Port of Astoria FarnellPORT 0� ASTQRIA
RIVERS
�1AV�G,A�ILITY STU��Y
�
By
.3�s E. Farnell., PE�.Do
Rese�.rch Ainalyst III
DN�ION OF STA'�'E IANl�S
Sa.7.�n, O�egc�t�
Sept�er, 19�31
I�TRObUCT�GN
Under �h� Equal Footing clause o� �he Oregon Admiss�ons Act, �he United
• States Gavez�nment tr�n��e�red awnersh�p af the beds af a�l na�igable wa�e�,rays
' to the State of Cregan in 1859. A� �he �ime af this repo�t, the full ex�ent
. nf Gregon' � ownership i.s �zzknawr�. 'T��� presen� de^v�Zopme�it ��ends aZcng o�sr
� wat�rways make z� apparent tha� the Iocatirsn nf the State/Privat� baunda�ies
�� i� nf ex��eme impar�anoe. �he .1973 Legislature recogn.zzec� �.h�.s and p�.sse�
f]RS 274oq29�-�34. This 1.aw direct� the Division of Sta�e Lards to make a study
of a�i n�e�on�� waterway� and to make public their �indings. ThiS study includ�s
the rive�s wh.ich f7.ovr into Youngs Bay Qz the Columi�ia withir. the Por� o�' As�arza` s
baundaries, bu� not the Neaaniertym i�..ver which has b�en �.nc�ue�ed in another stvdy.
The researcher is inde�t�d ta the 3.ate Russell Dark who sha�ed with �iiM
much o� the l�istara.cal znformation on C�.atscsp Cn�xnt� wlza.ch I�� had ccs���ated over
� many years. The Asfioria PubI.ic Library's index of local new�p�.pers, 1873-3.90Q,
. made .it �ossible �o avoid �he drudger� of_sea.�cha.ng all �ssues o� �he ci�y��
da�Zy newspapers an �h� era o� grea�est laggzng activities, TY�ey a�.sa allowed
, m� access tcs the Russe�.� i�ark coll�ction now a.n th�.�r passeswiar�. `�'he fo] lcwing
insti�u�zons alsa e�ctended their serv�ices d�r�ng �he course of researc��:
Ox�gon Historical Society Sta�e Lib�ary
. Cla�so.p Cnunty Caur�house Sta�e Archives
. CFtEST
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TH� B.ASTN
The ra.vexs examin�d in this st�xdy are all faa.rly shor� stream� wI:ich
empty inta Ynungs Bay ar the Columbz.a Ri.ve� jus� upstream �rom Astori�
(�'ig. 1) . Th� iongest is the LewS.s and Cl�k of 27 mz�,es I�ng�h, equ�l tn
that of the Cia�skani� in Col.umbia Coun�y. �iery nf th� streaz�s were ca�.�.ed
crc;eks in earlier times and can onlp }ae ca�.,led rivers in �heiz tidal estt�axies
where their wic�th and dep�h warraz'at that description. .
The slopes �f �he rivers (�'ig. �) va�y considerably fra� the �k�panan
whiah is a.�mos� f1.at to Big Creek, w�.�h an av�rage gradien� cs� �.35 feet pe�
�i�.e, o� tk�e headwat�rs of ather streaites. All, Iike tY�e Skipar�on, have very
�.ow gradYents C1.05� to tidewate�.
Rain�all in �he basin is notoa�S.ously plentiful and accu�s in particu�.ar
abunc�anc� fram early Nav�:mber thrnugh Ia�e March and is �x'nmediate�.y r�f�ect�d
in high stream runoffs during tho�e periods {Fig. 3)a S�reamf�.aw data is not
cuxrently �aub�.ished but the fol7.aw�:ng infnrmation f�� the years �.933-�58 �zs
avai.3able :
Rive�
Young�
Lewis & C�ark
Big Creek
Sc�aar� M�.�.es af p�rainage
12 2
52
�9
Average A,nnua�. Yie�d
in Flc�e �`e�t
4C3 r 3(70
is�, �roo
127,100
�h� ecnnomy of the area drained by these s�reams is dam�.nated b�� tl�� tir��ber
industrp, �ho�:gh there is con5iderab3.e pastttxage and some arable cultivation,
esp�eial�y in the tidewater regions.�'
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A. YOUNG`S RIVER
�PROFII.� FqR I,EWlS AND CLARK �21VER i
NEARLY COl�GRUENT, WITF{ APPROX. I/2 T�tE �
MONTNi.Y DlSCHAFtGES.
���. �. AVERAGE M4NTH�Y D�SCHARGE, l933 - 1958
�7IV15l�€V 0�' STATE LANDS , SEP�'EMBER 24, 1981
v(i l. IV V V. UC4i. JAiY. tttl. MRK. A Yri. MAT UUiV. J UL. ALFSi. i1 GM.
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N,AVZGATION
The 5�a�e of Qregon has �itle tv th� beds c�� �e lawer �.�ng�.izs of the
ra.ve.�s and streams in �he basin based on. their �idal charactax, Vesse�
navigataorz occuxred ia� the gast anc� occurs now in these re�ches.
One of the earliest accaun�,s of �he naviga�a.ona3. use of a speci�a.c �each
nf one of the rzvars is �o be faund in the 3u�.�r 1Z, ].873 Oregonian whe�ein
w. H. Srni.th decrzed a snisrepresentation of ths c�a.�ficul,�ies of usirzg tl�e
Lewi.s and Clark. He argued �Ytat i�s capaaity for navigatifln was demonstrate8
traenty yea�s earl.ier when a large saw�i.1,1 existed a� F°ort C�.atsop �a which
laacge seagoing vessels ascended doc3red, and took cargoes of �umber fram the
sawma.lI. to San E"ra�cisca. 'i'lzis vras th� Harald oz� Eia�ral3. L�mber Crs . which
5o3.omon Smith �aurchased a.raci zan in �85� .�
A Iacal Rive� Naniga�ion Committee repar�ed in �'ebruar�' 1890 �hat
naviga�inn on tiie tidal portions of the ,7ohn Day and wal.luski were gand at
that ta.me. On t3Y� Lewis and Ciark, however, Capt. C. w. Rich, who had
carried maiZ and freight �n Stavebo3.t �nding fRl� 8) during �e pas� eigh�
yeazs, compl�ined oF som� snags �h.at needed remtival in tYre river`s tidal
portians. � At tlle same ta.me J. S. Polheznus of the U. S. Engineers wra�e
rha� s�eamboats ran up �.o river Mil.e 7.5 0�' Youngs River, a mi�e abnve the
mout,f� a� tY�� Klaskanine. whi�,e bazqes aperat�»c3 fzom �e pu�.p mill loca�ed
below X'oungs Ftiver �E'alZs to AsLdria. dn the K3.askanine, steamboats at that
da�e went e�p to Kamm's whaxf.
�
Pilings in the �.ida3. portions n� the rivers (�'igs. 4, 5b) indicate that
tugs a.zad lag bocams kav� operated on most of these rivers v�.ztua�.7.� �.o �he
head of the tide up �o �Yse pzesent day. The U. S. Corps o� Enqix�eers
(I4lay 3.. 19813 recog�i�es �he �a].3.ow�.ng Heads of Navigatio�i on �.izese
s�reaa�.s :
Wa�erway
, 8arzett Slough
.� Bear cx�ek
� Big Creek
Bindez' S�.oug�
, . .7e���r�.es Slo�qh
Jahn Day
K3.a,skanine
�w�.s and C1.ark
Skipanon
� i�alluski
� Littis Wa�.luski
' Xoungs
Ri.vez Mi�.e
o.i
Oa7
0.5
0.4
0.1
4.3
I.6
8.0
4a3
3,0
Oo2
9.5
�.'he U. 5. Coast Guard (Jur�e 27, 1980) r�csagnixes Rirrer M�,].e ].0 as �e head
a� naviaation on Xoungs River.
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7
LOG DRIVES
C�.a�sop Caunty has sc�ne of the ear�iest com�ercial sawmills in Oregon
}aecause o� its strategic lnratfan wi�Y� reZa�ion to the I�awaiian anc� CaliforxYia
gnarlee�sa Henry H. Hunt' � sawmiZl on H�snt Gree}c was com�leted in �.844, but
1.ogs were o��ai.ned w'itl� oxen from the surrounda.ng hi�.lsm The Ha�xa13, ar �a�ald
Lumber Compxny near Fox� Clatsogs huilt befoxe 185�, h.�is ea�lier been noted and
5
�sa Si.�pson and George Hu�e each had mi1.3.s in Astariaq
I,og f�,o�a��,nn occurred on mos� of the regioa' s waterways a.n �f�eiz tidal
porti,on �n�h �o supp�.y 7.oca1 m�.3.ls and �hose further �tp the Colu�bia Fiiver even
to Portla.nd. An ea��.y regc�z�t af such usage is �ound in �he 1.880 Census list
of J.agging camps in Knappa Pr�:ainc� ox� �he lower Co3.ut�ia:
Logging Ga�znps
Yoke Mon�hs in &i. Et. Lo�s
No. Nten (7xez� C3pera�ian Sen� to biil�.
Ma�csh & ael.a�ey
W�tr�n ��os.
RoiEo sros.
Davis & Rcj s s
Joseph Carno
�nhn Davis
Mi�chell & Ric]cu��
uz
ICr�app & 5oti�er3.and
�.4
15
zz
S
9
S
6
12
6
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b
5
5
S
5
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6
8
2
5
8
�,000,000
2,fl00,000
z,000,000
�., 50�, OC}43
450, Ofl0
350,000
250�U00
200.qOC
Place
Biind S1ougYz
NEar Colttmhia
B3.inc� SlaugY�
Near Cal�ia
Bl.znd Slough
Lobz��.x� 51.nugh
�`h� same v�ar T. Fi. Foss had a aamp an JaY�a Day, River, � S. P e Marsh had or�e
ca�np oa� ��e Wal.luski and �hree on the John I?ay in 188I. Two yeaxs 3.ater I�iacs��
i�ad a sa.miZar dist�ibution of �.ogging camps whi.�e Foss and �. R. Ca1.e eac3� had
a catnp �rz the J'ah� A�,y. $ •
At th� turn of the century�there was aga�n a f3,u,�ry of loggi.ng on �he 3nhn
C�ay azzd Wal�,usk�. Per�.y T�.�ss Zoggefl a�, Rive� Mile 2 0� the �7ahn Day in 1837, 9
5. Adair had a shnw on tha� river' s h�adwa�ers ia Z900 wha.I.e BJ.aisr�e3�1 Bros.
logged on tne Walluski. �7ac3c Ryan also had a carnp on �he Wa�.7.usk�,, in tiYa� year
wi�h Ri.chardson,and the �o1l.owing year in partnership with Jahn Jahnson. Tn
I.901 C. C. Mas�en was afraid he mig�� have to �unne� th.raugh a moutitai.n i.n order
�cs ob�ain Lnr�s from th� r�.ver's headwa��rsa 10
�:]
`1'wo acaoun�s exis� which describe the logging camps on th� Wa�Iuski. �n
5epte�her 1887, "AH" wrote to the Q�eg� onian a fuil regort an �. C. Txul�3nger`�
Zogging oamp on �hat river. Fiv� yoke af axen sna.ked Zogs to rai�road aaxs
w3�.i.ch i.n �urn dutnpeci them down, a chute into th.e tidal portion af t�ae river.
Two yeaa�s 3.a�er a cnrrespon�,ent o� 1=he Daily A+karning As�orian took the Wena�a
up the Wallusk�. �.a the �ogging rai].road ° s�erminus and then rode to the au�t.izag
axea wh�.ch by that tfine w�:s �hre� ati.Tes by zai3. �rom the_ s��eaun nn �he ridge
se�ara��ng tYxe Waliuski aad. �'ohn Day rivers.
In �.900 the T�nbex�man descr�bed a small.er aperation an the Ia�ter rivex.�
W�. Ch3shal�t, a� John �ay Ri.ver, with two capstans agera��d by
a txiak mu�.e and a spottec� cayusa respectivel.y, and �k�e assistance
of four II►en, has pu� a.n over 700,000 fe�� of sgruce 3.qgs �h3.s
season and if the weather ke�ps fine will �otuxd ou� a a�illian
fae�. If any other hand Iogginq show can sY�aw a b��ter recc�rd
l�t �hesn stanc� up and �ae caunted.
Use o� �ida�. wa'ters for lag txa�spor� was not withaut its contenta.an. In
��uttex v Galla her (19 OR 375}, Nu���r improved an arm of Vincent Sl.ougt� �o �ak�
out 1.ogs. As tkti.s inc�uded deepenin,g and widening' a sho�t gu7.iy s�ream from (
. �
which 'the ti�er was taken the Qregon Supr�e Court ruled in 1894 that that
porti.an abc�ve Mean H3gh Tide was not a nav�gah3.e waterway. Two decades �ater_
a landnwne� adjacent to '1'ucker Creek, a�.so a tsdal. s3.augh, co�plained when the
C�lwel.7.-�`oevl,er Logging Gott►pany d�ave pi�.ings in tlza� wa�.�rway in orde� tq cc�ns�ruc�
a�,agqing boom. W�an aomple'�ed �he boom pz�ven�ed the �.andora7raer from using the
cr�ek for nav3gatian.�'�`
The p�z�,� inte'rest of tPzi.� s�.udy is on thase por�ians o� the �i�rers in
the basin whi.ch were �xsed �o� aam�e�ciaZ pesr�oses al�ave �he head a� tide. �'kZe
riv�rs that got the g�ea��st use zn these r�aches were X��zsgs and �he Lewzs
and C�ark. Amazinq3y enough on Xo�ng� River logs were �ak�n over the 69 faot
fa�.ls �F'ig. 5a) during wintex high wa�er: sahn C�zx�w�ood se�.t].ed i�a G1a�sop
�
1 f3
Cou�ty in 1884��and purchased a c�airn near Saddle Mountain which he Ingq�d untaZ
tI�e 189Qs� ��oating �he iogs down t.ha rzver and aver the �alLs to tidewater.
Chitwood was the �izst logger in Ciatsop Gaunty to use a steam donkey which he
adapted frvm a�hip's steam winch a�out the year �889.�� Christian Peterson la�er
tes�ified that he nad an intexest witiz Chitwaad bring�ng logs down Xoungs River, �ut
they did nat get tYfeir logs ont the first year.��
Elmer warnsta�f said that he lagged on Xoungs River for 10 years. He
recallect that �he river was a goad 3ngging stream, coul.c3 ri�e as much as �ever�
�eet, and once the water came up and brought the Iogs out overnighte The �nost
memarable r�rive seems to have Yseer� in �.888:�'
That year that �hey put those �.vgs i.n was �he yea� `88, i� was Che
s�ammer or fall of '88 �hey put �hem in. � was �.ogging on Young's
River; .7ohn H. 5rn�.�h and me weze �ogether on Young's Rivez and we
had something like about thre� million feet o� logs laying in 1'o�xng's
R�i.ver in ' 88 and wa had ana freshet. It caused� a jamb af logs is�
the riv��c and we on3.y got abp�t 4�q. QOf3 out o� tk�,ree z�.i.11ian; i.t
was al.mos� ent�,rel.y a fazl�ze �ha� yeaz� af any �zeshets wh.atever .
Edna Waz'nstaff addecie
My b�n�he� and yvu (John H. Smith? logged over Young`s riv�x fal�,
ar�d th�y jammed �right above t �a.i�.s, and they had to pu3.1 tlYe�n
out of �3se way next year to buiZd that dam Eor th� pulp company.
This canfoz�ms to the report of 3o S. PQlhemus tcs t�h� U. 5. Enc�ineers O�'fice .zn
Portlanri on Sep�eraber 1, 1889:�'`�
Above the puZp-mi3.1 �he river is but a s�nal�. �saus�tain stre�n,
flowing through a thickly w4oded di.strict. without any cnr2sic�e�-
able amoun�, of agricultuaral land, anci is usec3 chiefI.y as a
laggzng stream.
There is a pulp-m'ili lnca�ed a shar� da.stanca below the �a.�ls,
ta uti3.ize their wa�er-�ower and �anufacture WQQC3 �pulp from the
spruce anc3 hem�ock gxawing along the banks, to be bnated ori
scows tts Astor�.a..... �� the tzme o£ my visit i� was no�
running, owinq ta the �ack o� water-power on account of the
extreme�.y dry surnmer. Tf�ere are over 1,OOQ,000 £eet of saw-logs
ir� the river above awai�in a freshe�. (Emphasis added.]
II
C�nstruction af a dam at the top of the fails in order �o zncrease the powe�
' supplied to the �ill intQr�upt�d the laggznq ope�atzans from the upper river du��: ..
�he same year �h� PoZhemus wrote his repart. �ohn Ho Smith, EJ.xner warns�a�f and'
�thers b�QUgh� sui� against Ro Ma Brapne ar�d The Falls Pulp Co. �ar abstruc�ing
the stream. They s�a�ed t.ha� �he rive� was hzgh enaugh in the winter for ten mi�es
above the Eal�s �o �1oat saw��gs,(�ig. 6? and �ha� loggers and se�tlers had so
used tkte reach for at Ieast 1fl years. warns�aff and Smith at that time had twn
' � lo�s of logs totalling 3,500,,007 feet which they took out from abauL fn�r miles
atzov� �he Ealls. Of �h�se 5Q�,000 �oard fee�:
w�r� cax�ied and �hrown bY ��e water passing over said dam� and
�, being so carried. .. �e�.l anc� struck endwa.se and a�hez�svise
�gains� the said ].edge 4f �acI�s or gz�ojection oE stone an8
the said stone sides or walls and stone hed of said streau�
. and were battered, spli�, broken shivereci and otherwise dam-�
aged... anc� rer�dered valueless.
Furthermore, Smi.th compla,ined in another suit, divErsion of the wa�er by the daas�
would �lscs reduce the flow to the goint where logs cauld nat �e dri,ven. In the
f3rs�. C�5A the jury found for Warnstaff and awarded him 52.000 c�amages. �n th�r`
seconfl, a d�cision was no�. r�ached un�a.l the late 1920's (!) when Hrayne, ].r�ng
since c�.ead, was ordered �o stop bui�.di,ng the dam which no longer exis�edi! The
dam effective3.y enc��d dxivzng on Xoungs River, whatever its merits as a logging
stxeam h.ad beers before �hat sLructuxe was erectedo
• Loqgi.ng aa the Lewis and C�ark was more success�ul �han nn Youngs Rzve�, bcat
_
jus� �s con�.en�ious. It commenced above �idewa�.e� in .��$4, about tf�e
time that Chitwond started on ugper Xaungs River, bu� Ias�.ed un�il a� least L906.
Some nf t,iae �irst laggers to work the s�re�n were Ed and P��e �ta.Lone fro�n the
1880's until 1895. Sidney Campbel.l. worked on the river in �887 be�ore any dams
w�re cons�ructed ta aid the drives,� '�he Chadwel�. corr�spandent af the� Astorza
Transcrip� made reference ir� March �o the I.887 drive (�"igo 7) o Tn Ee�ruar�r 1.89C3,
"Loqgexs zn this and neighboring coun�ies rejaieet�] over the moviag by £reshets
' o�' Zogs that hafl lanq Iain above high water mark and that are at last made �
�.2
�,�,1 :�'r"" • t.�' r �L •,r'� "'��.� ,
� F Z. J w
a. k e - p � r �me^.1:3 �
1Kc r.�� `...$. ° sv� y ��',-�°'
" �"r--� 1 : – :� �= r-o".�� ". :3� •_ . -�. •'
Fig. E�ae Yovngs Ri.ve� �ava
Fa.11s . R�! 9. 6 e
May 14 , 1.981.
.
Fig. 6b. Hig Czee3c �rom
Highway Bridg�, F'tM 2 e 5.
r�� �.4, z�s�..
13
valuah�e by being aflda�." in other part� a� the stata,was th� d�sas�raus
�laod of 1890 proved a boon to Clatsop County laggers, and presumably to those
opera�ing on the �ewzs and C�ark. These early drives condncted without �he use
o� artificial aids were on the reach between River MiZes 8-15e
Most of our infn�na�ion an Lewis and Clark �oggzng canc�rns the firm a�
Qlsen Bros. who erected a splash da�n in the river`s canyon at River MiZe 17 in
.. � . 27 �
26 `•
3894a As the Qas..�y Mp�nzng As�arian reported .
. OJ»sen Brns, have a cam� above the canyon on the Lewis & Clark
si,x my.les P�am tidewater witi� art immense number of lcsgs in the
stre�. �eavy rains of Iast week should bring them out, but
' i� a.s zr� t.k�e na�ure of an experiment. It wi.y3. succ�ed if
win�e� rains carzy t31e logse
The exgerimea�t was a succ�ss and t�ae next yeaz the �ro�chers built a logginq camp
of fiva bua.ldzz�gs oxs the rzver. and 3.ater built �an sma3.Ier l�gc�ing camps ugstre�.
They alsa puarchased a splash dam p�t in by Sorrensen as�d Co. wha �.agged ti�e stream
28
� during �.895-97 and zeb�zilt it.
� Ber� S. 03.sers later fl�scribefl �h� sca3.e o� the brothers' op�rataon:
- As lpng as we were there, w� op�ra�ec3 theze something Iike 5 or
6 years, and we put a.n a.�.� the vray £rom. the lowest we put in
was thzee millian, and fram that on ug ten or fifteen mill.ion
��:et whzle we were �here. Of course� we put in the principal
pazt of Iogs �hat w�re put in the Lewis and C3.ark. There was
ati�ers put in Zags. I shou�d say that while we were Y.here, i�
wou3.d ave�age 12 millian a year.
t3ne of the other operatcs�s was Geo.�qe Watson who elabora�ed:
'�kzere ar� seven separa�e fi,rzns of persons engaged zn �.ogging on
sai.d river. That N. W�sner and T as partners estabZish�d a
° logging business nn sa.id �i.v�r last year and �ha� we have from
� S2�J40.00 ta S3E}00.00 .izavested in o�r said business and are
' dependent upan the use oE said dams to ge� ou� aur saw-7.ogs...:.
I have been an said river a£f and on for �.4 years and have
logged on, the same off and on for abaut 3..I years..... � ara
. 3.ngging above the garge or canyon .zn said rivere.e.. Tha�
, �ae water of said river is suf�iczent to �Eloat saw-lags
duzinq the winter and damp seasons o£ the year from a.i1 points
i�
where �ogs are ]�eing p�ac�d in�n said stxearn dawn t4 the mouth
thereaf and �ha� �hroughput said distance said stream is �
� f�oati��e fox sa�-logs. That said dartES are not opera�ed exc�p�
�n �he win�er and rainy seasons of the year and �ha� the wa�er
, fratn sa�d �ams does aot in itself £loat the �ogs down said
� rivex as �ar as the places oc�ned �y Pla�n�iffs..... �n rny
j�dgmen� abau� two«th�rds of tYs.e avai�ab2e spr�uce �imber
txibutory to the Co�u�bi� Ri.ve� �s on said Lewis aad Clarke
�, Ri.ver and most af it i,s abqve t�.e can.yon on said r.ivea�4 e...
". That i� said da�s w�re preven�ed from be3.ng operated a.t cou�.d
' �a� be braught to znarket wi.�h �he e�rcep�ion a� ak�c�u� one
' ansll3on fest thereo�'. '
W�.sner Campbell and �;1o�her Olsera, OI.e, confir�med hfs testi�nony. P.�.l em�hasis�c3
� tha� �h� r�,ver was floatable in its naturaZ cond�,�ion belowr �he canyan, but
that th� dauts were necessary beca�se of tha� �.mp�di.ment anc3 �ha� eaonama.cally
no ].ogging on the rive� could cu�rently be dcne withnut them.
The ranchers dotivn,str��m o�aje�ted to the damage done to their property ]�y �.he
].oggers, 31 an�I in 7.899 ane o� them, D. J. IngaZ�s, sued 41ser� Bros. The
�.oggers, wha have $7Q, 040 �worth of I,ogs �o ta,ke out, won tha.s case a�ter Judge
' McBr�,de visited the splash dam�; and the t�,5e csf Lewis and Clark as a c3xiving 1 `
�
strea� continued. Gearge Maaer Bras. openeo� a cattsp abave ��at nf �he 03.sens
� in March �.899. �.'t�,e �reshets i� January 19D0 brough�. 3 r�.3,lian fee� of �.c�s
dawn the �s.ver to t.idewa�er and i� was expected that a tata.� a£ 18 mil.lios� �eet
caou�.d b� �aken aut in the I899-7.900 seasan. �ly March i9Q0, h.nwever, B m�.Ilion
� fae� a� �.ogs remained stranded upr�.v� 33
. �� 19�1 D. K. Warren petitioned �.h.e C�.a�sop Caunfiy Caurt �or a Eranchise
�o estab3.ish a dam on �he xiver arzd charge t�ll fcr floated la�s, bu� i� �svas
nat granted. That y'ear �'ohn and August La.rson had a caafp on the �,ewi.s & Clar]c; 4
� The�e mu�� have been otheys, b�cause i.n Fe�xuary IO z�,i.].livn feet a�' spruce Iogs
. we�e zn the river. 5ir� Campbe�.l operated a cauiP on the rivex in I902 and
raftad aII the �.c�gs �aken �rom ��e canyon in t�at year �� Mooer Broso a�one k:ac�
].5 mi2lion fe�:t to come out �hat sea�on �� �n �.903 E F. L�bke, �. B K�.ntzTer,
Larsoa & Dow, Larsen & alsen, �nd Dyer & Mcrare alI had camps nn T.�wis & C�.ark
�
16
from which they were taking logs at the zate of 8 to 10 mil3zon �dard fe��
annua�ly,3� In i906. how�v�x. Jnhn 2yberg {Tebey, Te3�ke) was said tn be t2�e
only logger operatzng on �he river and �907 was very near�y the end of the use
a� �hat s�ream for log transport abave �he head of tide.
When l�gge�s Crieci �a use �he Nar�h �ork of Klaskanine River for lagging�
� tk�ey met with a difEerent ��gal response. Cha.r3.es GilZiam had tried to f�.aat
ou� Zags on �a� sCxeam z.n 1888. fie cleared tYie jams of brush and trash i.n
�e Nar�k� Fa�k and pu� a.aa 137 logs. One reached �idewatero Most jammed below
k�as kzocasa aaad some lay wrher� �ey had be�� cut t�ro �iles a�ove �ic3ewa��r un�il
Che win�er nf 13p3-p4t Qne ��asnn they r�nazn�d s��anded i.s �hat a c3ownstream
awner, �'ohn Leahy, refused to �et thern break the �a� fornted oa� his grape�ty.
When Fred and Alec �3orsnand recommenced logging opera�ions on �he Narth
Fork in th� au�ulnn of 19d3, th�refnxe. ��Zep buil�. a sp3.ash dam a�aut 2 1./2
mi.�es above tidewater tp space out their I.oc3s ta prevent a ja.�n and to ass.zst
in £Ioating thern nu�, though na�ura� freshe�s carried nut most of t.he 1.ogs
that went to tidewater.�� Agair� a Iandawner, .Toseph Kaenm, brought suit
agaias� �hem, and �he Oregon Sugr�m� Court f5� OR 9) declared t«'�at �e North
Fork of �he Klaskanine was na� a navzgable.water*aay.__._One can only marve3 �ha�
lags as large as those shawn in the accampanying p3�otograph taken as evidence
in the case i�"igs. 8-12) cou3.d floa� so far on ��s su�face even with arti�icial
aid. No�rman Bros. met this adverse judgernent in �ar� hecause the winter of
�903-�4 was unusually dry.
'£he 5outh Fork o� the IClaskanine was �sed in other years without legal
conte�t by several 3oggers. Frecierick Mvaers testified that he took out Logs
£rnm the fvo� a€ Gzeen Mountain which is a� ieast five miles above the head af
tide on the South Fork nf �he Klaskanine. E.Lm�r Warnsta�'f logged the lower ma.1e
of this bxanah wzth four yo3ce of axen zn �.89Z. �n 190� Chri.s Pe�erson and ,Ine
17
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s�al� 3ot of 1QO,QOQ feet af �oqs from the Ka� farm and f�oated them on the
1owe� reach of the SouGh �a�k to tidewa�e� 42
Three otner st'r'eams zn the orb�.t nf As�o�ia. Big and Nti�.I. Creeks and
the �kipanon, a�.sa sus�tair�ed log driv'esp On Big Creek (Fig. 6b} logs w�re
�loated out .i.n small lats fcsr a di,stance v£ tsaelve mi�es a.n �892 and ot�her
� . yeaaes, ap�ar��3.y with uz�a�.ded wint� freshets`�� fln t.he Skipanon mare hexcsic
meaz�s were needed: 4 `�
' A company �.s been organized to canstruct the much �al,ked of
cana�. �a dive� the waters of the Necanict�ta and Ohanna creek
£nto tha Skipanono 'Z'he purpose o� the canal is �o }ari�,g' the
lags of �hat section down �c� �xde water on the Columbxa.
The canal was under cans�,zation in th� su�m�z� of 19Q4 and the r�ex� year
No B. Bazn was briaginq ou� logs on fts surface f�o�n Cul.�.aby Lake.�� Tn 1914
3oi�n Cf�.iz�e an8 zn 1918 Pe�ersan & F�rye were logging on �he ezthanced water of
the Skiparkon ��' A sp].ash d�m was a7.so u�ec� �n a s�reara in As�ox�.a 47
' Norris Staples and Sam. Maxwe3.l l�ve s�cured a Iogging con�ra��, for
`" �prtzce tim�se.� upon Mi�.l creek, near Tongue Paint, arid will svon
begin gu���,ng �.� �.n the maz�lret. There zs aIxaut Z, QOC1, 000 ��� nf
goad tiznber an �he areeke Hec�or Campbell, the logger, once logged
. on that s�reaac� and tuade a vexy gaod dam, which Stap�es & Maxwell
e�ect tn use by pvrcha.s� frnm Ca�pbe�1..
Isz 3as��a�y I.903, ataples was driving nut his m�.11icsn �eet of logs.
RECREA�.'IOt�
At the prescn� t.i.me there is minor use af Lerai� and C�.ark Rivar above the
head of tide for ]�aat fishing. A few steslhead fisherman wi,ll gut in on a
day irt �he win�er seasan fram �he 40� Line Br�.dge and dxift tti.the head of �.idee
Clse is cuxrentl.y �.ow a.n pa.rt because of a sl�.de whien hxs increased turb�.dity
in �he stxeam. `�
23
R�COMNfENDA'.�'ION
Mos� pf the ].ags that passed over the waters of the Port of As�nria, like
thasa illustrated an this report's co�er, came fro� up �he Co�.t�m3a�,a Ri.v��c.
Indeed �h� Benson ra�t pa.ctuxed was constructed on the Washington side of the
grea� �iv�x. Theze taas a 3.ang �istory of us.ing the smaller streau�s in �he
1 i�smediate vicin3.ty of As�aria, but mos� 1.ogs were floa�ed on �he ta.�a�. �eachas
vr we=e de�endent �or £1ota�inn a�aave �ide on art.i�ici�l ai.d as was dra3ma�ical3y
the case w��h the Skipanon. A3.tlzongh there �ras na evic3enae of artificia3. sid
� used ta flcsa� ou� �h� I.ags on Ynuzags Ri^ve� ar�d Big Creek, the use af these s�rea�s
was �.ima.ted. �.'he anlp river on which there was suhstantial usage a�ove �he
head of ��,de was the Lewis and Claxk balow the canyaa. �is use was upheld in
Clatsop Cot3nty Circuit Caurt. Tl�e suscepti]�i1.i�y of �hat reach fo� nav�,qa�ion
is �arres�tly demanstra�ed by sport f3.shing use. �f I.c,g driving prcaves �.4 be
. ev},d�:nce of navigabila.ty, then ��ze S�a�e c�rauid have a claim ta �he }�ed of Lewi:�
and GZaric R�.ver �ram Rive� Mi.Ie I6 to its mouth. on all other rivexs in the
laas�.z�, a.ts cl.ai�n wa+�il.ct l�e tQ the head of tide or the reach c�e�lared by �the
U. S. Corps of Engineers �CO Y� �rad�,�ional.l.y navigak�7.e as listec3 on page 2 of
this re�arta 2he State would p�esumabl.p be. a]�1e to c�.a,zm to Riv�x° Mile 10 of •
Xonngs R�.ver on the basis of th� U. S. Coast Gua:�d's dete�ncination of �hQ ziver's
z��.vigability.
� .
24
FOOTNOTES
1. (Qregon3 S�a�e Water Resources Bnarc3, Nor�h Coas� Hasin (Salem, 196�?,
pP. 95-99, I05-1t37.
2. Oreganian. 1]. Ju].y 1873, p. 2; The Surveyor Generai iSalem) 1.853 map of
. the township �e�'ers ta tkte si�e as Mnore's Mill; Emma Gene Mi3.�er� C.Iatsog
" Ca, �xnty t�'ortland: Biaford & Mazt� 1958}, Po 215; �nr�h Pacific History Coe,
"Solomon Howard 5mith,�� State Li}��a�y� Salem.
3e Uaa.l Ma�nin, AStorian� 4 Febo 1890; U. S. Chief of Enginee�s, Re}�vzt, 3.89�.,
v, 3383-85.
4. �bi,do, 1850 TV� 2992-93. The date on Fig. 4 is derived from the da�e aaa
which Eastern & Western registered �hezr I.og karand wath t,3�,s Clatsop County
Clerk, ,?s�ly 28, 1903, Phatastat o�' Cl.atsap Coun'�y Log Brands, p. 8, C�atsap
County Courthouse, Astoria.
5. Arthur L. Thrvckmorton, Oregon Argonau�s (Partland: qregan His�or9.cal. Socie�ty.
19611, PP. 38-39; Stephen D. Heckhazn� Caos Bay fCoos Bay. A��go B�aks. I973),
po��. ; U. S. Census, 1880, Origina�. returns, Schedule 3, Manufactures
� Clatsop County, Astoria� Oregon State Li��a�y.
6. 23�id., Knappa Precinc�.
7. Weekly Astorian, 1(1 Sep 188a.
8. Ibid i4 Oet 1881; 4regonian 1,7an 1883.
9. Notes o� Russel.l. i�ark As�oria. .
• I.O. Pacific caast Wood & zran� 38;1 (�7u1y 19n1}, �a. 132; Cnlumhia River and Oregon
Timk.�erman, I:.L7. (Sep 19403, p. lt}; 1:�.2 {tict 39t30) , p. 7: 2:3 (Jan 1901} � p ��
As�oria 1�ai.1y Budget, 23 Feb i901.
�.�.. We�k3.y Asto�ian, 3 5ep ].887.
l2. i�aily Nlnrning Ast��xan, 5 Sep I.889.
13. C_al�mbia River and Oregon _�`imbennan, I.:I2 (Oc�. 1900? . P. 7.
14. C[latsopJ C[ounty] C(zrcuzt3 C[a�tj C[asel Ncaa 5�23, Ke.l�.y v Colwel3.-Fowler,
Cla�sop CovEn�y Cou�th.ouse: �h�ir brand� was registered with the Clatsap
Cnunty C1erk on JuZy 2�, Z9U9, Clatsap County Log Brands, p. �.6.
15. CCC Na. 4326.
16. Notes nf Ru�sel� Bark; Miller, C.tatso}� County, g. 212 �ays ].894e Z have
accep�ed �he earlier date because donkeys seem to have been �sell known in
the county by �.894, Wes�port, Glatsop News, 19 May 1894.
i7. 5upreme Cour� MS5 R-G�-SS, 68 A--3, �z'awer 248 �Ka�un � Na�znandl , Testzmany,
pp. 122, .180, �.82, Z84, 388-89, State Archives, 5alem.
38. Ibi.d. , pP • 2�,0-].1.
i9e U. S. Chief of Engineers, Report. 1890, IV. 2992.
�o. cccce � zz��e
210 CCCCC # 12,979: and see F2aZph Ma Sne.t�, and B. �`. McSain, ��Early Pulp
anc3 Pa�cr Mil].s 4� the Pacific Cna�t," Paper �'rade Journal {Oct Il, 1934) ,
PP • �5--46.
zz. ccccc # ���z.
2 3 • �i�1�7: I C�.a�sap CountY �7 + GJ.2 .
24. CCCCC # 3772 and s�e Kamm v Normand �'ranscr�,p�, p. 3.58.
25. Astoxi.a, T�anscript, ].2 Max �.887: Dai.��M4zz�ing As�orian� 5 E`eb I89(�.
z�. cccce # ���z.
27. Dai3y Mnrn�ng Astaz�ian. 28 Nav I89�.
28a CCCCC # 3772e
29. KamuE �r �iozmand Testimbny, P. 3.72.
3(1. CCCCC # 37"l2.
(
31. As�aria �ail Bud e�., 20. 29 Maar 1899.
32. Cnlw�nbia River and Oregon Tin:herman, 1:�. (Nav �.899) , P• 7.
33. As�ar�a �a�.1y Suc3get. 25 Mar 3.899: Co�.u�bia �tive� and Q�e an Timberman, ,.
1.2� (I1ec 1899? , p. 3.3: 1:3 {Jan 1900) , p. 13,: 7,:5 (Mar' I9�d) , p. 16;
Moo�x B�c�s. - G. H., J. L. and F. M. - reqistere� t;nei� lag bzands K
and I O an 13ecesnber 20, 1899, Gla�sap County Log Brands, p. 3. �
3�. Astoria,_Dai3.,Y,,,,.sudge�, 21 Oct 1901, 23 Feb .190J:o
35. Co3.umb�.a Ri.v�:r and 4rs on Timbezman, �2:4 {F`eb i9011 o p. 6: 3:4 (Feb I902) .�a 7.
36. Astoria H�ra�.d I Nov 1902.
3'7. Morn�.ng Astorian b May 1903: Columl�ia �tiver and pregon Tizsil�erman 4:3
(.7an 1903) , P. iii: 4:6 (Apr 1903) � p. 1(}; Kamm v�Fo�rzssand TestimonY, p. 139.
L�bke's brand. Circl� W O was registered nn Nov. 27, Z9fl5, Clatsop County .
3Joq Bx'azlcis: P. 9. '
38. Cal�r.ia River and Oreg�n Ta.mber�an, 7:I.0 (Aug 19Q6D , p. 43: RusselZ Da�3c notes.
39. Kamm v Noz�nanc� Tes��.mony pP, 49�-50, 57, 79� 82, 3.20, 187, 211., 2I3 az�d see
p.' 2270
�
��a ���ds I �� 44, �47� G71/ �75 ��� ��� �e ��a
�4i. ���a., ��. �4a, �ss.
A2. Ibid., pP. �90, 37, �21, 18fl-85, �88, 19��91; CCGCC � 26I1.
�3o D�ily Morning Astarian 20 No� �892; P�ci�ic Coas� Wao� and Iron I9e1
E�an �893) , P 1; ICa�n v Normand Testirnony, Ap. 17�, 203,
. 44. As�aria Aai7.y Hudget, 4 Mar 1899, p. 4.
45. Columbia River and Oreqon Timbex�man 5:3.� (Aug 1904}, p 26; Mi11er, Clatsvp
., COt1z�tY r P • 212 . � ,
� 46. Clarea�ce Sigurdson. Raised by�the Sea (.��toria� 1973), pP. 84-�85, 87-88.
47. Colua�Ysia River and Ore an Timbermar� 1:9 (July 190a) . P• 5; 2 c 3 (J�,n �.501) .
pa 6. For use of othe�' Clatsap County streants see Russe�.l I�a�3c nnt�s an
Hear Creek: CCCCC #'s 2937„. 3188.
48. Infornsatinn �'roa� Dave Hekexoff, I�epaxtmen� n� Fish and WS.ld3zfe, i�y 1981.
�