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Sandy and Hood River FarnellSANDY A�D HOOD RIVE� NAVIGABILITY ST�DTES by James E. Farnell, Ph.�;. Research Analyst DIVISIQN OF STATE LANDS Salem, QreQOn July, 198� INTRbDUCTIQN Under the �qual Footing clause of th� OYegon Admissions Act, the United States Government transferred ownership of the beds of a�l naviqable water- ways to the State of Or�gon in 1859. P.t the time of this report, the full extent of dregon's ownership is unknown. Th� present develapment trends alang aur waterways make it apparent that the location af the State/private boundaries is of extreme importanc�. The I973 Legislature recognized this and pass�d pR5 274.029-039. This law directs the �ivisian of State Lands to make a study of a11 Oreqon's waterways and to make publ�c �heir �indings, This report is Lhe Division's study of the Sandy and Hood P�vers. Viewed from the Coiumbia Ftiver into which both o£ these rivers �mpty, they symme �rically drain the glacial heig�ts af t4ount Hood, one to the west an� one to the east. The tormer received its name from the sandbars which Lewis and Clark found at the ziver's mouth when they passed it fn �805. The latter was called Dog River by an eariy pioneer but th� wife of a iater settler changed �t t� th� mor� p1��s��g n�me of the movntain which was its source.� The zesearcher would like to thank Dorothy Shrum and Melvin Haneberg af the Sandy Pioneer Association and Sharon NesbiC of the Gresham Outlpok for their help in obtaining information about the Sandy Rive� as well as staffs of the follawing institutions: Clackamas countp Courthouse Hood River County Courthouse Wasco Countp Courthouse The Nature Conservancy Hood River CQUnty Library Troutdale Musetnm �lount Hood Community Col�ege Library Unzversity of �regon L�brary Oregon Historicdl Society Sandy PubZic I,ihrary Oregon 5tate Library n�partment of Wster Resources Oregon State Highway bivision Department of Fish and wildlife Because af the voluminous quantity, iliegible micrdfilm copy, and difficulty of access to the mechanics lien and circuit court records of MUi�namah County, , these docum�nts were not used for the San�y piver. This �aes not detract from the concltisivns of tne st�dy, however, hecause the main problem in d�termininq naviqabi�ity on the S�ndy was the upper limits of n�viqati�n, and for timber pzoducts this lay in C�ackamas County. Use of the lawer river was adequately documented in other sources. Cnver: Mt. Hood fram Lost Lake; based on Highway Department photoqrapho � SAN�Y RTVER BASIN �andy River is Sfi �iles in len�th an� fnrn!s a hladder shape� hasin which narros�rs dpwn ta the r�outh on thP rolumbia T'iver just he�ow the tok=n o� iroutdale (Fia. i) . T� i.s 58b square rr3 1PS in axe�; two-thirds in �'lackamas and c�ne-third in 1�4uitnor�ah counties . z The heac?water� of t?�e river f 3.ow �ram the g,rea� qlaciprs on thP west �ace of uount Hnnd. These fielc�s of permanent ice and snaow fill the br4ad s�aces hetw�en thP d�amatic vertical ri�.ges o� the mountain'� visaqe as sEen from Portland. 5andy Glacier ta the north a.ctuaily flows into 13uady Creek, while the main stem of t�e ran�y decenc�s from. Reid Giacier. 7.iqzaq Glacier f�eds the two upper arms of ?icrzaq Rzver and rost Creek. �n the south'ern p�rti.on of the *�T�st face, Palmer Glaciez drains inta 5almon River which fb3.laws a great curve to the southwest before it returns to join the Sandy beJ.ow �?rightwood. T'he main stem of the Sandy begins betiae�n 6,00� and b.720 fe�t, a little c�ver half way up th� 11,245 £oot elevatian o� 'Nt. �iood. In its £irst Pighteen s�iles the river descends over 5,2�1[] feet with an averaqe aradient of n�arZv 3J0 feet p�r mi le , mhis torren�: ���.21ea :: ith i ava se�i�:e�t fr�r., "t . ��aaa , passes t�rouah a canyon in �hich the l�anJcs �re hundrec�s of. f��t hiQh and constantly sliding into t�� �iver, fox �+any miles unstabilizea hv �nv VPf7P� ta�ion. 'iqzag River, thro�crh whose canyan the r+ain hzqhway to �overnment Camp ascends, also drops preci�itously to tha valley helow. Rs Salmon Ri�►er r?akes �.he same initia]. drop in twice the distance, its aradient is ].ess, k�ut throug�aout is a�t�l�liriq mountain stream punctuated �v �sany falls. The upper Sandy has one of tl�e most r�recipitious qradients af anv river in Orecton, but at River "�ile 38 near F3rightwood it has ��Lie�, to the elevation o£ 1,000 feet, its stream�ed filled wi�h raun�?ec� houlc�ers. ThP only stream�- flow data far the candy is recazded heJ.ou� th.is point a� F+iver �1ile 3C7.9 (73p feet altitude). 3 � a c� � O _ � 3 � a d� U /� � �+[Lj�� 6 � :J � / f 1 �� �� G� J���� � ��� Q ,• ��� � �'N .i�a �� •`1f � S, � � � � �,-� y ,..f � ✓x � . • • � U C �� U • = I � •' w � � a � ? o¢ Z y � � F-� U � H J Q • •. �I V • • f � � I • . � ' ., -..:�:, i � :� � � F � .� � O • � � K' � O � • g• � � •� • ;'. . �����._ ;� •. , : . �� �...., dd H VE � �' r� `� y� } ' �'Pp. l�� l N , � �_J� � • � •���• � ��• ° CC • • • W ���• ) o •� z�� • ' � � . �,o� . � • � �A • . •N • �a O � N � • • . • � • • • • � ► � � � • • • • � / ` � � G / / f ,�-- , . s • `� • � � �C . � -- �- • , � c � . • � v W � •• Y � � �� ..�.....—'+�Q = : . t!.!� �� a .� ,: � � � • � . o-( a , � �• � Q c� _ • � • V ..72 �. ), { 4 '4 � ¢ • �� :.s J N • -F� ��• � mOC �OQ.� ��� � i i �� `�m •� � • � �� O{ � o � :., : m '�� p� a .:. � og � 5 n r: • . p ,r � r • � .; � �t� � a . ^ �� ° ' 4 + ' I �. � Q W g • :`�i� p • . • � �_� I ��. �• . � � • • t- • I ... � � .;;;;;:::::;;:`::; ; . �� • � � , • � ,�:*;�::;:-::.:.,>:::::� . • ::::�j';::�::�i:� • � • ::::i�: `::i>: � • I � �}:: ��.'': ' • • .. • •••,. I � � a�� Q � � Z � m � � � � Q �+ ! 0 � T a. r O C 0 � vi O z a J � a m � 0 z O � � 0 � 4 m O a m a` 0 ti The average discharge £or 67 years beginning in 1911 has been 1,374 cubic feet �er second, but th� maximwn was 45 times that volume in I?ecemher I9b4 with 61,�00 cubic feet p�r seconc3. The mi,nimum f�ow was I95 ctabic £eet per second or 1/7 the average aischarge.5 As it cuts a c�e�p canyon through the eminences and p2ateaus of tihe surzounc�ing footh�.11s, the grad,ient for the 21 miies ?�elow Briqhtwood moc3erates to 40 feet per mxle (F'ig. 2) and through the �inal seventeen miles, though the rzver still passes steep surraanding ciiffs and hills, it has a low qradient af 9 feet per r!i1e, in this section the 5andy is join�d from the east by i�s only other zmportar►t tributary, Bull F2un River. Here the bedload from the upper cataracts is deposited in gravel bars and the great sand banks cZose to �he river's m.outh are form�d which prompted its name. In the pioneer perzod the larger portion of �he final 1.7 mi].es of the river flawed east from the rniddle of Section 24, Township 1 North, Ranqe 3 �ast to the extensive sand deposzts which are sti11 foeznd in the Cole,�bia at the fqrmer outflow point. In 1931-32 the �reaon Fish and Game Commission constructed a dam or wier across the bed of the east mouth with money from �he SmeZt Fund estab�ished hy the State L�qislature in 1929. 7'his struc�ure did not divert the mouth of tYce ri.ver unti�. 1938. The site of the diversion dam was on Iand tak�n up as a Donation Land Claim in 1855 - before s�atehood - so title to the bed of the Sandy in that area has been in private hands:�' ttn�i�e� M��o� 3a�;,, cam�let�� ii� 1913 at Ritrer h7ile 30, channels much of the Sandy's flaw to Roslyn I,ake. Origna�.ly th� c�iversion then f lowed to a power stiation at Bull Run, but now the diverted waters rJirectly reenter the Sandy through a penstock from Rnsiyn Lake. Thus the Sandy at Revenue Bridqe (Fig. 2b) does not have the flow at present it �3id at the time the rf.ver was used as a commerciat watez 5 t�'. w.� �� ����� ra . �*r a �. �.: � � � - ,.. _` � . .. � � .,_ . �,.. . _ ,,;-•,,,�,�... «.�._ ,�:.� � .�.,, . �� - - � �_. _ .. �� :� . ., : -�. ._ ' -�•,°. � - , - , �.� _ � w : � 5 1 } �.:, � ., .,. - :� ,,,K �.. +� ��_+�. � ^'" . �?�. � � �::�� 3 `� '' v. ` ` � ". ~ , a., �,� y � ` t�' k�`ai S "'1 § `ti� �� 8 �i ` . � � „ . ` ' ' ���.:.s..M.. -..��. _ � ",.�""` ' . '� �� ,� p1« . ., _ ..`° � �c .,.....���wr"' y �*� ,� � , �a` � . , r � 6�"� "'�4 t•in +'�S ic\ , e ;�'� �, . _ �� -� . ... . � ��. . Fi�. 2�. Sandy I?iv�:r Y�el�aw rnouth v€ Salmcan F?iver, F,� 36.7 Decem,k�er 26, 1'�79. � _ _ __ � � �� e. `�4 M , ,�.�� " ,,, 3 a � � �� � �� ., . � � w , � �,�oF'�� �7v, ����� i� ... - � . 'mS�� `"n�`�".',�k �"s�. ,,' ` V ' � • � ; , � u+ > � �. . ���. ,. � i ��, ''�%�� x �,��' , ..- � . 5 < ,� . „ . . ...,. � ,� � i� r��;'y . . �• -' . . . -^--�• .. u r. � - + �« �`� �' � r�. " ' �. ��' ��... e� � M r a�' I � � y. , . ,. ' ^7�'��'..���.� '��' ����9.�1 ���s,"�Mn„���. � �.�;"�. � � ., .,, � �r. - ,„�,� �4d� �,gy �; � % � „ '�*� g � �w +"� ! M.G'�` � � I If� S �W'- � w*� . . . dE� 9° � � � rv y�F �� �� M �. , n � � `;,; � ��, a . � v .,w�. +,.�4 �, , �3"�" '�"' � �,� :i .. Y �� . Y �� If � j I'� 4�.i:. � � . +W' �' W... .. R�� � ,'i�"�4a�, F ,� ;' �' '� ' � 4 w :�+a�. - � � YJ� � l '�r... . M 4 . " � � ""� �� � � _ �,� � �� "i � � ;� e �'�� ,� ' , �,��� � �' a.�a � �°' �i'�t: ��' � r s "*rt^" . q;?s , � � , �.� - ��,,� � � i. � v w., � . �Ju�` �F� _ �rr,�� �w �;�,� � '� � ��, ��� �� �"`-` ;�. w�, , �,�, �� �.. �� . . � � ;� � ��. ��,��,N�� ��..- M- J'- . . ,.,• ' ~ 9'� �. 'i�. ��. �an�y �iver ak�avn �ev�nr�� ��iri�e . pM 24 . ':�C2T[�7�'Y �'� � �437�. ?`la�sv affect��i �y *1a�irr�t :�an ciivers ion. �6 tiv'hile the p�ateau surraandzng the river, particularly at t�e town of Sandy, is planted in nursezy stock, orchar3s and vineyards, the narr aa and sunken i�mediate valley af the river (Fiq. 3) rarely widens out, as at �essinqer's Bottom, tn form �evel agriculturaZ or stock grazinq land, There- fare virtually the on�y econamic us� of the valZey oroper has been Iumhering and tourism.� Perhaps the best descriptian o£ t�e river's streambed was presented at a land use hearing in 1973 {��qs. 4& 5): The Sandy below Dodge Par� (pM 18,5} flaws through a canyon that is unlike any other ca�yon I have ever seen for sheer variety. It has high vertical cli�fs, old-growth conifers ana miniature rain £orests. It has wop�ed islan�s and sandy beaches and water- fa1Zs. There are aalleries of ferns and wildflowers that cling close under the bank a�on� some of the steep, more remote areas of the canyon. It has long clean, jasper-studde� qravel �ars and heavy white wat�r rapids. It has shallow fast ripples and deep quiet holes where salman rest in the �alZ on their way upstream and in the sprinq a1so. IVAV IG�1T I� stozy which has naw enter�d tY►e realt� of l�gend has it that a briqantine owned by Capt. ,Tohn HarZaw was fioated up the Sandy to the mduth of Beaver Creek jRM 2.7] d�zring high water and there beached anc� a�lowed to c�ecay, f��ood from the vessel's cabin is saicl to have k�een used for a sidebaard naw in the �.��routdale Museum. �]f more use to Capt. Harlow than the lumber was his cZazm that the final voyage af h�s brigantine had proved the Sandy to be a naviqable rivQr. He used this claim to force the Orec�on-i+iashingtan Ra.zlroad and Navi- gation Comnanv �� ps��s,3i�� u iaii statzc,n pn tne west side af the Sandy rather than con5truct a drawbridge across it. This formed the nucYeus of the town of Troutrial� w�ir-h wac hi�ilt nn T-��r)nw'c ]�r�3s aftar 1R�1, A commercial smelt fishery has operated trom time to tfine in the Sandy 3�iver at Troutdale. �'he accompanying photographs o£ the operation were �a3cen zn �907 and 1922 res eetivel �, � � Y«'zQ• h In 192'7� one of the outfits, Y.narr ; 7 ,. �. -„�,,,,P �'�� �'„ �, „, .,w�' �t . , E���� ,��� �� � µ. < <T � �.,� k . . :... . �� . � , � � r,� � �� � , �r �a"�w e '«r�.� . '� _ ` � wM ��. ..� e ��� w � � �,. ; n. ..� � �. 9 '�� , Y' ��_ .#y�°pj^ u�� ��,�� ;"�,� � ° � s� �,�� ' ic;. 3a. Crali��' of the �'za�ci�� �roa!1 ]"yic3ge 1'��^�nue, �anc?y. . `"� ?PCE'It1�3f-1' t�'� � Y�7� .. ��, ���. Fi�; . 3a . �iess inger' s F;mttr,rn. Deceirsfser 26. Z979. �3 �-.��, �.�., .�. u�:.�.��.�..� � . : � . �; �. _,.,;� �, _ _ - ,. w �, a,., — � .� .� A'�: � _ '" a u�+ws. . � .. y:.��� . ' ..r��:. y�a�y�'�°' . .,.�, � �. +.� „�,Y<' . "^ ��' � r='� �.��-, - ' . rv�. � .. .. , • � . -=w.� "' . . �� ^k }a.� ��ln. �. r;07{ C3I;;yr(]Tl Il�r�� �'_�1 1� C)"� ��RC��. Hic�hw�,y �ivision phatoqr�ph, Summ�r 1972. � � �: ,� ' �, �� � ,� � �_. - � `� �� -r<u . yx _ . � '� �°'�y ' ,� �wa � t; � � * �M" n..,� �' ��� � � , 4 , �������,_ F� �� ��� � �� � ,. � �� � I'lcj. 5. �'dt'1dy 't`'1t�G�'. SLate �yighway i7a vision ph�atagr�ph, Sr�mmer 1972. � �s� �r,. �. . �� . � _ ._ _' ..��� �: Po .�� 1� and Sans, said 53 1/2 tons o� �he small fish to the Bannevi�3e Natcheries and the follaving year 23 tans.�� In 1957 a ha�f million pounds of smelt were taken from the Sandy �y Cnm- merczal fishermen - mast of them destine� far cat food. Then in 195� the smelt sudd�nly disappeared and did not make �nother run untiZ Z97�, They had returned to their �o�mer large numbers by �977 when 8�0,��0 poun�s were taken by commercial fzshermen. In 1979, the last year for whic� figures are avazl- able, 600,000 paunds were taken. T�n comnserciaZ outfxts ope�ated on the Sandy during the I977 seasan, among them the Zargesr vessels were 25 foot qillnet boats, the smal�est were I6 foot aluminum row�oats. The smelt do not p�ne- trate far upstream, and the �routdale brid�e at �iver r�ile 3.1 is the upger limi� af commercial baat fishing. mhe runs qenerally last abaut three weeks each spring,Ll A ferry was operated by the Hic�les family near �zver Mile 3 until it was replaced hy a bridge buzlt around the year 189�. The Sandy was meandered in 1�54 to River Mi�e 4. The Corps of Enq��neers only recagnizes the ffrst twa m�Ies of the rzver as a navzqable waterway,� 11 � � �„, �� , � � ' ' _ , ._ �' : � � , • �qr� � y, . ,:.. �. • , . �r• ° � , .y ,� . .' �� . ,�. yV. �*4 . . . � .+ � . :. 4.�. ., �- V �.P i � � v , � '^� , ... . .a.�k '. •t .. . � .. -, ��t . .. �E.^� .' ' . _ . • . , . . . 9...:, � �• . ' , M � . _ y � . . � . � `` , �� �. « I � ° � � � " '����y�,.. �.:, � ..,�'. ._. . . - �. �„ ��-+� _ _ r _ `" � � �.,.�e � � � �� � . . . •. .. ,� � .^-�,, „ � . = - "�N ` � � � .,- �_: - - .. �_. . __ � w . m � �"ig. F��. �;melt fisher.y ne�r ,� �1'� 3, 19 � 7. �;� m A Trrutdale Nlt�s�um cr�l3ect "� '' �; ",� � <.� �;,,.� ��' � _ , r i�an . i ,� • 4 r � �, �,' ��� w� r � q r � � �"�, '"��� ��� �« � , � . ��� � � � � '�$ �6. u ��,„ , � ;� ° �' *��� � ;�: �� �- �°�`�' �� �, {. , �, _ � � ,�• . ��� _ �` � �:. `, . '�� �� . --�p .r,� � ,� aR �qe- �'�.�'€� � x. � - .,, ., .. . � 'i��, F��. ��±elt fisizermen :�e�s ald wa�c�n k;aric�ge at `�'zoutrlale, 1922. -'routclale Pius�u�+ ce�l.lectian . � �"^ ��,'�' '; � � '»� x ��, , `�"� . .. vj �:�����.�: � � � TM �� �'� ��, .. �# , . � � �� � �� � � . �f . . ,����� �, t � � WY�' � ' . � , . �� r �+ � 9w, � �:. . ��� ;� " � , . ,. , 4 �,"'��: ��� �" . „ , ��. , �� F , �*#; �" . � � • � �� ���: �'� : � �'r � � � 1� RivER n��virrc The first no�ice of Zaq drives on th� Sandy occurs zn February 1895 when Pacific Coast 4�?ood and 2ron notec� that the mall on the Sandy ati Troutdale was ready for the drive. This wa� probably t�e e�rliest use of the Sandy for this purpose as there had been no sawmill in Troutdale in the year �8�i.�� Further- more, �'rank Bacon, who moved to the Sandy River near R,iver ?�sile I9 in 1892, testified in 1947 that the 1oq drives on �he river began ir� 1995. The logs were cut and driven down from Sriqhtwood.�-� The trad� journal`s second notice of c�rivfng on the Sandy explained the basic probtems encountexed wfth thfs use of the river, both at that date and until the final drives durinq the 1920's; they were v7hat one would have expect- ed £rom the hydraulics and profiZe of the river: The water of the Sandy river (during l�ecer+k,er] is toa low for raft.inq saw logs and although the mills near Troutdale have a Iot of saw ].ogs in the Uppez Sanr�y country, no raftinQ can be done until the water is much h�crher. The logs are tumbled c3c7wn the bluffs a.nto the ra.ver in some places, and where this can no� be dr�ne, are sent dawn in chutes, ??�fting cordwood davn the Sanay has not proven much of a success. Th� last party SaI�o undertaok to get wood 8awn to Trotitdale in this way lost heavily. When the water was hiah the r��r��rit was �oc swi`t, anc� mu�n of the wood was carried away. '�he st�.cks were carriec� right under the boam extended across the river ta save them. If the water is lota �he wood i.les up an the sand bars� and must 3�e hand3.ed the second time.�� In January 1900, the Co�umbia River and t�regon Timberman reported that Cone Brathers' mil�, at Troutdale was closed do+wn temporar�Zy r�winq ta scarcity of ings, but the first rise in t�e Sandy was expected to g3ve them a sup�ly iFiqs. 7& 8). This journal later contained the ztem, "James *tanary has been �ogging on Sandy River for A. H. Powers of Portland and cotnpleted his Zast drive af 500,a00 feet now in the boom at firoutdale." Eaxly in 1958, Georqe Henry White Smith, eighty years of aQe at that date, testified that the logs run ta tkte Cane sawmiZl were three to six teet in diameter and came from 25 to 20 miles u� the Sandy to the Trontdale b�om.�' z.� 'J �i: � , ," - .� �, . - • � ... � • '�- �, ; . � "� � R . ,� � . �...� . � � �'' i ' .t-� • � � � j '� Z,, ►. ,. .,� ' ~ � . � . .� "' �g: , -- . �� � . ' � ;�� � ��� ,� « ".� ti ��� ��t� ��'� � 1 � '�`. �+►� � � � � ) . �� ` . : y . . � r $ � �( ' j� � . � � ; k � " + �� �' �� �� �� - lk � � ?�� # �, •. 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"�'.. rc � � � ��� � *� � . ., �� � �a;� � '�,�, �r � �S ° �� �,��, � j�� � � ,� �4� ^ 0 1 ^� � , � � �'�� � � " � � „ � � � _„ � � ' � ��" �" � �� � ' ���a�� �' � � � § � "`� �.%,�.' : . ,+� '�a r , �t �M'�Y� �.�'' ��� R � g . ' 'y�'"" i ���, � . . "�W � ,� �� � � , i� �� �w� � � . .. ;, �p ��� � a,� � �kt'� ,� � � 0 �� '�� ,y�: :�' , �° � i �' . . ' � �°-' ' � x � � �,'�� .'... °«a+ �` S `u �� < ���n ,�q �ni +�� i� � ' � `" � ' � ° �+ �+ _ d'a n �F i� , d�' r� " ° . - ",�.V ,��!. ^i .. Y �o ���di a � . . �,�" ���' l+,� :"� �` w+ � J.�- �y�„��y " �� , k�. � � �. d"'"' . . . . . � ""M'�; ��� � � ��v.. '" . . , »n n s�" � ,�. � ' � y ''�"�' '�' � * �„u�., ,�„ ".��I �'I� � ���d . ��� � � � '��n�.. � � � � , : f " �,���. . . � � w ,�, , " �"hM �, � ^d �pr �'� �,� *y�g ��'�Y��a `�*, �"Bi�4a ,� . . � _. x�WMi� , ,. . , '4. � �, . . , , .. . . �� A�though it had been found difficult ta dr�v� cordwood on the Sandy, by 1900 the river had come to be almost excZusiveiy used not for logs �ut for the flotation of railroad ties. As the Timbexman noted in that year, "The 0. R. & N. �.ailway Company has �et a contract for 30�,OOp railway ties to be rafted down the Sandy River to Troutdale. Four sawmills on the upper Sandy are sawing out ties on their contract;" and "The Sandy tie mills are startinq up for a summer's run." Plews items in the Timberman were rxfe during the year about this burgeoning in�ustry on the 5andy and the use of the river to carry its proctuct: H. T. Cw�minqs contemplates the erection af a sawmill on the piace of Samuel Aacon, on t�e Sandy River [near RM �9]. Other rumors are floating a�out zn the nezghborhood concerninq the erection of sawmi�ls. These milis will cut ties almost exclns- ively which are shipged from Trautdale. Messinqer's sawmill, 12 miies up the Sandy River (from Sandy] saws 350 ties per �ay. They are floated downriver to Troutdale, 30 miZes. The Bramhali mill, acrass Bull P.un, saws 350 tias a day. �imbes land an the Sandy is increasznq rapidly in va�ue. April 1900 R. Wood, the we11 )cndwn saw mill man, has taken hold of C. Messinger's mill at Sandy. T'hfs mill has a capac�.ty of $�0 ties daily, and is admirably arranged for handlinq ties cheapiy. T�e ties dro� from the cut-aff saw ricrht into the f].wne which carries �.hem to the Sandy P.iver, where the_y are c�umped into thr± rivAr and floated to Trou�dale, a distance of thirty miles, where they are elevated to the car� trom the river. There is quite a stir in thP sawnill busine�s at Sandy. �"very- nady wno can aftorc� it or yet trust, is buyinq and buildinq saw mills, and timber is considered a valuak�le poss�ssian. Co¢taminq Co�.e & Co.'s saw mil� started �p and ras a farce o£ 2i, men at work. J. H. Weneis' mill is complete and is sawing road pZanks anc� ties. Lenard's *?i11 Co., o£ Pleasant t�ome, will r.zove their miZl up to Sandy. They have purchased several hundrec� acres of timber in Lhis Zoc� l�ty, n,�,n,ar � s� nnn tye� ?�ave Leeii dumped in the Sandy River by Sramhall's and t�Iessinger's saw mill and wzll at once beqin to drive ko Troutdale, where they wili be taken out by an endless cha�n elevator. June 19Q0 Additionally, Hil�iard, Grover & Yprk�r, Carpenter & Smith, Practor & IIa.ers, Stratiss & Co., and Johnson & Co. bperated mi].ls �n the area and cut ti�s almost exclusively. Their outgut was about 15a,Q00 feet per day with an average 16 eight month run �er year. Of that output durinq 19�0, one million feet o£ ties were fldated down the Sandy.�� The new activity caused qreat cansternation ta the State �ish FTarden who recorded in his diary of June 1941: While at The Dalles, Or, I received word froun 5upt. Rrown of the SaZmon River Hatchery notifyinq me that Mr. C. A9insinqer, owner of a Saw A4iI1 on the Sandy R.iver be�ow the mo�th of the Salmon River, and also other parties names not mentioned, were floating Rail Raad Tiss dc�wn the sandy River from his mill to Trout�ale, and that in breaking jams that they made in said river, the men emplayed in running th�se ties were using powder or other explosives which would kiZ1 or injure salmon that may be near thereof and as it was con�rary to Zaw requested that I attend at once to having the matter stopp�d. �June 11�. I at once notified Mr. Minsinger by wire and arranged to meet him in PprtZand that evenin�. On meetirig Mr. Minsinger he infoxmed me that he had secured germission from the CZackames County, Cqunty Commissioners to run the ties down said stream and also to use explosives in sai8 stream for the �urpase of clearing it of large boulders. But for all this, he only had a small quantity of powder out on the work and was incline8 to think that non� of it had been use�. I arranged to visit the jam with Mr, t�insinger and on the 25th and �6th made the visit.... �Te £ound the jam to be in a qarge where there was a big eddy a few miles above the Sridge. I would infer that i/3 a� 1/2 of the run at the v�r� lpast :•:a� held i� tY�is garge and had the river completely blacked from cl�ff to cZiff foz a distance of a hundred yards. They were pi�e� 1Q to 12 feet high and I wauld infer about that �eep in the water, hut at this �orge there must b� at Zeast 20 to 40 feet of water_ r�i� n �r `��- sider the jam very seriqus to the river [aZthough such th�ngs are bad enough], and not as bad as what I had been lead to be- �ieve and what 2 was ex�ecLinq to f�nd. The man in charge nf the drive "�ohn Moore" claimPd that he had done very littZe blastina. That he had to make use a£ th? �awder a�e� �;.r���s �� Gf,� szream hut that it was only vexy light charqes and didn't think that he had dc�ne any serious damag� to the Sa��on. That he hac3 done no blasting at this point and on being aprised by me that it was contrary to law he assured me that he would mak� no £urther use of explosives without our permission, 17 Th� niqht of the 15th I stopped with Mr. Ntinsinaer at �is Saw �iiZl and the next morninq at the r�quest of M1tr. Minsinger made an investigation of tne Sandy River lookina forward to the matter of getting down the river for Hatchery purposes. rir. T7insinger is very anxious faz us to eome down w�th the plant as far as his place and assured me that he would assist in the matter if we could find a suitable loca:tian. As far as I was able to with the short time had, I was unaksle to find anything that I considerec� desireab3.e, but concluded to have Supt. Brown come c3awn the river and make a thorpugh investigatian.... I cautioned Mr. '�insinger ahout Saw Dust an8 Zumber was�e that he is dumping be�aw his r��Il on the river bank, but hardly sufficiently guarded ta keep the nust out of a small stream that fZt�ws from his mil� da� down and into the Sandy. The voJ.ume o� ties became immense and the time wh�.ch some residents would later rem�mber when the Sandy was cove�ed from bank ta bank w�.th rai7.road ties for a great distance had begun by the autumn pf 190�: The �andy River at Troutdale is ful� nf ties, which have been driven down the river. Loading wi7.Z npt commence until about the first of Septem�er. Cumma.ns � Cale have 30,OOD at T�out- dale, Bromha].1 has 60,000 to come dokrn. A7essinger & Co. 's 60,b00 ties are mostly disposed of. There are on1.y two or three tie mi3�ls ogerating Powell's Vailey. A combinatiion of the tie mi11s has been discussed. Rather than concentration, there was kaleidoscopic chanqe i� ownership and persor�el af the ind�stiry on the Sandy. In 19n2 n, n_ p��� ;�� the tdanary mill at Trou�dale. In 1903, Cummins and Co1e sold out ta Johansen and Johnson while "Wihltin & Co. have moved �heir mill to a new site near Aa.ms. into a good body of timbex, mhey have started uP their mill and wi�1 float the ties down the Sandy." Robert , 7ohnson and J. H. 4�ever of Troutc�aZe each built sawmi�,ls on tne 5andy in 2905 �or cutt�ng ties. Durinq the summer of the saitse year, Kelly and [n� 1un8 of �routdale started up their tie mzll whiie John Strauss of Sandy leased his. In Pleasant Home, Sates, Hamilton & Co. decided to remove to the Sandy River where they could float their ties to T�routdale . 2 � tdew firms or old, they can�inued to drive the river, in 19�4, "hiqh water in the Sandy brought c3own the Brai•,hai1 and other tfes, which are not 18 heZd at the Troutdale boom." (Fiq. 9). During Juiy 19Q5, a drive af 14,000 ties came down the Sandy River for the Oregon Short Line and Southern Pacific. Between Octaber 1905 and 1907 Frank Bacon, his father [Samuel?� Eacon and �rank's ��othe� cuti about 35,OOfl railway ties and put them in the Sandy at Revan�e Bridge and drove them to Trautdale. [They] cold-decked them during the w�nter and then had a fZume extended from the rnill ta the �iver and cold-decked them along the flume, then in June when backwater from the Columhia River k�as present we had a boam at TroutaaZe and run our ties to Tr4utdale and elevated them with a steam hoist and shipped them aboard the O. S, z,. The ather companies Bacon remembered drivinq ti,es on the Sandy were: Cum�nins and Co[le], Johnson and �TOhansen; Davenport, Kel.ley and whe�an; [T]ulley and Lowe, [FYox and Masterson. In ,Tanuary 1g07, the Hur�}aurt correspondent of the Beaver State Hera3.d reported that, "the four sawmiils on Cnuqar Mountain were workinq full time cutt,i.ng raiiroad ties which wil� he run down the Sandy ta TXOUtdal.e in th� Spring," In May of the same year Charles Bramhall was blastinq Sandy River preparatdry ta his railroad tie drive. The folZoa;incr �4arch� thc fierald announced that the �ohnsan Company sawmili would ma}ce its tie dXive as soon as there was sufficient backwate� in thP Sandy at Trnutda�e.� r.�tP�, in May 1909. tihe Troutdale Lumber Company stated that it wouZd "saw re--saw can�s and smail logs floated down from the tie mills bperated pn the ilpper Sandy, They wzll cut eight million feet of ties this year.�� Flumes were often used to get tie5 down from th� mi11s to the Sandy: G, B• Tul7.ey & Co., anc� �7. N. Bramhall are cutting railroad ties at their mills at Aims, Clackamas cvunty. They flume �he ties to the Sandy River, thence tio Troutdale. Many of the news i.tems about the tie r�rives on the Sanc�y wer� abouC Bram- hall's operation, At the end of April 1908, Joe Bramhall was reported to hE 19 �`�.. 0 .• ',�i� :� r • �t , . i , _ _ �r Aj . � , ; � � -••+•K+q�;� � � �'. � � . r ' .+ �+.� ; � 'T t , ��1, . � • 5 t �1 p � ��� , r � �.� . � � +�+ • �� �' Jwrw ! ' � ... • � �► � , �• � . , , r � � � , ., � �� . �µ 1 !� 1 1 1 � ` �.�a�� 1 { • .. � � ' �. 1 .r ,� .... .�.�s.� a� ; � � � .��._.. r<��.�. . .., r• �r� - � ' � a � ti � � � ��' � • ` ; + .�l�� ,� . . � N � � � � � ; � �F •r� ,'S � #� ' . ; �� � ► � �`, i � �• ' , �� � '. 5 4 / . , =* � . � � .� �- s � � v ► .� � ; Z� j r + � 20 �, / •• � � f ' �� i � Y • �� • � � � � r � � l �. � •, .���� � . ' • ' ?;� I• , /' � . , � � �� , r � ` ready ta receive the rafts of railroad ties at Trontdale that were to be sent down the Sandy from his mi21. �t took another manth, ho��ever., hefor� the �ies re�che� that �olu�-,ia �iver shippina point: "The ��ork will last for several u�eeks and arill em�slo�� a nur�her of m�n. '_!'he ties are sent here ta be shin�ed �rom th� �ramhal], mill severai r,iles up the Sandy River," By b7ay 29, 1908, "�7oe Bra�,hal�'s crew is nor,�� loadinc� several thnasand f�et nf ties daily" at Tro�etdale, P'arlier the samc year, however, "��ven�ort &'�ec��by of x?ood l�iver �ur- chased the Bramhall e�ill and timber on Sandy R.iver. They expect to c�e� out lOd,OflO �ies durinc� the summer, which wil7. he taken do+wn the Sandy.: ]�uring `�ay 19I0, the Beaver State Herald renar�ed on the ezse of the Sandy b}r this successor campany: "The bavenport Lumber Co. beqan loadinq anct ship�inq ties fram her� [�'routdale] this week. The ties are bea,na flaated down the Sandy from the upper mil],s," F, number of inen we�e stili emplo�ed at the work a week later, and in J'une m.any ties were sti11 beinq sent c�own the Sandy River by the ,7ohnsQn t�ill as we11. June 1911 again saw the Bavenparti Lum}�er Company employing a number of men to laad th�ir �?ro��.�c*_, *hcuqh :ra :y �,f t�e ties �ot thrauc�h tne cahle across the Sandy at Troutdale and £loated out inta the Colunik�ia as far as Vancouver.� A year later tne river was s��fficienr�y hi�?h ar ?� t� float ties from the upper mill and work was to beqin shortly. Ev"hen Ned Nelsan formec3 the Sandy Lumber Company from the Firwooci Lv.mher Company in 1914, he cut railroad ties at his Brxghtwood sawmi}�1 (Fi�. I(�) and f�.oated �hem do�wn the Sandy River.� Jahn Sinclair, naw aged 86 of Sanc3y, took part a.n the drives of these ties down to Troutdale on 5andy River. '�he dri�es �ccurred a.n the sprinq and consisted of about eleven tnen. A cookbbat r�anned by �ierle Tice accompaniec3 the drive and Tice serenaded �he mer. with a fiddle {which once took a duckinq in the river but was dri.ed out and continued playing). 2I �� .� � ,.,„ �. ��..�. � ; � � �� � -�.� `� � .. � � fi . " �' � � � � � � � � -.� , � » �si 1 �, » � ► �� �r x � ,� � � � T " � ► .y ' • �B� ` r . . � w � ' .� • � .. . .. x. �� � ; �. �� '� ..���. 6 ' � � �: �•�� n!�� :.w . � �,�' � �..�,� � � � � � . s. �� � ,:- . . . , ,. ' , � � .. �� . . . +. � .. t ; � M . � , . �F �. , � . �� � ' � 1 � . �_.. .�� ri.�. ���a.-�. '^ �., �� �6 .y . �I! � �.� n b. �a s.��� _ � __ — '�. ���� � ryp p � i �� � �. ,• � ,. ti�� � � � P r ° �� "�� .�►.- " f � i .. � � .; . s �� a , � , �, -�` .'✓'� � ��� � ;'� , �� �' �'� � � � i�„/ � , � 1 , � �' � �, � � Y l t e ��, r �, � J � � I � � T 4 .� ��� € _ ,� ' � 1 � 4 � 4 � ��F �'�^�,k �' i ��' q ,.. � � �� � � �. � � �. � � �� " } ��� � � . '" �� , . .�.... �� .�-. � �µ � :, � , "�' � � 4 � � � # ` � •.� ; '� � � �` f �� � . � ' �` '� �` :�� � � . �a � ��, s� �n •� r � ,.; � � � � � a� � - . ;�_ � � � ,� �.� ` �r ��c �, ,, � � .� � ' � ,. � � � � �� y � � � . ,�'� ;�,.�_ ` �"`-���� � � 1 �+' � ,+� � �+ 7, �' ,�;��'�. `^ . . � ... � � + �, � � � � °' ` � � R�1 � a �., ,� � > �9 r�. .. � 4 S'� f3 k.« �. � • , �I , � �, � � .�+ .� � N J� �r`'+1 � C.�7 c.��l. � � �, , ' "' , �' ° . r � � .,� .'� . i *�� �r'" . IlC{ .." " � �.� : � �'��; �i' M��' s�in.`�� ..� a .. i � � u, � � ��" �'� • ,��.. � } � , �,.� i ,f� � k , �+C k awl�.. `� � t , . ,�. ^ ^� � A4 �� � �� � F � � ��� � ,..rWl� � �� Y 4'" ,�h' J I y � r �� � � 1 � � w�� � . � �.� •+�Y4 �"� } d/�+ � y I� �. '_ _ [���'� � � � r � l A / . � � I� � ��z" � a p f � � j� T 1 r. �,u . � �� . ,. , �j , . ; , ., . , . . � •� . � .� s l �.� � • � � ;� , ° ' �'$ + ��` �r' � � , k /M' " �,^ 1 } e f �. 9 N . . � . �• � �� y . � r� � e . „ , '' � � f E .4 �► �� �'' � � ` " , � +,;� � � �� ' � ,... . . � P . y . . r� P. � � � s�r � a r� � � I L� This mekhad r,Tas di.fticult and Che pr�sence of the �dnunt I;ood FL��i�road hui]_t in 19�0 decided i�Ielson to use a trianqular flume canstructed hy T'red Bechel to take his ties out of the �andy after a short run anc3 carry �hem by its more deper�dabJ.e flo�w to the station at Bull Run {Fiqs. Z1 & 12) . c;i�bert Jonsrud, whose mi11 was higher up on the Sandy at Briahtwood F1ats, also polled hzs ties down the Sandy but took them out at the h1a�mat dam. an� flaated them to Bull Run over the power com{�any's �liversion fZc�r�e to B�11 Run (Fig. 13} , This larc�e �luxne passed throuqh a tunnel several miles �onq tp P.ull Run. m� ensure that the ties did not block the flume, the power company watchman regularly took a hoat through t�P tunnel to check on the passage of the tiesf`� N�d Ne�son evidently used the power flume as weli, because.in I9i9 th� ti� boom at the Marmat Dam brake in high watez anc3 scattered the tzes down th� 5andy, dpwn th� Colum3�ia, and aut into the Paci�ic. A iarqe number of Ned Nelson's ties, bxanded X, finally �,+ere washed u� in �)illapa Bay, Washinqton! Nelson was abl� to salvaqe others fram the banks of the 5andy and a phota exis�s of him, pickaroon in hand, hapgily ensconsed on some of the retrieved ties {Fig. Z4). The 1895 warning that the Sandy was not a good r�v�r en 4rhic`: t•.^ x1oa� cordwood se�ms to have been lost to memory in I91S because in that year E. R. Leaf and J. Sca].es placed a Iien on 3,�00 cords ot red fir, white fir, hemlock, mapl� and alder which had been cut on the l�onation Land Claim of Frar�ces Revenue at River Mil� 37 and drzven on �.he Sandy between ^1ay 7 anc3 June 24 of that year. The cordwoad vaas, at the end of .7une, lyi.ng in anc� along the Sandy River between I'.evenue Bridqe at Sandy {n_iver `iile 24) and Tzoutdale. Th� finaZ tie drive on the Sandy occurrec� about 1925 or 192� and oriqin- atec� a� the Ridge I,umber Company owned by Jhhn Nelson and Jarrow �ocatied on Trout 23 � � � w �� � �� . � ����,� .. k � � �� � N �:µ��� � � � �°• � r�� ! +;�„ � � � ;�� �, , � � �`• w �;.P,, � �-� � �,. . � ��KA9�"'�?,.#r � p � ��� _�•°. *�� �I � '' a , ' � 4 ��� �' �. � ., � �� ��" , , � � ,;; ` .�, °` � � � �" � �`.,; . � ,e ` r . t � �.. �'� ,.. . � ''e�a � p � y � � ., ,y�r�T ry � . , � � V � p� �� °� �� �7 "� P� `!"' �� ; d � vk��; { " ' � �, \ -'��; �'� fi ��� �a� o- ��' � u � i M ���� `;� 4 . , . .,M - � �� , . � ,� �� � `�; ,' * � , � ���, ���'� `'.���' � �, '� � � � �„ � � � . �� ��� �. � � 1 � �� �� ° ,. ,� � . .�- �, �,.. � `� � . �� � .�. - .� � . ' r s ,� �, �'� � �' .� ����� '. �� � , ` � , .�� �� A fn p �� y - r; m � , � � � . ��� , � � ��'� ; �l� "�' �',� "��� .�`" .� ", � �� M � , . � .. 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Co�dwood stacked: �'� �°� ° ���� ��` ,� ;t �ull I�un raA'kroad �siding, � ,� � M � . ��� �.� , � ��� . ��2f� 2�. . � � " „ _ � , � �., � � � � � ��� � ,3 r �� � " ` �, � . ' � - " � � �� , ;� �� '� ^� '� � ����' �+� �. , � , � 4 .���,� � � � � � "� � � � � � � � � :� �,� +� � �g,� > � � ��.„ Y � � . r *�" r . ,,, �'., r� �, ��R� � W � b � 1 �� 34 .. !k � ,� y � � � ��. � � � � ? � �. ���� .. , . ��. �, u� a �!�'��� n �!��"� . . d � a i �i � � TM^ P � �,� � � � �� � � � ��� g �f. �u�" y ." '� J y G�:' . ,i r e7� w' il tl.� � re p uh � [ r '..���� �' ''� 04 M ��� x �P 9J� �. k�,��y , . .� '�',�"' k i �'- s r �� r; �',� � �� � ��'�3 °����� .r , � � � _ . . . _ .. r � � � 7� ��� ��1. �� � *f <� ' a " 'a�F,�N+-��".. - _.� ". . � ���p §��e� 7i k � i+�.� �v1�"�`�N -.nnn ` �` �" "" .� �ra �� '�"�� hy�� �, � � � 6 � , � . . � . . ' _ +� �� , w�,� "� *a �j�.' w �' -$� � � � �!�'� �� 1� ,'�„ � � �� �� ^ �� � � � � � . �.� 0. �:� � �*, , r � � � � i� " 1 �. o�� � � � ll � . W , � • �R � ,� �A t�ww � , �c�' � � r� ,� �� � �.�. �.,, �, � � � I r �� �'��." '� � '� 4 � 1� � � . �,. , �,�� ' •� � �►' "'�•' ����' , w �� �� , .� � � rr�!� � p ' ' y r � ss �u<a � � " '� �r� � �e1 n .,. .�'�" �� � >' ��'��-�"»� x� _ . ,.. �— ��' . e � . ���`` M ° • n '.�.' � . µ1 ��q� � . � � '� r-' ';,'�. ,���� �: .r �,. F �, � ar .,�"fiV'�" � „� � °�r y „y�,� 1 ���� � �, . �..�rmti�.'� •�_ �+�, � , � 7 �� � a ;�, �. ,„' � � � '� .� — � � � � r � w � � � �� . � , � F^"" w ,�y �'" � � ._( ��� ty I . '� �5 ��. � . ..m 3. � . ..�- �� „� ""��.. � �' w ,. ��� _' � s . ���,r, � r � . • � � � '.x � �:' .�. � � a. •x , ,,.�.. .,�,�, r .. , .'�_ �a � . , ,,rA�,�_i � . C��`:'�. . ►� . � . .��''.' � . . � '� ,.nati�. '�-� � 25 .�—� �.� � ' �� � _ � �. �,� ;� _ � � , N a . '�"' �,�:, 4 �� � � "" � ly � TW� � W�'��a� *�.� �Y� � . YY�N�> 'w ��. � � Rd. � � �'���ww� � �M � �r ���'� �� � �� � � ,� „�,. �, „ ,�i, "° ; � . ��, � k, � m � � � , � �° �"� �. ' � � < „��, „ y , "' � �rr� ; s.�, , ;�., ,z. N� �,w"���s . ^�,. �� � �'�,r„ ' • � ` � �� � � � �; � - c vw :r� w . . �.E:., .�*� ! -,.q ' � , � � �"�` � � * f �, Y* T � � "� �, � � ,� * ` �» � ' u �� .. ,��•+� . -_ �'��' �N� "�• � ��. ���;,. £���.��.� , " ^�'' � , � " , ^�. � . ,� ;. , � , �, , .�� ��� � `� � "� " . " ,r�"� *�,��, , � � � �►�, , �� � ,� „ : , . i ' r� n ,. � � a � "� ^'M � �� ��: . � " • • « + ."� ,�, � _ . , .� � . ,,. �4 R ,' . � � . w...� . � �: � r ,� #`�.�. � ■ :r G �^l� � ^�' �: , X' � � R ..i � :'�n. 13. s'(;�: t lun�:x} t_c• ?-'a M? E�un useci to transpart railraacl ties. r4eluin �-Ianeberg callecticsn. � ,; -, �f � ?� 26 . �` , � � ' � �'• , . , - - -�-°�.oR �t; r.= a. ;'+�AI�{� _�+��,.`.i .� _� . �. '�,y" • , �•wra�r.�s+�i '. `a��.. _ . � � �� .,,. .i^'.,.' , � �� y � � � � � r "`„�, , .��� � s� I ' . '� � e `, , ;, -� -�-. ;�4� ,;� _ � � :�-+. _ - , �:.. ,, '� � ° � . . . - - +�, �;:. : ;, � #�;, : - �; , . r , ,,. r • � � " � _ � 1 ` � � � . . .F. 3 � . _; ~ 1 . - . . � 'r _ � r ``'��r. -�. � � ` -- - � ��a:� .. ♦ � -? �• . y ' ♦ .� � 'f , � ` �` t.,1 f S` 1 � � r a �� . �.� � - � � ', .�. `' '. tw� `� � y, � ^-�• �� � � �. � i � � _ � •� ' �. • .� �"�`f � :. i.t ' .� � � „ ..;;,� . � t • ,� � . � �• f J," � . � . . . ., .����� - - .• -�.. . _,.r� 27 -;��. *� ; f , t. �' �� �� , � � � ��• . - ,�! e Fzg, 14. Ned D'elson, ;cin� the Sandy Ra.ver �aiiroad t: enthroned, 193�. Dorathy Snrum collection. Creek. From I92Q to the date �f the last drive, the cortEpany cut ties and placed them in a flume for a quarter of a mile along Trout Creek to the Sandy Rivez where they were ailasaed to fioat free�y tn Troutdale ati which point thei were held by a hoom. During the spring, a driving crew of a few men, three on the last drive, was sent down the river with the ties to push the strays back into the river from the banks and bars where they had earlier stranded. Mr. Faye Davis, ag�d 79, of Corbett was a m�mber af the Zast crew and tola of the drive to William t�dahlke of �iaunt Haod Community Colleqe on :4arch 9, 47 1975: 2 was ua�th Ridg� Lumbez Com�any and that was at Trbut Creek. I warked th�xe hetween 1921 and I926. I worked in the mi11 rnost o� the tim�. c7n this tie drive I guess the mill was shut down or somPthinq, so it toolc three caf us to drive the ties ddwn to Troutdal.e. I think it taok us three days. The ties were 7" by 9" by f;' 1anq, They were like a �tandard raiZroad tie. ThQ railroad did the treating, I don't know where they (the ties) went. I suppose some of them went hack east. Bouglas I'ir was used. They'd qe�k special orders from the railroaa company, but they sawed Zumbex besides ties. They would have to square the �.oq up into cants. A1�, that sawing that was dpne to get it sguared up went into 1", 2" and 3" Zumber; 1 by 4's clear ug t� � us 12's and 2 by 12's. f•�ost of their cutting was railroad arders. They did se11 Zocally. P iot o� the mills were railraad ox'ders, Pa].�er and all the rest of them. I don'� think PaZmer cut many ties. They cut a io� of big timbers for th� trest].es and Auiidzngs in Portland. They didn't �r�ve them (th� t�es) �ften. "ostly in tt�e sprinq after the water went dawn. After the sprinq freshets went down, t�en th� ti�s were left up an the edges and sand }aars. They'd qo c3own and clear the river out. mhe water woulc� k�e Zaw enough t}'t8r$ W011�<�il�t hw ar�ss hinh ���S�E�� iu wd��� ��yeni ;paCIC out. The drive � was on was the Zast down the Sandy, and that was in i�iarch . They generally flumed them {�he ties) from the mill down to the river, then just le� them shoofi out a.nto the river.. Than they`d float dawn th� river. 5ome of them would hancr up. Along during the season they'd hang u� and then they'd have to have � tie �rive. Three or four quys wouZd start dc�wn the river fr�m where the f�.ume was and pick up the ones that went out on the 28 bank, and out intio ��dies, loq jams and so on. They ha� a hopm {at Troutdale) to stap u;lcm (the ti�s} from c?oinq on d�rn the river. That Y�ovm was just �hi.r si�e of tY:e. ra.ilroad bridc�•e. T!-1ey took them (the ties) out wftt� this chain that came i3�s and out of the river. It was a wide enauqh chain to pick up the ties. ?'hey e�evatec? th�m u� to a platform. c'�ondalas on a railraad si3e track would be run up next ta t�at and they would load them on the aondolas. Fellcyws do�an below woul� have a pike pole t�at had a handle in it ahaut 2" around and probably 15' 1onq. The Zogs in tl�e �room were connected by dogs. Xou'd drive t:�ose intn �he boom �al� and put th� chain throuqh them. �ome of the more permanent on�s wouic� have a hiq ho�e borer� in them and thQ chain poked clear thxough the loc�, They'd generally take a�eevy, pike nole, and a pickeroon alonq (on a tie drive}. �ome of them you'�? hook with a pickeroon and draa, them from ttte river. Some o� them, if they were in a 1oq jam or sor�ethinq, you might have to rol� sot�,e locrs out of thc� way. Hiqh wate� washeci a 1ot of tre�:s and so on tha� fell in �.he river, You'd have to sort them o�t of �.oq jams, �vme tim�s yau`� �ave to carry them a hundred yards. They'd ge� out on a sand t�ar and th�n the river wauld go down and you woul.d have to carry ther� or draq them, wh�chever was e3siest. If I had tq qo down the ri.ver a cauplc hundrec� yards or further, 2 would get two ties toqether and sit an ther� and float dvwn. It iaas easier than walkiRg d�wn throuah the brush. You'd float �oam the river and �hen when you'c� g�t 8own ta where you wante� to qo you°d jump of� and let thP ties qo. 3�:as in it (the water.) up to r�y chzn where I caule? just hold my head u and br�ath� thrauah my nose. That was coriinq out and crossinq the river there at Troutdale, wadino across that slough. You't? wear (on the driv�) heavy �,=ooI underwear �ikP thP loaqear alvreys wore. Rea� thick unr'.erwear and a woal shirt with just reQUlar overalls. It was pretty cold �rhen you raen� in the water fzrst thi.nq, beca�se the coZc� water k>auld qet yau saakinq oTet. ?'he auvantaae of wao� und�rwear was that ennuc�h w�ter would stay in it and your h�dy �•�ouid he�r r� Then yo� didn't fee� �he cold so much after you got that water warme<3 up in your underwear. Tf yau gnt out �n the sun lonq enough, i£ thera was any s�n, ye�u'd get some of that water draine� out of your clot?�es. T�en when you went in again iL was cold. 2t wasn't too bad. �t wasn'� rea2ly danqerous work as Iona as you coulc� swim. I stiar.te� across the river one rlm �;; �� � zF�� 5��e had to qet to the other side an� it wasn't a pZace that i cou1�3 f�aat across because the water was swift. [�]ith a pickeraon and a�ik� �r�o1e, I starte� to wade across the river. The r�st of them H�ent acrass. '^hey were tall, hiq men, you know! i was a�ways a].itt1P rt�nr �n�? r.,�t �, y },� •a�� . ,_ . �, � ;r ,� � Wi�ii Gtte tools and I couldn't make it. 3't was aoinr. to wash me clear doti*n the rSvex. It �aas up to my waist anci swift, and those ol�� rocks were SI1G)c in that river. So I hollnred out t� a fell.or� hy the narnP of Ar�hur Jahnson and told him I coulc�n't make it unless I threw the tools away so 2 could swzm. we].i, he saia� just stay �here a minute if I coulc�, he wouZd come aut. �a, he thrPw nis tools;down, came hack out, got on the upper sir�e nf ine, and he3c? onto my hand. Part ot the time my f�et wouZd fly out from unc3er me, bL�t hP was bia and heavy, so 7 made it across without havinq to throw thP toals away. 29 Althouqh only 9�iies ea�t o£ the rresent city li�its of Portland, the history o� the ltunber industry on the Sandy is of a piece �aith that of ea�tern Gregon rather t`�an the T'i�Elariette �.�aJ.ley anr7 the lovrer Columbia. T�e ].att�r. industry ha� existed throucshout the seconc? ha�f of the nineteen�h century anc? had had lumber productaon as the nnrma7. finished �raduct. [r,Tater transport taas as often used for carriage of �he finishe�? as the raw product, t'astern �rec�on's lumber i.ndustry was almost �rholly depencient an the railroac3 hoth as a r:.eans for transportinq the finished procZuct and as a direct rnarket far much of t�e production, especa.ally railway ties. 6�There rivers had heen occ�sionally pressec� inta sezvice far carriaqe, they had only been so used after the cor�inq of the railroad. Such was thP case nf the 1ut71�,er industry on �he �andy and �o a larq� exten�. af that on its sistier, fload Piver, 30 �FCU�AT�nN Because �f its cl�se proximity �o r�etrapolitan Fartland and its undis- turbed wild and scenic character, the �andy is very nopuiar for surface recreation use des}�ite the fact that fishina from water craft in �he scenic waterway section fs proha.hited. NanCy [aood, from �he Qeed Colleae Bep�rtment of Piolnqy, canducted an inventary of baater use durfng the sur.�mer o�' 3979 for the Nature Conservancy. She obtainec� the following data for the s�ction hetween Dodge Park {Fig, 15) to O�cbow Park, the river section normal�y run (sor�e raftinq and ka�aking has been done above Dodge Park); RF�F3' INiI3ER TUBF INF'I,AT. CANf]E KAXAK R.VERAGES OF ti�IEEKETII� ISAT. & SUN ,) A1�Ib t?EEIiDAY USE SAT. & 54fN. �,� ��jp,y A�ie�aa�. �verac}e Averaqe Average # Vessels � Persons � �Tesse�s # Persons 30.5 90.0 5.€7 77.0 4.3 4.6 2.4 g.� 2.6 4.4 O.b 13.4 3 z.o o.a� 0.4 38.6 ^vessels with an averaqe of 2.5 haaters an weekenc� days. 30.6 vessels with an average of 2,1'7 boaters on weekc3ays. 31 �a cor�cLLS ior� A commercial fishery usinq motorized vessels h�s operated on th� Iower 3 miles of the Sandy ??ivex c3urinq most of this cet�tury. �'rom 1895 to 192G the Sandy was used for foa and rai.lway tie drives from Bricthtwooc� Fia�s at .;. River Mile_�S?�`�Therefore the fitate would have a claim on the basis of these two types of commercial use to the bed of the �andy from River *�iie 39 to the mouth except far parce�s alienated before 18�9 and adjusting for �.h� chancre .in the mouth of the xiver. 33 FiOdD R2VEP �IASIN t�rith the exception of sQme streams flowinq directly into the Calumk�ia and others flowinq east to the Deschutes, �h� basin of Hooc� Piver com�rises �he area of Ozegan's smallest county which zs namec3 a�ter th� river, The basin is pf triangular shape Frith a 30 mi.le base stretchinc� from the town of i:ood River south to the headwaters of the river's East F'ork (Fiq. 16) , The apex of the triangle is at I,ost Lake, Alonq the southern side of the tri.angle the main sourc�s of the river system arise from the eastern Qlaciers of n�ount Hood: Glisan, Ladd, Coe, 1?iiot, Newton Clark anc? Steel Cliff. Rs with the Sandy these headwaters arise a lit�le over half way up the mountain near or beiaw the 62�J0 foot line, 50 Follawinq the East Fork, ��hich has the qreatest lenc�th and flow amonq the river's tributaries, Haoc3 River is apgroximately 44 mzles in lenqth. This a.s considerably iess than that of the �andy, and as both zivers arise at approxima�.ely the sam� altitude, the qradient af fIooc3 R.i�rer is r_onseauently greate� over its total length. Eliat Branch which c�escenc�s through its breathtaking chasm at an averaqe c�radient of F30 feet per mile is twice as steeo �s the tipper Sandy but �;;e aveza�e qradient of 12S feet per mile of the East F'ork in the 25 m��es aboVe its r�outh is almost identical with that of the uppex 20 mi�es of 1�u13. Run River and less than th�� nf tre 5alr!�*:, m� m �, ;� difference in the gradients of the two rivers is founc3 in the lower sections wherein the main ster� of I�oad River meintains a steep averaqe aradient of 65 feet per mile in the 14.5 miles to the rfver's mouthSl rather tihan the Sandy's mor� gentle 9 feet per t�ile. �trea�flaw data on Eiooc3 River has been kept at two points, near '�ee at Riv�r MiZe 0.4 of the F7est Fark and near the town af iioo�3 �.iver (i��� �,�.), The average discharge for 47 years at 7?ee has heen 5h2 feet per seconci sait�i 34 . . -. • t � � _� +w�7noraw CLICKAMA. H OOD Prepa�ed by • � • • • • • • � Flgure IB . + a� a maxir.aum of 15,00� cfs and �inir�u� of 93 cfs. P'eax the motith of. Hooc? niver, at Tucker Bridge, the averaqQ discharqe zntermittently measure� since 189$ nas �aeen I,�25 cubic feet per secan� i•�ith a hiah of 22,30� and low of 13F. �fs - the latter arti€iczally caused by dam stor�qe at Dee E�'2q. 26?. .�Ithoua!� IiOOd ??iver is alacier-fed, the r.±aximuM f�ows accur, as ��ith western �rec�on rivers, during the months ot ?Jovemher through January, peaking in necemY;er. Flow fiqures indicate the second major contrast �nith the Sandy, beeause the western river, whil.e showincr equa7.ly marked cont,ras�s hetween high, av�raqe, and Zow flavvs, has a flow equiva3.ent to that of the final length of Hnoc3 P,�ver at a point only halfway �rom its s�urce. There£ore besic�es havinq a�rac�ient seven times as great as the Sandy zn its lower portion, thP eastern river has a much smaller flow. �Iee�less to say these different characteristics of. �1obd River made themselves felt when it came to usinq the river far trar�sport. The sp�ctac�Zarly scenic bas�n, do�inatec' hy h�o�nt Hooc�, was oriaina�ly heavily tir,sbere+� (Fiq. 25) and lurtk�ering remains the se�onc� mast important industry in E':ood River Caunty. ti�Tfth the remova� of. the primPval coverinq, however, the land has been used for archareis af pear, apple and cherry �,�hic'n are the hallmark of the ccunty. '?ac'; cf t;��s �rchar3 ;,and is ���igateci frar?f Hood River and its tributari,es. This diversion began ir� the pianeer period, received a ma�nr }�OOSt Ti11t�] t�iE' �OY'I?IdtlOTi Of Frank ndVP__]'tb�]rt''S �7a�Zc��r Tmr�rn':n-. ^ r - ment Company ira Z$97, and nnw accounts for a considerable �ortion of the stream's annual yield� (Fiq. 17). 3b �� D�PLETIQN Y1 ELD Fipure 17. Avsroqe onnuol yield vs consumptiv riqhta, Nood Rlv�r, f9B3. �7 NA.VIGATTON I]uring the 1at�r �9th cen�ury ther.e was consicierable vessel naviqa�ion near t�� mouth of Hoocl River, thnuqh it 1.arge.�y depended on trle annual early sumrr�er rise of the Columbia, an�i therefore is technically part of r�ean hic�h water navigation of t?�e ColumLiia River. At that time there was an island at the mo��h of the river makinq two channel 3aeds (Fiq. 18). Durina the �880's Backus operated a ferry across Hood River where the later Columbia River Highway h�idge was construct�d (ItM 1) , During 1ow +wa�er on the f'olur,ibia, however, he operated between sand banks close to the �outn.�� The f3aiZey Gatzert and other steambaats of the (�. S. & N. Co. aiso ascend�d into Hopd Aiver during high water between 1854 and 19I7. 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' ym� ,, :. ,�� 9 : � ��� � ` �'tie,�� ,i�+;+ � � � %. ri t: y � � � A"I t a � � �� � y p � G , }� � ! A �' .� � „� � � � � �," ; �,� � � W��� � � � ��.� �. � M� � � � . �K ��� � � ,:',� 74= y '. , . , * k��� ��� ,, r '� ��; � � � "� ak � � ,� i �. u ".�i 4 . e W , , . i�. �' ' . , �11"�A.,�k� � � s �, � , r ��� ' � �' � � ,� , $;a �► ; ."il" °,VA9N ��� x ! � ��A,.s .�Vb A '� � � � � � �., � g� . � ���� � � ,� �" ,�{`� �, ..� � � �� � � • � � ,,. "� � � ' � �� �� "�� � �:�`��� d � "^""*°,�t � " �'� �� �. �a �� $ � �. � � .� � � F .. WF' . .. .. w.] �� a � � , � � �.. �� , . � .d A�. .���� T �i .�, r x N� i j ,. z 4�,', P ,�, s �. �d b � � � ,� �+ m . n�ri r`..,� �,. �. �� �' � � � � • F lta }� N '�.i � � � ru tl'i a u"�+ � (7 ' '� � Z� � � �2 �e.�.� � ,r� � � LOG BR.IVIi3G The first sawr,ti3l in Fiood River Valley Eaas ruilt i.n *iay 1E3F,2 �y faardi.n Corum for Peter Neal (Nei1) on the cre�k t,;hich now bears the latter's nrtme ]au� which was then called Rack or R�[i11 Creek. The sawmilZ was solc� by the sheriff an Rugust 8, 1862 for a judqement aqainst P3ea�, anc� Thomas �ordon. whether the creek w�:s used to float Iogs to the m�ll is not stated. As £or Hooc3 River proper, early lcimber3nen apparen�ly despaire� of usinc� it far trans�nrting their loqs, as this story from the January 18A1 sr7est Shore indicates: "Littl� of the primeval �orest has been disturhed [in Hoaci River Valleyj, as lumbermen, who so often visit it, invariably return declarinq t3�at Hood River is so ra�id, rough and thrtuous that no lbq could be driven down it." In the same year, however, Georcte P. Crowel�� huilt a saFmti�.�. on �iooc2 River near Tucker Rridqe (Fiq. 22), It was iater sold to Cn1. B. 'I'ucker and was known as Tucker's miI1, In 1883 a shing,le miil at the tawn of Hooct River recea.ved shingle bolts run down Hood River which were stored at a boom near the p3.ace where the Colzur.bia River Hiqhw�y hridqe later crossec� the �trearn. It was not until the Ias� decade r�f the centur�, hnwever, t��� Zarqe s�ale log dxives on Hood River were projected. As 4rith the inaugurata,on o€ drives on the Sa�nay and the developrient of Troutda�.e, this effort in the burcreon�na tnw., of Hoad Rivex was spurrer� hy constrnction of the railraad in 1892-93.�' 4n June 8, 1889 the first issue of the Hoor� R�ver Glacier reported that Frank But�on, timberman fror� LaCrosse, 6•=�sconsin had qone to Lost Lake wit� A. J. P.and to look at the timber tl�ere. '?t,�o weeks later an article in the newspaper procl.aimed 4�7E WILL I�Z�VF. MILLS, "The riv�r is a natural route fbr [the vast quantity nf timber adjac�nt] to find its way to the mills, Hood r,iver is an easy stream ta drive, the only ditficulty heinq holdinc� the Zoas as the current is so swift that no bnom wiil hold tham....1.891 wi1Z see flume 43 . . -1 \ * � � +� _ � �f . . � �. V � � t '� ' ' r ¢� `` � � �� �}.��,� . � a ,t � r j t r ; � � • �• � �• � � � . 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'',�,�. �' ;+�` • E � ■ �s� .'�� �` s' . � � � : z� + 4�: � " ��' `�, , � �. �� :� ��� � �a i i�� f•'.- �y fi ; \ �' i , ., y � �. �� �� z+ � � �/ . �* s �� ,y„/1- .�T.� �w ` � - � � � fa k � t - 'T��` � ` ' i �� x �u i�� � l r � . , 4 '.�fFi: .°�� `��. � :�� .. I�, r `�... Ear. ���. � � �.�_� , � �'�3. 'Y ' � �� .rr�, t • � � >`�.��3'�� i.. -'� ,b,�, 7 ^c � .,•� �}_ �.. � � � 4 ���� 4 , . ` � t I � di'* � S � '� �� . ,d"� . �, � `i . ':� � , M'- �� a.', j_ ,�Ib��- - `" i� . � , • � . [ �t�;Y , t �ti ? � `j� x � a � ��+e� �.�.. ��'� . ��, � �� � <<.. t a:'�a�" : � , � . � I :v ' �;.,� �'�p . �� � � �- �;� ',;� P - f � ��t .. � � ; t �' ' F' �� p� '.�! . � r � ..�iR'� M ..�7% ��_ � � • � "� . .+lEi�� ,Y ��pr Q . t � �. . '. '`k , . • ; �� � + . ,. ; ��� f � ♦ � �"' � - ' �*� r �` ,�'� �' � � { �t t � � � . � � � #� + .��r� � � ''�: # '.�` ' -�, � � � � ; s `� , � . # � ' � . '� ' � ";� � ` � � ` • � � '� k� ; �� `'� �' + s 4 i� �, !� .R . �: �� � l�' # � 9 • . .. �� , '7 f Yf`' � � ; �` . �� � r. . • " � i .- ' . and riv�r at work haulinq the w�alth of the mountains to this point."�� mhis faith rested in part on the heiief that a dar.i would be hui�t an the river capab�e of holding the logs. Pacific Coast �Toncl & Ixdn got word of th� �ood �iver �roject and in January 1890 announced the t�x, Buttam planned �o drive Hood Riv�r and use a splash dam at Lnst Lake. It would be eight years, howe�er, before such daring schemes were put in operation, �ieantime L�iiliaM 5aunders and four to five others cut 54b cords of wooc� at Sandy Bottom and 2000 cords on the East Fark d�rinq December 189I F�hich they p�anned to send down the river during the following sprang.� In April 1B93 0.iark Cameron and �*alter Henricks were cuttina �ogs for Tucker AAill which maY have been sent there on the river. The Glacier was still hoping that in the near future Noac� River would be made to carry timber frotn the headwaters to the town. Sut the largest sawmill in the area, Davenport Bros., ignored the river anc� estabiished its sawmil3. u� Phe�ps Creek near the ti.mk�er and floated the lumber to tawn over an eiqht mile flume.�'� Then in Jaunuary �.896 the 4�:'inans Brothers executed a coup. rn rapid �uccession they farr.ied a campany to improve Hood Rivcr in or8er to drive saw logs, railxoad ti�s and fence posts, and an .Tar��ar� 1�, lqa,y �y�ti��z�� a t�e��ar- ation from the �?ascq County Court that uoor� F�iver was a pubZic highway for fi.oat- ing l�qs and tirnber. In the cour�'s rut�p session, they secured a five {or fif�y3 year lease of the riv�:r for that Purpose k=ith �he riaht to colZect tolis anc3 boomage fees. The county dec�ared the '�est, '•liddle �nd Fast Forks of Hood R.ive� and Green Point Creek to be pubZic highways for flotatinq and tiransportation of lags, timber and lumber; but only ]�eased the �:est Fork to River '�i3.e 9(Fiq. 23) , the ^�idd�.e Fork to River ?�!ile 9.7 and East ri'ork to River T�i1e 1.1 with no mentaon of Green Point Creek. TpJ.ls were only set on t?�e first 12 miles of �iood River from be3.ow the forks to the Mauth. Tolls were not ta be col.lec��d for driving until the company had completed its imnravements.h� 45 fi y .� �°.� .. �,,r �, I�YA] .�., t � �� I�, � � '5�,���':w %' n . � �� �. , J � y aj � , �� � n . 4 . X t � ""e � +Vw �.a x 9�'r�� "�If3. ���f.. C^u'�S� Z' CSX')S �(7Ch� •. � �^�� < , � � �, ��" ��° ?.iver a� !�`•1 7, 2 Jt�l�r 198�}. ��,� .� M • '�". ;�.� �i �`�� � �"�,i� E' . �. � � ,� w `'� +� � +� � -�w� �" , "�`�p`��n � . � � � ,, � � °�` � w � � , , ��t.- '� j" � W ��' �r ra z � ��: � p �' � � y� �� � �$ r q` �l ) �' �i ���'�" � ��°� �, ��A ¢p�� ?"� � d ��'�';'�"� J � � � �i y� � � t i S '� �' - "w,ti ; � � �� �� �; � �K �h4o�" v�� M;�� �� � .. � �� ��� � " �'� �' � '� � M�� M... �" � .-�. ��, r�4� �� � y% � ,y 14. �.� ��� i _ � ' � '" � � . d , �' � � .. x+�'� m � ' 4 ���S�� � 9. . . ��� 4 n � � � ^ p �. w � : � r ., '", � }� � ,.�: $ d� � � h ���''^,r „' �F� w'fi'�, �n � � '# *� ^+c ` q ,a. � t_ ..,� . � r . � k � �r �.,, �' ""*,. .�� � �.��� ,r��� �~� '}�� ti � �» '`� + ,� r � � " . `* � t ��f : -� � .� ,�, �, M �. ;� �".. �� • � � • i . ,_ . ° F��r . � _ . n . o- �" . �°_. . • �,� ,F>...� 'ylA� "'S *4 � ` - � {� S , � dr � ' �',++ �a�t S ' . �w �` � . -° � �+r� , � ;�" k . � �.' . . w "r �a , y � , * 9Ye �,r.4 � .. . r x �. a� � � ' ' � v ^.�. . � �r„ � � � �� �� 1�.t -�� 'E.� ��, ' -� � �` i .� � _ 4 �� � �, ' , �, °�r „ " � �'' ��� . �,� � °�+� "� ° �` y " '� � � ` �� �� :�r r�"� �� �''� �i± �,,� T' � � ' �" �'Jr � . A ti , � ; '� '�+�*�' _ �� a '3 , � k ;r,. .:�a . ���� ��..�r. . , ` +. , � 46 Fiq. 23�. I3eui1's Pu�ch ��+11 (West F[srk � PM l�. 3) }�efare ciisfiguration by fis"h lacider . Hcx�d River Museum. ��� � ����i. .• ., . �, �� �°'° , 5 � � . .� � ,�e_ The Glacier, which had beQn in the forefrant of support for use of hood River, imsnediately Zed the �uY,lic outcry aqainst this monopolization of the stream,� nn February 14, 1896 it printed at lenqth the Ietter of C. L. ��arse, a West Fork homesteadez wha had been injured by the actian of the Wascq County Cau�t. P�orse's lands wer� two miles above �he river section leased by the 44inans. �e stated that in 1888-89 he had �riven 50,Oti0 fence posts dnwn to the town of EIood P.iver des�ite the stream's �aa f1ow� that year. 2n 1894 he had been able to �end 4�,000 Pence pos�s the I8 miZes td town without drivinc� them because of that season's heavier runoff, ;�4orse said the G�tinans' lease would make zt uneconamical td cut and market the trees on his land, tihat the Winans had no real intentian of improving the riv�r but only to force a serious sawmil� d�veloper to bu}r out theiz nrivilege, ancl in the meantime wisheu� ta enforce boom charqes at tneir £acility which was next to Hood River town. The existence of the hoor� and the fact that dux�inc� the hiq�i watex of �7over�er 1896, logs threatened to damage the intake o� an irrigation flume wouZd indicate that there was some Ioc� tran5port on the rive�r at that date. t��iorse's contention that th� G]inans' nu�'POSe in c�hta?r.inq t?�e l�a�e cf thz riv�r was only to pzofit fram 5omeane e�se's entrepreneurship was borne out in the event. The serious developer was Capt. P. S. Davidson. with his son P. 5_ Jr. and F. H. Button he organized the Last Lake Lumb�r Company in 1898. They also forn►ed the Hood Ri.ver Transpar�ation and E3oom Company to handle the dzivinQ on Eiood River. The latter company was suhscribed 3ay 150 resi�lents of �?ood Riv�r who wanted the river improved for driving by �n competiCors. Announcinq that he would build a sawmiiZ in the town of Hood Piver as soan as the citizens allowed him to drive logs in the riv�r, navi.rlson obtained a reversal ot the i?asco County iease on Dgcemb�r I898, the caunty buyinq ou� the t�?inans priviZege for $2,�40. The viewex who rc�commender? the ar�ount of ttie award found that the 97 Hood River �umher Campany had made no improvements to the river in the two years they held the lease. A year a£ter the county revoked the lease, and while the river was at hooming stage, Lost Lake Lumbez Company se�t men up Hood River to �riv� the mil�ion feet of loas they had �reviously �ut in ±he river. �he ar�ival of the Davidsons seems to have spurr�d the Plinans into activity, for on December 8, 1899 they were using a dankey engine ta draw logs Erorn the bluffs into Haod River,�� As the Timberman commented, "HOOCrt river is proving a better driving stream than was qenerally sun�bsed."�� Next rronth the jaurnal reported tha� the Winans' operation was 14 miles above the mouth of #iood F.iver and that the Last Lake Lutr�ber Company c3rive had formed a jam hut that a new fr�shet had broken it and the 1.ogs had come da,rn to the site of their mill which would begin ape�atian PRarch 1.� During the sun�tner of I9�0, three million feet of loqs were put into Hnocl River and were expected �o co�e out with the first fresh�� {�l�s. 24 & 25). Heavy rains dic3 not sen�l Hood River roaring until mid-Jan�ary 1�p1 when the lags came down, 500,000 feet l�eina cauqht in the Last Lake Lumber Co�}�any's k�oo�?. 79 By �ris �i^^e t';e �ast Lake �,umber c:.ompany was planninq �o build splash dams so that they could �iave a more reqular and dependahle su�o�7.�� o€ logs from their timber holdina� , gnr,p,-t T.a� � w �� � a ��„Q�i l;,iizowner in the Mount iiood town area, artd J. P.. Bird found a site on the East Fork of f?ood Ftiver that they calculated would hold enough water to send down two spl.ashes a day which cauld float logs downstream at a rate o� 60,000 feet per ciay, �ird had a camp on the Easti Fork where he cut logs fox the Lost Lake Lumher Company in !�ay 3.9D1. He expected to p��t in six to eiqht hunc�red thousand feet per month. At the same tim� navidson uras preparin� to receive � drive frozn hi.s own camps on Hoad River.8� Heavy rains brought down a r�illio�i �ePt for 48 �} � `I �� �� -rr-�� ; .' • i t -+= ,, � • .'�� 0 � i 49 � .t ,r,��• t�}� �n� ' �•; � ! � �� f . / h ` � .2 �� y . �� ; � a ' T Y e"C11 L 1 J^ ,� � � i.` Ir � i� 5.:.� + � � .. .�� � .� .: �� �• � � �: . - = ti ti , ,r � �..V _ , � �' ,�'fk,. �{.�,� , i `� � r i:- ` � • ', �l ' 'i S '�• `' - � ,t � ��' �'� [ �� ;+ ' '1 1, �� { i � . �� `�J1. ' �� � "� � �_ � , ' `���'� - � ..`i - . �. _� � i� � �' �q � i�� {���'�'� tri� ��- � � �.�� t . 11 . :_� r . � �� � ' +r^ ; . � ' � r �i! ~. .� �! i � 1 � �r � }� E � , ' S � i�,.� � _�� �. ' '. � �, ,� �'�; �' `, '�'� , ,�. - '' '..' fi_ � r �� r , � � . :� �, . � �• : i . , r . «_�� . }' ±; �i� i�� �; 1y � ; q �,�i�_� 1 . !F���w-a j t � �t. ;. . � .�' �;. �. ' .�r • • • N 4�� P 1�� ,� �� , f� ?.! , '�� ; ` ��,1�� ' z�' .� . 1 _ � a Y '�`,'��,� � } r �,� � • N • . r y s � f , y • ��� j ' ; � � . , � �� l � � I .�•�� �j` t y �� t f����# .v{ ' . w ' � ,. ' � ����� ��. 1 �` -��.�� .��y f` �. ;��. � . 1 • Il � �` ' ' "'f-` `.'' . . `i.i�' Q ' � '� }� � 1 :. '1.�'1 'l� ! ti� - tir � � ' n " S �. y . : i a :t , 1+5 ,' � � � '�., , y ` , � . i , ��� ,r 1�` 1�; ��" . ,' i ���� " �'�� � �� . �,i � . � ���'' : �' � �,� � ' � � • . . , '�''�. y ['�� ' r ; " ti � �� � i ,` � e' ` } . ' � ` • '� � r ' �' � '�v� i � � '�i , . • � . � � � :L � :�.� ��'� • , . :i r +� � � �. NS •� . ; � � �� • _ _ �'� i � 4�.R�..._i . i1t . , ��.�� ;�,'`�� .,;�: � �` � y � • .. � f+�• ; +�• i2a rR. � � . C ; -•�-1 � al •.i � .L: R� [!'. � � � � � � y r '.�.' Li •.ti 3 s+ � � - o v� 3 .-� +� O � m � �rs •.� -.� o � .., •,� � b T +� N G1 1�1 C U +} v O �� . RS ,� O� r-1 C+ O U ¢7 •-i •.i �+ � �a O js.� w; e O U ; ,,,, " ��" ,""� ���� ��.�� . � ., ,� � �"" ` . ;��'�� �+ � � • � �,�� ,. rr�t► ,, „� • 4 ; �� � �, � � � ,�, y,,, w �� '" +�l � k .a �Y .kq� 1 �'��� ��' � lN� "'I� ,�� �� -�� � � r�, ,�*' ,,�� � � „ � � �, a �, , �. M ,_.: � ,�,,,,�.., . � ,� �� �� ,,� ,"�' �y � � r � � s � ,� . ��, � �, ° . :�:�:t` ;��` ,. ,..� ' „��; A � �!�"�, . � c�� � •� D C�: 3 �C (7 � � W � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � •+�.��� u� �n � ,� � � � • +� � r� a� rr u-+ c� ur .� �a s� • � w �-1 :w �I �,: �J �7 them during the we�k af .1ov�mber 29, 190�, The freshet c�eared the river sa th�t when more rains sent the riv�r boominR a week �atex no �oqs came down because none were in the river, �ut in the fol�owinq Apri1 the �ost Lake Lumber Company received a driv� of 2�illion feet. The trus�ees of the Davenport family sold the Lost Lake Lumber Company to David Ecc�es and Thomas Dee of the Dreqon Lumber Company which was incorp- orated in Utah and continued the Hacx3 River enter�rise as the *tount Hooc3 Lumbex Company. T�ey planned to reopen the IocFging camp on the East F�rk about three miles above Winans and intended to make improvem�nts in the channeZ of the river to facili�ate drivinq. This work inclU�ed construction ot several more sp�ash dams. 84 The �iood P,iver Lumb�r C�npany was also re�orted in Jvne 1903 to be investinq in Hood River; "this is a vexy rapid stream, but doe�atless can be im�rove� so as to render it possible to drive Iogs at a moderate expense," At t�e beginning of December 19�3, Charles �arly, superintendent of the Mount Hood Lumber Campany operatians, invited the ec?itar of the Glacier tn visit their iogging camps and view the results r�f the S15,p00 in improvements they had made in Hooct River: Hundreds af big boulc3ers have been blasted fr�zn the rivcr, and at paints along the stream where the water I�ad a tendency to s.eek two or three channels, "cribs" have be�n built, forcinr� �.�.e w�4C1 �I�LQ ane channeZ and pr�venting tize logs from piling high and dry upan the bank. These crihs, put in for an exper- iment, have proven a rtreat ssccess, and mare are to be made ��xt Year• There were many doubts as to the practicabili�y of �iaating saw lops down Hood river, but all these have b�en dispei- led, and the big boom in th� Columb�a river has been col�ecting Zoqs every day since the f�e�hp+� parl, i:, =3ovcmk�r. The cdmpany was currently ]�agqinq �etwe�n the East and West forks on D�e Flats abou� ]�5 mi�es southwest of the town of Hood piver. SDZash dams have been built, one in each fork of the river at this poin�. These dams are o�en�d once a day and start a flood sufficient to carry what loqs that have been pJ.ace�3 in eit?�er stiream down to the main river, where there is £orce enough to take the logs an down to the m.outh of the river. �oth horses 51 anfl donkey engines ar� emn�oyed in haulinq t�e Zoas ta the edge of the hluff, ��here th�y are rolled into a chute and started on a l�qhtninq trip to the water. On the �ast fork there is a chute 1,5�� teet in length, the lower haZf being almost 1evel, and Iocrs wei�hina hal€ a tnn slide down �his dry �luzne in �ess than £ive seconds. A sight well warth �he day's trip 1435 a log �am in the narrows ahove the �alls o� the Vdest fork [Devil's Punct�ow2]. When the heatry rains came the fore �art o� last month, nore locrs hac� been turne� into �e rivex than a sn�lden ris� cauld take car� �f, and a jatn was the result. P?r. Early said that the first day after the jam formed there were 1,000,000 feet of 3ogs in th� qorge. Logs 40 feet in length �rere standing upriqht. I� was a solid mass of loqs for a quarter of a mil�, and was a uron�erful sight. But to ��[z�, T�ar3.y it would have been a mqre we].come scene had 'the lo s been cn3.lected in the i�ooan at the mouth of th� river.� �he Zqgs weze fr.eed, but not before �wo horscs were draqgec� to their deaths over the cZiff when the block and tackle lines they were �t�llinq suddenly �roke the jam.$� But the car�aany's drives, often subcontracted tip men Ii3ce WilZiain Andzoss, Char2es Helm�r, and Roy f�enson, continuec� into the �a3_� of 1904.� In ApriZ I�p4, ho�,ever, "��ing to a sudden rise in the water, a dam belonging ta the Mount Hood Lumber Company, of Hood Risrer, �ocated on a tra.bu�ary, gave way and a13.o�Pd a c{uantity of Iogs to be carried into the main river. Part of the logs k�ere recovereci in the Columbia."� Further downriver, L. A, Hermann soic� his timber to the "?aunt Hood Lumber rn,T,n,nt, �„u :.� , ____ _, ��•• �•� .� 4�a� 1�yyCC� ny zne r�asi�ian yzvery Company. �etween Auaust and October Z9�3 the livery company hauled abour 70n pine sawloc�s af i6 and 2q foot lengths from Elermann's l.ands to the banks of �?aoc� P..iver about 3�� miZes south oP the Ium3�er company's mill in Hood RivPr_ Durina January 1905 the N�ount Hood l.oqging camps c].osed c3awn indefiniteZy to await the arrival of rail J.inQS with which to continue logqing. D�spite the investm�nt of the t:ount Hood Lumber C'om�any, drivinq lc�qs on I*o�a Piver was deemed to be too hazardous and ir.snractical. 52 , � i - e . ( � , ' a _ , ��� . . �� a � � s ' � ' � _ . �. t � f, . . • � ► •' � . � :>; � , ' .�i., ''t: ':,.- , • .� '���• 'k — •�,� ~y� - ' . ' .. :i' - k; � � , �: . . . � � ��� � �. . �. ' . . t :, � .R �, " .�,' «�:� { ; . 4 �- �'-i M ��� �.:yf�.�.��_•...�., y+ � u a� ���� ` r � �' � �^+ jy � `� • , . f��lr y t ; � � � � .,,�.,,,'��". - E ' + .'l� . � . • �, � ' . x .r : �� ��.. t � ' � . t l -'i: "'a } 'C ` .t � '!C. +'• • � - � � ~ �i�� '�¢ F• 1 , 1 c4 7r� � i ? - • 1 � F �`-':+" -` • � t � �1 �rt" � �� � , - r ��, -- � -:.��we�� � . �^'�.� • � � '*'d � � < ,* � �. � r �,'. � ;' -�::�,�-- - : � � � � .� . c: , :�._� �_ � ;�' y; r � _'� .. �:-�'._�� � • " � � 4 �-� -,, f � ,. ' �. .f ; !� � � -. - , ���`� �......._: �. .-� ' � �►%�'''�'�� ` ' � _•� ; j a �:cf�+K. - .. t i j i 1 . ► {,- ; ��� � . f F . .�_ ! � i � � b fF �� . �.' �'a"�"� ��. . � ��� �. `, •�'Ar�. �E s:�. � :G '� . �` �'t .�. �' ` • I L.: . ., . ` ..... � J � �-- , I` . : Q ^ : ,,� � i��' — �,� if `'�' � • , � ��� � h �� f �� r • � �� �r . � .,f ��`._7 � . R� .-f �.: �4'� � . � - � . r a � r - . !� � y _� . � .��,., �:,J ;• �. � • ti. � �". �r • Y � a ' 4 '���, • .y lf � � + • '(.t '��- }.. . �s.r.� � ��� ,' Y� • • � -w�y-..� j'� ✓' �y • _ • � � • ♦ ii��', �-1•�'� ' � ;;��� . . A , �':L � j � : . r� � r i� �s t � . '"� �' J • " . �4.y' ^ � •.Y '' ~ �1� � �� � • : . � ."'w'"'�++�3 '.. � ��,�. � � , : + • _ � ''� � :- .sF"'G' «°,ar f ; - when the QR & r� Company's lines arrived, the lumber campany had reverted to its ariginal name, th� Or�gon Lumber Co�pany, and had built a large saw- mi�k at �ee with a 32 foot hiqh dam far iog storaqe (Fiq. 26). A splash dam hiqher on tihe East Fork brought same loqs but rai� lines were maialy relied on to bring logs to th� pool formed by the dam. COi�CI.[IS IUN 4�as Hood River navigable for 1og drives? There was a.ntermittent flotation of logs, fence posts and shingle bolts on the river be�ween 1883 and i896 from as high as River Mil� 11 of the West Fork and River Mile 1 of the East Fork. Then for five years, :Erom December �.899 to the autumn of i9Q4 there was very larqe scale drivinq over �he East and Arest forks, though th� head of lc�g navigation did not much exceed that nf the smaller earl�er river drives. MuGh improvement of the rocky 3aed of the river preceded these dr�.ves and at least durinq the last two years splash dar�s ailowed driving to oceur at other times than tihe recurring times of winter hiqh water. That the river was an essent.ial ar�ery fnr cqz�erce in this p�riod is borne out bv this usaqe �hA �eclaratie:: af �dasco County Coelrt under terms of the Sta�e's 1$89 ieg�.slation, arsd the �ratest of the Hood River citizenry over ►nonopolization of that commercial route. That railroads proved a superiar means of transport dc�s not detract from the importance of the eariier use of the rfver. Therefore c�n the basi.s of actual comm�xcial log drivS.ng the 5tate would have a c�aim to the river bed from River Mile 11 of the West Fork and River Mi1e 1.1 of the Fast Fork to the mouth of Hood River. 54 FOOTN�TES 1. LeF�is A. P?cF+r�.huz, Oreqon Geaqraphic rlames ath ed. (Port].and: �rec�an f:istor.ical 5ociety, i974}, pn, �46, 365-6. 2. State �r�ater �esources Board, Isower S��i�lamette River T�asin (Salem, 1�?h5} , p�. 1, 3. 3. [�regon] Parks and Recreation fiection, Gcenic Waterwa� 5tcady; Sandy, �2iver, Prelimin_ ary Report (1972) , P. �-3; taater �?esources "Zap ?_.h, 4v'i�,lame�te Drainaae Basin. 4. Lower Saillamette Sasin, pp. 3-�4. 5. U. S. Geoloc�ical Survey, Y7ater ??esourc�s Data for nre�on, ��?ater Yeaz I978, �dater !?ata Re�art OR--7B-1 (POrtland, 1979} , p, 22p, 6. Edward �, Brockman, "SmeZt and �he Sandy River" (Portland, 199h); ].g35 and 1940 survey maps o� the mouth of the Sandy, t7. S. Arn�y Coz`ps of Engineers, Port�and, hR. 7. Scenic Wateru�ay Study: Sandv, �p, 23, 27-2g, 8• Hiqhway Car�mission Scr�nic h*aterway Hearinc}, January 23� �.g73, �,, �5, 9. Information from Sharon �'esbit, Gresham nutlook re�?orter anc� nirector of th� Trou�dale M�seum, �7anuary 23, 1980, �0. Ybid.,; Gresham Outlopk, 15 April 1924; and see Brockman, "Sxneit". 11. Tnformation from Burnie Bohn and .7im Galbraith, Department of F`ish and hTildli�e, Columbia River FiSheries, Clackamas, �larch 24, 1980. Z2. Nf��tnomah County Circuit Court Cas� No. 243-548 (State of r]reqon, Highway Commission v. Martin}, �xcerpts from Tes�imony, �p. Ig-22, 13. Advisorp Car�nittee ta the State Land Board, Second Bzennial Report (1972} , p. 128. - � ..� 14. Troutdala r},ar,,�,,,;,,., zrs „_� , r.r =- �y�•. � ���- �8ya; Yacific Coast ood & Tron 23:?. fFPh TAa�J p. 58. 15. Testimony in Scheufele v. *1er�msan (187 f�R 2h3} , pp, 307-310, "�155 7�3n23 � Case No. 15378, State Archives, Sa2em.� 16. Pacific Coast S�'oad and Iron, 24:6 (Dec 1895) , p, zlg, 17. Columbi� P.iver and �reqon Tir�b�rman, 1:3 (�an I9001, p. 11; 2:1 (Nov 19003. p. 7: and PaciEic Coast 4��ood and Iron, 34:3 (Sep 1900}, p, �2, 18• !]re on v, �lartin, Excerpts fro� Testimony, op, 2, 4 �, �. 19. Columbia River and Oreqon Timberman 2n2 (D�c 190Q), n, 7 and 2:4 (Feb 1901) , p, 6; and see Pacific Coast �A�ood and Iron, 37:1 (Jan 19flZ) , p. 16. 20. Columbia River ana �regon �'imbernan, 1:6 (Apr 1.90i3}, pp, 21, 22 and 1:8 (7une 1900), p. 7; see also Ciackamas County Circuit Cvurt C�se No. 7033, �tate Archives, Sa1em. 21. Columbia Riv�r and �iregon Timberman, 1:7 (May i9pQ), p. �2. 22. Fish Warden's Diary, 19D1-19Q8, pp. �5-J.7, Oregon �tate Archives, Salem. 23. Information �rom Sharan Nesbit, December 26, 197g, 24. Columbia River and �reQan �'ir+berman, 2:10 (Aug 1g01)� p, �. 25. Ibid. , 3: 10 (AUg 1902) , p• 6; 3:5 (*tar 19[32} , p. 8; 5:1 {NoV Z9(33) , p. 20. 25. Ibid., 6:4 (Feb 1905), p. 32. 27. Ihid., 6:9 (JuZ Z905?, p. 32. 2$. IJ�id., $:B (,7une 1904}, �, q3, 29. Ihid., 6:9 (,7uI 1905}, p. 32. 3�. Scheufele v. Vew�rnan, Testimony, p. 310. 31. Gresham Beaver State Heraid, 25 .7an 1907. 32. Ibid. , 10 .�lay 1907. 33. Ibid 27 ��arch �908. 34. Colt�rnbia River and Orecron Timberm i�1:7 (��av 19�Q1 _ n_ �� 35. Ibid., 2:5 (P�lar I901.), p, 6; and see C�acka�as County Circuit Court Case P]o. 8572, re: a 1907 f1�ur.e on 4�?a�ker Creek (Dreqon State Archives, Salem}. 3n. Gresnam �eaver State Herald, 24 A�r, 72, 29 hlay 1a0�, 37. Columbza Piver and ore�on T��}'�Arm�n� 0;4 ;Feb ��r;8i, f�. 42. 38. Gresham B�aver State ?�erald, 6, 13 �ay, 1� ,TUne 1910. 39. Ibid 9 June 191�, 40. Ibid., 23 "1ay 19�2, The Timberman, 13:10 {puq Ig12), n, �tpR, 41, Dorothy �1[elson] Shrum, "Laaqinr - The r,reen C,old t�arvest" in Elizaheth Fiartman anc� !U?arie �chwartz, eds., Sandy Pioneers ESandy ��373}, p�,, 14, 213-214; "John �. :�7c'�auqht P�members . , , " T�Rountain �iaqazine (�ct 1�?70} , �p. 30-3I; and see Scheufele v, r]eumian, Transcript of Testimony� pr�. 310- 3I1. 42. Information r.eceive� hy Doro�hy Schrum from John �inclair, Sandy, .7une 1980. 43. Tnformation receive� hy �orothy Schrum £ram non Andley, �q�� 92 �g Sandy, one of her father's employees at �andy Lumher Company after. �920-21. 44. Informatiion from Dorothy Schreun, Sandy, 2�u�y �g80. 45. Ibid 4b. Clackamas County '�techanics Lien F�ecord F3ook 5, pp, i�2, �OA, t'lackamas County Courthouse, �regon City, 47• J- A• Ploodward, ed., Oxen, F,xes and China Teacups (Gresham: ??t, Piood Communzty Colleqe, 1975), np, 60-63. 48. 5�e Grande Ronc�e Naviqaba�ity Report, g. �, 49. fiTancy Wooc�, "Human C}se of the Sandy ?�iver Gorge" (1gT9) ; John Garren Oreaon River Tours (Paztland: Benford &"�'ort, I974) , pp, gl-g5. 50. U. S. Geologi�al Survey, nuadzanqle 7.S *linut� Series, Cathedra3. Ric�cre (3.�62? anc� i�-tt. fiood South (1952y; [Oreqon� U'ater Pesources ne�sartment, ii�od brainage Fsasin, rTap 4,6 (1975) , 51, Ibid, ;[Oreqon] State L•later Resources Board, Hooc� Basin (Sa].em, 1965} , p. 3. 52. U. S. Geoloqica�. Survey, T�7ater ??esds�rces ��ta for t�reqon, [�ater Year �979, iM17�ter Data Repart OR-78-1 (Portland, �9'79), pp, 2�2_2�3. 53 . FIood River �4echanics Lien necorr� 1, p. 14, Hood Riv�r County Courthouse, Hood River, ��. '-�cnu Basin, p��. i,`s-iy, �5. S5. Earie K. Bartmew, Hoad Pi^ver to Lanc�ille, 24 ,7u1y jZ9]54, ��illiam A. Lanqille MSS, University of Oreaon Library, Eugene. 56. Captions on photograp?�s in Hood �?iver �tuseum, Hood River. 5 �• �����ra���� A1 Lichem, Department of Fish & Wildlife, '�he Dal�es, 58• I-tood River Mechanics Lzen P,�cord Z, p�s, �Zp_��_ ��. s^+'FH Historical P.ecords SurveY � HQOd piver Cnunty, Falct�z �r� �� nzeqon State Library, Salem; see also I�aod River A:ews (��, �� Y93gj , F, 1 � , 60. The I�1est Share (3an 1881}, p, 34. 61. 1949 interview with Eph L��inans zn TIOOCi t?�vPr tde4�s (g Dec �.955) , Sec. C, p. 4; Aicture of the bridqe and mill in Odeli Bicentennial, "Our Town o� OdeZl" (1976), p. 4; and see Statewide ?nventory of His toric Sitas and Buildinqs, Hood R.iver Caunty f1976). ` 62. Fiood River "yews (22 ,7nly I938) , np. 3, 13. 63. Tbid �4 EioOd n.iver Glacier, i:l (8 �une 1�389}, 1;3 (22 June 185�}, and see 2? July and 31 n.uq 18�9. 65. Pacific Caast ���ood and Iron, 13 :� (�7an 189n) , p. 15. 66. Hoad �?iver Glacier (12 Dec 1891.), 67. Tbid, (15 Apr 1893). 68. Ibid. {17 Jan 189b); see also F•�asco County Circuit Court Cases C2�, L1�3, Mc67, t��asco County Courthouse, 'The Dalles. 69. Hooc3 Fiv�r County Cornmissioners ,7ournal A, i7t� 20(}-103, Hood river Courthouse, Fiood Piver, �ranscribe� from �fasco County Commissianers Jnurnal �, pp. 317-16. 70. Hood River Glacier {,�7, 2�}, 31 �7an Z896) . 71, Ibid. i14 Feh �89F�) . 72, Ibid (I3 Nov 189F), 73. Hood River County Fecord of Incorpo�ations I, 15S atkoted in Historical Records Survey, Hoad River County, VI �, 74. H�ad River Glacier {16, 23 nec 1€�9�� ; Columhi� P.iver and nre�o iirrhexrzan 1:11 (Se� 19�0), o. �0. ------ '75. Hood River Glacier {2, � Dec ZR9R) ; Nc?a? �?iver Caunty C'omm�ssioneYs Journal �, ��. 137, 139--145 tran�cribed from I��asco Cn:inty Cor±�tnissic�n�rs Jaurna}_ C r._ F,�F� a�,r� �a- nn 17-�?, 7h. f�ood i?iver Glacier (1, 8 �?ec 1R99} . 77. Calumbi. R and r7regon Timk 1:2 (Dec 1899? , n, I7. 78. Ibid. , 1:3 (.7an 1900) . P. 9: and see 1:5 {*•�ar 190�) , p. 7; (;�tay 190�1) , p. 12. 79. Ibid 2:1 (Nov 1900), n, 10; Noo� R.iver �Zaci�r {�S ,7an 1�01). A!1 r�.,l, ...h; r+: _.a n... _L_ , .+�.. �v+�:..�u�.��x ..i'v"ci di1�� ��iC�ivii Ti[°,ic�ei!'.tdlt� 1:r` {NPx' .C"�IJVI r I�• 11j L:L (;7G'C lyf)U} � p. 6; 2:7 (��ay 190Z), �. 25. 81. Ibid., P. 15: 2:12. (Oct 19�1) . �ap• 7. E. 82. Hood !?iver GJ.acier (29 Nov i9�1) . 83. Ibid, (5 nec 190I) ; Columbia �iver and nreqon Timiserman, 3.� {��-,� Zg�2) , p, ' o � $ � � 'l'S'W '133j NI N011b'A31� � � � g �_ 0 1 v = c� Q �ON O� Q�QO N F � o v �LLvi�� '� o c� a W��N � Q �� � �W o� OU �� � �w �� a Q m r QOOH iNf10W Qtl3H 0 u� JVZ'�IZ 0 v �OOM1H91ki9 INQl10E H39NISS3W N33H� H3�ltl J l 'ON � di0�!l3S3N Nflki 71f19 ¢ w o � M i[ , Z'ON diona3s�d Nna ��ns W � J W o z OQwg �� . � � ,� s o m W❑�oo �zW� o �Q�a� � �� Q � �� � 3 Z -� m a '� � � m a 0 00000a' _ ro a a a o L.i.L�L. 1 . 1 . I L60'� �3S1133d JI9f1� � W � �� ,l0 NtlS 'N f1NbW1fN dWtl� AlNf10� SVW'd�l�tll� A1Nl10� IidWON11(1W CINtll51 NMOP M'dIONI .� 0 T � ��va�Niaas O Z 3NI135V8 3113W1il�IM 3ldalflOHl a H�v�e iv�iaNns �