Luckiamute River Farnell�L'CKIAMUTE RiVER
�aAVI GAB I LI TY STIJDY
Stephen A. �tose�
Engineer Section S�xpervisor
QiVISIOi� Ofi S�,'ATE LANDS
June, 1977
Revised with addi�iqns lav
James �. FarnelZ, Ph.D.
research P-nalvst 2
January, 1981
INTRODUCTION
Under t�e Egual Footing cZause of the bregon Ac�nissions Rct, the Unit�d
States Government transferrecl ownership of the beds of all navf.qahle waterways
to the State of Oregon in 1B59. At the time of this report, the full extent
of Oregan's ownership is unknown. The present development trends alonq our
waterways made it apparent that the iocation of the 5tate/private bounda.ries
was of extreme importance. The 1973 Legislature recognized this and passed
ORS �74.029-034. This law directs the Division of State Lands to make a study
of aZI Oreqon's waterways and ta make public their findings. fihis report is
the Divisian's study of the Luckiamute Ra.ver.
I th�nk Z wouZd be very safe in cammenting that the Luckiamute River, �ahich
'�ears an Ir�dian tribal name, is not one of Oreqpn's better known rivers. S�Then
you mentian the na�e Luckiamute to most people, quite likely their response tivill
�e a bJ�ank stare.
In spite of its sma21. size and lack of notarietp, it was, durina Oregon's
early industria� eza, a very important ri.ver for the trans�ortation o£ Zogs
from the Luckiamute Basin to the various mil�s a}.ong the 4ail�.amPtte River.
Since the Luckiamute River is sma3.1 and unknown, very 7�ittle written mat2rial
could be faur�d on its history. Portanately, however, thre� men were Iocatac� who
participated in the actua� log �rives on the Luckiamute as well as a man who
I.ogged timber in the Luckiamute Sasin. 'I'hese men were of consi�3erable hel�a in
confirminq �ates and actuai happeninqs: Arch�e Kimsey, Pete Frantz, Lawrence
Davis, and "Red" Snyder, the early logger. T'ee and !�ow Simpson also q�nerously
provided rahotagraphs of their father and uncl�es' Ioqqinq operatzons.
Thanks are �ue to the following institutions:
Polk County Court�ouse CTniversitiy of Oregon Library
Po1k Ccunty Museum Commission State Library
�iarion County Historical Society State Arck�ives
Oregon �istarical Society Oregon �ept. a� Fish & wildlife
Lane County "�useum �regon Dept. of 'h'ater Resaurces
Douqlas Counfiy c7reqon Dent. of Forestry
U.5 Corps of Etigineers, Portland
Above a11, LeXand Prath�r, whose family had a Donation Land Claim at
the mouth o£ the Luckiamute and aver a span of ges�eratians drove the Luckiamute
and boomed and rafted iogs an the �7i1].amette, spent many hours providing infor-
mation and criving ass�stance. Two days after �he Zast visit by a member of our
staff, Leland dfect. This report is in many ways a memorial to him and his career
as an Oregon �og driver.
THE' LUCK7AMUTE RIVER BASIN
The Luckiamute River Basin is 5ituated withia the Coast P,ange Subbas�n of
the Lawer willamette River Basin (Fig. 1). ':he Luciciamut� P.iver arains a heart-
shaped area totaling approximately 309 square miles. The "pa�nt" of this
heart-shaped basin is direc�ed easteriy and abaut 70 percent of this area lies
in Polk County with the rernaining 30 percent located in �enton County.�'
Originating in the t�ountainous areas on the eastern slopes of the Coast
Range, the Luckiaa�ute meanr�ers f�r approximately 58 miies over a tortuous caurse
€rom the paint where it leaves the Caast Ranqe to fts mouth (Fig. 3-6}, Here
it enters the F�'illamette Rivar from the west (left) side, at River Mile 107.4.
Elevations in the Luckiamute River Bas�.n range £roin 160 feet mean sea �evel at
its mouth--approximately 23 miles south af Saiem--to 3,246 feet at �!onmouth Peak.
Of ti�e Luckiamute's apgroximatel.y 58-mile length, 5 miles flaws through the
high, mountainous areas with an average qradient of 340 £eet per mile, 9 mz�es
through foothill country with aradients of 5E feet per mile, and the remaining
44 miles traverses a very flat alluvfal val�.ey fZoor where the river i.s very
3
sinuous and lined wit31 heavy brush and tree cover (E�ig. 2).
Flows for the Luckiamute River are actually quite surprising for its size.
Average flaws above the mouth are 923 cubic feet per eecand (cfs) with an extr�me
high of 32,900 cfs and an extreme law of 0.65 cfsy above �?oskins (P.M 43.2} average
discharge is 209 cfs with a high of S,S50 cfs and �av af 4 cfs. High flow period�
general�y accur araunc� December t'r►rougn �`ebrusry and Iaw flow periods come during
August through September/4ctaber. �a�parable rivers would he the Puddinq and
the Calapooia.
The Litt�e Luckiamute F.iver, the Luckiamnte's r�ajor tributary, enters the
river at P.M 18.2.
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The Luckiamute Basin has approximately S,O�Q residents. It has only one
incorporated city--FalZs City. Smaller unincorporated towns inciude Pedee,
Kinas Valley, �oskins, Lewisville, Airli�, and Black Rock. The �asin's industry
is centerec3 around the Ioggfng and Iumber industry. In the valley areas, agri-
culture fsmalZ grains, clovers, hay, �int, berries, orchard crops, and dairy
products) zs the prima�y indnstry with shesp an8 bee� cattle also important
contsil��tors.�
U.S. 99W runs north and south across the �ower section of the Luckiamute
Basfn and is the basin's principa� highway. State Highway 223 lies about 10
miles to the west and paralleis 99W. There are also numerous secan�ary roads
serving the area FiV8 paved bri�ges and �wo railraad bridges crnss the Luck-
iamute in the lower reach. A Sauthern Pacific Company hranch l�ne crosses the
lower part of the river as we1Z as a short branch �ine frot� �allas to Falls City.
Also, the historic Valley astd 5iietz Raflroaa foll.ows the Luckiamute River from
approximately RM I3 to its headwaters.
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' .. . ...�.. . .
LdG DRIVES
LITTLE LUCKIP,Pii3TE
Some of the earliest notices o£ driving the Luckiamute refer td the smaller
northern branch of the river. Ttte 1880 Census of *�anufactures reports that
four sawmills in the Monmo�th and Bridgepart precincts received their logs on
t1�e Lvckiamute River, which in that area would be the LfttZe Luckiamute: Birch,
Hedges & Co.; x4cIntosh & Bennett; Hoover & Fitch; Galieway & Wanfeld.� Logs
probal�iy were driven shart distances to these sawsniZls as the Little Luckiamute
was no� a good c3riving stream. On�y in 19I6 taas there another notice of a driv�
on the northern branch of the river. Simpson Bros. were loaqinq at BZack Rock
{� 16.2) and planned to drive six million feet of logs £rom there to Salem
with the fall rains. Leland Prather doubts if the drive was ever accomplishec�
and believes he was the anly oerson to make a large scale c�rive on the stream.
'T_'his was zn the season of ].933-34 with small �ocis far �reqon Pulp and oaper
Company, the only type logs whici� could be floated on that river withaut sp3.ash
dams. He began the drive �rom the present hiqhway 223 bridge beJ.aw Bridgenart
(R24 7.5; Fig. 7a) .
I ran the drive out of the Litt�e Luckiamt�*e. 'i'he onZy one that ever
was. was a fella by the name of r�iiller. �ie'd bouqht some white fir
and maple up that Little Luckiamute, and they fell that maple. That
white fir was oretty rouqh, lots o£ lfmbs on it. He took peevees out
so them auys covld turn them laqs to peel them. ThEre wasn't enough
men in Oregon [to do it}, The limhs broke off and drove into that
ground.
The effort af the Fa3.ls City & i,uckiame�te Development Company of Falis
City to �ease t::e Littl� L;zck�amat� from ralls Ci�r �o its source and all i�s
�0
txibutaries anc3 a11, ot the Luckiamute in Polk County was probabiy fraudulent.
As the resultina litigation indicated their real purpose was not to drive the
smal.ler stream, which their apQlication emohasized, but rat3�er to levy tall on
the Spauldina ogerations on the Big Ltickiamute, the real�y valuab3.e driving
1Q
.`_ �� y � y � y i � F�'.i,�,�':�"� E' ; ?� i ry �' a � � s '
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stzeam in Polk County.l� tiTane of the mills u�h�ch developed at Falis City after
zts faunding in 2891 received their Ioqs on the 7,ittle Luckiamute but rather
by flume, haulinq or latar by raii.
EIG LUCKIAM[1TE
Sefore 1900
That the Luckiamute was ane of the r?ost important log drivinq streams in
Oreaon is due to two facts. One is that it flawed through and znt�o the most
important area of earZy settlement in �?reaan; second, it 'tapped one of the r�.chest
timbez stands in the state�' (Fig. 14}; "The Luckiamute had biqger timber than
mos� places. The Big Luckiamute was, you know, na�ed for rain c4untry--heavy
rainfall.." Early use of the riv�r is attributadale to the �irst of these reasons.
Kings Valley was an important agricu�tural settlement auxiliary to the Iarger
area of the �9iliamette Valley. Before 1853, Henry VanPeer built a sawmiil
apposite the village of Hoskins (RM. 38.6) which supplied lumber for that valley.
VanPeer gained his ioqs by fiatation dawn the Luckiamute (Fiq. 7b). i�fter
1866 the Frantzes had a sawmiZ3� near the same pZace, and the 1880 census report-
ed that the Frantz anc� Co�hmor sawmill qot its Iocrs tram the Luckia�ute.�'�
Later in the decade of 1$$�'s the Simpson brothers and Prescott F�z•Ianess
(Veness) began to drive the Luciciamute. Mrs. rvadna Prather was able ta date
i�
one of t?�e ear�y drives of the latter nartnership:
They beaan diiving loqs in the J.8$Os. �•?y qrandad (�3. F. Smitr} owned
a store at Lewisvi�le (now �taple Grov=r Fiq. 4). The first Iocr drivers
on the Luckiamc�te Fiver was Prescott and Veness. They were drivinq
loqs and whiie they were alonc the river they �ought stuff from his
store. One of the thinas t�ey bouqht was a pair of shoes.for a dollar
and sixty cents, shown here in the store records o£ "tovember 20, 18A6.
A s�cond notice came from the polk County �bsPrver ?+ dozen men were cuttin�
3oc�s below �i.ver "�!iZe 25 and floatinq them ta Salem.
The Independence i�*est Side reported at the end af Janua�� �.89� that A. ?.
Vaness anc his crew of loggers had aone ��p the ziver an�' that t!�e rains woulc?
?�elp hi� get his logs to �arkeC. ,A year later Prescott s��aness w�re usinc� a
12
scow in connection with their Zoagfnq operation at the �outh of �he Biq
Luckiamute and by �arch 20, 1891 had concluded Cheir laaaing for the season.
Dur�nv these years the �dest Side reported that logs were heing taken out frvm
Tetherow`s and at Nen�ich Rridge. Salomon Tetherow's nonation Land Claim
was just north of the forks of the Luckiamute and Henry Helmick's was down-
river from there (i�M �5-18; fiig. 5) .
Further drives by Prescott & Veness during the first half of the Z890's
were reported in the lacal newspapers:
"Buena Vista° Prescot & Veness have 8 miilion feet of logs in
boorn at Davengort bridqe in the Luekiamute.
15 January Z892
A number of Preseott & Veness' Ioqs are scattered over the farms
along the Luckiamute where they floated out with the overflav.
Henry Simpson of Airlie informs us that Prescott & Veness have
the largest baom of logs at the mouth of the Luckiamute ever
there, and of the finest quality. The loqs out on the farms
wiZl be saved.
8 December 1893
"Luckiamute" Prescott & Veness w�1i s�art their logging engine
dawn the Luckiamute next week to haul aut stray logs.
12 JanuaXy I$94
"Buena Vista" M. W. Prather who has the contract �f runninq los�s,
for Prescott & Veness, ran the first raf� �'uesday.
7 l�ecember 1894
"Parker" [Fiq. 6J 3ack Veness' Iagqinq mer� are cutting green
timber opposite tnwn and. dum�ing it directZy into the river,
21 �!arch Z895
' �Teness & Co. are takinq advantaae of the high
waters in getting down the �.oc�s they hauled in wzth the donkey
�ngine.
29 March 1895
"Luc3ciamute" 70,OOQ feet af Zoqs of J. A. veness & Co. �aent
down the Luckiamute last week.
12 April I895
13
"Parker" Jack Veness' jolly band of 'sticky feeted laq ounchers',
are makina the river botto� merry with their sonqs as they waft
the 'boom' materiaZ to 'the cominq city.'
26 December 1895
The cimpson brothers, Phy, Dave and �aine, begari loqginq near Che mouth of
Pedee Creek (R2� 30.3} in the Iate I880's (Fic. 3?. Logs wer� cut on the hill-
side and siid or dragged into �he creek. `Shen they were movea on winter floods
to booms �ower on the river or in the Willamette (Fiq. 35). The loqginq seasan
ended when the waters Iawered in 3ate spring. Besides the Pedee, 5impson
brothers also logqec3 and drove an Fdwards and Ritner Creeks {�'iqs. 8-13). The
latter stream requfre8 the assistance of sp�ash dams every few hundred yards fn
orde� to move out the large tir� ers faund in that watershed.
Probably refexring to the activities o� one or the other of tizese operators,
Peci£ic Coast waod & Iron reported in ,,'�anuary 1990 that two rafts cantafninq
100,ODd feet of iogs had been braught to Saiem fram the Luc3ciamute. A year iater
they reported several mi�lion feet of pulp iogs were banked on the Luckiamute
{pxobably the lower river) awaitinq hiqh water. �'�e Iocal press and the
Timberman also described ather drives on the Luckiamute in tt�e 189fl's and first
year af the new century without ascr5.bing them to one or the other af these twcs
operators.
"Parkers" '^he LvckiamUte river is fflle�3 wi.th sawlogs from the
r�ountains .
13 January 1893
"Parker" Tke Luckzamute is bankful, a favorable staqe for loq driving,
but it may nat be so favorable in the headwaters.
�7 February 1893
"Parker" A crew of loggers came down the Luckiar+ute Iast week frocrt
the lonesome Coast Fanae. They finish�d thei.r c3rive belaw Farker
a short distance.
24 February Z893
14
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20
"Luckiamute" A raft of 30,000 feet af lumber from Ronca's saw mili
started fram SaZem and sank near Lewisville [RM 23). it is now
floatinq dawn the Luckiainute in pieces. Another raft is tied at
the Simpsan 1�ri8ge and cannot pragress becae�sa d� the loqs.
�3 December 1693
"Parker" 'I'here will be no driving o£ logs on the Luckiamute this
winter.
4 January 1895
"Parker" There wi11 be a Zarqe fir loq drive on the Luckiamute this
winter.
21 November I695
�. J. Prather,.of Buena Vista, has contsacted with the Capita� Lum-
ber Company, af Salem, £or the delivery of 1,50Q,000 feet of yellaw
fir Iogs. The 2ogs are gotten out near the moutts of the Lv�kiame�te
River.
Rpril 1900
E. A. TayZor, of Pedee, is Zagqing on the Iower Luckiamute.
May 1901
E. A. TayZor, wha is cuttinq white ffr tim�er on the Luckia�ute,
near Pedee, wi�2 soan �ove his camp to th� claim of R. A. Hastfnqs.
JuZy �901
They are logginq this winter on the Jake Brawn place wes� of Parker,
6 November 19�2
Le�and Prather and Lawrence Davis summed up their early loc�qinq Gachniques:
The best logs ��s coming fzom out of there about the time I was a
kid, the best loqs. There was--they tell rne that a fellow by �he
name of Jack 4eness and ...(Prescott]...was tne first one that drove
the logs out of that F,uckiamute. And Spaulding bought those q�ys
out. There was a fellow by the name of L. A. More and somebody
else awned the mili in the first place in Salem (present site of
Boise Cascade). S�auldinq baught that--fram then on, him and Led-
better grew in leaps and bounds. Jack Veness and those guys was
sor,�e of the first anes that ever nut any loqs down that (Luckiar�ute) .
And they rode thQSn i.n there. ?'hey didn't even use horses. They
used a jackscrew. '^hey just came along the bank like you've read
in places they do in Alaska. They just rolZed �hem in, and there
was iots af timber there. Tl�e sky was the limit. They just had
to roZl them ir..
On down �he river...from there c?own to Hoskins, there was a Iot a�
that area thare that was Ioqged in all kind Qf shane -- with horses
and muZ�s, used jack skrews and eaerything e2se. ?'hat was in
the 1880's.
2Z
Sefore 1900 they drove logs without the use of the dam. You could
drive from Hoskins [n� 38j on the natuzal water, they di� drive
'em up there - they probably �aded 'em too. They waul� qet hard
enough rains, but (later] they had to have the water to Qet away
from up tl7ere {headwaters) an� es�ecially ov�r that �am at Kinas
Ca lley .
And that meant the use of splash dams whose construction on the LUCkiamute was
undertaken when Charles K. 5gauiding becar.te the central ffqure in the Zoqgina
actzvities on the river.
C. K. Spau�.dinq
An early i.ssue of the Timherman descrihed t;�e posi.tian �f the C. K. Spau�d-
inq Lumher Co. on the Luckiamute (Fiqs. 14-17):�
"'he Luckiamute is one of the best ZoqgTnq streams in Central Oreqon.
'I'be Chas. K. Spauldinq Logqing Co�pany, of *?ewberg, which have been
operating for severaZ years at �ifferent paints on the �^dillamette
and its tzzbutaries, have been the principai factors in developing
the logging interests of the Luckiamute.
This Company's halc3inqs on the Luckiamute are estimated at ahaut
2�0,000,000 feet, and cnnsisting principally of yellow fir and
?�emlock. Three louging engines are in use in the nr�sent camp,
and about ten mi3Zion Feet wiii be put in the water this vear.
5evera2 thousanc� dollars have been spent in opaning up the stream
and buil�'inQ roads. A larqe dam, with two sluice-qates *�as
comp�eted during the pas� year and this has greatly facilitatec�
the work.
'^he ti.mber on the Lucki azr.ute is large in size and of qood auality.
Logs are furnished the tnills at Sa�em and �reqon City, besides
those consumed by the cofiQany's mi11s at �:ewberq. The extent of
their operations can be best shown by t�ieir output for }.901, which
acrqregated 22,595,000 feet.
`:he Sim�sans as Si�pson Lumber c`ompany continUed to drive Ioas on the Luckiamute,
thouqh t:�ey �sual�y hac� a contract with SoauZdina The drives of the two compan--
ies frotn I90D were chronicled in the Pacific Coast waod c Iron and the Timber�!an
(Fias. 38, �0?_
'Z'he C. i�. Spauldinq Logging Co. , of A7ewbera, are reported to
lae buping aZZ the wY�ite fir tirnber that i� accessi'�Ie in the
vicinity of �'alls ^ity and alana *_he Luekiamute. It has for
soitte ti.me past been buyzng everyt:�ing along the river that would
do to make pulp £rom.
.7une 19f�0
22
Fig 14.
Spaulo�tng Logg�ng �a �- 3$ foot, "Xellow rir�r
Trwbutary to the �.uc�iataute on ilpa,ulci�n� pra��rty
�ee and �aw S�pson photo — Copy by �ahn L. :=;�I1c�rso:�
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C. K. Spaulding e�ects to qet out 5 mzZ�ion feet of logs this
summer well up on t3ie Luckiamute about I4 miles from Wren, Ore.
Fir, hesRlock and balm w�.11 be loqged.
Ju�y �900
C. K. Spauidiag wil2 lag 5 rnzllion feet this summer near Kings
Valley.
Augnst 1900
The C. R. Spaulding Laqginq Company has 2,000.�00 feet of logs
cut oa the Luckiamute, awaiting the winter freshet.
5eptember Z900
The camps of Charles K. Spauld�ng and Phy Simpson near Pedee,
are working. Mr, Spauldinq has a crew of abaut 25 men, and uses
two engines. Mr. Si,mpson has a crew of 15 men, a�d an engine.
As soon as they can get svfficient water they wiil drive the
output of the summer's work, which will be 5,000,000 feet. The
logs will be driven to �regon City and Salesn.
Deeember Z900
Phy Simpson, of Pedee, writes that he has a contract to £urnish
2,000,00(1 feet of logs for the Peedee Luml�ering Company and
another of 3,0OO,ODQ �or the C. K. S�auiding Logging Campany on
the Luckiamtlte. He is usi.ng horse teams on the Luckiamute and
a donkey engine on �he Pedee.
�une 3.9�2
The Charles K. SpauZding Loggir►g Campany, of Newberg, c]xegon, had
1�,000,000 �eet of ba7.m and white fir Iogs in their drive for ttse
Oregon City gaper mills. The Iogs are cut in the Luckiamute and
San�iam Distri.cts and driven down the Willamette to Oregon Cfty.
The Iogging crew consists of five teams and about thirty men.
August 19Q2
The Chas. K. Spaulding Logging Co., of Newberg, Oreg., cut 32,000.0{�Q
feet of yell.ow fir, white fi.r, and cottonweqc3 logs durinq I903.
January Z904
The Charles K. 5pauldinq Loqging Company, of rrew�er�, have been very
successful this seasan in qetting their Zogs down the Luckiamute
to the Wi11a�eCte, They ran down 6,000,0�0 feet in �Tovemher;.
B in Janu�zy, have 9,004,0�0 feet more about to run.
Febxvazy 1904
Charles K. Spauiding Logging Co. The company has 3,DOO,t700 feet of
logs at i�s mi11. at present, anc� has 7,OQO,OflO feet of logs in the
Luckiamute and Yamhill rivers.
Auaust 1944
29
Charles K. Spaulding, of C. K. Spaulding Logqinq Com�aany, of
h'ewberg, says the recent rai.ns had released their logs �n the
Luckiamute, which would enable them to operate their mfll at
Newberg.
April 1905
A 9,E?00,000 foot log drive for the Chas. K. SpauZding Loggi.ng
Campany passed Independence, August 1, for the Company's ,�lant
at SaZem.
Auqust 19�5
Chas. K. SpauY�ing Logging Comgany af N�wberg, have started a
drive of logs for their Salem and Independence mi11s.
L3ecember 1905
The Charles K. SpauZding Loggfng Company, of Salem...has a3�out
twelve miilion feet to come out of the Luckiamute.
June 1906
Phy Simpson, of Pedee, is getting out 4,400,OOQ feet of Zogs on
the Big Luckiamute. He is using a I.idgerwood and Willamette enqa.ne.
May I906
C. K. 5pauldfng Logg�ng Campany, of Newberg, are starting up their
laaging camps on the Luckiamute R�ver. The Newberg, Sa1em and
Dal�as mills are beina operated on an easy qaft.
March 1908
'Itao events marked this early period o£ driving on the Luckiann.tte by the
C. K. Spaulding i,ogging C�npany. First there was the a��empt of the Independence-
Fal1.s City Lumber & Im�rovement Comoany to Ievy a toi]. on their drives with a
franchise from the Palk County Court. Spaultiinq �ontested �he canstitv�ionality
of the legislat�an empawering county courts to grant snch Ieases of driving
streams, and on a technicality won their case ia the Oregon Supreme Court. Thefr
victary inhibited the ctrantiaq af sfmi2ar franchises Eor the next fi,fteen years.
As the case rested on the drafting af the statute, the case dfd no� anqenc3er
testimany on the use of the Luckiamute fpr Zog drives� but statements in the
briefs do qive so�ne description of driving the river.
�
It is alleged, among other �hings, that at all times therein
mentioned t�s Luckiamute Riv�r...is aaw a navigab�e stream o�
sufficient capacity to subserve the ends of camQ!terce and to
transport upon its surface 1ogs, Iumber and other tim�er products.
That the plainti.ff and respondent is the owner of large �racts of
timber lands lying within Fo1k County, Oreqon, and has been for
several years and is ncw engaged in cutting saw logs fram said
timber lands and �ransporting san�e to market by driving anc3 float-
ing sdt�e do�wn the Luckiamute River. That the only practicable
method of reach�ng market with said saw Ioqs of plafntiff and
respondent is by floating and driving same dawn the Luck�a►�ute
P.iver .
That the plaintiff has naw (actober 4, 190I] cut upon lands trib-
utazy to said Luckiamute River not �.ess than two million feet af
saw logs and it i.s the purpose and intention af pZaintiff, follaw-
ing f.�s usual custom, to place said saw Zogs in the said Luckiamute
River and by means of waters thereof, to �loat the same dawn the
Luckiamute River thravgh the counties of Palk and Benton to 'the
mfluth of said ri.ver.
The second major event in the early history of Spaul.ding logqing on the
rivex was the baiZding of its splash dams. �he first of these, as is indicated
in the above description of Spae�3ding's operation on the Luckiamute, was buil.t
during the logginq season i900-OI:
Ahout the yeax� �90D the Chas. IC. Spauld�n4 Logqiag Company coa-
structed a dam approximately 34 feet high in the southeast quarter
of section 19, towzisnfp 9 south, range 7 west of the willamette
Meridian, across the Luckiamute river..... That such a dam was
operated by the Chas. K. Spauidinq Logging Company from the year
Z9d0 unti7� about the years 19E}8 or i909, and tne sarne has not been
us�d or operatec� by the Chas. K. Spaulding Logqing Company si.nca
said date.
According to Dee and #]aw Si.�pson it was their father and uncies who designed
this and the other engineering feats of Spauldinq on the Luckiamute. T�Q
first dam was ca�led Biq Dam (Figs. 24,22} and was just below the 1Vart31 �'o�rk
of �he Luckiamute at River Mile 5Q. Leland Prather made this enLhusiastic
description of the structure:
Now that was a big damt Yt was buiZt �ust below the fork of the
Luckiamute - north and saut.h forks...they called it Big Dam. The
water was backed cZear up to Camp Walker. They had a seri.es of
3Z
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Iittle dams that Zed into Riq Dam, oh, every auarter af a mile or
so along the head nf �he south fork and the little creeks that
went pert near to VaZsetz! After around �906 ar sa, they quit
using Big Dam,
Big Dam was succeeded by the even mare impressive Seekay Dam named far
C. �. Spaulding. it was located just above what fs knawn to�ay as Fisherman's
Camp at River MiZe 46 (Fiqs. 23-25?. Seekay was �sed considerab�y more than
Big Dain. It had a total of three "loq chutes" entering the bac}cwater. 2's�o
were 1.ocated on the northerly side and one enterec� toward the rear of the back-
water to the south,
About the year 1905 the said Chas. K. Spauld�ng Logginq Company
canstructed a aam across the I.uckiamute Piver which fl.aws tnrough
the northwest quarter of Sections 34, Township Q South, �.ange
7 �,�est of the 4�illamette '?eridian.
The pur�.+ose of Zarge perinanent splash da�!ts 3ike Siq T�am and Seekay was
twofald: ta provide a staraqe area for logs cut during the year and ta give an
initia� boast to the logs so they couZd oass through the white water section of
the upper river. f?ere the grad�ent was steep, �he water very swift, and large
houlders ar rack outcrvppings createc� problems for the 3ocr drivers unless the
34
water was sufficiertly deep.
I de�bt very much if they caul� have drove the loqs fn �hp ur�per
reaches wzthaut the loq dam {Seekay). Some of them places dawn
there was pretty zacky and you had to have a gaod quantity of
water to keep 'em rnoving at aZl tines. !'?ther than that, why you
wouldn't got very far with a bunch of logs.
That the artificial floods cxeated by the r?efendant in the time
intervenino between the construction of the sa�d dam and t�:e
bringing of this suit have razs�c3 the water in the saic� stream
from two to three f.eet above its norn�al staQe �t points as far
as faurteen r.:�.les below the said dam.
�ee3cay Datn and its feeder chutes s^ade an i�pressive operation, and the old
time locrgers rememher its chutes w*ith exciter.+ent. "'he two log chutes on the
north side a£ the baclraater, C*sute ]. was the Zower and Chute 2 the upper, were
supplied by a sma.11 Shay enqane �it� �ra�ks that lead to loadina areas back in
35
7'HE WAY THES� GATES WORK W.HEN Tf?E DAM IS F[ILL, THA`P IS GTHEN THEY
FLOOD . THE [TPPER GATES GO UP AND 'I'HE LQWE:R GATF.S GO bOWN . '"HERE
ARE CABJ.,�S FASTENED TO THE BflTTOM OF Tf� UPPFR GRTES AND TO THE
TOP OF THE LOwEit GATE. THF.SE CABI�S GO CTP THROLTGH A SHEAVE.
THIS SHFAV£ IS ON THE: SID� OF TIiE 'I'�MBER XOU CAN SE� OVEF.HEAD AT
T� DAM. THESE TWO G,ATES ARE ABdUT 4 FEET APART �?fiEN BOTH AR�'
UPRIGHT. TI3ERE IS A SMAI,L DdOR CUT IN SIDEWAI,L CF GATE PAAME
ABOUT 16 x 20 IPICHES. THZS �MALL Dt)OR I5 �7lJST B�TW�EN '?'F?E GATES,
SO A'HEN IT IS 'rIME 'i'0 FLOOD THIS LITTLE �C�R IS OPENED, AND mKr
�r1ATER FILLS UP BE^'WEEN THE TL10 GATES ANb THIS ?�AItES PRESSURE
AGAIi+TST THE LOWER GATE ANLi THE C?PPER GATE IS ALMOST REP:DY '^O
FItC?AT, S� UP G(]ES THE UPPEP �ATE RND Ti?E LOS�TER rATE TUR�iS DOU'N
AND I-�RE GOES TN� �^?ATER Ah� LQGB. NC3PT T(? CI�iSE THF GATES THERE
IS A TOGGLE ON TfiI5 CABLE. TAIC� A HA!�fER ArrD �bcK THIS '?'OGGLE
LOOSE ABiI7 THE UPPER GATE WILE, DROP AND THIS CUTS OFF THE GIRTER.
THERE IS A WiNDi,�155 {�N DECK PTITH CABLE SO HOOIt THIS CA$LE TO
THx' LO[•.'Ei2 GA3'E AND IT WILL SWI�TG UP FOR IT IS HINGED AT THE
BOTTQtyi, A?�ID DT04� HOOK THE CABLE BACK P.I�tD YOCT AFE P.EADY TQ FLOC}b AGAIN .
Oscar �. Page Collection, 19b0. Lane Caunty uuseum
35
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the tisnber (�igs. 26-30}. The tnird chu�e was very long. It came around the
mountaxn on the sauthern side and made several turns before it entered the
backwater at its upper end;
My, yes, T�sat ch�te was rea�ly something else. Why it was twelve
or fifteen hundred feet long, almost straiqht up and dawn, I can't
really remember exact3.y. I can remember� though, ft only took
abovt ten seconds for a log ta hit the water, oh mp, yes, it did,
and what a spZash it wauld make, too. Sameti�rtes a Zoq would jump
out of thaG chute. Bayi �t sure cleared the brush. Yes, sir,
they woulc3n' t let anyboc3y ga dcnm by that chute when they were '
using iC, ».o, sir. '�hey kept logs to it with a 2.i.ttle 5hay train.
I seen those Iogs in them chutes when they'd hit the water so
darned hard they'd Just f1y agart, just I3ke you was shoving a
box of dynamite in them. Those chutes was steep. If you dida't
have a qood pair o' �hocks (shoes with sharp spikes in the sal.es�
on, that Chute l, yau couldn'� stand on it, it was that steep.
I9D9 proved to be a milestane year fnr Spaulding Loggiag Campany. in that
year 5i.mpson Loggfng Company entered into an agreemenL to loq exclusive].y for
them. It also witnessed their largest drives on the Luckinmute. Tn most years
since 19Q0 Spaulding had taken out S ta 15 �nillion board feet of Iogs. In
�909 they took an enarmous 20 mi�lian Board feet out af �h�s reZa�ively small
river:
37
Qne year they had twenty j20 million hoard feet]. That year they
pullec3 tY�em aut of Ritner Czeek over i.nta the Hia Luckiamute aad
drove them out. Some af the �.a�rgest loqs that ever came ot�t of
the Luckiamute came out of the Ritner Creek area. Six os seven
feet thrauqh. And they - one year, no tw� ysars, they didn't get
enough water in Ritner Creek I�o s�lash out the logs] so they
built a pole road a miZe long with a statianary donkey, (It sat
at tiie top of the trtotamtain between the headwaters of Ritner Creek
and the Luckiamute).
Z think that donkey #.s sti�.l. sitting there; it was the last time
I was ever there. They built a chu�Le [Chute 2) ancl shot them
over in the Big Luckian�ute an3 drove them on� that way. They
had a baoqn at Tetharow just belaw the mouth of tihe La.ttle Le�ck-
i.amute [� 18� and that 20 mi17.�on backed up for about seven
mzles! {Figs. 3�-35).
40
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'I'he Process of Loaqina and rrivina on t�e Luckiamute
�Iaving examined the hiqh points in the early hzstory of the 5paulding-
Simpson locrgina operatinns on the Luckiamute, in this section the wealth o£
r��iniscences which we were a,ble to tap concernina those operations wi�l be
used ta folZaw thes� from the fellinq of tihe trees to their a�rival at the -
sawmills on the wiilamette.
Red �nyder, wha beqan working for Simpson Lumber Coinpany in 1917, was
hath a�a�ler and a buc3cer. He cZescribes these inf.tial steps in loqging as
practiced on tfie Luckiamuta (Fig, 15):
'Theze was two men on a cresv, usually they had � or 5 crews
workina ati one time. F�aw many trees yau cou3.d cut would depend
on a whole lot of things. oh, the size of the trees, if it was
rough qoina, yau knaw, brush and steep hiZ2s. We'd cut any-
where from 40 to 1�0,000 teet a day. Course that deoended on if
we were working for wages or by the pi�ce. �ot more money work-
ing by the niece, ya kncnv, You had to, in bnckznq; we '�ad to
cu� them big logs - oh, anything up to 6, 7 feet - we had to cut
them 24 £aot lonq. Anything beZow that, we cut 4� feet.
This was because the large diameter logs would be too bia for the evuir�ment to
handle zf they were nat in tkie smalle� 24 foat lengths.
After the loc�s were bucked, two ddnkeys were used to �raq them to the river
or the feeder streams. CJnfortunately Spauldina`s first donkeys were too smaZ], to
handle the iarges� of the tim�er found in the hasin:
Spa�lding had Ysaught two of them '�onday donkeys and he learnt
somethinq, They �aas ail riqht with them small loqs but they
couldn't do notninq witih that biq ti�ber down an �he Luckiamute.
And old Mika McLaughlin run camp foz Spauldinq then - that was
befare my time over there - and they took the Iittle donkeys
and went thrdugh that tract titnber below the Valley and 5ilatz
iP.R] there and iocrged out the small stuff and medium stnff.
Had to leave the big stuff stand. It wasn't until about
I922 or '24 when Fred Ritn�r and Bob Baldaree moved in there
with the biq extension fire hoxes and logged the big timber.
51
Some loqs were taken out turther downstream by o�her operators wark-
ing for themseives or for 5paul�ing as is described in this loqger's Iien:
J. D. Wood claims a Izen upon certain saw loqs, beinq about
one million feet more nr less, Zying in Ritner creek on the
lands of Jaseph Edwards, and iying a.n the woods on the �anc�s
of sairi Joseph Edwards, C. P. �leman and Jacob Kimsey, in
Township IO �outh of Ftange 6 West of the Wi1l,amette Meridzan
in Polk County, Oregon, which said iogs were cu� by me...and
are marked thvs B and a circ�e �[ttte Spaulding brand] and
unmarked...for 2abor performed vpon and ass�s�ance renaered
in cutting or manufacturing loqs....Lewis Edwaxds pxamised
and agreed to pay �o said J. D. Wood the sum of Sixty cents
per thousand feet for logs when cu� by hi�n upon the com!pletion
of the cutting of said logs....That said labor and assfstance
was performed between the 14th. day of :�ay 1906, and the fourth
day af June 1908.
As Leland Prather earlier recalled there were small sp�ash dams used to
sZuice the Spaulding-Simpson ltiqs braught to the headwaters �own to the reservoir
hehind Biq Dam. I,eZand described haw Biq Dam was used in fts las�. year:
ji�hen they leC the Zogs out of t3ze c3am at Camp �alker (Big
Dam] logs would start rvnning into Seekay in akaout an hour.
It was about seven miles. After around 1906 or sa, they
quit using Big Dam, they jus� logged into Seekay. 'i'�tey
just dpened Big �am's gates and just Ieft them open.
Most of our infarmation abo�xt splash dam drivina on the Luc3ciamute therefore
relates to Seekay Dam to which �oas were braught 3�y chutes and two miles of
raiiroad track into the titnher. At the beqinning of winter the reservoir behine�
See3cay Dam woula be filled wittti I.oc�s - anywhere £rom b to I2 million feet -
wai.ting for the winter rains to "qet the water right." "Riqht" was wh�n there
was sufficient watar to clear the ugriver gorqe without the danQer of fioodinq
in the Zawlands which would taka the loqs aut of t'�e r�ver's ban3cs and inta the
42
farmers' fields.
�'hey usually �urn that dam laose when the river was about a
third f�il. A� that time the f Ioad water would �o down and
this natural rain was holding it. Cause if you c3idn't, ynu
�idn't dare aet that out in toe big af watez cause if yoU
did, you put it all out in tha� �armer's field.
���
If you had ordinary wa�er. A�d you take hiqh water, what
you call fZooc�, that didn't work. Someti�es yo� had to
wai� until the water started dropping before you could go
on. Because if you di�n't they'd ao in �he fields.
once released they would keep "the increase of the f 1aw (from the dam] as neax
as level with the top of the hank that they cotild." G�nerally the drive beqan
in the month of I]ecember. Sornetimes i.f tha "water was right," they would beain
the drives earlier. If it was a dry year, the loqs wouldn't be sent dawn until
as lat� as Fehre�ary;
once ia a while they'd turn them Ioose from Seekay clear to
the middle of Feb]Cuary. They wovld log as �onq as they couid,
as long as th�y had any storaqe room, t^?fsen the water was riqht,
�hen they wauld let them aut and run them into that boom - in
those days they would run them into the aid Atwater boo�rt riqht
below Pedee aboUt 3 miles. They had a Zawsuft with a man name8
Taylor 'cause the banks beqan ta wash af£. So, in order to keeo
ther� logs fx�om backing back so far, they moved the bo� ciear
down here to Tetherpw at Elkins (F�,g, 34},
When the water was just right and the men all ready, the huge gates o£ the 8am
were openec3:`��
TYzey nad qates in there with a crank on it, and they'd just
crank the gates up. After that qate was open, mis�er,-she
had ta go £ram then on. Of course, we kept them [logs]
straight. The boom �ogs run u� each side here so they couldn't
run intc� t�he hank. And there was men strung all along there
�o keep them straiqht. If a log ever ga� crosswise in there,
why, hell, you had Z40 acses af water w�iqht on thera. Evexy
once in a whi�.e, they did qet one across there, and they
had quite a time sometimes. One ti�e they had to shatter it.
They had to close the gates. see, the qates was nver about this
far, and the chute was out here. If vou never saw one of them
apen, yau can't imaqine the water that ga�s out ther� - hundxeds
of acres of water back there.
�='hen the dam was opened, you cauld tell 'cause the water would
start comi.ng up. It came up just like the �id� was a'�c�inQ
in on the beach.
According to Leland Prather, Seelcay I7am provided a cushion of wa�er that was
notzceable clear to Kinas Valley.
53
You didn't have to drive the loas in the u�per haZf hecanse the
water from the dam brought them down. Course the flaw from the
dam wen� clear to the (�illamette] river, �ut in the �orae it's
narrow and the water fZattens out �own in the valley 'cause the
stream widens out and slows down. Then, when they open the
dam it would raise the water fonr or five feet in the headwaters.
Dawn toward the mouth the water had receded and there was not
as much �ower to it 'cause she had tZattene� out.
The locrs were an their way dawnriver, and the crew beqan i�s job of kee�ing them
moving toward the mouth 50 miles away:
One time we had about i5 �en on a crew for a loc� drive, but the
regezlar crew on there was about B men. The averaqe driver got
$3 ta $5 a day plus food and lodqinq. You'd just foZlow the
loc�s, you miqht hava a jam up ahead and if they couldn't do it,
�ten you wou�d take the whole damn crew. Ya see, they �ad jam
c�ews and rearing crews. I ran a jam crew for years--2 or 3 of
us would juinQ right on a log with a nike gole or a peavey [Fiq.
35), most generalZy it was a pike pole to start. Many a time,
I wouZd ride from l�ke Lewisville (RM 23) ta Tetherow {RM 18)
down to that boom to see if th�re was any jams and then I ma�ld
come back and then I would help the rearing crew. �r1e had ja�-
ming crews and rearinq crews, but we had to help each other out
depending on what had to be done. The rearina crew knew w�at
they had to do--that was to follow the Ioqs and �ickina them
out o€ the brush and keep them mo�inq--but if you had--we'd
have to send word back to the rearing crew to give us � hand,
And if it was a goocl jam and we couldn't break it, we'd have
to have someone waik to h�re a farmer to qo buy some pawder
and blow the tree out. we just all done what we had to �o to
keep the lags movina.
I wor3ced on the 'jam cr�w', but a lot of times I wovld be ciear
to the fxont, I imagine that there was somewhere around 10 to
12 million feet in a drive, t•*e always c•�aited for th� �oas dcxan
belaw the aorge. I can't exactly tell you where that was, its
ia Kzngs VaZley, prvbably 8 to 1Q �iles belaw Seekay. They had
r�en strung a11 alang the river, there must have been about a
dazen, seemed like it taok us ai�out a±ronth to move 'em throvqh.
It wasn't sa bad at the u�per end `cae�se they hiked riqht alona,
but then they would get down thexe in that sluggish water and
t;�ey diun't move too fa�t. Yoa'd ?��ave to �e rir�ht there to
make sure that evezything went all riaht. c�h, sometimes, they
would get a hig loq and ride it down, sometimes they coould
just hike alona the bank. "iast qenerally, some of 'em would
know where there was a bad spot below and they would aet there
and wait. A couple wouZd aet there and wait ane3 w3�en they (loqs?
car+e t'�rouqh, they would sheer them alqng fast. If they could
hold a sma1,1 size log like the ton of a fir and Y!old it back
in there, anu the o�her loas waul��i bump into them and move
54
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th�m alonq. 'f�y, it would save them a Iot of work. ��ost ae�er-
a21y, they just kept �eanderina alona throuah and you just kept
the� straiaht and kept the� moving alonq. �•'e �aae about 50 cer.ts
an �aur. �our dellars a day an� we had to pay for onr roo� an�
board. That was set un ahead o£ ti�e.
The first few �i�es of the Luckiamute, after the loqs left the �a�, �.yere �retty
good qoinq. Once the drive got to the valley floor, however, where the river
beqins to meander wzl�Zy, the dri V�rS had their hands fuZl:��
S�fi en they qot to the valley, �here was where you had to be on
your toes to keep thin�s a'moving and fram jammina into the
bank. mhe auys was walking xiqht alonq keep�nQ `em. movinq.
�ne of the cr�akedest streams in Oreaon, I auess. ��on'L
thin� there's one �hat's crookeder than it is.....There was
one auy up there that was a pretty hard dr3nking quy, up here
ahove �lkton cauntry, down between that `•+ap2e �zove and the
�out� of the Litt�e Lackiamute, the quy said, 'I don't know
if I'm drinking the right kind of H�hiskey or not, but that
hoUSe has been riqht out there a�l day.' Yon could work
there and aroun� a dozen bends, hut you'd be no farther
away from that house than when you left that morning.....
The banks was in pretty gooc3 shape in those �ays 'cause
the Zogs kent all the br�sh and stuff knocked off it, n�n'�
like it is naa--now that manle r.raw there. It ain't only
about that �ide, buC if that brush is knocked off there, why
it's a pretty good river.
In spite of the jams and the ha�dups and other problems that seem to foliow a
nraject such as this, ttse loa drivers �vere able to take the logs c3own the 5D
miles of the river in a relatively shart time:
They drove about--as a rulE--about 10 or 11 mi]lion a ve�r
out of there. I� took tror� 8 to ZO days to make a drive
fram See?cay. The longest ane I was ever on a�as 16 days.
'^he river was deep enouah to float the loQS all the way
c3awn, unless the water woul� ao to drop�inq, which some-
tir�es it'u c?n that, and you'd have to qsti.t until you aot
another raise in the river---hnt it hardly ever. [did]. �3ne
time we brouqht, I think it F�as, 13 r^i�lian. Six of us
'�]rni1(J�t thd,t gLifl thr+.?�.l[Tl'? *_her ir R r�3��S: ^'1-;�t
was sor,+e pzetty c�amn chea� Ioqs then.
Often as not, when a loq drive was in full �'orce, if t�ere was a locr jain, loc�s
F�oulc� bac3c up for quite a ways. �or.!etimes the loas T•;ould jam uo nn a snaq
or a bend in the river, some*_imes it �aas a�ridge (Fia. 37):
55
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well, s�re, every hrfdqe they (Vallev and Si2etz ?ailroad}
built, they set the pier riqht in the center of the ri��er.
Oh, you had jams on them, don't kid yourself. Some of them
would back �p there for a cou�Ze of miles. In 1915 ar so,
Jim Day was runninq the drive and Faine Simpsan had part of his
crew fxam camp and they (loas) jammed up on that--they had a
little steam donkey �avn there pulling--soms of the 2oas was
shoved right out across the track riqht on top of the �ridqe.
�en they jammed up on tha� bridge, they piZed up clear back
for ahaut a mile. Z`hey Ieft io_qs one year just beZaw Hoskins.
"'Yiey had to go back and get them the fQllowinq year.
'daw, on that Zast drive, that jam was riqht there at that
rai�road trestle and there was a lat of hollerfn' a}�ont that
they were goinq to lose the�r tzes�le zf we �idn't qet that
jam broke uq. They qot it broke up and they di�n't lose any-
thing. They ran 'e� through. If you have a jam of, say, 20
or 3� 2ocrs, you just grab a�eavey and s�art in prying them
Zoose. A Zot of ti�es you can da that. You always star� at
the front end, yo� wotiZd pfck out that 'key' log you could
see this key log, you could see how it was working in there.
�iater wonld be a'r411ing an i� hut then vou cfl�ld see haw it
was doinq so consequent�y you would try to �et that�gne loose.
If you cauldn't do it with a peavey, you'd bZaa it.
Pete Frantz talks about Iog james in his book entitled '"imber iSp The Luc3caainute
There was a loa jam just above F?oslcins onca. we had to stay
back qvite a ways whz�e they were breakinq it up, but we could
s�e the men aut on the river workinq with peavies. Finally, they
�ut in a charge of dynamite. That did the job but it wasn't fun
for the feilow who lighted t.he fUSe, xe ��as a littie bit slow
in getti*�� out of the way when the jam broke �Lt he .^,et o�st a11
right, on the wrong side of the river from the rest of the crew.
He walked dawn to a bridqe and came across there. when he passed
us, �here was sti.Zl water runninQ out o� his boots.
There was another jam one time down below Hoskins that ane never
did get broken up. The �ogs cot jammed in so tight, th� crew
di�n't even try La move and they were left zn the river a�l sur.uner.
The jam made a nice place for the kids to play. ?�?e walked dcywn
the zzver on the logs for practically a r�ile and never could see
Wd�?�' . T�?3r f�l�. � t.}1��1��'? i thQy move� 1�1 a dOn�?y PIIQI?'!p anr�
stzunq out the locrs to Qet thein st�r�.ed . [�fien the water car.�e
up �rith the winter rains the Zoqs finally ran on c?own tt�e river.
That was one drive of logs that got to the mil� a year iate.
Leland Prather added-�
You'd leave some Iogs alpnq the river, but r,?ost years you act
58
them clean the first trip. This was qenerally done between
��cember 5 and the 24th. �h, yes, rne y�ar [I932) they
le�t a million and a half up there.
L'nlike log drives on the Iarger rivers where �rivers and horse teams were kept
supplied by a special crew of coaks and "camp flunkies" and large rafts callea
wannigans (that served as cookhouse, bunkhouse, and stable) follawina on the
river �ehin� the drive, the sitnation an the Luckiamute was entirely di£fer�nt
fFig. 38):
tde ate at farm houses. .he suppiies--sometimes the foad around
noon wasn't even there. You wasn't even anyways near it. Yau
missed lats of ineals. Then, zf the auy wou�d go to s1e�p, you
didn`t get any�hing to eat anyway. t��e siep� in some farm
house....we had that all set up ahead, and the boss usual�y knew
whereabouts snmewhere near wheze we waul� he eating. ��?e'd try
to make it to certain places by niqht�all, some of the nlaces
we stayed were Chambexs at Kinqs !talley, Loves at Pe�ee, the
hoteZ at Azrlie, t.he home of �orcy Turner near Lewisville, the
nomes of ro;ur,,bus and Albert Tetherow and their mother--the Lacy
place--at Parker. Anather thina, in the morning when most people
�aas sleepinq, daylight, we started out and we started up throuqh
the� fields. There was no turning hack no matter what you come
to. You waded right thzaugh her if it ��as u� to your neck and
you were cold. That's the way you went thxough.
mhE onlv snpport equipment used on the L�ckiamute locr arives �aas a 19-foot boat
that followe8 tha Zogs and c�ew down the r�ver. The boat was used to carzy
the crew and equipment, but mostly it was a safety aid for the drivers:
You had to have �oats, tao, on that river crew. The r.iver
crews had to have a boat because they had ta cxoss �ack ana
forth across the rfver. You couldn't always cross thP loqs,
�?e generally didn't put the boat in until we got to Pedee.
After the last iog went by, we would put in the boat. The
boa� was about 19 £eet long and 4£eet wzde; it carried our
eauipment; it wou�d hold 8 men and all the peaveys; but mostly
it was used for safety, in case a auy waul� qet cauqht on a loq.
�ne problem tha*_ wa� a ccr.stant ��crry �£ t�e l�q drivers *Nas risinq u�at�r. If
the water in the river got above bank-fuil s�age, logs would som.etimes hit a
low s�at--generally in a bend of the river--and fillup a farmer's €ield with
59
logs,
I've seen fields clear full of loqs; sometimes o-�e'd come in
there anu ta3ce 'em out; sometimes the caater wouZd ao dc>wn
before we gat to 'em and there they`� set. 'Course the farroer
wau�d holler, he always made out though. F?e qeneralZy got
paid for the crop damage, glus he hac� aZl the firewood he
could cut.
The Zast [locr drive3 they c?rovP out of thera, they qave up
on it 'cavse they lost sn many aff on the side in the fields,
sa they had to come do�� t?�e river with a small donkey on
iogs lashed together. And they pulled loc�s int� the river
and sent ther� dawn.
1lrchie K.zmsey, early 1oq driver born in I890, started his career in Iog drivinq
on the Luckiamuta in 1912. Later, ne drove logs on the *?cKenzie, wil�amette,
5antiam. and rivers in Canada and tiontana. Axchie recalls the prohlems of log
jams:
57
?'hey sp].ashed dammed the Luckiamute a whole 7.ot, you know.
1�nd when they sp�ash dammed them, they fiooded them and
washed them out in people's fields. And they auit that.
�ut years afterward, I and Dave Barger, Sid ?�iller and
A�.f'unk--they sent us up to qet ther� and aave us a little
old '�tonday donkey. we pul.Zed them in--by God! We got
them down to Newberg. t�?e had auite a drive.
pete Frantz aiso disc�sses the problem of logs in the farmers' fieJ.ds in his
boak Timher U The Luckiamute:
^_'hey wanted to pick a tir+e when 'the river and logs would
stay up after they let the water out nf the c�am. TheY
tried to £iaure a time when they could drive clear on
through ta the Willamette River. �f they started a drive
and it beqan to rafn, the river wouid qet too hiqh. nown
in the 1c�wer end of the vall.ey, the river woe�ld flood
and the Iogs would be swept out a�l over the country. A
loa could qet to a icnv sno�, drift out of the river� and
end up in same �armer's fie3.d.
�?rdinarily, mast af the prob3.ems assaciated with 7.og drives
were down on the I.o�aer end of the rzver i.n the f3.at country
hefoze the '�lillamettp River. '^he lovs that had landed in
a fiel� had to be nulieu� back to the river channe�. tIn
douht, the loqgers would have to pay a little da�:aae r+oney
to the farmers. Yardznc logs acxoss a r^an`s field wouldn't
help his £armina one bit.
C�
61
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The laqs progresse� down the river in spite of all the problems. Thp w�ole
idea was to azrive fin�lly at the sxte of the £irst "boom" lacated at Tetherow
(�ig. 35). rTaw, a boom is simbly �oas attached to a cable that is secured to
trees or stumps on ei�her side of the river. Its purpose is to hald the loqs
from the drive back until �hey are needed for raftinq. �here were three holdinq
booms along tYie way. The first boom was oriainally at "A�aaters" jus� below
Pedee at R� 29; however, a Iawsuit with a�an named Taylor forced the removal
of that boom to "TEtherows" nea� Elkins, just �elow the m.outh of the Littie
Luckiamute at R� 18. mhe second boom was located at P�t 3 and the third and
final boom was situated at the mauth.
�hat's how come--you see, we owned those booms there from the
later years. ;•�e had a boom just below the farks af the Littie
Luckiamute. Tiie aot everythina we had on the �rive in the boom.
kTe checked the water, we wat�he� to seE t�at the water was iust
right before we turned 'em {logs) loose. �ecause if we didn't,
in abont 2 hours, th�re �aonld be loqs over the banks and out in
th� �ieias 5o that was one thina we had tfl c�eck. �ow the water
was raisina or fa3lin� or haw ha�d it was raininq, if it was
raining, paurin� it back into the river. '.��ell, then, you had
to use your judqement. Then we'd run 'em �own to th� (second)
hoidinq dam 3 mi�es above the mouth. ':� en we would turn out
what we wanted to raft into the low�r boom, ria�t in the mouth
of the Lvckiamute.,.You'd dzdn't dar�, i� was accordina ta the
weathez or the water whether you could have any more than two
days in that lower boom. If vou crot a quick raise, it would
4eti so swift� tt��Ere they (loas) would qo ricrht under ithe baom) .
You'd have to geL 'em rafted and aet 'em ou� of there.
'"here could even be troubie at rhe r�out� of the Luckiamute:�'
But you know, at t�ie mouth--one tir�e we aot stuck with ].oQs
there. � think that was in the '20s, around 1920, the first
year we had it. The water dro�ped and �ae was havina trou�le
even crettirq them rafted sa we could qet them tio the mill.
�n�' they turned t:�is �?am loose and the water, and that onl�,�
raised it a foot at the *�outh.
52
Then the iocrs were raf�ed. P.afting loqs is the securina of the locrs
tagether with cabZ�s to a2.Zaw thesn to be tow2d dawn the river by tuqboats or,
in the case of the early days, by steamboats (Fiq. 39):
I even saw 'em raf�. 'em before the steamboat. They ctsed to raft
`e� down by hand. *Ranpower� four men, all you di3 was steer 'em.
Oars on each end, and if you wanted to--naw, for instance, yau
was coming down in a straiqht section of the river, and the river
made a croak, you would swing the tail enc� af tha�. raft over with
that upp�r oar, swinq that tail end clear over to the ban�c way
above that point. Same way you did when yau was towing regular.
You would swina that taa.l enc� just as far avex to the bank as you
could get it. Some�imes you woulc3, if it was covered with willows,
you could sl�ove that raft xight into those wf.11ows to slow her u�.
Yo� had oars at both ends, the rafts would be about a 150 to
200,�00 feet. After that, they used steamboats, just one stearrr
boat for raft though. The Cit of FuQene and the Gray Faa3.e
awned by S�pau�ding, was what tawed rnost of 'em.
t�ihen the drive itseif and the years of c�rivinq were over, what di� the
lumberman think of that vocation? aed 5nyder the lum3�erjack was neqative:
Oh, na, no. i was never on a locr drive. Knew a�out 'em though.
They took pZace in the winter time ° Decem�er, January. I was
already out of t?�e wdods by then, my, yes. Roads qot so bad, you
know, couZdn't work, you'd sink to yoezr ears. Kno�a of one fella
that c�rowned on one of those drives down tf�e Luckiamute. ")aired
Kenworthey. Ya sure �?idn't want any part of tnat. Too wet.
Too cold .
But the :3river .`.ims�lf sang anot�er tune;
I'd rather drive loc7s any time. Yau made a�ec3c af a Iot more
money. Log driv�nq wasn't any *�ore danqeraus than workinq in
the woods. There is one thina about the river, one thing, you're
not wadinq throuqh all that �arush �nd climbina th�m steep si-�e-
nills. E've done hoth, and I'd tak� the river any tzme.
(Leland Prather)
I wouldn't say you mac3e more money at laa drivina, rt t more
the idea that yau were �ushing the Ioqs to market. "'.y who].e
f3I1`lZf :O�S ��1TS�Y rats' � �3;;3::�•� r'0�3 � t}]dw�� W?:u* �:':�l calle�
log drivers. ATy dad was a river c3river and alI sQVen of r.±y
uncles was �rivers. They c�XOVe on the Kennebec River and rhe
Per.qhscat� and the Allagash. (Lawrence F, Davis)
63
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So�e of those fellows just 3ik�d that job. The pay was better
than the average 3oQger because there was m.ore danqers. There
*�as no way a man could keep �xy on the job �ecause he either
fell in or go� water splashed an him. It was not a job for
sissies or peo�le who Ziked to be co�fortah�e in their work.
{Pete Frantz}
Spauldin 's Last Years on the Luckiamu�e
Locr driving on the Luckiamnte was an annual event from I900 to 1914 when
Sitr.psan and Spauldinq began to have trouble with the Iocal Iandaraners and the
Valley and Siletz Railroad. Farmers believed that splash dam driving from 5eekay
dam was causina permanent loss of their lands and sought ta stop the practice.
In the event it was a grist mi31 cywner in Kings Va�ley who �rought s�it, Logan
v 5imnson and 5�auldina, in Polk County Circuit Court to stop the practice and
the defendants were ordered to:
refrain from abnozmally or artificiaiZy increasinq the flow of
water in the south fork af the Luckiamute River, and from
suddenly or at once re�easina the water or any considerable
portion of the water in either of the �ams aforesaid, and
from drivina the saw loqs oF the defendant down the south fork
of the �uckiamut� Rxver, excegt under the norma.l and natural
fiaw af the water therein.
As indicated in the reminiscences of Leland Prather, the Valley and Siletz Rai.l-
road had built the s�iers of their trestles in the middZe of the river which
inevitably caused the drives to collide with them. Their suit to stop the use
of 5eekay dam coincided wi.th that of Loqan at PoZk Caunty Circuit Court. �n
Valley & SileGz Railroad Comnanv v Sis^,pson Loqqina �'ompany t�^.e caurt made the
fallowing findina of £act:
�hat the arti£icial floods created by the defendant...have
raised the water in the said strear� �ram �wo to three feet
above its noxznal stage at naints as far as £ourteen r�iles
lae�ow th� dam. That the sai� artificial floocls have c?am-
aged the 3ands and have interfered with the ].awfu� accvp-
ations of divers and sundry persons Iivirtg and conducting
business along the banks of the said rivez below the said
dam. That durinq the winter of �9�3 and 19i4 a laroe
quantity of loqs were released by t�e defendant from the
65
da� aforesaid on artificiai water, and were carried down the
south foXk of the Luck�a�ute River to a noint where a bridqe af
the plaintiff, knawn as "Hastings Bridge", crosses the said stream,
and the said logs jammed at the said point in tih� south fork of the
Luckiamute Rivex and threa�ened the safety of the said hridqe, and
would have car�ied the same o�t but £ar the exertfons put forth by
plaint�ff and by the defendant to break the sai� jam and take the
said logs furthar down the said river..... When Iogs are so run
in the sa�� rivez (they] endanqer the �ive bridqes of the plaintiff
above zeferred to, and will in time �estroy one or more of the sai�
bridges to the damage af �he plaintiff in the sum of at Zeast
$17,000.00, and to the interruptian as we�l o� oiaintif£'s work
in the construction, maintenance and operation of its railway line.
To Simpsan and Sg�ulding's benefit the court aZso found as a matter of fact �hat,
"The south fork of �he Luckiamute piver �s a stream naviga3ale £or the ��oatage
of �ogs on natural water for a num3�er of periods in the wintex seas�n of an
averaqe year," but the defendaats arere aaain en�oir.ed from splashinq loqs on
the rzver. Simpson and Spaulding bent before this onslaught, one of the purgoses
of whi�h was to forc2 them tio use the services of the railway. They put un a
$5,Q00 bond required �y the court aaainst splashing the river but nroceede� ta
dxive on its natural flows. R year after this decision, the Tisnber�an cauld
report that the Charles Spauldina Logging Company had �ade a drive of 6�illion
feet on the Luckiamut� an a natnral freshet, the £irst time they had driven the
river on naturai waters. The r.ext logginQ season the journaZ also reported that
they had aotten �ut their Ioas on the Luckia�ute. �t was in these drives that
Leland Prather beqan log drivina for Spaul�inq under their foreman, Jim Day,
so his drivinq exn�rience post�ated the lawsuits and were �ane on natural flows
68
of the river.
Spau�ding was the first operator to take advantaqe of the �Lsen Logaing �i21
of 1917 which allawed the Pub�ic Servxce Commission to qrant hooming franchises
on the rivers of Oreqon. Spaulding's franchise Pxtended from �iver Mile 51 to
P.iver Mile 5 and include� the two �ams a� R�ver Mi3es 49.7 and 46. Loaan
unsuccessfully tried ta nrevent the arant of the �ranc�ise �r�hich accvrred on
66
So 5QauZdina continu�d to drive the Luckiamute. Iti was in the latter
years that the recorded £atalities on Luckiamute drives accurred: Louie �T�inert
in 1920, Kenworthy in 1923, an� �o�vin on another drive.�� "One year we went
through there with 5(iog arivers]. A auy c�rowned and c•re aamn near aIl auit."�
Lawres�ce E. �avis, whose fami�y maved �ra�tt Fairfieid, yaine, where they had
been log drivers, to Airlie in 1913 and there beaan sawmilling anc� log drivina
on the Luckiamute, recalls that he narticipated in his first drive durfnq 1922.�
�.'hat year the Zocal �armers wrote ta the Public Sezvice Commission nrotestina
that 5pauldinq planned ta ase his splash dam in thi5 drive. �� one af the latter
drives the lnnaest logs to ga dawn the river came out, 50 footers were taken out
to fill a s�eciai order.�� At Iast, hawever, Spaulding came to terms with the
Valley & Siletz Railroad to take aut his l.ogs (Fia, 40).
Leland Prather statec3 that ne and h�.s father took part in Spaulding's last
drive on the Luckiamute in.the season I924-25. The £allawing year the comoar�y
went in to salvaqe Iocrs Ieft on the strear�, and that was the end. In I929 they
surrenc3ered their booming franchise back to the Public Service Commission. Fn
�heir testimony durina the hearing for that purpose C. K. Spauldinq recalled the
histary of their franchise:�
B�:fore thi.s franchise was qranted, we had nsed the river �or many
years...for the floa�inq of loas, 4'e expected to continee, an�
when tnis law was passed of course it became incumbent upon tis tc
pratect the riqhts whzch we had had, the use 4*hich 4re had heen
mak�,na of the river, and wE took out the £ranchise. Conditions
have come about since then tl�at with the rai3road in nohadv wants
to send loas by a�ater. T�Te have totally ceased to use the river for
the purpose of ta3cina out our logs or anyone e�.se's. Tr?e haven't
had a d�mand fat sa many ye�r� tnat 2 c�n't teii you when, from
anyone, to do any work under this franchise for others.....Any
matter of income that shows in these reports is from ourselves
on�,y.....The last time that we drove Lhe river T believe we had
innumerable complaints alonq the 3ine.....�rTe have had a num�er of
lawsuits staz�ted, and frank].y, qentiemer�, we �vould not dare now
to start to use the river.
The next year the company was braken by the Great �epression.
68
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69
Final Drives on the Luckia�ut�
The Bepression which proved fatal to Charles K. 5pauldina Loctginq Company
encouraged s�aller loggina operators to continue to use the cheap transport
provided by some of �reqon's rivers. They also exploited �are sneczal�zed
markats which cantfnued in the stagnated economy. On the Luckiamut� this includ-
e� the �oaqing of hardwoods alanq the lawer valiey oortian of the river for a
Portland furniture �anufacturer and white fir for the oreQan ri�y pulp �ills
(Figs. 4I-46}:�
Dad (E8 Prather) and I vwned that �oom, and we logged a Zot ot
magle and white y3r. Dad and I, in '29, we cut timber clear to
Lewisville {Maple Grove}. The mapie went ta Doernbeckers and the
white fir went to Oreqon Pulp and Paper Mill. That drive was
better �han 3 millian and that wa� the Iast drive of any size
that ever came out of there. t:e Iogged it in '29, we didn't qet
any water until February to drive it. After 193D, I and 4 ar
5 other fellaws drove but not in any such an a�ount as that. �?e
probably had about 500 to �Qa,OflO and we did �hat every year
until 1938. The only other person drivina then was a fellow
natsEed Christenso�. "'he Christenson brothers. They loqaed and
drove �bout a half a mf�lion from 3ust above Pedee in 1937.
In 1938, Dad and I ran the last loq dr�ve down the Luckiamute.
I t�rned the boom at the mouth loose in 1940. I just cut the
cables on her and let her go.
Thus nea�ly a century of locr drivinq on the Lucki�mute ende�. A reasonabie
minimum �s�imate is that over 300 �r�iZlion b�ard feet of loas came �3own this smal�
river. A.t 2,000 feet oer log this would be over i50,0�0 loas or the Ioad of
60,00� logging trucks. In turn these aze the eqt�,zvaient of 25,0�}0 single-family
dwellinqs. At I981 stumpage prices, the IaQ value wouid be �•�ell over SZ�5 mi�.lion.
'10
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76
If I had it to do all aver, 2'd drive logs again. Yes� I would.
I think any guy would if he had any pep at all. Another thing,
it was more money. It was like any other �ob, there's bad days
and there's good ones. Yes, I think if I was workina out there
in the river today, I'd still wade out there the same as I did,
even if it was the last breath I ever drew. The�e was someth�ng
c3ifferent every minut�, it was never Lhe sante. Lats of �obs, 3.t
was the same thin_q every day, but I.oq drfvi,ng it was dif�erent--
every minute of the day. Lots of people said, 'I don't knaw how
you stand �t---that rcugh weather--' but that weather ain't half
as bad out there as i� is sitting in the hause laoking aut at it.
Another thing you coula, in those days, you could buy clothes
that wvulfl take care nf that, anc3 that's somethi.nq you can't do
today. Log dri.ving wasn't any more �angerous than working in the
woods, no, it wasn'C. �f yatt grew up in it, it's Iike any othe�c
job that you da, You don't pay any attentian to the danger part.
Ycu pay attentian to what you do. It comes natural for some quys,
sarne guys it don't. There`s some guys that cauld never Iearn to
ride a ing. I had a brather, he could stand on �he biggest log
in the world and make it rol�,. I usec3 to te�.l him that he was
round-footed. There is just a knack to it. It's li.ke oid Archie
Kimsey said to me, ''This old arthritis is bothering me so bad
so�etimas I think I woulda't do it again--bat you know as we11
as I that I would.' •
77
LUCiCIAM[3TE RIVER 'Lf� DF2IVFRS
J. A. "Jack" Psescott & Veness
Dave, Phy and Faine Sitnpsan
M. N., Ed, and Jim Prather
Sutters
N!ike and Billy McLaughlin
F. A. Tayl.or
Frec3 and Grant Halt
Abe and L. Parter
flick and Don Siddal
Sob Phillips
�'rank aeadman
Tom AZlen
Archie Kerber
Jim Jay
Fred Ritner
Dutch Copeland
Shorty rlytrfan
Curlep f?ar�an
Arthur, Henry and F•{yron �aker
S. C. Clevelancl
�'red stump
E. G. �iarris
Fred ��h^sto.^.
� ina�o n s
Godvin
Louie �•leinert
Kenworthy
�awrence r. Davis
A.rchie Kimsey
Le�and Prather
OTHER ?1AVIGATIOPd
The L[�ckiamute l�ike other rivers r�urinq the pioneer period had ferries
established at various strateeric crossinas:�
'?'wo miles ta the west of Auena Vista was Hloominqton. "'here
in 1847 harrison Linvi�le had taken a land claim and huilt a
large log house and othez buiidinqs, where he enrxaqed in farm-
ing, stock raisina and st�re 1ce�ping. The movements of zncom-
ing sattlers �ere such that he iaas soon pzofitably operating a
Ferry across the Luckiamute xiver. in the '�orties the main
road between Postland and California, through the Willar+ette
Va1Zey, crosse� the Luckiamute at Linvilie's Ferry. In addition
to the emiqrant trade, in I848-50, were many gaZd-seekers qoing
�o and from the �nines in California. � few years later, soldiers
qoing and retuxning from k'arts Hoskins and Yamhill crossed by
the ferry at Bloo�nington, which was narrsed as a nost office in
1853.
From the r.tid-nineteenth to the early twentieth c�ntury, ferr�es continued to
operate on the Luckiamute. Three of the more oopu�aX ferrfes were the Linville
Ferry )�ocated at Parker, established in the �840s and also known as the Bloam-
ingtan Ferry (Fig. 6} the LewisvilZe Ferry, presently *�ta�Ie Grove, at apnrox-
imately River :�ile 24 {�ig. 4} and �he Davir3son �'erry where Davidson Bridge
is now Zocated b rniles abave the river's mauth.
Shippina was actually attempted on the lower Luckiair�ute. As �he story qoes.
in 1878 a man named Capt. J. L. Smith had a stern-wheei st�amer btiilt and launch-
ed in Port�and. It was named the Luckiamute Chief. �f cheap canstruction, it
was less than 100 feet lonq narrow and of s�?all�w �raft. She was �lace� on
the Luckiamute and as�end�d 18 miles up the river, but ear3.y a.n J.879 the vessel
30
was abandoned. That the po�ential head of vessei naviaation was the mouth o�
the Little Luckiamute is borne oat ry a story to�d hy Leland Prather:
I had an uncle (Otis Coleman) that was a mate on these [river]
boats £or years. F?e was a boat tramp.....He told r�e about a
trip up the Luckiamute on a hoat, a little steamhoat they hac3.
Anyway, �hey ?�ad a heck of a time---trees, snacrs, and the Iike.
Said it tootc 'em about 3 days to r�ake Lhe trip. They made it up
78
to the �outh of the Little Luckiamute and iaaded with arain
and Iumber. That was for a mill, the sawmill. A rnsy by
the name of Stronq had built that, he was the forerunner
of the Corvallis Lutnber Company which tihe t•�illamette �TalZey
I.umber Company later �ought out. � believe he told �ne they
quit tha� and taok the little steamboat down to the Pudding
River .
Dnring the log drfvinq era, the Luckiamute was kapt tree fram debris anc3
snags and there are notices of private rowboats operatinq, especia�.ly on the
Zow2r river during that periad. Since than, however, the more sluqaish section
of the river (RM 2Q to the mouth) has c3eveloped numerous debris �ams as well
as si:nkers or snags which prevent any serious recreational baating. Conver-
sations wit�h Iocal sesidents and the district fish bi.ologis� of the i]epartmen�
of Fish anc3 wi�dlife confirm that only an occasional canoe or Jon boat is used
an the river at the present time.
Cb1VC LUS ION
Beainning in the i85Q's the Luckiamute beaan to be used as a highway £or
commerce by settlers in the area. It was not a river on which stearni�oats coui8
operate, but Ioqs were flaated down to the VanPeer sawmill at Hoskins. Later
*�e beqinning of lpe dr;ving on �he �ig Luckiamnte wouYd be datec� te I885, but
this referred �to c�rives of logs, initially about 2 million board feet per year,
which were destined ta go c3own the Luckiamute and the Willamette to �nil].s at
Salem, Newberg and Oreqon City. The early drives were conducted wittt the natural
wi.ntex ri.se a� water in the river, but `rom 1900-14 the C. K. Spaulding and
Sisnpson �rathers laggiag campanies conducted �assive drives-up to 20 million
board £eet in one year--with th� aid af large permanent splash dams near the head-
waters of the river. As the results of lawsuits in I914 5pau3.ding reverted to
dri.ves with the naturaZ flows o£ the river untiZ he stopped driving in 1925-25.
In the early 1930's th ere were some findl larqe scale Zoq drives conduGted with
79
the r:atura3. flow of the river on the lower Luckiamute. This histoxy of
com�ercial navigation with regularly recurza.ng na'tural high water from t.he
�850s to 190� arad 1914 to 1938 are the basis for i State of Oregon's c�aim
to the bed of the Big Luckia�ut� �xotn River 1�SiZe 40 above Hoskins to the mouth
of the Luckiamu�e in the �Tillamett.e River.
:r
FOOTNQTES
�. U. S. Corgs of Enaineers, Luckiamute �iver Basin (Z976).
2. U. S. Corps af Engineers, Flood Plain Information, Wfllamette River and
mributaries in F�arion and Polk Counties {196B), [►ol. I, p. 45.
3. [Oregon] 5tate �Tater Resources Board, td�ddle Willamette River Aasin
(Salem, 1983), p. 3.
4. U. S. Geoioctical Survey, Water Resources Data for Orevon, 1978, �Tater Data
Report OR-78-1 (Por�land, �979), pp. 368-69.
5. Water P.esources Soard, �fap Ne. 2.6, °uTiilantette Drainaqe Basin" (Z9F4) from
which ?tiver `3i1es used in thzs report are taken.
6. F�aod P1ain Informatinn, np. �6-�7.
7. U. S. Census, driginal �teturns {June 1879}, 5pec3al Scheduie of 'tanufactures 3,
"Lumber �1ills and Sawmili," Polk County, �±onmouth and �riclgeport Precincts,
Oregon State Library Microfilm 28-48, State L�.brary, Salem.
8. The Ti.m�erman, 17:10 EAug i916), p. 5Z.
9. James Farnel3., Division of State Lands, interview with Leland Prather, Suena
Vista, 10 Dec 1980; !]ivision of State Lands staff intervisw with Leland Prather,
15 Sep i976, pp. 13-14.
10. Polk County Commissioners Journal, i�!ay 1901, PoZk County Courthouse, Dallas;
col�xmbia Fivar and Oregon '�imberman, 2:7 (May 190Z?, p. 25.
11. Polk County Circuit Court Case r7o. 324£, "Request for Injunction, October
7.9Q1." Polk Caunty Caurthouse.
12. Ibid., Case Nos. 3475, 3563, 3642; Po1k County �!echanics Liens, Vol. 1& 2,
p. 198; VaI. 3, pp, 165-72, Polk County Courthouse; DAR, PaZk County Pioneer
Sketches, p. 1d5; Polk County Centenr�ial Committee, 1Q� Years in Polk County
{ballas, 1947}, p. 87,
13. Lay "Red" 5ny�er Testir�ony for Divisian of State Lands, 1977.
24. WPA Historical F.ecords Eurvey, Benton County, "Interviews - R. Y. Franz,"
�regon State Lihrary, Galem and Ynventory of the County �rchives of �reaon:
nTO. 2, Benton Count {pprtland, 1942), n. �-�7; 186� Census of `�anufactures,
Schedule S, �enton County, �regon State Library '4icrofilm 25--47, State LS.brary;
Carvallis Gazette, Ben�on Co. OraQOn (I883), p. 23; !?ivision of �tate Lands
P�at Eook *Io. 399, T IO S P, 6 5�7. 5ee also t?illiam A. Aawen, "_'he ulil�amette
Valley, '�igratian and Settiemer.t on the c�reqan �'rontier (Seattie: University
of Washinqton Press, 1978), gp. 62-63.
1.5. k'. C. "Pete" Frant�, mir.�ber L'D the Luckiamute (1976), n. d.
16. 1880 Cansus of Manufactures, Schedule 3, Benton County, Kinas Valley
Precinct.
i7. Evadna Prather Testirnony £or Division af State Lands, 1977. Mansnauth Polk
County Observer 29 Jan 1889.
18. Independence west 5ide 21 Jan i890; 3Q Jan, 2� r�ar �891.
19. �ivision o£ State Lands Piat Book No. 399.
20. Independence West 5ide for dat�s �iven exceflt tor the 2� hTarch �895 item
from the Independence Enterprise.
21. Lena Belle Tartar. Chronicles £rom Peciee, Oreqon (CorvaZlis: Continuinq
Education Books. OSLT, 1974). pP. 95�9�.
22. Independence Enterprise, I$ Apr 1895; James Farneli interview with Leiand
Prather, 10 Dec Z980.
23. Pacific Coast Wooc3 & Yran 23:1 (Jan 1890}, p. I7R; 15:1 (Jan 1891), p. 23.
24. Items with daily dates from Independence [�Jest SidE except F hTOV �902 �rom
Independence Ente�r r�ise; monthiy dates from Columbia R.iver and Oreqon Timberman
and see ibid 1:8 (June 1900y, p. 17. Far �onco's mill see Tartar, Chronicie
p. 97.
25. Divis�on of State Lands staff interview with Leland Prather, pp. e-9; Steven
nioser interview with Leland Prather at Camp Walker, 1 nct I976, p. 10;
Lawrence E. Davis Tes�imony for Division of State Lands, 1977.
2b. Colum�ia F.iver and t?regon Timbezman, 3:5 (Mar Z902), p. 27.
27. First item and August Z900 from Pacific Coas� �]ood & Iron 34:1, p. 15, 34:2,
g. 66; alI others from Columbia ??iver and Oreuon Timiaerman, 1:8, p. ].8; 1:1Z,
p• �0; 2:2, p. 6; 3:8. P• 7; 3:10, p. f�; p. 9; 5:4, n. 13: 5:1d, p. 3�;
6:6, p. 28; 6:10, p. 40A; 7:2. P. 48; 7:B, p. 408; 9:5, P• 240.
28. 42 �R 394; Brief of Apnellant, np. �-2; Pespondent's Brief, pp. 2-3.
29. Palk Caunty Circuit Court Case No. 4585, "Gomp2aint".
30. Dee and Dow 5imgsan Testimony for Division of State Lands, 1877.
3I. i,eland Prather Testimony, 1977.
32. Ibid , and L%ee anc3 Uaw Si.mpson I`estimony.
33. Polk County Circuit Gour� Case *10. 4584, "Complaint".
34. Lawrence E. Davis Tes�imony; Po2k County CirCUit Court C'ase "70. 4559,
"Compiaint".
35. Red Sny�er Testimony, and Division of State Lands staff interview with
Leland Prather, p. 9.
36. Palk County Circui� Court Case �o. 4584, "Camp�aint".
37. Leland Prath�r Testimony; The Timberman, 10:4 (Feb I909}, p, 328,
38. Red Snyder Testir.�ony.
39 . Ib id .
40. Polk County Mechanics Lien Book 3, p. 304 and see p. 299.
41. Leland Prather Testfmony.
42. Division of State Lands interview with Le�an� Prather, p. S; Steven Moser
interview with Leland Prather, p. 2.
43. Lawrence E. Davis Testimony.
44. Leland Prather Testi.mony.
45. Steven Moser interview with LeZand Prather, p. 3.
46. Lawrence E. Davis Testimony.
47. Leland Prather Testimony.
48. Lawrence E. Davis Testimony; Divfsion df State Lands staff interview with
leland Prather, pp. 7, 10, II.
49. Ibid. , pp. 7, Zfl, 42--43 and sea p. !?.
S0. Steven !tioser interview with Leland Pxather, o. 13.
51. Lawrence E. Davis Testimony.
52. Frantz, Timber p. 10.
53. Divfsion of State Lands staff intezview with Leland Prather, p. 43.
S4. Ibid., �up. 16-17; Leland Prather, "Loaginq" {�rpescript, 1975y.
55. Division of State Lanr�s staff interview with LeZand Prather, p. �8.
56. Lelan� Pra�he� and Lawrence E. Davis Testimonies.
57. Archie Kimsey Testimony for Divisian of State Lanc3� 1g77,
58. Frantz, Timber pp. 10-Z�.
59. �eland Prather, "Lo«ging"; Le�.and Prather Testir:�ony.
E0. Steven Moser inte�view wit?� i.eland Prather, p. 4.
b1. Leland Prather Testimony.
62. Red 5nyder Testimcny.
53. Leland Prather and Lawrence E. Davis Testimonies; Frantz, mimher, p. 10.
6�. PoZk County Circc�it Count Case �to. 4584, "Order".
65. Ibid Case No. 4559. "Findinq and Concl�sion".
66 . �b id .
67. The 'Ti.*�berman 17:2 (Dec 1925), P• a8; I7:3 {�an I9i6). P. 32�; Z7:9 iJuly
1916) p. 52.
6B. Steven Moser interview with Leland Prather, p. 8.
69. t•iss RGP-12, 69A-18, 2tem Z, File L�-F-1, Oreaon state Archives, Salemn and
see �'he Timherman 19:9 (July 1918}, .p. 2S; 20:1 {Nov 1918�, p. 48.
70. Prather, "Logginq"; Division of State Lands staff interview with Leland
Prather, p. I7; Lawrence E. Davis Testir�ony.
71. Steven r:oser interview with LeZand Prather, p. 1�.
72. Lawrence E. Davis Tastimony.
73. Fi1e L-F-1, State Archives.
74. Azvision of State Lands staff intezview with LEland Prather, P. 15.
75. Sames Farnell interview with Lel.and Prather, 10 Dec 1960; Lawrence E. �avis
Testimany; File L-F-1, Stiate ArchS.ves.
76. LeZand Prather Testimony, and see Fxantz, Tir.�ber, p. 11.
77. Stumpage value ($550 per I000 board feet} f�am Everett �!unt ;!�regon State)
Forestry, 27 Jan �98i.
78. Howard ".. Corning, °Ghost Towns on the 4?illamette," Oreaon �istorical
�Juarterly 48:2 (2947), p. 56.
79. Leland Prather Testimany.
80. K. F�1. ?�acDuffee, ?3avigation Upper Willamette Pi.ver (Portland: U. S. Engineers,
1940), p. 33; ?u!arion County *�echanic Lien Baok I, p. 187, Sta�e P.rchives.
81. Division of Stat� Lands sta�f interview with Lelanr� Prather, p, afi.
82. Independence 5�est Sir?e nassim infvrm.atian from Department of f ash and
Wi�dlife. 1577.