood Fiver and that the Lost Lake Lur,�ber Company drive had formed a�am bu� that a new �reshet hac broken it and the logs had come do�,,�n to the site of their mi�l whzch wouZ� begin operation "�!arch 1.�g �uring the su.mmer of 19�n, three miZlion fee� of loas were put into Hooc� River and were expected to come out with t?�e first freshe (Fias. 2� 5 25j, Heavy rains did no� send Hood F.�ver roaring vnCil mid 1�301 when the logs came down, 500,000 feet beina cauq�t in th� Lost L.ake Lumber Cor�pany's boom.�`� By t�is t�me the Lost Lake I,umber Company was plannina to build splash dams so �hat they could have a r�ore regular and d�penc�able sup��.y of logs frotn their titnber hoZdinqs, pobert Leasure, a sma�l millawner in the +�iount Hood town azea, and J. R. Bird £ound a site on the East Fork of uood F2iver �hat they calcula�ed wouid hold enauqh water ta send down two splashes a day whach couid fxoat loas d aanstream at a rate of 60,0�� feet per day. Bird had a camp on the East Fork where he cut logs for the Los� Lake L�rrber Campany in May 190�. He expectec� to put in s$x to eigh� hundred thousand £eet per month. At the same time 1�avidson was preparinr� ta receive 3 drive from his own camps on Hood River. 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' � . � � . � ; i, : '� . • � � `•' � 'S 'S �� .4 ��� , '+� � y � y � , -� �..,�: f . _�` " i - ; • • ~ ' ~` � ' ' !x � C•��1 ' � 1 � e�lP � �F'Y� ^ �jY :Il h'� -� 'Y . i , � �~ a ;. . . "�F�+�s � .�'.. "` � w . �� 'a ►�` � �* �.�_A. . � S�+ r:v'� r .� .� w �� , 'f�. -''� �i�� ''�� � f '� �yt.�� r , a� �; • . � � v� � ry. � T � i � � . :f t�i T�, �4 } � • - 4 I� ^/ ~ ' ! y .r . c : � ��� , � ° � x ," �� � • � t. , i „t�-�� ; T..'� r''s- ` f . � • � . .. - . � :a '. ' . � . . . • ; ,,,, " ��" ,""� ���� ��.�� . � ., ,� � �"" ` . ;��'�� �+ � � • � �,�� ,. rr�t► ,, „� • 4 ; �� � �, � � � ,�, y,,, w �� '" +�l � k .a �Y .kq� 1 �'��� ��' � lN� "'I� ,�� �� -�� � � r�, ,�*' ,,�� � � „ � � �, a �, , �. M ,_.: � ,�,,,,�.., . � ,� �� �� ,,� ,"�' �y � � r � � s � ,� . ��, � �, ° . :�:�:t` ;��` ,. ,..� ' „��; A � �!�"�, . � c�� � •� D C�: 3 �C (7 � � W � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � •+�.��� u� �n � ,� � � � • +� � r� a� rr u-+ c� ur .� �a s� • � w �-1 :w �I �,: �J �7 them during the week o£ *]ov�m�er 29, 1901. The freshet cleare� the rivex so that when more rains sent the river boominq a week later� no Ioqs came down �ecause none were in the river. But zn �he �ol�owinq �pril the Lost Lake Lumber Campany received a drive of 2 million feet. The trustees of the Davenport famiiy sold the Lost I.,ak� Lumber Company to bavid Eccles and Thomas Dee of the Oregon Lumber Company which was incorp- orated in Utah and cofltinued the Hoc� River enterprise as the �tount Hoo�? Lumber Company. T?�ey planned ta reopen the logging camn on the East Fork abou� three miles above �inans and intended to make i.mnrovements in the �hannel of the river �o faci�itate dr�vinq, mhzs work incl�ded constructzon a£ several more splash dams. 84 The Hood River Lumber Comgany was also reported in June 1903 tn be investinq in Noad River; "this is a very rapad stream, �ut dqubt�ess can be imnroved so as to render it possible to drive loc�s at a moderate expense.�� At the beginning of D�cember 1903, Charles Early, superintendent of tl�e Mount Hood Lumber Cotnpany operations, invited the editor of the Glacier to visiti their loggznq camps and view the results of the S15,pQp in zmprovements they had made in Food River: Hundreds of big bou�dexs have been bZasted frc� the river, and at points aiong the stream where the water had a tendency to . seek two or thres channe3s, "cribs".have been built, forcinq �he water into one channel and preventing the logs from piling hzgh and dry upon the bank. Tf�ese cribs, put in foz an exper- ,iment, have proven a qreat success, and more are to be made n�xt year. There were many doubts as to th� practicabili�y o� floatinq saw locts down Haod riv�r, but aIl these have been dispel- }.ed, and the big boom �n th� Calumbia river has been co�lectinq laqs evPry day since the freshet P�rt� �„ �,T��,e,��.,,.. --- -. _.. ..... �...,�� . The campany was �urrently logqinq hetween the East and West forks an Dee F1ats about I5 miles southwest af the town of Hooc� pa.ver. Solash dams have been bu�Zt, one in each fork a� the river at �his point. 'I'hese c3ams are open�d ance a day and starC a flood sutficient to carry what logs that have been placec� in either str�am down to the main river, where th ere is force enaugh �o take the Iogs on d4wn to the mouth af the river. Both horses 51 and donkey enaines ar� empioyed in haulinq t�e locs to the edg� of the hluff, wh�re thay are rolled into a chute and started on a liqhtninq �rip to the water. �n the East fark there is a chute 1,5�0 feet in leng�h, the low�r �a�f being almost level, and lacrs wezghina hal£ a ton slide do�an this dry �lume in Iess than five seconc3s. A sight well worth th� day's trip cvas a log dam zn the narrows ahave the falls o� the kTest fork (Devzl's Punch}�owl]. When the heavy rains came the fore �.�rt o� �ast month, more 1o�s had beEn turne�i in�o the riv�x than a suc�den rise could take care of, and a jam was the result. �-4r. Early said that the first day after the jam formed there were 1,QfJ0,D0(� feet of logs in the qorge. Logs A� feet in length �iere standinq upriqht. It was a solia mass of 3oqs for a quarter o� a mi�e, and was a F,onr�erful siqht. But to ?�5s�. Early it 4�ould have been a more welcome scene had the la s been collec�.ec3 in the boom at the mouth o£ �he river.� The Zogs were freec�, but not be�ore two horses were dragged tn their deaths aver the cliff when �he �1QC3c and tack�e lines they were p3zllinq suddenly broke the jam. But the comnany's draves, often subcantracte� to.men like Williain Andross, Charles He1�ez, and Roy ��enson, continued into the �a]_1 of 88 1904. In April I�09, hou�ev�r, "Owinq to a sudden rise zn the aater, a dar., belonging to the N'ount tlood Lumber Company, of Hao� �iver, locate� on a tri.butary, gave wap and �llo�ad � quantity of Iogs *o be cazried into the main river. Pazt of the logs were recovere�i in the ColtunUia."� Further downxzver, L. A. Hermann sold his timber to t�e '�ount i?ood Lumber Gompany and it was logged T�y the Fashion Livery Company. 5etween P.uaust and october 1903 the Iivery company hauled ahout 700 pine sawlogs of 1� and 24 faot �.engths from �Iermann's lands to the banks oE Hood Piver abnut 3x_ miles south of the Iumb�r company's mill in fiood Ri�er. Durina January 1905 the Mount Hood locrginc� camps closea dawn inc3efinitely to await the arrival of rail Izne�s with which to continue lo�qinq. pespite the investmen� of the P�;ount Hood Lumbex Coinpany, drivinq �oqs on f F.iver was deemed tn be too hazardous and impract3cal. s 52 � � � s; • � � .1�i ' � � \ ,r. •�:+ e. .._._, —� �� /•��( • , � .� ; � � �•��'!•� =� i � ' � { ��� S ,.� � . -.��1�. _ �� h � I � �•��p S�.�c F, -,: � _ �+1.! t - �_ ,1 �LU.��'{� � iY .. # 1 y , , 'Itis� �h� �`�� _ f f� y ', s� ti. ;, ` � �, °� S,��t,'1FY� rJ�, � � � � �,� "f'° r�. � ,��� e-> [ :^� �,�',•_ :•,:F .;;� � t l�l � .r �\� � . � � : - a u C �' + ti � l �� : �. ,» s r�e - ,��� ���� t,' y_ .' � �_��, .� 4 � r as � �'���+� � ��e,{•i � tr � . t � ♦�� .... �'. . -� . �'ativ�.f .�- � tit �v.Y-.� i r . y�. � �:� . � ' a e�r L � � '� s ��.�� . � ., �} ` -'� � i i �C+s� y � ti4� �' R':.�. w�� Y ,�Yr�± �. 5 y ' �' x V � �� „� _' � „ ,� � . - t �� -�.�s � 1 ��;^ , j - �� 1� ��.�r.} ' ' ;;. e �,., y �� � ►r� � rk+y ,^.n '' � '7'�-G+ � -� . , �rr. , .-•� ' i L�.��s�r�{e-.�.4 i � .�s'.. � •;3 } � r r.,-�s f.� Y t �, � � ,�, � f � -:! � �� � +► �' F y • �' � l, � .+l;." � - r - - � _;l' _ ' �� .� r,=� ,� �.r ..�:�,. °:�.=-;`:. �x���:!�:•...f,. '� .. �'�'��` •: • �- .�� A���`w�l _ . r��y.1/T� h � �� '" ��1 �.r. - e � y!1 . � _f��K. � �:�'. � C� M. ;�? .� ;� . :�_ �,�' �., �� : � :,� � ;�� � - � a��,,. ' ».: , 4 '����� a � ws _ N 'r: :�_i���� �-� �' � �` � � �; � � r {"�� ` ''" ~ �: '�.`_ � �' •%�'`.� } : � �,p..:. - t �_ � ' ; ,.: `� � , ; "�.. 4 � �i�,. - : +•�,... �,- ;�; " # :'W'� :�'f � � ' �, � � .�.� �._-.'.,���.' ` _--.- �. �: � �',•;:� . i � '' �, �-{�! � ��� �� �` � � # . ,, ...�r1 ��� • � rT ' � f • A • ..,, *r�4 ; - :i _ .�. � . �� - � . . , . i . r �� - .� . f ��� � :��� l •� � - • ' f r � � .�•` r � � • �:,. . � � . r � r �� � � .-t � � . !'� i ��� �� �� � � 7 � ... . . a �.' �� "s_e; � . ~ - .,YR � i 1� ' � , —.��,-'� f,,� ; � a� � `��' '- �.�r , W� � r !� M �. � � r ... . •.� : . , �_ +� � ' ,� � ..d•� � � �r.a ; + :�- � , � �,• . . �" '� fi� '�+L . ±�a � � r ++� i �, 'y'� � r r� "; - r. M� �•� = � '��� �T=�t` . ,. ,,.1� ���� •� :��.. . � . �'r1��rrr_.; � �'? �. « ♦:... � "'�� �� � • � . . � ��� �� . �� ..•�+r�i� � � - �� �. � t 1 � �.��M.; � 1�._ p'��� , J ��� r ..'�� '1. � �r � �•�..:���'� ;- �`'�,,.� - • • --- . . _ _. . "�";y� t. .�.s��rr.�o,,•� i+:�: _ i 1 J f .I k � - 't.. . - + �. 0 When the OR 6 P] Company's �ines arrived, the �umber compa.ny had revert-' to its original name, the Oregon Lumber Company, and had built a large saw° mill at Dee wi�h a 32 foo� high dam £or Iog storage {F�q. 26). A splash dam higher on the East For1c brnvght some lags but rail lines were mainly relied an to bring �ogs to tha pool formed by the dam. CONCLUSION Was Haod Riv�r naviqable for log drives? There was int�rmittertt flatation af �ogs, £ence pnsts and shingle bolts on �he river between ].883 and 2896 from as high as River Mile 3i of the westi Forlc and River !�ile 1 0£ the East Fork. Then for five years, from December 1$99 to the autumn of I904 there was very large sca�e dr�vinq over the East and 4�i�st forks, thouch the head o£ lrx� navigation did not much excead that of the smallez� earlier river drzves, r�TUCh improvement of the rocky bed of the river pzeceded these drives anc3 at Ieas c3urin� the last twa years splash dams a�lowed drivina to occur at o�her times than the recurring times af winter high warer. That t�e river was an essentia� arte:y �or co�erce �n this �erzod i5 barne out ny zhis usacre, the declaration of Wasco Cnunty Court under tez�ms af the State's ].889 Iegislation. and the protest of the Haod River citizenry over monopo�ization of that commercia], route. That railroads proved a superior means a£ transport does nat detract from the importance of the earlier use of the river. �"tterefoxe on the basis af actual cammercial log c�rivinq the 5tate wauZd have a claim to the river bed from River Mile lJ. oF the W�st.FOrk and River Mi1e 1.1 of the East Fork to the mouth of xood River. 54 F�Jt?Tt�C�TE,� �_ L�4T15 A. ��1cArthur, OrEc�on Geoqraphic rl�mes, dth ed. {portland: !7re�on F:istoz-ical Snci��Y, I974), �n. 64b, 365-6. 2. State t�,atcr ,�esources �oard, Lower 5�'illamette River �asin (Sale�n, l�r`,S} , np, I, 3. 3. (Or�qon] Parks and �?ecreatian Section, Scenic Waterwa Study: Sandy River, Prelirninar Perort (1972), p, �3; Water �.esources "tap 2.5, 4�7illamette Drainaae Basin. 4. Lower Wzl�amette Basin, pp. 3-4. 5. U. S. Gealoqical Survey, �later Pesources Data for Oreaon, j-;a�er Yea� �978, 4later Data P,eport OR-78-1 (Portland, 1979), �, 22Q, 6. Edward E. Brocicman, "Smelt ancl the Sandy River" (Portland, 194�) ; 1935 and I940 survey rrtaps of the cnaUth of �he Sandy, U. S. Army Corps af Enqineers, �'artland, �7R. 7. Sc�nic waterwa� Study: Sandv, pp. x3, Z7-zg, 8. Highway Co�*.mzisszon Scenic �1 Hearing, January 23 , 1973 ,�. 15 . 9. Informa�.ion £rom Sharon ?�es�it, Gresham �utlook re�orter anc� �irector of the Troutidale Museum, January 23, i98�, 10. Ibid.,; Gresham Qutlook, 15 April 1924; ancl see Brnckman, "S�ne.1t". I1. Information from Surnie Bohn and Ji.m C,albrai�h, �epar�nen�. of Fish and 4�Ti3dlife, Columbia Riv�r Fisheries� C�.ackamas, *tarch 24, ].980. 12. NEultnomah County Cixcui� Court Case �10. 24�-�A8 ( State of nreqon Highway Commissian v. Mart'in), �xcerpts fram Testimany, pra. 18-22. 13. Advisory Corrmittee ta the State �and Board, Secand Biennial Re�aort f197z} , p. I28. �. i4. Troutdale Champion, 2g Oct Zggl; pacif ic Coast *�Yood & Yran 23_2 tFPh 7Rca{7 p. 5$. • 15. Testimony in �cheu�ele v. *lewman (I87 c1R 263) , pp. 307-310, PRSS 78A23, Case No. 15378, State Archfves, Salem. 16. Pacific Cnast �+?ood and �ron 24:6 (Dec 18953. Q. 2�9. 17. Columbia P.�ver and Oreqon Timbe�r.an, 1:3 (Jan 19�0} , n. J.1; 2:1 (Tlov 1900} , p. 7; and Paci�ic Cuast wood anc3 Iron, 34:3 (Sep 190�), p. �z, 18. �re on v. *tartin, Excerpts from Testimony, op. 2, 4, 6, 8. 19, Columbia River and Ore on Timbezman, 2:2 {Dec 1900}, n, 7 and 2:4 (Feb 1901) , p. 6; and see Pacific Caast �•?ooc3 and Iron, 37 : i (Jan 190I) P• lb. 20. Columbia River and Oreqon Timbernan, 1.:6 (Apr 190�), pp, 11, 22 and 1:8 (June 190fl), p. 7; see also Clackamas County Circuit Caurt C�se Cdo. 7033, State Archives, 5alem. 21. Columbia F.iver an� t�re�on Timberman, 1_7 (Ma,y 1g00) , p. 12. 22. Fish Warden's Diary, 190�-1908, pp. 15-17, C�regon State Archives, Salem. 23. Information from Sharon ?3esbit, December ZE�, 197g, 24. Co�urribia Rzver and Orec�on Tir�berman, 2: 10 (AUq 19�}Z) , p, 7. 25. Ibid. , 3: �0 {11ug I902) , p. 6; 3:5 (�iar 1902) , p. 8; 5:1 (No� �9�3} ,�, Zq, 25. Tbid., 6:4 (Feb 1905}, p, 32. 27. Ibid. , 6:9 {,�ul 1905) , P. 32. 28. Ihid., S:B (.3une I904}, p, n3, 29. Ibid., 6:9 {3u1 1905), p. 32. 30. Scheufel� v. New�nan, Testimany, p. 31D, 31. Gresham Seaver SLate Hezald 25 Jan 1907. 32. Ibid. , 10 '�lay 1907. 33. Tbid , 27 !�?arch I90F3. �4. C'.OZLlli^�72d R1V�r' d7]Cj nTPCfOfI Ti�n1 l!1_'] ��aai� l r�' 3j. 35. Ibid „ 2:5 (��tar 1901), p, 6; and see Clackarias County Circuz� Couxt Case PIO. 8572, re: a�907 flu�,e an Y?alker Creek (nxeqon State Archives, Saler�) , 36. Gresham Beaver �tate Hezald, 24 A�r, 22, Z9 ^say 19�R, 37. Col�mbia Piver and r;re:�on '^ir. a:4 (Feb 190R) ,�. 4z. 38. Gresham Eeaver 5tate Herald, 6, I3 May, 10 ,7une I9i�. 39. Ibid , 9 June l�tll . 4d. Ibid. , 23 "tay I.912; The �''imt�erman, I3:1� (nuq 1912) , p. 80R, 41. Dorothy �I[elson] Shrum, "Loaqinc� - mh� r,reen C;alr3 Eaarvest" in L'�.izabeth E3artman and !�arie Schwartz, eds., Sandy Pioneers (Sanc�y �973}, pr. 14, 213-214; ",7ahn E. ?•?cNauqht D.emem��ers., . ' ^4ountain �Saq�zine (�c� IQ70) , �p. 30-31; end see Scheufele v, hlewman, Transczipt of T�stimony, �n. 3�n- 31J.. 42. Information r.eceive� by Dornthy Schrum fram John Sanclazr, Sandy, 7� 1980. 43. Information receiv�d hy 7oro�hy Schrum from �on Fndiey, aqe� �2 of Sandy, one of her father's e�ploy�es a� Sandy Lumber Company aft�r Z920-21. 44. Information fro� Dorothy Schrum, Sandy, 2 July 1980. 45. Ibid 46. Clackamas County ?�ec?�ani.cs Lien Record Book 5, pp, I.02, lOq, c-lackamas County Courthouse, nregon City, 47. J'. P.. V7oodward, e�,, Oxen, F,xes and. China Teacups (Gresham: ?-zt, I;oad Community Colleqe, I975), pp. 60-63. 48. See Grande Ronde NaviQability Report, p. 6. 49. *7ancy woocl, "Human LTS� of the Sandy River Gorge" {1g79) ;,�ohn Garren Orecron River Tours (Port�and: Benford &"ort, 1974), pp, 91_gs, 50. U. S. GeologzcaZ Survey, nuadranqle 7.5 ^tinut� Series, Cathedra}� Ridve f1962) and :',t, Hood S�uth (1962); [Oreqon) �'ater 3?esources De�artment, F?oad Drainag� i�asin, "t,�p G.6 {1975) , 51. Ihid.; jOreqon� State t.ater Resources Hoard, Hood Basin (Salem, 1465), p. 3. 52. T,i. S. Geological Survey,� 4Tater ??esources Data �or (�reaon, 5?a�er YP 197g taater Data Repart �R-7$-� (portland, 1979), pp, 202-203. 53, Fiaad River �4echanics Lien ".ecorc� I., p. 14, Hadd �iv�x County Couzthouse, Hooc� River . �4. uaod Basin, p�• ].3-19, 35. 55. Earle K. Lartmew, Hood River tn Langille, 24 ,7uly (19]54, ulillzam A. x�nqille MSS, i3nzversity of Oreqon Lxbrary, Eugene. 56. Captions on photagraphs in Hooti R.iver Rtuseum, Hooc3 Rzver. 57. I�f������$� g� p,� �,ichem, Depaxtment of. F'ish & k��1c3lz�e, The DalZes, 1 58. Hood F2iver Mechanics Lien Record I, pp. �2p-21. � a �.,r, a ��. rrrn F3:iszor.ical Pecoxds Survey, Hood P.iver County, Faider VI B, C7reqon SLate Libxary, Salem; see al�so I�aod ]2iver h<ews (11 Maz 1938) , p. ],�, 60. The Sdest Shora (.7an 1981) , p. 3r�, 61. I949 interview with Eph Sti�inans in iionc� t?ivPr tlews {9 Dec Z955} , Sec. C, p. 4; picture oF the bridqe and mi�l in �dell Bicentennial, "C��r Tawn o£ Odell° (1976), p. 4; and see S�a�ewic�e Inven�ory of His toric Sitps and Suildin�s, Hood River County (1975}, — 62. FIaod River tiews (22 ,7ui�l I938} , np. 1, 13. 63. �bid h4. Hood River G].acier, I:1 (8 Jnne 1989), 1:3 (22 3une 1889), and see 20 �uly and 31 71uq 18A9. 6S. Pacific Coast S•:pod and Iron, 13:1 (.7an �89�) , p, IS, 66. Hood Fiver GZacier (12 Dec 389Z}, 67. Ibid (I5 Apr 1893). bB. Ibid. (17 �'an 1896) ; see also t��asco County Circuit Court Cases C�f}, L1�3, Mc67, 4�Tasco Count� Courthouse, The Dal�es. 69. Haor3 River County Cornr,lissinners Journal A, �p. lOQ-103, F-[aori ?�.iver Courthouse, Eiood Fi��er, transcribed from Wasco County Commissioners �7ournal �, p�. 317-18, 70. Haod River Glaczer (17, 24, 31 ,3an 1896). 7Z. Ibid (14 Feh 189�i} , 72. Ibid {13 �Vov 189�i) . 73. Hoo� �ta.ver County Record o� rt�corDOrations I, 155 a�inted in Histarical Recards Survey, Flood piver County, VI B. 74. Hoad River GZacier {16, 23 nec 1R9R} ; C.oliambia River and nrecon Timr.P•-n,2n l:il (Se� 1500), p. 10. -- 75. Hood River Glacier (2, �❑ec 18aR}; Fiac�1 piver County C.ommissioners Jouxna3� A, pP. Z37, 139-145 transczih�c3 from ATasco C:ntinCy Cor,unissioners JoUxndl C;, r. 625 apr9 H, r ,�, �7--3�, 76. Eload �.iver Glacier (l, 8 �ec it�9�?} . 77. Columbia P,iver anr� c�reqon Timherman, 1:2 (Dec 1899) , n. I7. 78. Ibid. , 1:3 (,7an 19(}Q) , p. 9; and see 1:S ("�ar 1900} , n, 7; (�4ay lg��) , p. 12. 79. Ibid , 2:I (Nov 1900) , o. 10; Ftoo� P.iver. �Zacier (18 Jan 1�01) , 80. C'olulnhia Rlv�r anr� rlrarrnn 'T'in},arman 1•F In,,,- i onni �i _�_� r-,.... , �,,;,�, __ _ ' _ _ � •I .�.- . ��:�.i i. �iV/ / ��. Ll� G_L �JCI. 1`� p. 6; 2:7 (^�ay 1907.), 25.. 81. Ibid. ,�. 3.5; 2:12. (Oct I9�1) , �a�. 7, �. 82. Hood River Glacier (29 Nov J.9�1). 83. Ibid. (6 l7ec 1901) ; Columbia River and nreqan Ti[nberman, 3;F (Ar?r 19�2} , z- 84. I?ooci River Glacier {2� *1a.r,. 2, 23 Apr. 19b3) ; ro�um.'�i� piver an� �reaan Timberman, 4:6 (APr 39�3), p. 10. �35. zbiu'., 4:8 (.7une 1903) . 86. Flood niver, Glacier (3 i�ec 19c?3) , g. 5. �7. Ibid ".Mt, Hood ?�Tates". a8 . Ib a.c� .( 24 �ec 1903 ; 17 !�ar , IO *Tov I904 ); Co�ufibi a River anc� c?�errdn Timberr.�an, 5:10 (Aug 19D4) , p, 25, 89. Ibid. , 5:6 (11pr I904} , p. 22. J0. Hood River N?echanics Lien Recard i, pp, 41-Aa, 91. Hood River Glacier (2 Mar 1905). 92. Iba.d.(7 Dec 19DS}; Columbia River and nreqon�Tirtberman, 11:1 (*TOV 190�), p. 32P.; Hood P,iver "•Techani.cs Lien P.ecord A, p. 292; faz a picture of the mill pond at Dee, see Hoaci �iver Coznmercial C�ub, Hooci Rivex (�9I0), p. 32. 0