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Santiam River FarnellS A� T I A M R i V E R N A V I G A B I L I T Y S T U D Y By Steghen A. Moser Engineer Section Stipervisor DIVISION OF STATE LANDS February, i977 T a B� E o F c o r� T�� m s intiroduc�ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 T:�e Santiam - • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 'Ihe North 5antiam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i2 'I'he South 5antia�n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i7 Ki story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Svracuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Santiam City . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Jeffersnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Sweet Home . . . . . . . . . - • - • - - . . . . . . . - - . 2P 5tavton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Lebano:� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 L,oq ❑rives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3R Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Ferries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Recreational Boatina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BO 5ttrveved Portion of the Santiiasn Rzver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Summa rv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 9 �,�nendix Bibiioc�ras�h �ooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - - . _ . . . . . . . 92 " Ree�rts - Periodicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 ?�ewspapers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • - • - - - . . . 94 �aes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 AQencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 'dotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 L�ST OF MAPS ArfD ILLUSTRATIONS HOATS i]rift boats . . . . . . . . e . a e . . e . � e . � . . R1 �'e��y . . . . . . . . . . . a . . . . . o . . < . a . . 75 S�eamer 'City of Sal�nt" m. a.<,. a,.. o.. a e 57 '�°��� ncxl�ing a "Iin�" of l�qs � . e . . . . < < a . . . 73 CITI�S Jeffersan (I878 aiapl � . . � . . . . � . a � � � o . � �9 Lebatian ( 387� map� . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Mehama {187A znan) . . . . o . . . . . . . . . . e . , . 23 sweet Fiame E1878 map) e . . . . e . . . . . . . . . . . 23 HORSE LOGGINt; . . . . . . . e . . . . . . . . . . . . a . . 43 , 48 , 55 LOG DRNING . . . . e e e . e . e . . . . . . . . . . . , e 37, 4Z°-45, 5�„ 54 S6 , fi2 , 73 N�f2TF? �r�'�ITYAM Ft��R �e��it Dam . . . . . . . . . e . . . . . . . � . . . . 8 I.og s�araqe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . e . 48 . 5� ` , Rive� nhotaqrap�s . e . � . . , e . . , e � . . , e . . 13 , 15 , I6 , 3�-36 83, 8� 0�2EGON TE�LRI'T�RY (1852 ma!�) � a , e . . � e . . . o . . , . 24 PEAt7;" GAN�S . e . . . � . . e e . o . . e . a . . . a . . . 37, 45� 5� SAI�ITL�t BASIN (man} . � a . . . . . . . . . e . < . . . . . � SAIV�'I�! R��Et Ca�f�uert�� �i�Y� FTi15�a�et�� Ftiver . . � . < < e . . . . 9 Drainar�� �a�ixY ir�l�ef m��s} . a a. e e<<< e e... 3 I.,�q �3ri�ers . . e e . � e . e . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 54 !�!eartde��d �ortion of (ma�} . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Profi�.e---FZow and grade bv river mile .. e.... o. 31. S3ooe orafile . . . . . � . . � . . . e e . � . . . . . 6 4�7aitinc7 for water e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . . e 5fi SPL.�SH DAM . . . . . . . e . . . . e . e . . . . . . . . . � 50 WILL�EE'^TE AI�1ER Cor►f�.uence wi�h San�iaffi River e . . . . . . . < < e . . � I.�g drive . . . . . . o . � o . , a . . . � , . . e . ° 62 LIST OF MAPS AND ILLLISTRATIONS South Santiam River, Covered Bridqe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Santiam River Qrainage Basa.n, Relief MaQ . . . . . . . . . . . . Santiam RivEr, Slope Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 antiam Bas in , Mao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Santiam River, Detroit dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Confluence - Santiam and Ldillamette Rivers . . . _ . . . e . . . Sar�tiam River, Profile F1ow and Gzade by River Mile ....... Nort3i Santiam, River Photo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Santiam, River Photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Santiam, River Photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Santiam, River Phota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i$78 Niap of Jefferson, Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 78 Map o f Lebanon , Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1878 Map of Swee� Home and Mehama, Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . I852 Mao of Oregon Territory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1892 Photo of North Santiaut River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eariy Photo a� Narth Santiam River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ear�y Photo of North Santiam River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Santiant River, Loq Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i9�2 Loq Drive Photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19I2 Log Driv� Photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19I.2 Loq �rive Phato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fhoto - Peavy Gang . . . . . - • - • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Log Staraqe 5ite Along Santiam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5plash Dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loq 5to�age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loq �rive Crew at Lunch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Horse Loqqinq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �daitinc� for '�ater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logs in the Willamette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5keamer "Citv of Sa�em" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . `Pu�s �ullina a "LinE�' of Logs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ferrv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �zift Boat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Santiam, Ftiver Photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Narth Santiam, River ?�hoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . South Santiam, River Pho�o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aiao Showinq Meandered Portion of Santiam River . . . . . . . . . 1 3 6 7 8 9 il 13 15 16 IS 19 22 23 24 34 35 36 37 4?_ 43 44 45 48 50 Sl 54 55 56 5Z 67 73 75 81 B3 85 �3 � 88 •'� Y t 1 � 1'. , ) � _ �. `! ` . n � __ _____ � ry � At } � q l � w� $ V ��` �� � K . 'y } �� . � �„�� �G r.N �; � y �� � � , - . 1 - '�j[ � � 1 �F . r,�• � r` �!s�ya � ' � � . 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In my search for eyewi,tnesses or actual participar►ts in iog driving, shipping, etic., I found most had passed a`aay within the last 50 years. Generally speaking, their photographs and records had been �.ast, destroyed, or were unaccounted for. written matsriai is available; however, areas of specific interest are nat necessarily covered and are not always concise enough to be considered useful. Newspap�r accotuZts are g�nerally not too producti.ve, as usinq rivers anc3 streams for transpartatzon ira pioneer times was consi.dered normal anc3 evexyday and no� especiaily newsworthy. I am extre�tely grateful to the tnany who helped me by contrzbutinq ohotos, written materiai, an� oral interviews. Special thanks for th� oral intex- views with Archie iCimsey and Leiand Prather, early Santiam River dr�vers, and Charles "5makey" 5tolles, tugboat ca�atain on the 47illamette and Santiam Rivezs. Their in�erviews provided the answers to many questions. 2 x � b i r .� � ��±���� � � �' ^`�---•�--'�'_ -_-,�-�,�^�_�'ti� •��� �� ���, J ' ' � � '''��K° � -v.�_ � _ e i �<.� r�, dC� � \'-` . � ��w � � � � � ��- «r�. - �.� 4 �� �e - !L S - ti � T Y � � , - ' � ' —` I - � ���.. ~ ' `' ��.�����_ �l' A r . � � ' _ �,�� 1�� .i � � � _� I C '�. _ � -� �°y ��t�\ . � ..�., �+I� ' r' - = � ' �� ' i • ```r- a - ' �� �ft! � +. �=� � � - �� �b r�� • � � �� � � s . � r, '�,- c -' r , - c j k . ", . . , � � .. �� � � r 1rt + � ��_ ,'1�fr _ �` � �` p .�.o.. �V �� � �� '� � r - °r1 ^ . S� � }�.-• �' i �Y�w 4� � _ . �4�° y �[ 7�'�4 T�s "�r�ti �� L � '� � r � p` ;~ [`,�,�- � �� � : p � -� �� � "�/••�' � - 1�:4«.• ',�' < r +� � /� � � � 9 '1 � ' ' °� -J . �� ' � � -, �� �� � i �!'� ��{�'�3`� 4 �,�1 i �.� -= f-° . , � -. ��..�' , �i . �,�,�+��" �' �.� ��� � l �.� � � �, �� � � �� r. . �.- � `{3 ��� � �l'� �` �•����� � -y � � e. 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'�' . �Y'..� ! `� ;s , .'r - "� ,�' +.�al �� ��, ,.� < `� .� y 4 '�dl , �, •�' ' � � � � '... � _ E1�' . s,�. 1 � ' � � ,��'f b° p i �� � J ;. _ ,�, ,�, 7" .� , < �. � � a i =`�. �� ��-� � a1 i��"� ��.,, 4 �'�� �t � t Y i, � �,.�-� _� ���' ;.�;�: �' �;���•� �� � t� #�, -� � ah w ' � 'e �'��� ,, --� t���. � t ��� . .rr' � :�+�t > �, 4., ~ V' k�4 " � � yF V r � _��� r � QASiN 5ituated within the Middl� 4lillar,�ette River Basin, the Santiam Su}�basin is made up of �he total drainage area of the Santiam and Cala�ooia Rivers as wel� as tihe remaining Midale [�Iillamette drainage Located on the east side of the river and unstream of the confluence o� tihe �antiam. Totalinq 1,443 sauare miZes, �he 5antiam Subbasin represents approximately 45 �er- cen4 of the �Sic3c31e S�Iillamette Ri,ver B3sin with the Santiam and Cala000ia Ri.vers iks major stream systeins. 5trearl qradients �.�ithin the s�nasi.n are understandab�.y variable. They range �rom �,100 to 290 feet ger mile in the high mountainous araas to about 62 to 40 feet per mi3e in the lower foothills and anywhere from 16 to 3 feet aer m�le in the low valley areas. T:�e climate in the Santiam Subbasin consists of warrt, reasona�ly drj summers and qenerall_y mild, wet winters. Average annual precioita�.ion is �stima�ed to ranae �rorn a naxi�ur.i of 130 inches alonq tne suirc°��1� of the Cascade Range--��nicz i�as an e�.eva�.ion at approximately 10,�(�0 feet at t4t. J'ef�erson--to about 30 inches of precipitatian on *`�e valle� floor-- - with an elevation ❑r I6Q feet at the contluence of tne Santiar:l anC Wil2amet�e �ivers. Because of t7e hiqher preci�itation �allzng as snow, the streams in this subbasin have a longer sustained period ot hiqii Tlow *han in cor.trast to "the str�ams situated wzthin either �he Pudding or Coast Ra:�ae subbasins. � Streamf�ow �atterns of tne 5antiam River systean ref3ec�s the varyinq 4 seasonal precipitat�an aa�terns with t�e low flow� occwrz�q during the �vnths of 3une thrnugh Octobe� and hig� �Iew� prevailing duzing the re� maining c:�onths. 'Phe stsea�zs usua�iy s�art receiding toward mina.�um flaw s�me�i�e Late �n t��e man�1� �� �uT� an� c��itinue ia� thi� �ow f.�ow c�ndi,tion thzauqi� the month o� Sep�ember< Fluctuating water 3evels during bo�h high and law �low periods �ri�l great3y depea�d on the precipitatzon patterns and ground saturatian. �'lood cantrol and wate� storage nee�s are presently handled by three wate� resenrairs and z�la�ed dams lo�a�ed in the Santiam River syst�n. The �reeza Peter �acate� caa� t:�� t�[idd3� Santia�, t}ze �`�ster pzgject �oca��d on the Sontri Sant�am, and De�oit (Hig Cliff Requiato�y) Iocated on the �iort� SantriaAS. T$�e Green Fetez nroject on �he MiddJ.e Santiam wa� ConqressionaT�y auttaorized in 1938. Const.ruc�ion was comAieted in October of I966 with it� principa�. function being to regulate the :unoff from an apgroxirnateiy Z77�square-mile drainaqe ax�a. The resezvazr has a �70,�C?0 acze-fo�t f�ood co�tr�l caga�ity, Fo�ter was aut3zor�z�d by �aragress �n �954 anc� c�n�tz�sction w�s c�npleted in i3ece.�ber o� Z%6 e � w is located on ttxe Souti� 5antia� and its �ribu�ary dr�inage area of 494 scua�ce miles is inc�usiv� of Gxeen Pster and has 30,000 acre-feet of fZnad �antrc�i storage. Detsoit Reservoix and Big Clia� Dam, located on t,'�e No�t�Z Santiasa River, a�� si,tt�ated some 48 miles above the �outh and car�trol t.rakauta� ru���f £rom 438 sq�a�e �les.' 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'a+c ��iR^� �5�� r ' �'�'� �4` i -� . _ k - � ��- . � 4i� i � � �� �� ` �'�a� � f � F "'` ' . � sl _ ' • '�� " .' �rs'*t'...i' i r ° �`' �"� � �. ��'t't` .� , •tY " ��'y� _ J�� "�� r '`'� �wlr� � �s•' s��C t s`,�s M ''�Tae: y _ ._ y - � x � �. fT "' ' , ,� .�r a S � �' � . +, r' 1,. -���. .,- - �r �•� "��'�'��-°`"„' ,r.� ..� �1�! _t,s_, '_'�� ;: � `� f �,,,: . _ i � P$[��. i�a�y'j �� ` �� � � ' . �. �r !' �� � .�� Y� ." �-�' .�lw4 ��•. ' x ;S '' � 'v�+ � y�+ T � ' " ^ � , �4 . > ��� � � im r ' . „ � . � _� i"K`�"�:�� 'r � 1-._�Yr ' { � . .+i .. . �. +. � '�' . . y � v :R�i.ti -�-:�Dw� v . � � _ ._ .�„`'�. �'�{.;r;,. TiiL sArrTZ�rt The Santiain River is an important feeder tributary of the WilZamette R.iver. The confluence of the Santiam with the Willamette is lacated about 23 miles u�stream from Salem, Oregon, at River Mile (RM? 1�$. Surface wa�er yield for tne Santiam is b,736,�t�0 acre-feet per year with average �lows at t�ie mouth of ao�roximately 8,000 cubic feet per second {CFS)6 tow flows at 1,45� CFS, and maximum flows aaproxitnately 50,000 C�'S. Aiver qradients av�rage� 4 1/2 fe�t per mile in the vicinity of the Lorks (RM 1�.6) to arounc� 4 feet per mile at .7effersan, Oreqon (�'yl 9.6 at bridge� , and c�raduating to gen�ler grades i.n the lower reach unti� its confluence with t�ie t3zllamette.� The Santiai:� River between tne mouth and R3 11.6--at t:�e forks--is very similaz in appearance, gradient, and flow to the wil�amette ftiver between t[arrisbur� anc3 �uqene, Oregon. �iver character remains basicly unchanqed in the nain s�em wath a noticeable change ta;cinq place at the �orks. !ierc, the :iort:� and SosSth Santi�s, azth th�i� unsta�le meanderin� featur�= and hiqn�r gxadients, join tne �nore stai3ie main stem witn broad f�ood- alains and c:�annel wicit;ts averaqiny 350 feet. - Tiie Coras of �ngineers presently nold that tne river is navigai�ie iar a distance oE 9 river miles at .7e��erson, Greqan, �h� main �arctiam's only comrnur.i ty . �n �� �— _� _� ,QA...en _— 2 ..a.�..� — � � .a..ni..tiw. _ _ q s i� _ _� �,�.,.. � w,,. i, � a — d � � � � � :�a�.;� � w � � � O � � ac - � � : � � Q s c� ¢� � ; C7 r= � € � z� � Q a �3 0 � LL �� �� a� :� f� ��� �V � _ O i'/'n "11M+� 4 nauanr!� t � � � � � � $ s s —. � \ �� � a� \ � � ��` �� a—, �� �\ � � .� 51�� , �` x _ ^"°° r � i � \ � , � �nvN�t uhsLW' � � � � 4 T Y '� � ` V 4 � ti+R w�w i.n �ic ` � •, ` �t Y ; � \ � �� � i � y= daR \ �` ' i � . ..o-.« ` l \\ I� � `.+ �� Q ., f I �� 4 '�� '�{ J' � = ..�.� � �'.' � ' � � , �� y `, � i a +� ;��� � N '� Cj � _ ,e,.... � � � ��� � .I ::` , � � � ,� V , '� ` � � A ^ I iil ,'�I i � I . �, .;� . � ' � ' + :�� � � I � � - _ .„� - b..�.,, b _.,.� ,...� , �—/' `i • 4,� T� �a�rx sArrrY� The North 5antiam River with its headwaters in Lirui County and originating in the Cascade Range at Mari.on Peak (Mowick and Duffy I.alces ) f lau�s dos�m a winding course for approximately 90 mi�es before joining the South 5antiam River at RM 11.7, forming the Santiam River. The North Santiam drains an approxineateiy 735-square--mile area of the nozthernmost portion of the Santiam S�bbasin.�� Flowing west out of Mawick and Duffy Lakes, the North Santzam makes a sha:rp bend and continues in a northeasterly direction until i� converges with !�larion Creek. ?'rom here it flows northwesterly unti7. it intersects with the Marion/Linn County boundary and traverses westerly through the City ot Idanha, uniting with the Breitenbush River in the ksackwaters of the �etrait Reservoir. From the mauth of the dam, some 10 miles wester�y, i� flows in a manner contsolled at tYie dam in a westerly direction through the cities of Gates and :�ill City and continues an ta its confl,uence with its major tributary, the Iittle North Santiam, just above th� t.owns of Mehama and Lyons. Zt continues on this westerly course until it reaches the city of Stayton-- tl�ze river's largest cor�miunity--here it, flows zrregulariy and in a southerly direction to its confluence with the main Santiarn. Elevations along the Nor�.h Santiam River rnnge fr�m 210 feet mean sea level (MSI,) at the raouth to approximately 10,4f}5 feet MSL at the st�mnit of Mt. 3ef£erson. The strea� gradieat of rhe North Santiam averages abo�t 25 feet per mile near t�eha.ma and Lyons, 4zegon, to about 7 feet per mile near its conf��xence with the Santiam River.�� � � x y . ` � �. }-� �`° A_.� •a'.4 - �- M . ' �'i, :�ti' ,!%� T '" . _ ' . . l. w � ' Y+L " ' 1'7c�t�. ' ♦k =�. . . . ' . '. . - � �,�, ' o.� _ � ? ��. p " � � • . ;� �.. . , e � � �{i �( i � . . .'�� � qi ,�.<� � a � 'i. Z' ..s ,i�t '\„ I ` w ��,��{'� j . - �L �` ""' . '. ; � t t � it _�cY'F f ✓ � . - . . . . r � _r '� s. � "' ., h ''' �`��� 1 y r � J, ' . � r 4 ` . y � �' l ,i _!N "S � S� . 1 � ' . . - . .{� �,r .' 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" � -� -- =.f s 'x • . - Q� . .. . - . i .� f � . �v � ��.' e i I `°i - � ��..'�� 4.�i�� . .. . � -�. j ��� �� { ���,F � � . �r ¢ �� a !� '- ., . . ��_ � ` e �' � � . : � . � '+-.-- '4 W F �� � ��, � � � � � � � � ` _ E..����-�dF�_-� y_�_ ...•y. �_�- �...'? � ;' .' . - � �j - y i "� . � +J. ° i 7 - 'F � p• � f . ,t -.�'�,. � � e� - � � ��i � � � � �- �- t r � � a P� : .. � _ ' :Y � �. �- ;;�� � � �j � ! . � .-i � F � � 4 S . . � . r� i � :1 �� • _ Y {-� 8 y ] '� � -�'! j�.r y �. S� ' , tA - ' '. #T _y�i� - .'y � �_�T3 x�:�� �- r, �}" r .,t '� } � �} ; { } y � .� _ � , � � � � �t i � � � �.'�• ..� ��E� �.2_� ��# _ ':;,."`-,���;��; `: r {'. � ��. .,�� ;� � j. ��: -. ' a; , .r��� f i � - T � � S f � � _ -; i,3A r ,�,��°, - .� ��.i'.-= ; .'�;�,,: 6�� i.:1: �'�:.� �a=�� . 3.' . Y f ` x'�p� �� -X } � �* 1� y � f, ' k'r-.� � S ' ��a ' "� � �7 �'� � ��� `.h. - _ �`: � � ? :;�� +f F y t. � _ ' '�. .� . .. _ ---, :?ei'ti` �� . � ; . �£ e THE SOUTfi SANTIAM The Saut3� Santiam River drains appraximately i sqeiare miles di the cez�tra►� �rtioa� af northwestern ��egon sit�ated within the Santi�uu► sub3�asin. The Sautl� Santiani River joins witn t�e Nortr, San�iam just two mi�e� upstream of the town a� ,Te£ferson. Oregcn. Lilce the Nvrth Santiaia, the South ori� ginates in tlze high Western Cascades--making un the easter3.y boundary a€ t:�e Willamette Basin--and has its headwa�ars at the confluence of Sevenmile anc� Squaw Creeks in the souti�eastern portions of the watershed neas° Jumg Off Je� Mountain.�° Fro�n its :�eadwaters, sit�at�d in the eastern section of Linn County, the Seu�x Santiam flows froni an easti-to-wes� directian meandering dawr� boul.der- �ader� basalti� canyo�s until, i� joins �ts two major trilautaries--tYje i�i�c3�e Santiam and Quax�zv�ll.e Creeks-�and flows gentiy intio th� Foster Ftes�rvoir. Contznuing in this straight and swiFt-�3owin.q manner until it reach�s *_he *_awn of Swe�t Home,� ths rive� e?evatior,s wz.11 �rop fror� abaut 4, bOG� E�et to 514 feet� in a 3�.-mioi� stretc:�, r2su�.ting in an averag� grad�ent a� 1�3 fee� �er mile.� F�o� �he communi�y af 5weet, Home to the mflu�'�, �:�e river c:�a�acter contrasts greatly �ait�i tt�e 25-atzle section above th� �ese^roir� Heza the river meanders thr�ugh braa� alluvial valleys and Low °oothills fallowing a:�orths w�sterly direc�ion, pragz�ssively making i�s way *_o broade� �nd fiatee� �o�ogra�hy west o� Swe�� fiome. :his valley d�versian continues, b�oken o^Iy by a�ew but�es as it descends a gradual F:uc�uating pa�tern af ox�aws, snarg �enc3s, asid old �verflow channeis. 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'` �...a`�. -r"�t .- :r� ' - c�t;"��'� ' �� _�rs�_^:'y,4s.. _ . .:'1.. � - '1' _ � approxa�ateZy 9 feet per mil� at �he ups�ream area near Sweet �ome to abou� 3 feet per mile near its confluence witli �he tiorth Santia�.�� � NS A P � F' ���. t� rR�O ` iY�AR10N �0 ��li ��1� � �878 � �� 3 o r � d !,�- 0 �l .� (�� ���r 3 r !` l ` y,�1 4` � C �. ' � ��' - � r� � f � h 1 �l..sLiZ.r I rcj«,�i � �� , ,� , F ^ L !� Z /1 11 ' 1 i — — 41 I� i « - .. Y � , ! � � t . � ' �, �s ` . � � rv_r r + Z � 7, �OJ+ � ` s. r � i � � � 5 S 1 I � T. e � 1! , . •! UR .yi ' 20 :. � � ♦ i '14 . �rL � N i I . a �� {4 7= f5 'l fj � 1! ���� I _ �b T3 l:; i f Y ' ����;' ,� 1. �� - `- � �t/' � - n I �y L 10 = � W ,^� i0 t � ,s ,a y c y a {9 a i! i „ z� � r r � i 'j�tt +� � ls�AZ � T. � I �r � I r4 r � V• ,,, f �y �. ' � �� ' " " *' � '� ' i }°^ � i�!i �� � � �• + � r ��,.! t }ti ' � 2 r 4 � { u � ; (1 _ : 1 S rwi � C S iG �l �i� y .7 l / i � '��I'' . r f � � � � , ! (� �'�,44'� .. � � anr � ' � u ';� ti ' : ` ' �� — ^ _ h, -� > � t x C [: rS �i 11 �i �'' ` (i 2 �' '. . � ILi 7 +r . �- 7 =,,,� , r = 4 - ; � �. ; „ � � � , „ ,�, ;-�;, :'- � a , s � o � � , �� • i - ' , ' ,— Q .,. . "� .. ., • 1�.� o., ,.. �� k IVi . ��l : r a / �3 �. ' ,.' , � p 'i o ��RRY � , j J � ��� ��-��� ��`� ^-;'_- �, ; , �`�� ! , � �ii �, I,�! -�-� N � i� � 4� � 'I�� ��� +, . a ��,_ �fiq`� 'IC� �i.�s. � .y r � . ��'�, � .� � + �'-`'= �CHANLC 5 S,. } � �� ��%���..�.. _' j 1 �' `I �� �, IY � .� �; � :, ydii � r , i �� ^' 4 r'�'�-•-� � � ` ' �� I .. ` - � � ;; F7�F�R�NC�S Q -: ' I f b'rrlt��7' lt�ursr � ';;�, :.Ali�ruri.u:�' IT/r/1L Lo��r�e- J� �,'j � p�sG Ofj'!ce . �' ri� .i�nr C•�oI•�ta!' o� JJ[�o[i !iI•U1.Z�t�l.v t.� C4 ; r%a �az Fu�t� 5'o�rtlz� «�u�i BraR='Fi: et� L•cr.sG o/ !,I fl�r< < V `.V C�r�i•r� r•�• n/` Scn. /2 7' '1f�.�'72.3 1� ifF ! lirrll r� �•- J-1`cc� ��ur ��. li'. 71r u�rr{c�• i , : Y i (f -'1 � `;� , '� � r� � � �- �� C � r r r`° n � ., , ro � � i �_ — � . i r a' � z 4 ' S ` Y r V r. �� � �: ,ti ra . ,r, � . �s : «- ; W— a . d �`e � T � - - - 7 .� � , J AK£ S T. � r r I � `� � �; �.� �, - � .; � :� `� � — �' T: — E u:" i '- �ti � + � r b � � � _ �"; ' CONSFR S-. V _ v �_ , . ., , , rl ° �,� 7 rt � •? ,�' . - �r • � „ s ; ; - 9 � i #~ ' ' - - --- __-- 5�,�( 50r`J F'� FT TO AN ,lrVC�-i HISTORY Recognizinq that we cari learn about the development of transportation systerns of the early pioneers by studying the gradual transition from undeve�oped land into tawnsites and communities, I feel that it is impor- tant to take a brief Iook at �.he early history of these small conununities and towns so that we might see the beqinnings of what we take for granted today. it is true that the earZy towns along the Santiam lziver never *�ecame large industrial csnters. A 1ot of them have completely disappeared. However, into all nf these toWr►s went an idea that warked toward the develapmenL of arec}ort as we know iC today and many of the 5ma11 towns still remaining played an imnortant role in this develooment. The histary of the Santiam River actua3ly began around i830 just north of Sale.'n in an area known as French Prairie. Frenci� zur crappezs retiring from the Hudsan Bay Company nad started a settlement there. In 184Z, the non-indian popu3a�ion in �he Wi13.amette Va11ey was approximately 137; nowever, mass insniqration aver the Oreqon T�ail raised this number to arouzd 6,OQ0 by 1845. As the population grew, the settlements began to spread out; eventuakly tih2 Santiasn received the attention of the settlers and towns began to spring up all along the river. Towns such as 3efferson--lacated approxima�eZy 9 miles above tite mouth of the Sa.ntiazt and its �wa predecessors: Syracuse and Sa.ntiam City, situated about 2 miles be].ow the present site of 3efferson. 20 „ C`�?tACUSE {sic) This town is �ocated on t�e soutkG s�de �£ the Santzatn in Lznn County. Mi�ton :#ale, E�qo , is c�e prap�iett�r. It is orxe of th� most neautiful townsite� we have seen, occu° pying as it does a plateau o� �eautifu� tabielanc3e �t �s at the head of navigation on the 5aratiam. �,z�y v�ssel tY��� caz� n�viqa�� tk�e �•dillaz�ette caa� as�er�� �a �ha� o�is�t� T�ae�� is a� �a� poi�� a c�a�sieie�aY�3e �a31 ia� th� ���er �ff�r�i.ng a noble wat�r �r��i l�g� e This ��ivileg� �� �e.�r�g a.�tproved by tYa� en��rgxs,sir�g �i�m of Cons�r �£v�r�s b� �e ��cectior� of a sa�r and gris� m.��l. In ad�� �ion to these adv�r�tage� , 5yracuse is in rhe a►i�st af a*s�st, beauti�ul and fe�ti�e d�strict of the countr�. None more s� i.n O�ego�. Sur- r�unded as zt is wit.h such ample agricultura� advantages, it wii3. doubtless enjoy a rapid growt:�, and ere long become one of ouz handsomes� country villages."� ” SAPIZ' Ir'11�4 C I'1'Y "�his once orosperous ii�tle �own has now bec�me a thzng of th� past, anc3 i� anot�er eaeain�le of the �ric�ss��uda� of fort�rae caused b� *lze marct� of i�provement in �.,�� conm s�*�uction of railroads. At td�se p��sent time k:���e is but one residence on the former town site, that of the pro� prietor of the ferry, wnere acc��nodatians f�r �zave3ers are to be found. '�hi� �erry is considera}�1� us�d, owing t� �.Ls beinq th� shor�er route bet�+een Sa��e� aa�d A�bany. I� i� an the Sa�r�iam Rivez, a�out fi��een ��les £ro� Sal �re and sama two �.�es :�om Jeiferson."�s Syracuse was on a claim owned by �t�lton Hale on t.'�e south banlc; anc� San�iam C�ty wa� n� Samuel S. *iille�r's cla=.,� on �e n��th �xxnlc. Syracase :�as foundec� in ].84b, Santiarn City was su�veyed and l�id aut as a townsi�e an Septe�ber 10, 185�, but the piat was not filed until 1857. 9oth Syracuse and 5an�a.am Ci�y enjoyec� succ�ss ai�h growing popu?ation and lflcal �ndustzy. However, afte.r what apoeared �� �e a prom�se a� a goad �ut,x�e, bat:� cities began to succumb ta t�e p�ague of nuz�erous floodsa The flood of Decem�e�, �86I, was the final b1ow� "The Saxitiar.� _ose rapidly fron Sunday motning unti� Monday noon, wh�r� it subsided samewhat; but by 9 a.�a, an Tuesday it had reached 15 inches hiqher than before, ar�� two feet n � u . � u • � ,. w � } � �. � � ���C W �,ti� ... � � ���,u � � ��� � � ,��d� -. � � ��,.,� �—�- � . . . - � . i i f -- .-�eczc�m�� La� � • � . ROAY7WAY, � � 1 LIEMVQ/Y 1 � � � .NRTICAt CCML7'PI[1' i ~_.- � _ � � � � _ . � � ' • � 31•`C� � ,� - � - . U ]'rraxtvn.• - ` - � a w � � ; �` �� R�BaCC(C �:lprLC� ' • ' = 5. !J4 � v / ' I ' � ... 7 B � � �_ i 4 "� � r � _ - B . j. . RvsC sr � � � . .� H �� ,��� � z i_ . � 4 O � ? � { O � N _ ` CC I` � 3 � x ° - i — �U.Z � }_ ,;,. � � a a f e� `� —� Q m � J� , vsNE 7s. � � C� � '� " H 5 r I {� � � 1.� � ti �. ' r 3 � � �� � .� � �- t J a r Q � a , — � I � ! � � 1 �! _ � � RS Fl Y� -r--E v , � �? � p . i . � ` �' _ � � o � � , . � �— � � � � � � • ' L _ ' I . $HERAl�4f11� 37.'� � ` . ' U � ti � ' °� � � x ..� � � 1 ' �� s ! d � c ' FT f � 3 ` 4. s � � �� r r , , � U � �� � � �� � � � a . ; , = J . � � � � � � e 7 y r � $ t 7 ; + � CS I A � � Y ;` � � ' ' f j ' ;'� '�' � • 2 s f ��� j � Y 1 �� p � 2 • ��r � � �� ��. � I � I I� ii� : /�'t7 Lytnrt � 77r 1�'r�Z/�iir� � n e,,�/. Cr. �.�lJ Q.Y:Y : • r. i1 ,�l : �_ � �a � y�. �� 5�� '.t�.n,xL:�..,. �- - _ l�+v, -,. � 3 � �. r'� :�'3L�� E� � �' m , _ �.,.,,�o��c� �"��''��� T lI(�l'I� ' �, t nc�r c o . a _�?'f. G`.���Y.V ����o�r � i�7�. ���t..d } `sr°rr���n� tS'Lri/'[: 5Q0 r° ��� �� .3,r� �HC:r� �r � ,� - � � �� I � _ �'[ � 5 � � i ��w -�,. . _ oc � ����� , �� ' � ° " � �1qRE � � �,' G+ __. ; °°' ,i ���!i S . ���� j ' I, a�.a r a s r. . C;' ,-�� 1 =I _"""{ 1 � i .� �. -`:a �� ! � '�-� �`tirr ` ��._..�;� .',' �,� r : � � � � 4 o F E"E- T :_ f"CRRY 51 '�� � '� `� ro , �,t�' j �^ i \ i _� O RTH FOR SAN ,, -- . Ti,it,f � - - - _ _ - - � "`-_- _ _- - : � i y fP -�- 9 fn = 3 m�, � L111C1nnQ r�ol• R /� , W � � �u ' � Q � � 3 ° drawn f rom � . �� 1852 Oraqon TerrEtory � • ��8�� Ma � � � 5urveyor General�s Office � SAL�M C� \ �� Di�i:ion af Stat� �.ands Jdnuary , I 977 .. Sa^ `�� . 1�. *�� � ?' Santiarn Ctly Syracus _� 4� '� �� �� _ � 0 � :� 0 � �- 24 � • � e I R A i�l Y�� _ higher than ever witnes�ed by residen�� �herso T�e �t�cm�� ar� several mzies wide and a rzse o� a fe� inches gr�a��� increases the voZume o� watet , o "z� �11 n� �h� f�oods an� �igh waters ha�e worked t� sh��� Che river a 5i�tle at a time aaid t�day t'�e �ain chaaxr�el of t.�e rive� flows righ� ove� �}x� former sites of both Syracus� and Sar�tiaM Citye A gravel har in ti�e middle of the river is t.'�e tombstone that serves as a reminder of these twa eaziy sett�.ements.` .7e�ferson, however, had suzvived �he test of tir,te and managed to a;�so�b most r�f the inhabitants of the former Syracuse and San�ian, City. �effe�son, havznc� been settled around 1855, was fi�al�y incorporated in 18fi6. 'r7hen .T�caks Consex fzx's� moved ta �7efferson in 1653, after the flood destr4yec3 �i�s� af Syracuse, }ae tried 7ust about every to draca �eople �o h�s raew �owri� This �ras not exactly easy as �he ather towns were already established and had moz� of �.h� cnnsidered necessities of life at that ��e. c,vea�tua�ly, ani13�� s�rang up and aqriculture beca�ce �rospe�'aus �rid th� towri g�ew. ? 3 "�'he i�zdus�.ry caf 3effersan was af two kinds; warehouses where the g�ain was stored arra�ting shigment and mslls. TYae warei�ouses were erected soon a�ter tne �ai�road was built� Zn 1�78 their capacity was 25,Q00 busheis, and h�d be�n erected at a cost �f 518,�00. One was arivate�v o�aned and the other a grange affair. By 1893 the two y wa�ehouses had h�en en}.arged t� acc�mmodate 75,000 bushe3s ��ckx� Ir� 1�9�, 100 bushel� af wheat were shiao�c� `rom J�€fe�sanr'°� - - ".7�FFEFZSOI�i �� a town of about two hundred and sixty inhahitants, and wnich, far natu�al advantaqes �f locatian, is not e:cce�Zed by any ane of the stnaller towris in this count�r. It is situated at the head of navigation on the Santiam River, and al�hough it has heen questioned rrhether Jefferson could be made a shipping point for grain, by water, that paint has been decided by the fact that several steamboats have visited it, carrying aKay upwards of one hundred tons of �+heat on each occasion. It is a�so a station on the �regon s Cali€arnia Railroad, which crosses the river at this point. "The tawn has very ample co¢�unications by wagon road in every direction. The first setti�ment in the neighbor�►ood was made by Mr. ,Tacob Couser in July, 1851, since which period the increase of population has been slaw and graduai up �.a the present time. "I� is a subject of speculation why Jefferson, with a.ts facilitzes of communication, Lransportation af produce, etc., has not made greater proqress than she displays today; the country in the n�ighborhood is fertile and well settl.ed, with quite a large area of fine agricultural country naturally tributary to it. "As a manufacturing piace, it has excellent advantages of a�undant water power, Which can be utilized to an alm�st unlimited extent. At tl�se present time there is a canal abaut two and a half miles �ong, w�ich brings to the city a quanti�y of water equivalent to say two hundred and fifty horse power, and r�hich, by a moderate autlay, could easily be enlarged so as to double, �r even tzeble, the quantfty of water at present flowing in it; the present canal cost about $4,fl4d in its construction. This enterprise of increasing the water power �ias been initiated, but has be an defezred for �he present. ";tte :nanufac�aries at �resent in 3efEerson ase. A fine flauring mill, owned by Corhett � McClay, of Portland, C. F. Pfluger being the resident agent; �.here are three run of burrs, and it has a capacity of about two lnundred and fifty barrels in twenty-faur hours; there is also machinery for the manufacture of oatmeal. "Saw and �laning mills, owned by A. Smit�, is a fzne miil, uith excellent faci.lities for dainq a�l classes oF work; �« `�� u Ny3;;o� � ��rnl 1 c��r ; Ptr _; and does a suCCess ful business. "Chair factory, Mr. Metzler, proprietor. This estab- lislvnent can turn out from three �o four thousand chairs in the year. There i.s also a fanning mill factory in to�r►, which manufactur�s hand mills for farmers' use; also, cleaners for warehouse purposes. 2b "Jefferson hosiery, ar�med by Dickenson �,�erguerise�, w�xg azected at a cost af $Id,0�0� "3efferson Institute, is a char�ezed schooi, and Eias an eaeee�le�at repuLat�,��: i� has an esidowmen� fu�� o� 56,000, aa�� t�as ussaaily abc�ut ane hundre� and te� pupi�s �n t,he r��:��. 'I�e�e i� a�i�out one h�dr�� �cres o� laa�c� wk�ir.h �S��ta�s to th� �nstitut�. aad or� r+h�ch t�� buil��� stands. "Tha mill warehouses, of which Mr. C. F. �flnqe� is aqent, have a capacxty fer storage o� about twessty-�iv� thousand bushels; they are well and stronqly built, and CgS't 3bOtt� $9,000 each. Thexe is aZso a granger's ware9 house on the riverside, of Which �7ohn Bryas�t is Superi.ntend�t. °Thez� are ak�ut oxse hundred and fa.fty tizousand bushels of whea� annu�lly shipoe� fro� tktis p�aceo T}z� pr�san� pognlation of Jeff�rson is a�a�z� ts� hundxed."� when Conser first established Jefferson (then known as Canser's Ferry), t�ie or�ly road was a tiragcn trail between 5yracuse aaid Jef�ersaz�. The year 18�4 marked the first surveyed road With athers later connecting .7ef�erson Wits� Syracus� and Bro�vmsville, the willamette River in 1859, on� northea.st zn Z860, another with the Sale�5uh3.imity road fn 1854, and one that connected wit� �he Salem-��aena Vista road in 1�7�< In 186� Ci�ree companies : The Oregon and California Rati�road Company o f Saleta, �he dregon Central Rai�road Cam}�any of Sale�, and the Ozegon and Caiiforni� Land Campany gurc�rased the zights°of-�+ay Eroia the local peaple�� and or� N�ve�b�r 27. 1870, the first txain� steazned irito Jeffersan. 'i"� roa�d�, schools, ferr�, and mi3.�s we�e said to have been the reasan ,7af���scsrs gx�ew, wha�tev�r the reason far its qroxth, new trnr�spor�ation systesn� eliminatEd th� need �or the city's wa�ehotlses resulting ir� t.�ie reroutinq of the main transportatian stops to other areas. A ta.mely proqression of events from the stagecoach to the riverboat, the riverboat to the railroad, and the railroad to the automobiie and truck iines Ieft Jef£erson standing in the background as pragzess moved on. SWEE"� HOME Sweet Home's beginning came wzth the establishaeent of its post office in 1874 and faliowed by the incorporation of the city in 1893. Situated in the foat3�ill,s of the Cascade Mountains along the south bank af the 5outh Santiam F2iver at approximate�y RM 45 {just 5 miles beloW the Faster Reservoir}, Sweet Hnme dnas managed to survive a series of adaptive stages of new immigrants as we�l as new modes of subsistence. its nafae has also taken on several changes. Evalving originally fram "Pilgrirn Camp" to "Mossville" to "Sugartown" and finally "Ssaeet Home."� In the early days before its sett�e�sent, Sweet Home was used as a base ca�p far bands of Indians that collec�.ed to trade or hunt. Later {�.850s}, settlers included immzqrants from Missouri escaning re2igious discrisninatian. Culture during this period af time was cen�ered around small agriculture and i�usiness. Agricultuz�e being the primary rnode soon gave way to logging and its practices that resuited far many years in the exploitation oF the forests ny brawn and individual efforts of robust laggers. This misuse of rhe forests con�inued until arovnd the i92fls when the new, modern methads of logqing and milZzng took over. creating an industry that today, combined with the attzaction of the reservoirs, pravides an economic as weZl as a 28 �ec���iongl potential that s�imulates and saaae+st�t guar�n��e� cora�inu�l c��c9r+th fv� Chi.s cc�amunity. „� ��' n "SWeet Ham� Pxecin�� is sit��e� 2��twee� Srus� �x�elc Precinct an� �l�terlov. T2,e region arourid is of � m�un�airious charact��, in general, uith a nvmber of charsiing lit�3� vaileys nestled her� and there, There are numerous uplands that a�r� q�od �arsninq las�ds . "'Phe Vfllage 4f SWeet Home is of unpretending disnensions. It is situat� in the valley bf �he same na�, which is of arb oval shage, about two miles long by one and a ha�.f vid� and of nate:3 fer�.i�ity. "'I7�i� vicinity �c�asds in the m�st ci�a�mixtg lar�dscapes 9 no� th� least o� rai�i�k� a�s t�xat csf t.txe �1.tt1� �1I�� it�el�, in its attire cs� ��r8�. cuTtiv��.io�, n�s��,ed cosxly ixx the mid,st of frowning timber-c�ad hills, With a fine back�ound of ruqged mouritaiai rasige and snow-clad sua�i�, furnished by the Ca�cade Range �n the dist.an��. "�3�though the vil.lag� is of sm��l �imesasiaaa�, there is consi�era2a�e b�ssiriess dane, ma�t �f whi�h is s+ith A�an�. T�e W�llamette Valley and Ca�cade Mountain Road p�s� tY�ougi� here, t.he talZgate of which is at the eas� end of �.he vailey. fih� locality rras originaTly settled by some !�lor�on�, who built a church, and fo� same t.i�e thr�ve. but int��n�� dz�sera�ioz�, ��qe�er with the i.ryflw� af a Genti�e ��arxlat�ort i�a tki� a�e�giibor�caad, caused m�s�� of t�e� to leav� P r,cid �e r�iras�c� ones hav� ala��t �os� t.�eir rei�gioua identi�� in the consmunity �' STAX�PI Staytasx cau�d be classified historically as an i.m�o�tant service city ta the sich z�c�icu�,tura� area of th� iower North San�ia� r't.`�ver vai�ey asad ��a� logging and timber pracassinq concerns af t'�� ��a�ae� cany��i� £,c�ca�ed soa�� 18 mi$es southeast o� Sa�em and situated on �h� Aiarion Coun�y �aaa3� �� �he Nort4s Santiam River a� appraximateiy RiY! 29, Stayton is 31 mg�es d�wns�reazr from Detroit Da� arid Reservoir and about ZO �il.es east �� tlz� c�nfluen�� of the Santiam wit� the willamette River.� The towri's founder, Drury S. Stayton, established a flour mill and sar�►mill around 1870 along Miil Cree3c. He first nazned the settlement Fiorence, £or his dauqhter; ttow�ver, the townsite of six blocks was platted i.n 1872 and, i.n hzs honor, the communi�y's name was changed to Stayton. By 1875 approximately 20 families had located in Stayton; by tihe time the co�unity was incozparated in 1891, the papulation had qrown to over 3Q0. Besides the flourmi2l and sawmil,i, the indezstzies now included a wool carding mill, a chair �actazy, a furniture piant, and a door and sash factory.34 ° Today Staytan continues to be an attractave community with good schoo].s, churches, shops, and diversified industrial opesations, as well as the all important �laseness of attiractive reczeational activities. A�1 of these factars serve to maintain Stayton's c�ntinual growth--r+hich. although it coul�' not be described as a boom condition, is steady. "S�'AYTON" "This flourishing town was laid ou� in L872, although a store had been started in 1871 by Mr. w. H. Hobson, so that it is cause £or prid� on the par� of its citizens thati, notwith- Gtanr3ir1Q its rer_Pnt origin it has so early pushed iLself into the faremost z'ank af manufacturing and business towns in the County of Marion. "The sawmili erected by Mr. D. S. Stayton in �870 is a very fine one, and cost the sum of S12,OOfl; iLs capacity is ten thousand feet af lumber oer day; this mill was, as it were, the nucleus araund which clustered other ma.nufacturing interests. 30 "'rt�e cana� r+hic� su}��ali�� M�11 Creek its D�i..ncipal volume �f water beqins at thi� pl�ce on tiYe Santiau► itiver; it �i]cewi�e �upplies ot�xer �i�ct�e�, which ttie farsners in the vicis�i�y use f�r irriga�.i�n and st�ck pexx`poseso Of aT�. tkie numexous fine locatioaxs for manu�actuxing �urpases iai w�i�i� Ma��on �c��a�ty �a�nd�. fewr offer su� abundant ��ci1.�t�,e� as S���t�ra� e�i� wa�er sup��y is ala�os� ��,���e�e '�he�� i,� a� �xcexlen� flvu�ri�ig mill in o�e�°��ior�. wg� t.k��� r�xn af burrs; a ct�aa.� £actaxy. I,�igk� & Ca., pr�pri�t��s, a furnitur� �a����y, awned by t�i� �,� . F� . Tho�s ; a�s� , a sash and door factory , bY �1,�r7c &�ompar�y. �t� is w��l sup�lied Wit� ci�urche� . �c�ic�ls, hatel�, et�_ , wi�x se.reral er�terprising busi- n��s houses. TI�e Ioca��on af t�is act�ve littie towri is qu�te pleasant, be�g c�sily planted a� the �a�e of t�s fa�t.hill� af �.t�� Cascade �iouaitains, ors �se bank �f t.kg� n��rth �vr3c a� t3ie �aritis� Rfver, and is about niza� m�,les �a �� northeas� af Marion Sta�ioz�e �kae nopulatioxa is a��u� ttixee �undred. Among t�ie first ��t�.i�x� we�e M�ss��. �� Sa Staytnr�, Ge We C�ic� .� ��i o Ttt�az�� .� � �7e Trson�� P�t< H� Hobsan . W< Wti��e}r. ��a Se Da �e�a�ley, .�o P. Qu��ner." L�BAPION �.ebanon, �oca�es3 aTonc} tize Sout3z Santiam River at R�f 30, uas founde� in 1847, 12 yEars Y�efoxe Qregan ga�ned statehood. The axea naw called Lebanon wa� c�n.c� referx8c� �� on ea�ly ��s as "Pet�r��n Gap� " Ia�s fact, the hill j��� a fe�r mil�s southwest of tYa� towx€ i� sti�� ca3led "Pet,erson's Bc�tte" and was part o£ th�t oriqinal claim. .7erem.ial� Ralstan, the towr� founder, platted tl�� tow� anci gav� z� tn� p�e�sent rxame. I� is said he na�ed tti� ��wn I.ebano� beca�ase of h�s t�ometorm o� I�eflari�� , Tessnessee, and because t3aere were sa many cedar �ees by tk�� �iv��° t3�at i�t made hi.m r�a�}e of �� Sib�i�al �efe�ence ta t�� ceda�s of I�ebanon a 38 Lebanan's industrial beginning was said to have come .:�out in the 1890s with the building of the first paper mill. Originally, because of the plentiful fields of grass, cattle were the nsain commodity. In fact, Lebanon was known for a while as a cattile town. Even�ually, both flour and lumber mills were built, but because of transportation problems, they were forc�d to remain small. The building of the Lebanon canals zn t�e '80s sparked industrial growth. Before the railzoad extended into Lebanon, grain and other exports were shipped to Albany on these canals. The canals also served to supply power to operate the mills built along the way. ��LEBANON "Lebannon district was original�y calied Kees' Precinct; it is on the east of Albany Precinct. Among its first settlers we note �lr. J. I�alston, Margan Kees, 3acob Kees, Wsn. Ra2ston, Luther Elkins, John Bland, Asa Petezson, Willia� Gore. The � first elections were held in the 1848, at the house of Mr. �forgan iceas, which stood on the present village site of Lebanon. in this year the precinct palled about thirty- eight votes. its judges were Mr. Morgan Kees, .T. Ralston, and Wi��iam Gore; the clerks were Elinor Galaher and Asa "ri. Petezson. "At this neriod in the early history of th e county, the peop�e generally were engaged in stock raising, tha�. beinq at the time the most lucrative business availa.ble, as the price of cattle was high, and thare was abundan�e af the � finest pasturage everywhere. In 1851, the name of the precinet was changed to Lebanon, and it was abou� this time that the Villaqe of Lebanon was co�enced. It stands on the land formerly awned by Jeremiah Ra,lstan, wha had the town plat s�rveyed and recorded. •i•he zirs� sL�r� was started by Messrs. J. and William Ralston, in 1a53 Mr. Leland built a store. "ihe vi�lage has a very pleasant locati.an at the junction of tne AJ.bany prairze and the timbered lands bardering the south fork af the Santiam River. The suzrousiding country is very fertile and well sett�ed up. The Albany and Sasitiam Canal commences a short distance from town, 32 whicka faxrnz�hea a c�edp mod� af trasispor�ti�s� in Y���s �ra Albaxay . "'I73� Santia� Acade�y, wk�ic� is und� th�� au�tpics� �� tka� M�tk��dist Epi�copal� Ch�sr�h, is oa�� o� �e prisfcipa� in��i� t�xtioa�� ir� �� couri�y. �t wra� f��ded � 1�54 P P�fe�s�r I�a W�w�d ta�iabq i�� fir�� pg��ipasi: �� ge�at�� at �a�e��� offi��ag�aa� iz� �a� �apaci� z� Fr�f�ssa� Lo �7. �i��rt. 'P'��s is agi ex��l��r�� irxsti�ut.ia�, ari� worthy af 1i19era�. pat.ronagee "T'tiere is a gacad flourinq mill. � o�daaed by Mess�rs ..Tonat.k�� Wassam. John Li�Li�. Ric�ia�rd Chea�Ie, and Jam�s L. Coreere; it has three ruxi of stone r+ith a ca�sacity o� 160 bar�els of £loux per day. Th�e is alsa an exc�ller�t sa►st� �nd �la�z�inq mi11 o�med b1r t�. S_ A. Nickerson; bca�h of these wozles are run by vrater power. 'Ph�re ar� thre� txa�els ia� �� towr�, anc� tau��xess hou��� of �l� lrizids. It c� also k�oa�� af � fin� h�3,3.� rr���h was rec�t�y bu�lt� by' th� L��oa� C���ra�� �ar�de '��s t� b� �'a�aually vis���d by ra���s o� ge��l� c� r�u�e t� �.Y�� ���� ra����s af Soda 5p��g� o �"isi� L�l�ce , arid vaz i�v�s �ixi�s ic� tk�e ad j acez�t �ur�taa.�s. 'I'Y�er� is� a dail� stage lin� frv� I�1}aarsy. 'i'�Ze Fre� Mason , O�d Fe��oi+s , and Grangers have lodges ir� the town. Tt�ere a�� alsa sev�ral churches arjd a �azi�som� cemeter7r . 'I�� io�al trad� i� estima.ted to �e�ci� SI���000. I�s �reserit papulatinn i� a�out fou� hundred." l � � - . � t �� a � �� � � k' "f; , � .�a� �,. 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L / " � S � i , �� �'�� '4L � `'i . � # ~•�• L {� " � ..• .�� �� '*_�: _ �%.. �'� .�,i < 1 \ S _ _ 7 _ 1 � :y• • _�.' O� � r . ` _ '� � , -y -rii .-jJ �'� � � . ' - :i Y ' .� �� . ��: ��7+� - '�±' , � = L ` rr. ` ' +��.. � �,s+��.� � y, � • y . � �... _ -�� '���',-°'� � � �, � 'y' � ��r ~ .. *r� � i • 3• � :r-: � � � � .•yr' Y „Rf. . y � � ! , ++' ' �; ,� •��'��� ;ti„' � �+fit ti.. : . =y��� � :',� L � , _ , �!..�"�� , r � � .:�:• � i ` � '..'�'_�:"-}- � , , . . . . � . �� �-5�,,��a� �� � '.�...,.+,��}��. �,.� s y �-Y'��k�';k` f L. s a ! `rwL �._ ��� f � •i,+.`• •�� �i e ,�.. � - . s � -� � ' * � � . • .r �a- +� �"� s s _„o'! �i" . �� �;� +� _.. r � �� �� j - � � ,. , � r� ���� e r i � }� � �� � t :� ��, �. �� •� �� i �� ��� Y �� �� 4 � ��,) ` �/ �. ' ° t '7� ; �� i � I '* •�� S . Y `° ' ` f � � : 3 �" �'; t , Cy �.:F� � t r ! ' i! � �� w " . � � - �'`. ��t5� ,� � �'��` � �f. _' � . ,L £ � I � �� � � °,; � ��, �� �„ F U r ' � `s� �c3 r+# � �� � � � �� .<�► � o� • � a ''; �s `�. � � � �_ ;� i� T �i � " . � , �/r� ` y #i �� �1. _ ' : y '��-'� � i i��:' .i r �� � _ � '� f ' � i ..- _ ' r f�� : � �� � �� �'�...,. � � , �• IAG DRIVES "NEWBERG, OREGON - Z'tie Chas. K. Spaulding I.ogging Company recently c3isposed of pracLically a half interest in their co�npany and are �areparinq to extend the sphere of their operations. Tt�e company has made a proposition to the citizeas of Newberg to erect a sawmill of 100,000 feet daily capacity if the city will build a track to their millsite on the willamette £rom the Southern Paci€ic track at New�erg, a distance of a littte over a �aile. 'Pt�e citizens are working with entusiasm on the propo- sition. T'he company has its dri.ve WeII. underway and it is expected to reach Newberg by abaut September 24. The drive cansists af some 9,000,000 feet o� cattonwood, rahite, and yel�ow fir. The drive is sorted at Newberg and the cottonwood and white fir are ra�ted and farwarded to the paoer mzlls at Qregon City. The logs are cut along t2se Willamette and Santiam Rivers and some are driving over a hundred miles. Last year, logs were driven, zn some cases, a distance of 200 miles." Today, log trucks and railroad cars carry to waitiing mills harvested logs from the forests of t�e Santiam 5ubbasin. Eighty years or mare ago, the waters of the 5antiam Valiey were the princi�al, if not the only, a�eans af transgorti.ng �ags to the sawmills. The use of the Santiam River for the transportation of Zogs most likely dates back to the time white settlers first staked out Donation Land Claims along the river iancts. During *�his period of time, �.og drives were generally small ones carried out 1oy the local landowner to supply cmall m;t�c r�nvnrivPr. nr fnr their own use, as suitable timber wds not a].ways available at huilding sites. Eventually, tne timber in th e Santiam area became attractive to larger logging concerns. Between the early 19R4s ta around 1916, log drives on the Santiam were an annual tradition. Roads durinq this era were few 3$ an� unimproved. Mere dnst� �rail� ia t_ta� s�r, e�°ly r�ada quick�y became quagmires during the rainy seasons, creatinq t�°anspartation pro��� that resulted in tihe North anct South S�n�.ia� Rivers be�ing the anly act convepance availa�le f�r tra�n�porting loqs. The timbe� resources r+ere first lagged off along the main 5antia� Riov��a 'Fhis harvest only required short hauls t� the rive� banks using oxen and horse teamse As timber alang the ziver became e�austed and as dawnstxeam a�lls dem�anc3ed m�ore logs, sophisticated methods o£ gettinq logs t� trie �ain river had to be dav�loped. Horse aa�d oxen lagging s�on gave way to tl�e steam donkeys azad the higl�-�.ead aperation�. T.ogginq mcved up �i� smail � tri�utazies of the Santians, requizing the use of wing dams or splash dams to gro�id� eri�ugh flow to f3aat the 1a�ge iogs downstream and inta the main Sa�itiame I..og� ha�vested from the foatflil3s of the San�iam Subbasi.n �ere driven to ti�� t�illaaet�e River and t3ien to prccessing mi11s locateci ir� the Newberg, Saiem, aad Oregan City vicinity. Log drives alang �e Santiam becau�e a c��on sigY�t. Each sp�ing, ar�und �*�e m�onth oF :�Lay, whe� the runoff frosa the foothills pmvided enougn wate�, log� th�� had be� harvested all �+inter and stored a� selected si�es along th� riv�� were pushed iritn the Santiam in preparation fo� the start of the drive. �irs. �lisabetl� Hughe�, who was bom an� has lived a��. ��r iii� ir� Me�°i�a, [�reg�r�, gave this accaunt: "As a young giz2, I have, on several occasions, watched the Santiam R.iver log drives pass throuqh Mehama on their way downstream_ The lag drives t00}C place every spring until around 1916. "It was my understanding the log dzives began i.n the vicinity af t�ill City, Oregan. The logs would be stored at seiected log dvmp sites along the Santiam River and Zater rolled into the river (Santiam) in the spring when the water was high. They used horse teams and men to keep the loqs moving downstream." Logs floating down the river woul.d occasianaily hang up on the riffles (bar out) resulting in a�oq jam, i,og dzivers (or "river �igs" as they W�ze called) and horse teams were used to pry loose the "key log" in order to free the jam. OccasionaZiy, it was evea necessary to use "�owder" to � shoot a jam loase that cou�d not be broken by the peavy ganq or horse teams, Log driving an the 5antiam as we3�1 as other rivers zn Oregon was an extremely dangerous and exactinq pracess requiring teamwork at all Limes from well- trained ^crse tea:�s, t.;eir tea€nst�rs, and the d�iver crews. An �xampl.e oL t.�e danger involved with log driving can best be shown with �his quotation from a c�urt case in Marion County, dated 5eptEml�er 21, 1906; E�ene Allen v. C. K. S auldin I,a in Com an : ". .. T`hat on said 12th day of May, 1906, this p�aintiff �h++° �� �::yuy�u ivi uciciauaiil ii1 V�18 �7CLLU�SRdI2CB O£ I715 duties as such "river driver," for the defendant, was re- quested 3ay the defendant to go upon, and work upon, ... a jam of saw logs, at the head o� and iaunedi.ately above cerLain dangeraus rapids in the said North Santiam River, at a�oint abaut one mile above said town of Lyons, at whic:� time and place plaintiff, in company with ten or more other "river drivers" was diracted by said defendant to ?oosen and remove said iog jam of about ZDO sa�+ logs whicn were jammed arzd fastened upon a rock, in said �n 33orth Santiam River e.. r�rh�ax t�is plaintiff, with the assistance of others, as aforesaid, had loasarsed saf�. jam of saw logs and the same floated and began ta pass �ickl� doum the river, thzs plain�iff then far the first ti�� d�sc�vez�d t3�t there was no meaias o� escape o��� tl�an riding �x�on sai� sa�+ lQgs as tisey �ifte� dowrrz ti�e r�ve� aYSd aver sai� ragids, or iz� sw?r�i�g � said river among s�id f�oa�ing saw le�s t� a p�a�� o� s���t}r; �tia� i�s ��teatpting to rescu� himself frv� said perzl�u� p�si�ion t�xis pla�ntiff w�,s thxawn fxom t.�ie logs irato the turb�ent uraters arid was for��d t� swim aa�ng said flaatinq logs tr another janB af logs, a dis�aaice of about ia rods further down the river, �+he�e ttais plain�iff lodqed and secure� a hold cipon said second jam a� 3.ogs, and was about to pull himse�f up out of the Water wlzen a log fm�a sxid first ja.m of saw Lags which had been £loating dowss t�e river hehin� hiu�, vvertook hi.� and struck endwise. a gl.ancing �lov�, aqaixxs� the �vdy and 3eqs af �his plai.nt��f in such a way a� �o cx�s� this �l�.ir�t�ff `s right leg �ad pe�nsasien�ly �ptcsr� �a� �u�cles t,kser�o� an� scr t�a� aWay tkse flesh aezd mtts��es a� l�is �aid leg from t�se k�ones tt�ereo� �s t� make �t i�¢possib�� ti�at the same shou�d eve� agaia� hea� or grow in piace and so injurz.ng and permanentl}r daataginq piai.ritiff's said leg, "� 'I't�a� reum�er of inen and harse teams use� on a drive wauZd depend on the siz� of the d�ive as we11 as the size an� character of t3ze ziver. Drivinq crews usually consis�ed of the rollez° ar peavy gang, th� tea�sters and their hor�e teams, doggers, and trippers. 'I'3ze pe�vy Q� raller gan� Lrouid use a tao� ca�].ed a peavy {�ong-hand3ed tool �+it� a sha�p spike and a l�ook located jus� above t.he spiscey to zoll the log �oward deeper w�ter. 'Teaug� sters and horse teams {harses Were orov�.ded with snecial shoes r+ith callc� ta preven� them fram siipQing on ti�e rocks) rrere used to pull logs, �a� co�ld not be handled by the ra�.ler crew, aff the qravel bars an� si�all��r areas an� inta the river. Doggers and tri�ne�s wo�ke� clr��ely wit;a t�e �earastexs. 'i`he dagger w�ould �r�ve iron "�ogs" {�pecial-�sr�ad� saike) is�tc� a(barred) loq. The "dogs" were at�ache� ta � cnain hi�ched t� �� h�z�� �.eams. 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N ` . �)'. y�� ''� •� � ��I �� � �r..�s�f � -..i' �'t�' ' • .i` �,r _. •p,�, ���.+ ►'� •` i. �� E • • � �� � '. +i' /� ' t."� . � . .�• J � � , - ,�i: �, • , , ' .,,'�•� ` s` . a � ! i * 4 � �•' f � #,r � ..�..�,. : � C' r�r,�s L �� �~�. •.�-, �, ,,,,,' �f ,�t � ; ..,� - °s i � �'ti • ' �. . � � � : ' a s � • 4 � �\ ,,,�r .._ �� !qtsr!' . » .. ;-4. M05EFt; WHEN YOiT WEREN' T ON THE RNER �RIVES , YOU `rlERE WOAKING IN THE WOODS? iCIMS�Y: IVO, I WORKED IN TiiE WOQDS W�iEN I WASN'T DRIVIPdG. .�505£R: Y4U' D FtATHER DRIVE? KIMSEY: QH, PZO, BUT ZT WAS A DAt�4+F SIGFfT MORE MONEY. I DIDN' T G� FOR THE JOBS, I FTENT FOR TfiE i�lONE X . :'rom interJiew af Archie Kimsey, September 16, 1976 HART�E�tT: EiQW MA:dY PEOPLE DFbOV� LC�S ON TH�, SANTIAM? KIMSEX : WELL, I DOt1' T 1CPIOW. SaME OF US WOULD STAY ALL TI3E TZME, 8UT OTHERS WOULD COME ADID GO. 501� OF THEM WO[3LA HEAR OF BiG M4NEY, AND Tfi�X'D COME A2iD CA TO 4�1�ORIC, AND TH£X'fl PU'I' ON A PAIR QF pVEFtALLS AND A PAIFt OF SFi0E5. THEY DIDN'T LAST LAST V£RX LANG. TI�Y FIGtFRED THEY WERE GONNA BE WET ANYWI�Y. YOi7 liA]� �'0 tiAVE CLOTIi�S (7N B£CAUSE THAT WI1�T'�:R WQUI.I3 HiT YQU AtID FRE�:ZE YOEI T4 DEATH � YOUFt SHOES WOULf} GET FULL �F WA�ER, YQi1'B GET WARM ZNSIDE AiYD XQU DIDN'T MINf7 IT SO BAD o ti:A1��RT: dID XOU �1AK" A PRETTY G7C3I} L,IVZ.7G �RIVING LOGS? KIP+SSEY: OH, YES. HARBERT: IT 41AS ?,idE2TH IT°, i�iJH? :CI.�fSEY : �IO ` I�` WASN' T'r�lOf2'rH E'T. I WOUL,�7N "i` SE :iElt� (PFIJRSIDIG �iOI�i� 1 IF � Fi�][3 `T �� DFt9V� �00 DAt�II�1 ��SAPI`� LOGS . GQ`I` A�iTIi�I'T'I� SC3 �1� � CAN' T. a.'�LL , T GOT S�ME GOOD M�NEX e I G�° S�6 A DAY. T`aken zrom interview of Archie Kzmsey, :�eptembe� 16, 1976 � � ; :�. �". �: ��� . � -�. ` ,.� , � , '+� .'.►.,..� �., :.��.�i�=w �. ,� `�; �' �` , �b � ' ' �7�► 1- . + ig'`y..� .r-�'� < .����r . � ���" x ��. ..�,,,v,.�„y� '� � � �. .. s ,- '�_; � � _ � � s s �rt : i ��� ��. 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M . � � ��' b���� � � � M1, '�'� � de � ,�,� . u i" �a ±� � `�� �f.� ; � �� , w':� t I ' � � �m��' �1 ��� y �'��. � � �" �' �w� ti ����f" �, ; ry�,�� � � � � �-�. �, i' ' � �n���� I a�M� � h r� � �, q �.,�"� rv A � I� Me 1 � .�,�� �„N," (U � � • � � � �' � 'w „ �l1 �' � �4 � � �.:r� �� p�y �'� V � �,� � , 1 i � �� � . �' � � y � 5,� . ,. ,�i� � � � �{�� � � � � 5 � 1 4 rf �rc k � q�t � � �e'�'�.�1���� � � �i � �^�!�dV�"'•,, ' � � �. , t _ . .. _ __ � �� loosE after the �oq was pvlled into deeper water or into th� m3!R current. Note: 'Phis was a very impartant aracess. If the tripner did not trip the "dog" at the right time, the �og could drag �.he horse team into the deeper water where tihey might drown. "�iarses Drowned" "At ane time a team af horses (belongir�g to Floyd Martinl was drowr�ed near the present Mehama bridge, wlzile loosening a loq jam. '�kte loqs were lodged aa the riffle above the bridqe and the trip�er did not get the �.eam free in time. T3�e kogs flaated out into desp watier and pul�ed the team down, drowninq them. �� � on mosti river drzves, in addition to the �oq drive crew, you wouid also have a support crew consisting of the camp coak and the camp "louse" (flunky). These men were res�onsit��s for providing food anci supplies for �oth the crew and �orses as well as taking care of the averall needs of a river drive. Annual log drives along the Hvrth Santiam began zn May {spring drive} and around October {depending on rain} for the fail drive. The drives usua�ly bEgan above Mill City in the vicinity af Gates_ Archie Kimsey, an early- day log driver, who has worked drives on the Santiam, McKenzie, Willamette, Luckiamute, and rivers in Canada recalls: ". .. Most of the drives (�n the 3�orth Santiam} came out af Gates and Kings Prairie and up in there. O£ course, they picked them up all the way down. When they would start a drive up there, they'd pic3c up ].oqs be�ow Stayton even. $y G� �he �i.ate yau c�a� to C�e en� of a driv� yau wou�d ha�r� a�ou� six million feet. Lags wer� fozt}r �'ooters, �eal lags� no� Iike they f�11 today." The ��l�owisig excerpts taken £r�r� th� Uregon `�imberneac3 wiil pr�v�d� saa�� �nsight as ta the valume of Ioqs dri�ven down �� main s�.e� o� th� Nortt� Sax�tiam Rivez: "A. S. 8aty of Gates I.ost a Larqe quantity o£ ties hy the recea�t treshet in the Santiain River. '1'!�e ties Were for the Corvallis s Eastern Railrcad. The loss is �stimat�d at 55,0��, "'I'h� Chaz��e� IC� Spau�d�ng Loqga.nq Com�aariy of Newberg. Or�qan f h�� 1Q,000,000 fe�t oE �aaT� asid wh�t� fir loqs �r� �kxeir dzi�r� for the 0regon City �aper mi�.Xs. The logs ar� cut in the Luckiamute and Sartti�m distric�s and driven d�wn the Wi,llamette tca dregon City. The logqing crew consists of five teams and a�out 3C1 men." "LLTI'f�E�t ACTZVTTY IN ELKHORN FJISTRIC'�" "`�ere is qaing to be muct� doing in our section.' said Pos�mas�er Pape of Elkharn y�sterday. A Frenr,i� comgany of �iic�igan has Laken a trial cont�act ta deliver 10,�00 �ies �� b� c�t alonq �he L�ttle Nor�h Saaxtiam. If they car� be ��,oated succes�fully �.ca �1�st �t�yton ar�d �u� in reac�iness f�r sY�ippiz�g, � big corx�r��� �� �, 6 5�� ,C�oO ti�� wrz�� �e far�hcominge In ca�e r�e latte� ��nt�ac�. is made, it, w���, �� tta� ].a,rgest ir� th� his�.�x•y �f t.kia�. section of the counLry. Natura�l,y s�ch a contract meaags much to au�r section and wi31 qzve employment to mang workers." "The Charles K. Spau�ding Loqging Company of Saiem nas about 5 million feet of logs on the wa,y from tt�e S�ntzam. Thzs �o�npany has abaut �2 millian feet to com� out o£ rh� Luckiainute."� I,ag d:ives on tne North Sant�a� k2iver 2s�v�� be�� �aki�g �1ace szr�ce t.�se �ate i800s. 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Y � t , +M R' � t.� � a� '� � `� tl , . �" a � •�� � �, � "�+� �� ' , � ° °� a, �� �� ,., ��, .m�.. � �: ;�f .� � � � :� � �, , � �. � � t � �,� ,� ��� . � � : . ,. .fi .�� y� � # � i �� w. ,�� . � y � �._s . ����� }���' �� � �ar� s � .`� r �. x T� • �'"' '� � .°h'�� :� � - �w �.� ,�. �[' .. Ty �y� ... �'� � �� � 4 °�. �� ♦ ,./ � ' � � '� . ��`�' � � �"� ' ° . � ������� " y ' w �� �� �'��.�{ _ � . �C � { �� Y ! � " . '*� �: � " p� � �, . *-� * +r� „ �,�y , 1:�, _ .�► . y +.'t+,�f'r � �� � � ! r: e�" t, �,"� i .. •, �� ' ` �� �� � s � � A � �� � . � � ,� � f. k ?� ,Er. W/ . ��r ;� � � ., A r � e '�` � � � � p � ,� � �,�F � , '� ; . ,�, � � � � . �, , . i �►'' .�. �. . �, ,�1 ; �" ` �" � � � >� = � �' I Yr 1 � �' a 4 �I k i 1 i� � � � � � ���� � d � � � ,� w . � F�� , �'��'.'�.-... �� '° .., the biq log d�cives s�arted cvming ou� o� here in 1.9o4 . I reiaem�er tilat ' cause I wer�t tio the world' s Fair in 1905 and I*�ras on a drive before I went dorrn there. They cora- tinued on those big d�rives un��� arourl� 19I2 e I was on tha� first biq drive and I was on the last o�e ta came out af tfxazee �'hc firs� driv� was up a� �h� Pat�er place u� a.bave Lyons �h�re� ]us� ai�ov� I�yon�. Aft�� tl b�g dxives was ovct, sma�l �rives cantiisu�d ta �ome out of t3se�� fo� m�xy yea�se Oh, the smal� drives th�� come dowrr there wa� jus� a few heu�dred thousand. Hell., I and a guy named Wal� Whic3e� we sharked on the river, oh, a whole Zots, yau knorr, that's picking up �ogs and buckinq up drift Iaqs, �ld wi�ola trees. �e generally sold theaa in Newt�erg. Sometime� we would have a pretty good littZe d�ive. Of c�urse, the logs {left behi.nd from Zeg drives) was a�T l�randed, �ut if we'd find one that was a goad log, We'd bucic the end off With the brar�d and pu� on o�r own bran�. "�� I�ike rhe I3arth Santiaen Ri.ver, lag drives on the South took p�ace ir� t�ie sgring and fail. Early-day loq drives began a.bave Sweet Home, and research indicates that log drives in the vicinity of Cascadia were not �caamon. Log driv�s were a2so braught down the Mic�dle Saz�tiam as well a� Qua�tzv�3�e Creek. The logs from this area repartedl�t wexe (generaily speaking) talcen r_o Lebanon and processed at the paper mill t3lere. Xn latez years (axound 1�a01 other tribataries ot the South 5antiaan River beqan pro�u�ing �onsid- era:o3e riu:�bers of logs for ti�e wiliamett� Va11ey :aills � Ha,uiilton Creek, �ith its confluence a�out five a�i�es upstreazst of ��e farics, were two oE the �jor iog proclucers. I.oas fro�m Hami�tan and Crabtr�e Creeks were aenerailv delivered to Je;£ersan, Oregor�, wr}xere they were rafted and later taken ta th� vewk�erg, Salam, and Oregan Ca.ty miils, ':':se Lallor�aing excernts taiCen from the Oregon Timbe�man wil� give gou an idea of the areas r�riven, t.i�e amount af �oqs, and tk�e destinatacan af iog� from tihe South Santzam forests: "OREGON CAMPS W. H. Nobson, of Albany, recently finished a drive o� 2,200,000 feet of saw logs from Hamilton Creek down the Santiam River to Jefferson.'� "Jefferson Mi11 Com�any, af Jefferson, will log oS Crabtree and Hamilton Creeks, tributaries of the Santiam. "'I'he Le�anon �aper mils use 12,OsJ0 cords {6 MBF) of wood annuaily. The waod is cut along the Santiam River by farmers."� ".7�FFERSON - Jefferson Niill Company has about four million feet of loas in Hamilton Creek awaiting t.he freshet to bring the� out.• "P. i�i. 5�oggins & Company, of Lebanon, last a quaatity of lvgs hy a sudden rise in the Santiam River durinq the recent storm."� According ta eyewitnesses int�rviewed bv Division of State Lands staf£, the South Santiam was a slower, much easier driving stream. However, it did not produce as many logs as the North Santiam. Leland Prather, log driver on the Luckiamute River and witness to the Santiam River drives, put it this way: "'I'ney just didn't have the tisnber along the South Santiam they had u�on the North. " As pointed out eariier, Iog drives on the 5outh Santiam River qenerally began �n the vicinity of Cascadia. Archie Kimsey stated they generally began in an area the "ald timers" called Blue Lake located 14 miles above 5weet Home. iie said he usuaily jus�. cauqht Yhe drive in Sweet Home. Leland Prather ciaims that in the '30s you could see evidez�ce of 58 C. K� 5panldings "roZ�as+ay" boo�i along th� Sou�h Sant,ia� Rive� si.�ua�ed a►pproximatsly 6 miles �elaa Cascadiaa �i� said: "You cauld stil� s�� �� ol,d Spauldirig br�d an t�'ae logs tkaat �e� bc�ilt the r���away out of o S�uld�saq drove �ie� �.�gs clear to k�is mi��.s in I3ewberg, Sale� and Oregor� City. M��� �f thase loqs �hat came out of the Cascadia a�ea in the early years we�t to i.e�anon though, � "In years gone by, iog drives were cpnm�on eac3i spring wher� wa�,ar i.ri the rivers was high e�ough to float lags fram the foathiils d� to the 'main Zine' of the willamette River, and then on into PortZand. "A1ong B�aver Creek, the Saaatiam, Cala�ia, and Wiilamette R�ver�, the cry 'the wanigans a�� co�irsg' a� 'the drive is heze' ��usl� �ae hear� t3�roughout ehe cauntr�r�ide �� �h� Ioq� r+ere hei,ng f��at�d dos�ms'treain. "The years 189fl to 1900 sarr masiy 'drives' when the timbe�r of �astern Linr� County was k�eir�g sexst to mills or m�rkets. Stream i��d� ra�r� �illed ban� to ban3c wit� logso ... �as�e o� the �as� ��ves took place dosrn the slaugh j�xst Y�ck of Art white's faxa� nca�� of the hig�way b:���ge a�ross the Santia� River or� Highway 5e" Lag driving in Oregon was not without its legal prob�ems and the Santiam Rive� an� its trihuta�i�s had its share. A case i.nvo�vina Crab�ree Creek. � tributary of the S4utiz Saistiam, �ook place in the czrcuit oourt of Linn County, Apri1., 1906. Fo�lowing is ttie decree �ro� this cc�urt case: "Based upon the Findings of Fact anc3 Conclusions �f LaW :�erein, it is herehy ozdered, a�j�dged an� decreed that fox a nznnbe� of years Crabtree C�ee3� has been an� now i.s a navigahle stream F�r the puz�se of f�.oating and transpartfng logs, titaber, I�un^- b�� ties, wood, and ottie� m��erials of a like character; that �a�d �I ,T� 'I'�xnidge as � ci.���en af said county, and the p�iic in genera� nav� had arid norr hav� �i�e �ig�t �a the use of said streaia as a�ub�ic highway f�� t�e puzposes afare- said. That th e injunct�on heretnfore issued ou� of the a3aove-enti�led court be modified sa as to confozm to the findings of fact, the cancluszons of 1aw, and this deCree and these suits be and the same are both hereby dismissed." Another interesting excerpt far �his case gives a good indicatian of how eariy loa driving on the Santiam River system was taking place: "That on or about th� 3rd day of August, 1892, in a cause then pending in the caunty court in and for Linn Caunty, OreQOn, rrherein ane M. 3. Cameran, being then and there an a.ndividual resident of Li.nn County, Oregon, had made applica�ian therefor, such proceedings were duly had, that ... tf�e peti.tioner is interested in floatin� and �.rans�orting o€ logs, timber and 3umber down and over the waters of Crabtree Fork of the Santiasn River and Roaring Creek, and that said streams are in La.nn County, Ozegon, and that said creek ar czeeks has not been deciax'�d hy �aw to be navzgable for comme�cia3 ourposes, and the court being further satisfi.ed from the getition herein that iti would be to the best interesti of all concerned that said creek be declared to be a highway for floatinq and transpartation of 1ogs, timber and �umber down asid over their waters, commencing as high up as there is water sufficzent for f�oating and trar�sportation of logs, timber and lumber, and running down to sahere said Crantree Creek empties into the Santa.am River." At same time or another, mr�st oz tne rivers and streams in Oregor, have been used in some way for a Ioqginq operatiion. Log driving an the 5antiiam s'tiver was carr:.ed out in �uch the same mannex as iog driving on any of ths rivers and streams across the continen�. Log driving methods were generally standardized to the �.ype and size of river, with procedures for driving rivers from those reqniring little or no assistance in driving to those with white water, exposed bedrock, shallow stretches, and troublesome qrave� bars. Logs were transported down rivers and stx eams sisnp�.y because this was �e Fn ch�agest and easa.est methad avai�a�l� at th� �i.me. R�ve� d�iving begard losing its imporGance wi�h th� inaccessibility af �im�er near driving streasa�, increased use a� rai�xnads, legal pro3al.esQS, landowner prob�em�, aszd eaz�y-day er�ui:�onmer�talists e "�'he move�aent .of rafted logs an� oilinc} on the river faag ir�cxeased steadily throuqh the years and it zs the one ite� of rzve� traffic wi�h which ather methods of t;anspox�ation can- not compete. wherevex the �ogs can be qatten zszto tfae river, this method of transportation WiZl cnntinue to be supreme." I think that feelings toward log driving fn those days can best be su�nariz�d �y Lel.and Prather' s coAaaen� : "Hel.i, I rras fi��y yea�s o�d befoze � rea�ize� they a�oved logs �ax� other Way. ��65 : �: �. � . 1 � • �� _ ��4� w • �. �. �� -w � . a '� , s 't� : f � sY' � � '� �� r * : y r.,w �,� _:� f�' r_ �� �,�� ., , r .. �� � s , � r w� �. 5 � �'. � . . t F J,7R� �', � ; 5�, � `�.�"".•,.. . . . - .. ' T x ^� !� :� . a . . • �. . � r ' � "'�, ��:� �� �`� � � �� ti' � � � _ . 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' � ' �. �' . -�,.. � i � • 1 ��.:1"����i �..0 � ;`� ;w'�� � �sr..� � .. �.+� !�-;`. �. � .,t w't.� J � .� �.a � � �,; y � � k, _ i - . � � �'i.: y .�4 1 � .� .� � � `� � - ��� ��� . f Y ,'Y � . - . ,� . R , �t } � t � . _ • . � 1, �►� r � - � �� r � i : �" � 4; � . � � . �.. 4 s •: a; y� -- i.�'! x < �. Y . • +Y � � � i � � �Ii�.� � � �� �� ��* � 6 � • �� 1 ,�/ .� J ' � r � �!e R T �� . �" . . .� �Y..� .►� i • ; ��� � � . �.:'�. ' . �- �' � f x: � _ }M �. ,,, i � � ' ` ` F - � � `` � ; - � � ; - . _ ' . �; ,'' � � . t.: �� �,e �a.ti �� . , . ' ��- . _ ' ' -� -..,.� . ; � `!if '�, � � - 4 ��,4...� � ,w�' '�:«.�' • f � ' � . `•. ` • �• � � ��- . . , 1 ' • s_ . � _ � 'i ��� �� � . -• �•.� . . . � ' . . . . . . . F ;� . . . - . . , .- _ . 1. {. ��� � SONG QF THE STERN-WHEELF.�t Run to tne xiv�r! The whistle's a-blowingt And 'round t.�e big ber:d, its caged paddles tuzning, � broad graceful imaqe came fu�l to oux° viswinq, Ft�i ta the riweri A stexn-whee�er`s cominqe ��'c3 wa�cY� t,.�e waters that came in h��e wak�; And we'd swim through the waves tha� would �ai�lorr and break: Then returning t3�e sm�l� df a fr�endl� d�c� ttand, 'rFe' ci jump on a wave . as�d wash hack to the �and e Those "Queens" of the ri.ver, though qoae front our sa.ght, S�ii1 hac�axt� ou� fond meaaories � whez� in th� sti�l nigt�� '�� wazl o� a f�� whistTe see�� to �e saying � "Run to t.'�e river! A stern-wheeler's comi.r�g." Dorthv Ha�nand Nic4cersan - The Stern-wheeler's 0l�i�uarv SHIPPING with today's freight tirucks zipping along the freeways and railroad cars clicking o£f the mi�es of tracks, it's hard to imagine tihe transpartation problems that existed 100 or �ore years ago. Water transportation, of course, has been used as Iong as man has been on earth and the people ot the Santiam Va�ley were no exception to this fact of life. You can rest assured that all efforts were made ta utilize the Santiam River in any way possible to solve soute of their transportation prat�ie�s . Although ship�ing could nat be considered the major use o£ the Santiam River, shipping did take �lace on the river between the years of 1850 ta , around 1870. The U.S. Corps of Engineers classifies the Santiam River as naviqable waters o� the i3nited Sta�es--navigable from its mou�h to �efferson. ,.Tefferson, Oregon, has �een historical?y considered �.he hea�? of naviaation on the 5antiam River. Situated on the main Santiam at RM 9.0, Jefferson is, in fact, the highest point an the river that commercial baat traffic regularly navigated. ". .. it is at the head of navigation on the Santiam. Any vesse� that can naviQate the Wiliamette can ascend tb that naint. 'I`here is at that goint a cansiderable fall in the ri.ver affordinq a noble water privilege. This privi3ega is beizg improved by tne enterprising firm of Conser & Evans by ti3e erectian af a saw and qrist mill ..." "UNRUFFLED .7�FFERS�N NOW IN ITS SECOND CENTURY "The f�our mill warehouse had storage for 25,000 bushe�s and a large grange warehause had �a�.ely been constructed on 64 t.3i� rive� bank. TYaen 150,Q00 laush�ls af wi�@a� w��� s�ip�� �ro� Jeffersan annually, �ostly by boat."�� �"'�RAfISFORTA'��ON - The �reigk�t steam Occide�n�, twir► �i�ter t� th� Qriesit. arrived a� J�ff��sor� �is �rning. Stxe was x�ce��red b}r a s�l�a o� arti�l�zy (ar�viZs) an� th� en�ire �P�l,ati�n �� tha�. ��yo �i��o 'TY�i� is t�i� first s�.e.aiser ��t h.as ��ived �t .�e�f�rson sia�ice t.l�� a��ent of �hh� Galiqpe sev�ra� y�ars sixice. 'I"he Oc�i�er�t takes a Ioa�d of wheat from the fa�mers` warehouse."�g In my research into the history of navigation of tlze Sant3am River, I came across a report by iCarl Mac�tffee entitied "Naviga�ion--Upper Willamette River--I846 to 1936." This report Was submitted to the district engin� o� ttae U.�. Co�rs o� �gia�ee�s Dena��nen� in 1940 azxd sometvue later came into �ixe possession �f' tl�t� Oregon Historica� �ociety. In its text, refer- ence to the use of the 5antiam River is made, and fo��.owing are some of t�e cnore ims�ortant passaqes : "JEFF'ERSOIY, on the Santias� Riv�r, was set��.��d in 1853 and in�ozporated in 1870. Zt �►as an important shipping point dt�rinq t�xe stgam3�oat geziod and af�er tha railzoad came ian 187�. Hesi�es t�� mi��s an� f�ctories in Jefferson, i� was the eer��er f�� �� s��p�ing af qx�.ixr� raised ir� the srs�r�v�d.ixig cour���y� �ie �arr���� caz'ri�r� �am� ug tixe S��ia� �o t.h� CBns�r ar,� �urrietta �ii�1� ` vhich r+er� �x��d a� a s�o�eh�u�e to load. T7te last s�i�msn� a� grain ou� of .7�ffarsor� �y �at was uRade in 1975 when Ck�arles M.�11�z txa� tzoubl� With the railroad canspany aver rate� �d a spur tracl� ta his s�brehouse and threatene� t� qo �ac4� t� r�ver �ranspartatian. The th�eat did not succeed at first sa h� brought a boat up and made a s2zzp-° men�. 'I'his is said to have �raught the railroad comoany �o te�ms."iu "'1'he rive� [Willasnet�el has l�een navigate� �y river steame�rsr a� far ups�eam a� S�ringfield, i80 aules ab�v� Por�.land, �nnd t�^i� tril��xta�i.es k��v� bessx s�aviaa�ed in t.�eir lrnrer reach�sa Au�4xeri�ic data disclases that s�eainers have t�eer� naviqated ora tr�ese Waters for a distance of 300 miles. Seqrsgated, t��ey are aps�ortione� as �ollaws: "Main stream ta Springfield Clackamas River '1Ualatin River Pudding River Yamhill River Luckiamute River Santiam River Saonville Slouqh Lonq Tom River i85 miles 1 mile 30 miles 10 miles 20 mi.Ies 18 miles 22 miles S miles 9 miles "Most of these waters are still used by smail baats and tugs towinq out loqs during high water seasans but there has been r�o tra£fic by the �arger baats above Salem sznce �918."��- Another passaqe of interest in the report makes refQrenc� to Jefferson's ex�orti �aatential. These exports, in 3efferson's early days, were shipped almost entirely by steamboat. ". ..,Iefferson had two warehouses of 25,�00 busheZs capacity from which 150,000 bushe�s of wheat were shipped annually ... There Were a3.so in .7efferson at this time two flouzinq milis aperatzng--one of which had a capacity of 250 barrels and the other 120 barreis per day. A sawmill was also in operation at this time." In the Oreqon Histarical Quarterly en�it�ed "Beginnings of Jefferson," coffinents are made about the town's development arid importance as a shipping center: ". .. Besides the mills and factories in Jefferson, the town was a center for the shipping of the grain raised in the 4l3tSU"tiituiiiy [jlJUil��x. DCLULC uic ia3.i�Gdu 'ria5 uuiii iTa Lc riverboats came up to the Conser and Burnett Mi],ls which were used as a storehouse to load. One authori�y says that the Santiam was navigable for 22 miles, and that fzequent �.rips wera made as far as Jefferson on the "largest carries." It was nat an unusual sight to see steamers loading at Jeffersan Mills." "Transpoztation before 1870 was accomplis�ed by river navi- gation, wizich has been mentioned before, and the stagecoach." 65 r . — :....,�.�.�. :;�, - ? � �'� -a.ni � ,.� . • ,�::x�� • �r . ,��. " .,t �.�ti;:, ' t �' ' ��'•:rv. 'c ' 1 '::. »�! i Y� •i�.' ' �' - � !,. '".!�� �.+� �,-' � • 1��4� ._.�� . �t � �''� '��'' 'y. `;,�.�/a,�:�.. :�x. •���•�w - a _.3� v. `' +'� ��:.�.?_�� ��;.,�.. . .� a k �. �\�.\ � , a '• `' '� i �. l ,�� ' �.1 �c• - '; j'� -. �,�i�� i ���-. �,,,. ^ •�- r � 1 � � r � �. i f �.�i.'� #.� .`r° � �� ��_' � y. ,� � j i ��' � ' �� - �� . ' � � �' _'�� ��' � . �.�� � . - ��, � � � : ���r ( a f ��' ' i [ ; � Y�� - . � � Y � ,1,�� � : l j�. '�' .''- i � � � `�� �. �� � y .� ,�. '��'� f ., �'; : �� ..�t. . �r�,� ;.'' ,. r ��? e : � �, ��;, _ ww..:� .� � ���' � �`� - .. � � "t � � .����'�jgT -s:� - . ..` --�� # . :� ...��� ��: ''�� ►�- : � � •-' y -� 1� '"' ,�, ! -515`.ki2l1'� `� ~ ' ♦ \ � ■ � � 1 �` � = 1 . t � e 'f. ! _ _�{ � S ti E• +� •e �� � ,� f� - �� .� • + _:� `�� �} ��� f � u= ��� yy l� .. _ 1' . .a ��` ., '� t ro ' '-a� r q , ! i J.: . w M� ' .;. �' �.+Z:_�_ ' !�: .� .- ��. � ����-"�' �� :� `� k � �. �'��� ��.t s� �3?: �a' k � '1 '� ��� . ��' ��� .� -��' r ! �. .� .�- ;��. ' `• •-�#� f �' = ' ������ ` � , �-�;-: � •"- } , � i �� F .r �1, ��;,� ' : ' � f � jj�! •- •�, � •� :s ��j ;��� '=.a�r. , � � � M' �' �" ', Fr- E �` � � _ . . 3 :�•� ;���� ,..�, •':! �'!,� � '. ? , _' �,- �: �r: -- -�l� !9 � ��::-�r � . - .`��. �. .�~ }a °' l =+r=-+".� a • �� `. "Previous to the buildin af the railroad, steamboa�s came ug the Santiam as far as �effersan. The coming of the rail- road did away with the stagecoaches and most of the river navigation. The Oregon and Califarnia Railroad Company of Salem, the bregon Central Railroad Company of Salem, and the Oreqon and California Land Campany are the three com- panies which purchased the right-of-way, mostly from townspeople. The construction had bequn in Partland in 1868, but the first train did not reach Jefferson untii �ovember 27, �870 The railroad crossed the Santiam River at Jefferson and proceeded to Al�any." {�mphasis added.) The BDth Anniversary Edition o� the Ore on Statesman contains an ar�icle by Capt. Frank J. Smith, Historian-Veteran St�amboatmen's Associatinn, and states: "The Santiam River has been navigated for a distance of Z2 miles. In the early days, frequent trips were made as far as �efferson by the largest carriers and it was not an unusual sight to s�e steamers loading at the Jefferson mills." Excerpts tron other source ma�erial follows: ", .. City of Galem, the Fin�st Wiilamette stear,ier yet float�d, was �uilt, making her trial trip Oc*ober 21st. The success o� this steamer was but a continuation of tha� enjoyed by the Ohio. Sne could carry an i�nmense load on very shallow water, and wh�n light, her master asserted ' that all sne needed to run on was a heavy dew. In Fe�ruary, 1876, sh� ascended the Santiiam as far as Jef�ersdn." in�� ��� n��:� t i���i R�$a� i�n rhP �. . . LclL1I1C:I1C[1 111 lo �.� � �i�c v�.��.�+Eia� � �+ � narrow Santiam River as far as Jefferson, a tra.p also made thaz year �y the Ci.ty af 5alem. This was somethinq of an ac�or.iplishment, since �he Santiar.l, rapid and ciashinq, was practically unnavigaDle except during extreme nigh water and th�n for only a few days at a time."�S "'^he writer r�cently interviewed a man whase life began beside the Santzar,l near�y a century ago. This man is FF wesley S. Canser, 3304 �.E. C�eveland �tre�t, P��t�and. w�� is 9� years old. "He was barn an �ovember 22, 1852, at �e�fersan, tk�e litt�e �awn that sprcinq up in tihe wa3ee of Sar�tia� C�ty �d S�r�a�,��� e ff�� fathez built aa�d opera�ed a fer•r�r at �effe�son �nc� � g�i�� mi�l farth�� up �e xive�. "I�ir. Conser to1.d of �ow the lit�le riverboat� wauld run up �.�� S�nf.iam to his father"s warek�ouse for qrain whes� t�a �iv�� wr�� irt flood, but coul.d not get that far w�en Cl�e sa�ate� �r�s 1a�r. :ie laughed glee�uT�y as h� recal�ed the aciv�ntuz�us Za���.�� steam�XS chugging upstrearn in the turbulent ��ve� and b��lciz�g down again hecause tY�ey dared nnt attempt to turn around."� �"�i�e San�iam Riv�� ... is navigable La� a disrance of. ten mz3.es fram the �i.l�amette River up as �ar as t�� tr�wr� ef Jeffezson; it, is about 3S0 feeC wide a� far uo �s t:�ae [�ort3 . Fox°�C . . . �t (�effe�son� is �ituatec� at �a� head o� naviqatio� o� �e �aa�t,��i Ft�v��, anc� ��tho�.gh i� �.as been ques��r�ed w�e�he� ��r�e�s�n c�ul� b� �ade a ship�inc� r�csi�r_ fa� gr�in t�y wa�er, tha� n�irat has b�et� de�ided by the fac� that severa� s�eambaats have visited i�, carrying away upwards of 1d0 tons of wheat on eac�i occasior�e " �7erfersor� wasn't t�e anly San�iam River t�wn tt�a� �ad �ransp��L��:i��i �robl.ems. Lehanon, situated along �he South Santiam at RM 3�, wa.� alsc� struggiing to esLab�zsh i�se�° an Oregon's wi3.lame��e sallev and �i�e ��1 Q�:�er sparsely popvlat�� settl�en�s, t�'�� cos� �f �ui�d�nc :;�:�.�.�, .a�s �r�hibit�vee ':he c�tizens o£ Lebanon t.hought thev t�ad a solu�ion to t:�eir c�re�ble.*n�. '�:�a� so�ution was �e Santiam �.ver and � steamba�.� callea �.:�e Calli�ae e "T�:e Calliope" "��a 1871 the Calliape, a smal�, tiati°�ottomed steainbaat a�cended the South Santi.am to what was t:�en knowtT as �he Ridgeway ferry, r�ear where the twa bz°idges now cross the Sanfiiam just east �f to�rn. The Little steamer 1ef� Cor4ralli� one �av at noon under the coimnand of Can�ain Robert Copeley and succeeded in reaching Jeffersan that evening. T�e next day she started for Labanon, but she had to be helped by the dozens of farmers who had conqregated along �he river bank to watch her Make the trip. The farmers were as anxious as th� townsp�ople to have boats navigate the Santzam, and they all wi�lingly lent a hand ta pull her up over th� shallow =�laces in the narxow strean. "The Calliope's whistLe shrieke� almost constiantly as she strur�c�leci upstire�m and �he ariswerinr� yells of the crowds who conqregated aloriq Gtie river �a ��ratch her proqress werc as lus Ly. "A qreat ceiebration was olanned. People came from miles around to see the �esCel w:�ose �rip was to be, they honed, �he beqinning af a regu�ar transpartation service, and a barbecue and ball were �lanned. But Captain Copeley who had been able to see LJDt�DP.t much of ti�e way to Lebanon did not dare to stay in Lebaiion overniyht l�st the water go down and :sis boat be grounded. So the return trip had �o be sta�ted at once. "What was ta have been an historic shipment, about ?C� tons of freight, was loaded oii the Cal�iope for her return trip, but after a. few miles most of it had to be taken off to kee? her afioat_ A number af Lebanon people too had taken �assage on the boa� for the exnerience of ne�aing initiate what they i�oneci would be regu3.ar service. �ut they as we�l as �he freiqht had to bc hauied hame. �vexy team in town was used to �ring back the �assengers an� the goods. "lven so, the little steaine� had to waiti this side of ,Ieffersan for a heavy rain ta bring the river up so it couJ.d sail back in�.o the Lviila�iet�.e. Thus �nded aAa ho�e o� nav;g4*zon �f the Santiam. The railroad bri.dqe was built without a draw and agita�ion �or boat s4r�rice en�ed."� "^o �on it all, �he L•.i�lar�ette i�laviaation Ca:�pany was Pormed in 1370 by indiqnant val.ley farmers �a:�o hat�d the P. T. Comnany. The new orr�anizatzon built �h� 100-�oot stea�ner Caiiidpe a�. Corvallis and placed her or� the up�er-river raute. She made one unsuccessful ven�.�re u� the Santiar.�s River in 1870." °T`.Ze Santiam was an important feeder of the Wi.7.lamet�.e and, ;,, t R71 _ rhP tdi3lainette �IaviQation Company com�osed af far.ssers rar. the Calliope up as far as Lebanon Landing. The water rose �e�ore the return trip and the crew had to scuttle the boat so :.hat it �ight clear the railroad bridge. wi.11amette River boatis continued �o transport larqe cargoes of freic}ht through t: e `7Gs. "$ "a:� independent stearihoat, the Calliope, had been built ta co�oete with the P. '�'. Co. but found no business on the main river, whereupan her owners sent her up the shallow Santiam 7� to LeJ�anon landinq for any freigi�� size might g�ean< 'Fhe Cal�iope went to Lehanon a�.l righ�, asxd �hen found sk�� cauld not com� back; wF�i1e sl�e was there, the �iver rose, and the Calliope's chimney wou3.d not clear HolLaday's ra��road bridge �t, Jeffersone The only wa� �� g� und�r wa� painfu�, k�u� tk�e crew did it°-they �cu�,tled the }�aat� dr�ggeci h�z� al�ng �k�� bo�tocn o� �� r��e� unt�� sh� veas be��wa �e bri�g� P the� t�ail�d �er ou� �iY� s�a� floa,tied, and serenely went the�� wa�r down t�e rive�<" "'�he will�mette �reigi�t�n� Comnany �iszna�tled the "Anr�" early in �he y�ax ar�d in A�ri� placed her equipment on the "Ca�liope." "T�e 'Calliope' was built to navigate t:�e Santiam River. One trzp was made �o Lebanor� Landing. On the t�ip down they had to scuttle the b��t to ge� under ��e �ailroad br�dge due ta a rise in the ri�rere Th� boa� was then taken of� the Santi�m, and made a few tri�s on �he 4����amet�e �o Corva�.�is. �hs was tied up a�tez ��� m�r��Ys. " "A.1}aaa'�y Sundav Demacrat, April 17, 1871: Lebanon is j�kailant over the feat of the Calliogee The steamer tnok I40 tons of fre�q�� down t:�e Santiasa fro�s L,ebanon. "e� 'o �. ir� i67�, t,�e steamer 'Callio�e,' Ca�tain Cop�l�y, succeeded in reaching Lebanon and pioneer sm�l� steame�s reacl�ed t� for4es af t�e S�ntiam� " :`;:e ts°ip a� �h� "Ca1l.iope" u� tt�e Sout�h S�ratia� to �e�aanon w�s sim.i.�a� fn nature and in��nt ta the tx ip of the "Swa�" up th� Sauth umpr�aa t� Roseburg t�e previous year. Bo�h trips were suppo�t�d witi� :�igh enthusiasm of �.3�e Ioca� resic3ents, b4th were launc:�ed with hig�~� exa�cLations, a.�d bcth enced ir�. �ailure AI� ho�e of naviqation on t�e 5out..�i Santzam and .bi �i -��n nr�i tn++ nn Fnr ch i nni nrt cart�ti rn tn r.ahannn � 1 rn t�nr3�r� _ 7i15tCh mf�we+ �.�..�..�..�: ..���....,�.... �...� ....�t.p.�.,.� ..�� . �....e �.. .."..�...... .��.,_ .J._�.,..-... -'-,._'. ...�9., cuieC.ly, I mig:�t add, than it nad bequa�. S�eam�oa�. tzafiic on the Saz�tiara `aa� essentia�,�y corsc�ude� iz� 187�. Hcwever, in later years, Iag rafts "rafted" at Je��erson were vowed ���rn t�� Santiam and Wil�am�tte Rivers to flregon City Fuzniture mill oc.med by Dorenbeckers_ .sow retire�i, Captain Charles "Smokey" Stolier piloted tugboats on the �rTillamette and its tributaries for over 30 years. i3is boats were anywhere f'rom 2E� to 30 feet �ong and drew �4 to 26 inclies o£ water. Em�loyed by the Bernert Towing Co�pany until �950, Smokey commented that :�e had "towed" out of the Santiam Riv�r every year since I926. He fuzther stated that before hirt, Albert Bernert had towed logs out af tne 5antiam sincE around 191u. However, he reports that he cou.�d only naviaate th� Santiam River cahen the SaJ�em gage was at 3.J. feet. Accordinq to Smokey, logs were raftect into "lines" (1Q,�00 k�oard feet) at .3efferson during the high water p�riods (NOVemk�er to ,7une) and the tug ooerators wnuld tow six to eight lines at a time, using twa tugs (a;�e in front tawinq and one in the rear to assist in manuevering turns. The lags Gaere all harcwoods: nanle, as_�, and cottonwood. T�ey general"_� made one run t�er day Uut quite aften they managed �o "get off" two runs. The logs were towed down the 5antiam ta th� °r7illamette and then to wel�s " Ec�dy (one mile below Buena Vista) where they were made into Iarger rafts and taken on to Oregon Citv. Smokey claimeci �:�ey hauled between 14 to 15 milZion feet annually out of the Santiam at Je.��ezson. °Bernert's," said Smokey, "was the anly one towing ou�. of the Santian except for a couple of 'gypo' operators." 72 i ? �: '��, �� � �. �� �� � - ' � .� tf ... : � . . . -; � - - `� �' -. .� - " , # ,G"��' .' p - � - d ° k'. Y�-- � �� r .� A � .yt � � � � .y. ���. �.'. � t ��� ..y� � � l+,_a� � � .� i ,. . .. .� � r.-- =.�r�� Q _ � � �` � �, � i � � r � � O �.s. .V i-1 � .� �. � � i � � � ` � ~"f � V �4 � d `,.' « . ' r ._ a � � c T� 1 .i'�' C _` :l� - _"� � v E rl S�. S.� O ` �� m +� � .-' � � n — w .r; Y, r s� � m � ,.� � O +> tt7 � m � j � � O � � . .f �'� �` � � � .'• ' , y ���� ��ww �ariy recor�s o� stear=�oats on the 5antiam are almosL nonexistent. �ources seem to vary wnen reierencin� to the consistencv of steam�oat s�;ie��uling, but aZl sources ?oint to th� �act that between the years of 1�50 to 107� steamboats did ascend the Santiam Rzver, first to the mills ancl�:�arz:nouses at Svracuse and Santian City, then later after its estab- lis;�rtent to .3ef�erson at fZl y.�� to `�.o. The records we do have point strong�y to a conciusion t:�at steamboats only ascen�ed �ne Santiam during high water periods ([Jove�ber tnrough June). One would nave to assume that the storage bends and warehouses were used by local ci�ize:�s to ho�3 c�x�.ins and oL:ier produce unti� water levels were adequate for steamboat travel. This metl�od of shi�ping took Place annualZy until Z�70 when the railraad cane through ,7efferson on its way to Albany an�i sout;�. Except for the steamboats, City of 5alem, and the Occident's tzip in �.376, steamboat trartic on tne Santiain was virtually eliminated t�y railraad Sc^.rV�C�.'. 74 � - t� rt y � T `,� � � t �� 1 �t J �`�,-L:, _ _� : .r ' i� - t' � � � �� ^- p: e,_ s�ti, ;1 _ .,, � � a\ �. a . "+� �" " 9�- �� � ~ 1 � � �����_� _ t � .♦ y ; _ � r ` T t � 2. . - , � F. ��Y•. . , � � � �� ..� _ • � f .�-}.�� ..� y� f � 1 . � ,,,� ��� � � .�- - . � � - r � . '�� ,� � x ��t�ia Y �t``t Y s��� r . ^�.. . -v ' . �,. _ y � j . �: �. �' �� } � -�rG ' �s ��.. �' ��. ' h �.� r^ -' �� � ._i ; .. t } C �ir. � ', x: ,� ' r � �s'r'� � �� F �': �4 � �- t i� � � •,� y' '" l� 1 ' • • ��• f � y ��; { �� - '+ �� i� �J" � �e ` �,���. 1 � ���tEc � ' � f "� rI �i � sstiu �, � � �, � „ �i� '�� .� ,'� !� i� � �� „* .� �; << j 1 R , � .i �` . � � � f r. � F' ' , Y�s '� j" f 1 .�� sp }F � b � �� . . -� � � �� f � - a - S � `� N � � w - � � ' ..r "' i� ys 'i`,� � _ Q � i'e . ����� - ..��`� ^M . + x '� « � '- RC . . =`.-�:::i`.�- _ �,. . � ��. a "ti� X:x . .. - :��'`a�� � ���� � � �,�:��, _ . � . r;a ..: SI'Jr .,_ . yy # ' � .'.: . . ;y "'ti.r="'' � Y -� r �`' ���#� . i ` �� ��" � � • :.:;� , ��� � � � ��- � ��,; - � �:.��- � - r �.� � - .�:_ � � � ; _,�� �a . x s y,. =r - � I _ ... . .� ��+'�' � � . � '� F j - �����~ _ U - x ��� y Y � �� �! r _ ; ��.� � � � � _ ...�:.�.�z'� � C - - � + . - - _ ._��• � � _ _� �r:f�:y�. � � � � . . . `.��.� a} � . .. �� r��Kt�.'� � ¢ . _ - ^"=as-'�. � � -- C2 . � . �_ � -- � ;;�� � ., . _ . i-��.-c-:.. t'".{'. ' �EP.RTwS m ��tliough consider��3 beauti.fu� counCrv, the Santiam Valley--situa�ed in a pocket-like de�ression ancl surrounded by kiiils with the �antiam �tiver �neanderinq northwesterly through it--for :nany years reinained a barrier between it and �he Salen co�ntry to �he north. Only as roads :�ere built and ferries crossed Qregon rivers coulc3 immigrants migrate to the uasettled Oregon territory ta the south. The first �errv to cross �.he 5antian River was l.acated aoproxim,a�ely two mil�s belaw th� town of Jefferson,�Oreqon. The ferry was �ui3.t by a man narned �:ilton Ha1e in 1846. liale naci com� to Oreqon from Burlington, Iowa, in 1d45 and sGaked out a clai�cs (the first in Linn County) later tio become 5yracuse, Oregon. "^he onlj� *_ools ne had with which to canstruct his ',�oat was a c:;�tinq ax, an adze, an auqer, and a large pocketknife, and there was za lur.ber to �e nad nearer tnan Oregon City; but with true western fortztude he set to work at his im- portant task. tie �irst telled two fir trees out of whicn he constructed two iarc}e canoes, and these ne pinned �oaether about 10 feet apax� with split puncheons. Over tnis crude �erry passed vzr4ua11y all of the �irst erti- gra�ion into what is now Linn and Lane Counties. . "T:ze Iia3e f�rry ushered in �he era of towns for Santiam f v,1�PV_ n,�rina the two vears �efore i� was bui].t, the -�---,- � _ Santiam 12iver was tne sout.'iern boundary �or er.iigratzon, �ut a�ter I846 the ferry became the funnel throuqh wlZic� the eniarants must pass on their way to the south. .�� this cencral ooint, th�re soon arose �he first two towns of the reaion: 5yracuse on i�Ii�lton Hale's c�air.: on the soutn ban}:; and Santiam Citv oiz Samuel S. .'4iller's claim an the north nank. " (�.^�phasis aaded. } 9� 7S �ntil around 1350, Hale's ferr� was t�e o��� ��ac� to ��aa� ��e Sant�aan �iv�r. ��� 13�7 �egislatur8 aut.�orize� ��� r��s���c�ion of a roa� fra� o�a�on Cit� southward over �al�'s ��rr� and a��st ev�ry se�tler qoing saut.�i o� t�e Saratiam had passed over z�Y�I��� Ha��'s fe�rye d�ii� heavy �nigratian kea� the f�z°ry v��y ��sy �n� resu�ted. ir� t�e beginninq �f a lucrative private �nterprise, one that migl�� be considered �inn Co�ntv's �irst public transpor�ata.or� sys�e�.�� "�ac� cus�omer was ck�arged 25 cera�s per crossinge Hecause af tkais fexxy, �� lastds of I,�a�a� and I,a�e Couz�ties were r:��d� r�ar� �ccessi�l� to m�s aYl iminigran�s. T'h: ougI�out ��� ye�rr� t� Eol�ow, t�ie crosszr�� beca�e known a� Ki� �.on ti�le` s�erry, or Santiam E`errv. O�.�x�r ferry boa�.s fallow+ed �apidly t}xraughout the county." "MEfiAt , (7� Sr:��t:�`s Ferzy, is located �n t�e north �ork of t�e San,tiam Rzver, abou� sixteen miles sou�heasterly of Turner. I� was iaid out t�y '�Ir. Sm��h. 'L"�e population is about zox�ye Tt�e viTlage has a schooli�ouse, blaclesmitz s;�op, and a hotel and £erzy keg� by Mre Smi�h.�� �:, �xcellen� descrip�ion of the typic�l early�day �erry and i�ow i� wa�ke� is 'oun� in Harold Avery :�inter` S enti�led Um�crua t7a�ley, O�eqon, and t�s �i.onee�s� "T::e c�afts wcre �1at-bottomed scaw�, abou� ���t�r f�et long azici f�om twelve to �ourteen feet wide, with the bottom s1oQi.r�g up at either end_ The sic3e or gunwale, af �h� earl�e� �c�ats was a�rout tnirt;r �x�ches de�� b}r four i�ches `.�aic�, , tx�wr� Er�m �arge � i� �rees e "e .. Equipme�t us�� ta operate these ferries was sia:sple< � t.�ree-quarter-inch steel ca�le was stseLcheci froz� the ba.nk and ar�chored at either end to a winch, or w�ndlass. The ��riradlass was constructed Fror� tree trunks, usually oak, 'The wind]ass was constzucted fram tree Lrunks, usvally aak, about eiqhteen inches in diameter, cut in ten-foot lenqths with a fork at one enc3. 3wo of these forks wete set in the qround about six �eet anart. A roller, or drum, was fitted in the forks with the ends of the cable wound around it. With hand s�ikes inserted in offset slots at �ither end anc� scoCched bv a crossbar to keep the cahle from unwind ina. This arranqement allowed the cable to be raised or �owered a�cordina to the �eve], of the water. "'I�,ro lazge woaden blocks with six-inch steel sheaves were nlaced on the cable. These were attached to the ferry baat by one-inch hesnp rapes from twenty to thirtv feet lonq, �Oassed throuqh rinq in the deck, or wrapoed around a banister. By shortenir�g the biqht at one end and lenqt�en- in4 it at the other, th� force of the current caused the boat to move from shore to shore. To make the return trip, the order was reversed. When the current �as not stronq enough to r�ve the craft. the boat was manned with Zonq sweeps, or cars, and sculled across. This was the custom foilowed by settlers �ho �ea,intained priv�te ferries without cables. "`�� Each f.errv reportedlv could accommodate from four ta six waaons and thei.r teams as well as numerous passenqezs. In 1851 the ieqislature passed county license reauirements for ferrv oQerators. The county courts set their fee far the license at Si25 per year. They also established an acceptable standard toll rate that the ferz'y opeza�ors could charqe, and tlzev were : '1. Man on �oot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5 C 2. '�!an and horse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 � 3. Eac?� loose horse, muie, caw, steez ...... 24.0 C 4. wagon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.0 � Eact� attached animal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 S . Q G 5. Each sheen or hoq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.S G° For over a haif century, ferry boats aperated on the 5antiam '.�iver system. Followina are some of the better known locations: 7? �eaP Es�lishe� C�o�� ra�o� 1946 184� LgSQ 18 50 1��2 1��� (app�ox�? I8'70 (a��r��c. } 18�0 {��ptox.? S��.i.asa Cit� to 5yra�as� rira�t� Saa�ti� t� �ehar�a ��acus� to �aait�a� Cft� �'����io� ���fcr��r� I��a�� Sauiti�, �m Sh�lbu�rt t���► ��tfa� -� Stayt�r� S�e�� SanLianr -- ne�� ���a��e� �tiZt�n Ei�l� riir. 55atith ,Tac�b & Sa��l Mill�r �1��� I�ce� �'a��b �ax�ts�� t�o �� M��o��1d �'rz�xtic �ien�ir�� i�ir . 5e,riders oa� � Ferry #�oats played an ia:�orta.�� rol� i.rn aur pioneer day tr�saorta�tion syst�. Bri.dqes were, of caurss, ecanoau.ca�ly cuafeasib�e d�rinq thfs early pe�iad of devs�opmesa�; herice, t.ki� fezry rras �he only dlE9N�� providing no� only trar��r�ortaltion �ut alsrs pr�vidinq a rxee�incr pi�ce ��r falks to Qat�'xer and visit. t�od�rn tilg�tways � fa��.e� sy��en� vf tr�xz�portation ` steel and concrete b�i�q e�entua�l�l replaccd tti� �exzie�; but they w�l�. neve� repiace t3�e qla�or and frien�shi� recallad fn th� caeemaries vf alde� citizang for �ese cruc3e ve��e�,s--� �a�t :.mz.+ortar�t ? inlc i.� Creqan's deve�opmen±�_ EtECREATIONAI BOA`TING Apparently, there has never been a study for the purposa of determininq the extent of recreational baatinq on the SanCiam River svstetn. Since studies or reraorts o� this nature have never been undertaken, information in this section of the xe�ort is ].imited to t�at ohtained fran nersoaal contact with State Fishezy Bio�oqist and river qui.des. Recreational baatzng an the Santiam River system varies from karqer baats in use on the reservoirs or iower Santi.am Hiver ibelow Jefferson) to drift hoats, canoes, rubher rafts, and even inner tubes used an the swifter "whitewater" sections o£ the North and South farks. Mast of the recreational boa�inq tihat takes place on the Santiam� system is � influenced by the more popular species ar�d races of fish avaiiable wztizin the 5asitiam system. Boatinq numbers and frectuency of boat use would fiuctuate with the various fish r�u�s that take place thzoughout the year. For t4�ose who prefer, guides are availab�e. I contacted tWO river guides that worfc the Sa,ntiam River systesn: Gil waxd and Bab Shearer of Salem. Both men w�ork severai other'rivers in OreQon besides the Santiam. Thev 4V; �prr� �hat ]�etween 12 to 15 river quides were workinq the 5ant�am at the time of this report. Fees for this service ranged from 535 to $�0 per person per day. Baat occupancY is usuaily two �eople and an averaqe quide will work between i5 to 20 days oer year on the San�iam. 3b �� .� �� Y � a i i� x� S ! �r �..,� �• �t. } ,�.•' 3� � 9 '� .; � , � [ r �ti ' t - � �" !, fR ';`: � ! `�Y` , a � + x � } 4� ; • ! ` ,`� •+� + + 1 " � ��' ,� ���T t � �� r : 3� Fr c'� � `� '�� ��.�.-�•: � :E' -. t'� ��'�j.d� � Lk� fi . - :a r � - -. r r�... I�}i � � �' "� .�. i 4� ,r� ` -� �� . \ -:.�� -� � � � � ,'.� �` ,� � e � �.. �f�� � O � . . � � � � , y s Y �`� � i� ? t �• ' •l' � r �� �} ,j ` I .�. �'�° �.. R'i � K y�- �, - ��. 7F .`.�. .,-,1� ,:�iyV � 4 � ' ?F � � f� j i ! �. y�� � � L ` ` . . K�.r�y: f �"� M � "i' :ii i - � f _3 4 t� F - � �� � � F3 Y - � ��, � `[ � z ;. • �,3 ' I '�' � �. xf ��`ss,'�{�'� O � 4 � : A � j� -=V � � ie� � � T� � 4 ' Y" y T / � r, ��•� t� r �; � �~` : ����, A � ' � �� . � � �� :.�. =. � �' � .Fyy , ' fk +9� i� �l 1 ` 4 ; z jf � . y s 1 r �r.. C I� �.��' 1S� ] �. �,5� e�±.�, : • � ^�.�a � �: Y t # . ' : �� : ? � ;� � :���,1 �� , s ;i , � .7 , 3-3�� '.. ._ `� ,�� m +� c� 1 1�� x � .'� 'b fl C1. y � ti i i'ec � � 1-� �-� ' �`r�,i _ .� �: C3a .�a 9S �'; ` *' � ,• � _ � a .� s. � �j� .= a� ra ��!.'��. - �� I Ra �� � +1 f] p� •'� ,'^ ` ���t � U� � � . �H3 �.. `��k;�f';; Q! r� � �� 3 �� � � � � � �, .'�i 7 � ��� � '!"d 1 * - �. �. : � �I 0 � F. � �i. � � � � �.; ` :a. � �1 b �� 3 !.` r! � � r 'Y; Q� .� � '�7� �:� � o � .` � . �;�'_: � � 9 � a < � b- � � . .. + �l ' ` � }�� �^�-k�'i� � :"y . �M - ..._a,. :� r . � �� - .�'� .�.` ! ?r""« i�. ' t : i �_ a: �e� � :;i:' ��f � . , �i.�, �� + , _ ` ,• � ^. � � _� � �„f � ,-° , �r' r T ��`� � � �r . „ �'` �. ; ' � � q � : J'� ' ��r�� ��' 1 � r � '� � � _ Y •... '� .. ti .� �� � � � ���, y y .d _ ���.. � � P r� _ ��� r ���{^ � . , ' � , �* �� ..S�i�l� � 1 fi � . � ; � r i � ,�`: _�� i Sr. ' C i � . t i '� _(- � ',�_ ,4'. � � � �r �� ' . ' e `�:{�� � `- �� `'� ' � � � ^ �� ti •�. � ��s� � ;,��� , �-- �f St F ; �� � `.�I . � '�,-�; _ �� `�`: � �� ,� �(�,;� � '� �� ,�['- �; i ' , � i�, � I � � � � �'`��� �, '� Y �F � f,F �. _� f ��»'' "" �i �� ` ��� �` '� 3rw.. � � � � + �� - ` " t �� < <t . i • . al : t' � 21 - ��! . � ��` �.'� � _�, i` ` r . s ��'� y � • ��� : y �����.t , . �. .�: - l ' '. J1 ;' 4� 4 � �l. � � L � �• ��Y� f �� 'yl' � 1 � + S � } � �� 4, �� . }�_�� � � �;..�� t _ i �. S rt'�..4�:�.�' -.�"ayj ' r �� 1/ � 1 . � ��'{ ��r ' 4 '� ��t : � ��. � �a`� - ' . . �!�'...�. .l � � t •-. i r� � �� •�� �-- !�. '��,.. , . �. �t <�`� � � ��t�. + 7 r �.�� ' �� ' .� . ��- N , i�� � '�� i: - � � ^.''. � .�.' 1 .J: - - .ii�.. .. -- .c '`} 1. — _ ��?��,�,a ._':x �_ . , + � . _� . � � - � �� r Some of the more ponuiar boat runs on the North 5antiam are: for sprznq chinook--Mehama to Stayton; for steeihead--Mehaina to the Forks; and £ar �rout--PacksaddZe Park to Mehama. On the Sauth Santiam, raopular runs arec spring chinook and steelhead--Foster to Sweet Home; and fall chinook-- Lebanon to Jefferson. Qn the main Santiam (Jeffersan to the mouth), heaw a use far ali fish runs but Qzimarily fished for fa3.1 chinook. Fish rvns are qenerally progressive; they start at the rnouth and worlc thefr way ta the heac3waters. I ta�ked with two aquatic bialoqists €rom the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife: Joe Wetherbee and Paul ingram. 7'hey concurred that seasonal runs occurred as fvllows: winter steelhead-�- November throuqh May; spring chinoak--last of May throuqh July 1; sumner steelhead--late Ap�il to Sepae�nher I; and fali chinook--durin4 the months of Seatember to October. Due to the i.ncreased use and resvlting crowcled canditions of the tradi�,ional white water runs on rivers such as the Rogue, Deschutes, Snake, an� C3�ackar�tas, the Santiam River system, pr�narily ti�e Horth Fork, has received considerab�e attenta.an in the ].ast few years. The North Santiam is, in fact, the scene of the annual white water parade taking place between Packsaddle Park to Mill City. Xou can even find white water enthusiasts who sav that the treacherous waters of the upper North Fork are as taxing to the ska.11s cf the expert as any in Ozeq�n. 0 - . .� �• ;... :,� , ,... . :' :�: ;,:,.� r � ' ,. i .. '��� ' . , y� •,y ,� ' � • � � �;��..+,:,�T�'� i ?T: . '}� �'1►riM ��� ~ r � �':.'1 r'y-%�: �� -�� � � •w� '� • ',��.:as:.�!"�' ��`-�,� � �1 + f �'� ���.�"'�- ;�" . a�- � 1� ` ..�.; -. � �'.i �1' . - � y y���� �''�0.1 r `- ' � ,��-a'-° "�-� � �p,; ., -, �; t. � •�c�'�:.. +-�- . . �_.• "; ,• „�':�. ;,��. -� ,.,,�'�, ♦ .�r' ,i -'►�- �!f � �r'T 'l S -'} �....- r "�: . � : � � ��� � � 5 , `� r .' �,c" ^..'� , , -•�- � � '�, a� +r" ay,es " '�'�. � � r• a-� '�� '` i� r� y t ♦ � i, K� _;,�..,,, . :. � r � � � r E " Y �� r �r ' '' _ . y, S _ r _ . - f�'i' _ -Y � ���.' i .�� • ���9. e�. 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't!'�7Mr'Mr.t���� . `"�`` -�il. � �!.rt'4�.�5, �.tk" � . , ' _ . ..+ . . . �....:w�.�.. � -:!� _ 'B . Y � f�-°' . - - � 3 �` r "> t�S�yY '�°� ,` +� � � . . 91 -... - _ _ ""'�`; -� ��-` r�t(,.� .. - � �. • `a � . . ,. � ► .,'� ' ._ . . -" - ,:rs �'�� . . . . '..,r �i1� �s� 1 "+' r .� . � . . ry ^ r, z� . . � _ .. .. . 4 . .. . . . ... ��. �' �` �` � �T . 1. ��`�'S �+.. � �' - a1Y� C^.r -� � .y�} �"" �_..� � . - :'_'"'�' � F ' !� � �'� .��'.. - }.'. �'[.. �` i. �',� J 'i-� � f� I . � l i~ � f - .� t�, y .� � �h r � � � � . .'� . + ....:/v �• . . -���ii �-.. �+ - . . W` �i � .. . ��� r ' h— � . - ! _Irr '�: i � `�� l '�i+l, p ��� � �� � . i a r r. , . � ,F , �.-y. , * =� .�, . : �'�r�. �: � •� , . .. �'..a'� � a _ �� '� R yb/1' 1 a..>. y . , i'�i� . wT� � Y r<g. �r � - y tt� v � � ,�° x . � ^I" .r �'- . _ .. � � � � . x � � , f _ T i s. .^. -e- . j :" f, - �.' r � fR-.Jy4..�fi.'f ���1�� � ` -�. � - , ! � .� . . ,� � � �" . .`� ' . .._. . ?�i_ ' . �:R.�� �F ;� �.-., +� _ �¢ a�': � �� �;#.'� �� i � r ,� r ` ry t:. f �. . . _ •.t��.�,i_...'�::.." `,-!n, SURVEYID PUFtTI�N OF` TH� SANT'I]�M RIVER On the Santiam River, Che ¢�ain stem and North for3c of the rivez was �eandered some 27 miles upstream and the South fork of tkze river was rneandezed some 26.5 mi�es upstream. Irt T�wrtship 9 South, Range 4 West, the river was meandered by �reeman in �a51 (Contract �.6, Vo�. 11, Pages 149-161}. Freeasan also meandered the river in Tbwnship 9 SoutYt, Range 3 Wes� (Contract 5, Vol. 8, Pages 509-524); Township J.Q 5outh, Ranqe 3 West (Contract 16, Voi. �1, Pages 350-380); and Townshin i0 So�th, Fange 2 WesL (Co�tract 16, V�}.. 11, Paqes Z58-Z72?. Alang the South Por�e �� th� ri�re� in T9w�shi� 1d South, �ge � west, one cla.im " inciudes the riverbed. Fro� t�is tawmsnip, Fze�nan proceeded to mea.nder to the Ptorth �ork of �he river in Tawnship 9 South, Range 2�test, in 1851 (Contract 5, Vol. 8, Pages 4�9-4z4) and Township 9 South, Range 1 West (Con�ract 5, VoZ. 8, Pages 307-3I8). '�he final township to be meandered a3ong the North ferk was Township 9 South, Rassge � East, by Preston f.n 1954 (Coratxac� �Q, Voi. 34, Pages 22v-23�). �iyde mean�ere� t.'�e Saatn fezk o� t�e river in Township 11 5ou�h, ftange 2 t+lest {Core�ract 1.9, �.IOl. 14, Pages 193-Z991. Hyde also meandered the Sout.i� forlc in Township Z2 South, Range 2 West (Contract 29, Vol. 23, Paqes 225-228} and in Townshi� 12 South, Ranae 1 West (Con�ract 29, �Iol. 23, Paqes 102-1061. x - __ ;:f s� i < x _ < � `�� ��� � � � �� p _ n o s ` � � - O � � � v `v in ' � '�- � ^ v O ' � n O 0 c 0 0 � � mv �n a� c i o- v � � � I � � � a 7 a � :� -- ¢ --- . .. .. �` J ` r w� \� - , . %' - - a..�, \'- �x� --- � , -� .- .,- J _J/r-- J s � r . 3 ^ ._. , _��� �_./ � _ � ��� _ _ —� z — '�'� n . . . , h_ . ._ . _ J _ _ . Q =-� � � _ ._ - �/ ,`. 2 _ / O " �� �_ I �_�"_ '� .� „ { � 1 e rr n �-���� The Saci�idae River uas not unlike anv o�her river system in Oreqor� du�ing nion�er tixnes. lZivers and s�ream� in thes� enrlv dav� wer� a�� 1QOked upon as �otentia� transpartatior� systems. ��i1dS.nq z�ads tr conrs��� the small comm��ities wit� larqer t�wrzs Was cor�sidered �conomic��ly ua�f�asi�al� far marry years, and railroads were just ideas arrd lots and �ots o� r�r� �so W�t�r transporta�zon bec�tte a ma�or consideration f�r salviraq Iogi��ics c��ob�.ecns. With the Santiam F.iver sy�tesa, t.�ae tzvo ffiain methods af traa�s� ��t���oa� t�at ar� of primary i,rx�ere��. in a a�aviqabilit}� stud}r rrere �h� us� of ste�nboats f�r sI�i�ping and lac7 drive� fo� suppiyinq bo�h 16ca1 a.ad distant mil�.s. '�hi� r�nort suq�orts the fact that steamboat shigping requ�arl.y t�oic p�ace on the Santians River durznq the iat� 1840s �o around 1870; until �`�� railroad passe� throug� Je?fe�son o� its �ray sou�h. Informa�ian �air,eci �z°onc r�searc3� i�t6 th�s ar�� st�ongl� ir�dicate� tfia� shi�Rninq �irst tc�ok ��ace at Svract8�� and Sa.ntz� C�ty (RM 7.4) and later in the 1@50s moved u� to .7efterson anc3 the Conser mi�.ls (�! 9.0} . St,rong indicators also pois�t to tize fact that shipping taok alace asinual�y at hiqh wat,er periods as the steamboats had vrablems navzgatin� at loW Wate�. �gboat� caane inta use on the Santiam arourid 191.5-m9�z'n�rt Towing Comnar�v towed �a�fted Iogs annuaily from Jefferson to 4�euon City until the 195(�s � Towiriq was also done d�rinq high wa�er perio�s-�i�ov�er to late .7une-� averaging aoproximate�V 10 mil.lion fee�. of �ogs azinually. Except �or an occasional excursion by a st�ar�oat to the forks and the tri� o� �he "Callio�e" to Lebanon, Jeiferson was the head of navigatio� for early �ay steami�oats as well as tu�boat activity �hat took �lace in �ater years . T3ie Santiam River from Jer�erson, OrPqon {RP! 9.0) , to tlie €orks {Ri-S 11.6) is very similar zn r�any ways to the cnannel in the vici�lity af .Tefferson �nd immediately c3ownstream. I�ctuall_y, the cnannel From 3effarson to the £orks is more susceQtible to naviaa�ion �han �hat �ortion of the river �elow 3effersQn due to ttie numerous sanc3stane outcron�ings �hat lend the ri�er additianai s�abilitv. �elow Jefferson, tne alluvial cl�annel is characterized �y numerous rneander �oons that nroduce iarge point bars and di.f�icult-to-maneuver turns. At the `orks, the North and South 5antia�s take on a very distinct sinuous r�eandesing character, decreased voliame, i.ncreased gradi�nt, and narrow ���annels--maning both r3�e ilnrtn and Sout.'� forks less susceptible for navigat�on by any cra�� ot!�er t::an cr�ft or iet �oa�s--used far recreation. Log driving is an entirely dif`4rent stozy. :�og �rives took �lace on a � major nortion of the Santiam River system. L�c} driv�s an tne :dort:i have �xtende� as hiyh up as Ida:�ha (P.:�: 7p.0) ; nowev�r, regular drives bec�an in the vicinity of Gates/�Si11 uity (Rr; 5�7.0) with tne larqer drives occurrinq fron 1903 :.o around 1912. Sma 1J.er cirives by local landowne�'s and small "�3Ypo" �vne o�erators were onqoinq ?riar to 19�� and continu�d up until t:�e la-� 1�30s. L�q drives beginning at �ates wouid generaily end at ilewherq, Sa1eM, or �recion City. Log drives averayed around 6 mi�lian feet 90 �er driv� w�;� two drzves pe- yea�e one in ��e sp�ing and one i,� th� fa1� T�e fa1� drive, hdweve�, was not always as successful as tihe s�ring dr�ve due to ��e un�redictiabie water �evelse Lng drives o�. t�e S�ut:� Santiam also exten��d for a cansiderable distan�� uor�ver. Log dzives reportediy began in the vicinity af Cascadia (R� 6Z.�) in an area the Crivers called "�Lue Lake"--�ocated apn�oximatel1 14 miles abdve Swe�t Hame. T�e logs w�re driven to Lebanon as well as Je�£erson, Newberg, 5ale�, and Oreaon City. Log dri�es beginning an some of t�e tti�uta�ies were also taken d�wri �he 5out� Santiam to the vari�us nills. tio�� af the f�cq�ent�y �sed tri�utaries were: ��d��e Santia.tn Fiamiltan Creek, and C�abtree C��ek< ' Like an the �ort� Santiaan, Log drives down the South was an annual act�vit �he Sautii reoortedly did nat produce ��e volum� of logs yielded by the :�or �i Santiam. Drives down t'rie 5out� usually totaled around 3 million Feet of 1og� per driv�. �he Norts'�, acc�rdinq tQ tnose interviewed, nad �nar� accessi�a�,� t�mber th.an the Sau�h. 'The Sautn Santzam, howe�rer, ��as saiu �o be a�,�ch easier strear,z ta drive due to its flatter gradiznt. Loq drives on �:�e idortn and Sout� Santzams were done wit.iiout t;ae assistance o� s�lash dams a� ot:�er structurps. Howe�rer, the tributaries of bot:� ~.;�e tiorth and Sout�� �eportadly used splas� �ams ex�ensively. AD�ENDUM S1�1dTIAM RIVER NAVIf�ABILITY STLTL�Y n., '-' I 3ames E. Farnel�, Ph.D. Research Analyst IzI DIV25iON 0�' STATE i�ANDS 5alem, Oregon Apri1 198� i�IORTH SAN`I'Ir1M `I`he foregoing text of the Division of State Lands' report on the Sant-iam River indicates that log cirives regu�ariy recurred on the [�orth �antiam trom al�ove Gates {RM 40).�� Besides the large Spaulcling drivES before 191.3 and the c}yppa operators' dza.ves as late as Yhe 193Q`s, other users aver a.IongEr time frame can be specified. The I880 Censc�s o� Nlanufacturers zndicates that two sawmi.3.ls in Stayton Precinct were receiving logs on the Santiam Ra.ver during I8�9, E�ugh MciVea}. and 5haw & Sims � -°i L���r Jose�h Pe�zel aperated a Stayton sawm�ill and regzstered his log brand 0 in May I9I3, Liens were p�aced on half a million �eet o� logs in the caa�any's 1920 drive fro� Mehama Bridge to Stay�n, He was still receiving lags on the ariver as �he Brown-Pe�zeJ. sawmill in 1923 and 103 prabably later. Besicies th� a��idatlts attending 3ag c�rives on the North Santiam recountec above, orher fata�ities anc3 mishaps occurred. In December 3902 a logger naxned McRae drawned in the river above Mi�l City while fastening a cab3.e acrass it for Curtiss Lttmber �d, 104 p �� n � ��y of the nexti year, Spaulding's lagqing fore�ran, Mi.3ce ricLaughlin, employed J. W. Bewley witii a team of horses to he�p clear the stranded logs and one horse was �'ragged back into the current and drowned.��' A similar accident occurred above Stayton in rlay 1906. Liens w�re �Zaced on logs at ;��hama in 1912 and other logs taken from Andezson Cree3c (Rt� 37.5?) � in 1935. 0 � With reqard to the �ew cirives fram Zdanha an whi,ch Archie Kimsey particiga�ed, 108 thep probab?v only wen� as �ar as D�troi�. where the Ti�nherman described the fol.lowing racility construc�ed by Curtiss Lt:mber Co. of Mill City in 19fl0:� [they] are cons�ructing a canal be*_ween their mill pon� and the end o* t Corvallis & Eastez'n spur on Breitenbush, for floating logs down to the cars for shipmen� ta their mill a� Mil� :.ity. 2`he canal is 600 feet lonq, 18 feet deep by 12 feet �,. cut through solid cement gravel, at a cost of 92 about $2,000, and wi�.l be boxed an �hF inside with lumber, with a floodgate at �ach enci. 'I7�� canal will alsd turnish water pow��r for loading �he �ogs, thereby saving the �xpense incurred by loading with steain. The company alsa intends buzlding a Iarge dam for the purpose of storin�} logs to be held in resexve for the winter seasan so the mills wiil be able to rt:n fu13 time. The State Fzsh Warden described �he dam at Breitenbush Cre�lc as being 25 feet high in April 1903. As the usage was apparently shortlived, depended an a. number of artificial aa.ds, and a.s li�tie documented, it is not used as a basis of State claiin. F�s t.o tributaries of �he Narth Santiam, the �ie drive from Elkk�orn proposed a.n 19Q7 (p, 53 above)� was nat a success. In DECe��r 1907 a lien was placed on 10,00� ties sca�tered from there to Stayton w�ere same were in th� Salem Cana1.�� Elmer Taylar of Mehama, whose fami.ly had a�ona�ion Land Claim at River F�iile 2 of that tributary, says tlzat �hE Brawn & Petzel lumber cor�any made an s;nsuccessful attempt to take logs �own the river from nis fatt�er's land when Elr.�r as a sr�il boy in the teens af this century. ��? 'I`herefore it would appear tha�. the Li��le North For3c was no t navigab le for sawlogs or timber products and the State wou�d not have a ciaim t.a any portion of its bed. SOCTTfi SANTIAM Aciditional infcrmation has come to light concerna.ng log drzves on the South Santiam an� its tributaries. In the �irst place drzves on the South Santiam apparently �ic3 not begin unti.l the L�ebanon Paper hii�.l decided to stop relying on straw as the priinary basis of its pulp prodaction and alternatively began to process woad puZp during 1903. � z�ediately there were no�.ices in the r,.t., ..X t...,..._�._ �a ...a.u,.. ..i......... ..i�..t� ..�.-. ..a .-.�.. a-1... c,...�t. LGUUiivii ieE+vSpapEiS vi �.aLii�i� diiu vuiGi V�JC1GtLU15 � t14l.11ly pulr+ wvvu �a«� uir .�vuu� 5antiam to float ta the papez mi.11, There were no notices of drives on the riv�r �erore that da�e. T"ie South Santiam was a large river with s�rong �lows which coula only be used in the period of receding waters after the h�avy spring freskxets 93 _ .. � �j�� ���i �y�i � ' `i F " R `�" �.,, � . � .A/f" z ✓�. , � '� ... � ' . � .. .- . �. ; -A � 1 � � � { :���,'J����'{ . �....,.+} � � .t � . - - F - i e: � f � . � � � . , . , _ , , '.. . .�L- � .!t� `- �. . .�, .. . . � ' � � � `���� .{l�� • � .�-�•� ' � j `� � �. � -� r i..' �.�f� . ' . _ a�Vir= �• �r+`J. ."�� . '3 � i�'..� 1r p.. � ' .G` � � w� ... - . _ �_.a ' . »"y`°�- � � �� r � y r�.� ..awN. ,y(ti+w�;M�•y�•sy��' ,-.�.; � `�. , t J. S * �� •, s� �6�'l''"`'�`: , i + �. �� .�� `a '� . t . �-..a- z „� �'� M . J4 "- ��t' `r' -� x , . x � �- �� , , . : � -� , -�. '' :: � � 'r- =�- ����,.��� -x -_•, ` `` . �, - 'r �- -� ��� � � � _-_ ° .�� �- y � r '�"-;'�--- -� � , . ;��.,�� � � �,__-�,�, +�: �r _ - � ,'�,' ' �� 7 �r-� --4 � � ,�--'� ��,,.p - �.�'�t,. - "��"�'.." � r "�=°--�.-.� �„�' . _. . . � . ` � rA��a: - -, _— , . _ .. N � , ir� �,,.`r�11�i�1.r�:ST . •' _ - �' . . . _ . - � . . � `;:` , � ''^ �. ' ' _ . _ � � ."'. � _ e -, � � ) ~ - , , � . , >`,_ S r- { �.-` , E t' � . - �i� y : �� r , � / �^., . .t� . - _ - ' � . . e�@,-- �;� c �,, .• 1�� ��ti`� , A s � � �` . � y � ,,' ` l r ' � � • � . - . .b '-'.t�;• : f l ~ -�.���± �� . ^ �� � _ . . - _ . . _ . . `. i' x.'?�� [ ! e. ;' � T . ��. . � � . �. - . . � �. .i .. - . " _' . . . . _ � � _' ' � y : '_ r �.:�_'"4 ��" `. » � —w- r + ` �ti.._ �.�Y- � � ! 't' 4 � .' A �rw�'r�y"L�l� i , � V• �.. 'l � � �Y.��trq,.� � � � �' _� . -�. �.� �F y ..` � . f � __ . . "`� ^a..... �-+.�.. � � �f ..r - - � � � ,���- �.. `��, ��:� �' . � �' �� r .s � i L'. I �f � ". j . . . - +ir-' � ' � r. �,:�c -. � - . ;� w:.: :'s c i •� �. � ' ' � . � . � ' ' . ' . -'f. `� 1 ' . : . . . ..-�.�c � - - y �. � _ - _ . - _ . . ._ �`-'�-F . . . . - �-- . 'd��.�.:��'r�`..�. ���. - . �: r� ,�� -�_ � ' � �w' �•- and required strQng hooms to ho3d the logs, sr it is dot;k�tfu� ir t1 river had been much used before 1903 for I.og tzanspozt. The fol�owing accounts in Yhe Lebanon E�ress Advance record the deve�.op- ment of cordwood and log flotation to Lebanon (Figs. A,B):�'� "Sodavil�e" Men ar� cutting wood for Mr. LaPorte near Snlatexl000 He raft.EB a large amotuit of waod on the Santiam to Lebanon Iast year and plans to c�o a bzg wo4d busi.n�ss this su�nrner. 17 Febr�arv 1903 "Sodaville" C. M. �aPorte is contznuing his waad cu�ta.ng business on the 5antiam near h�re Yhis winter. 20 Noveinber 1903 ...A force of about twenty-five men clid the int�restin� work f,�n] two squads, one on each side of the river. Several experts manipuia�ed the roll�ng s�ippery logs wi.tYs ease. _.aften taJcing the sma��est log to be found and runna.ng it smoothiy as a boat. In shallow places horses are required for the work, and the}� seem to en�oy it as r.iuch as the men...21'ro rafts are used for the horses and a larger one with a caver for the sleeping and eating arranqefnents of the �rip. It is hard and hungry work, and some days wouz mea�s is the order. Niar.y a duckir�g is received and par� of �he work itsel� is in the water. When the camp passes a town, the boys sor�times have a t�m.e....�esides the work o� driving, it Frseans �r�on# of hard work z, by a large force of inen. .. in felJ.ing �nd ra�Iing the logs into the water far thea.x long ride down stream, I904' The papermill is now recezving 600Q cords of wood c3own th� river for fuel. Pu3.p lags are no� to be cut until t�.e sap rises so they may be peeled. 14 ApriJ. 1905 300v c:ords of woad from Sweet Home area �or the paper mi3.1 arrived at Lebanon and the canal. on the 5outh Santiam rzver, ].6 t��y �905 'I7ie third high water o� the wzn�er was�ed away saw�ogs on the rii and wood of the paper mill. 5 Febn:ary 190 l 'I'!3e new sawmill of the Lebanon Lam��er Co. einploys men upriver for a^istan ce of 2Q miles qetting in logs and f3oatang th�m down to the r�il.l, It makes business in Wa�.erloo and Sweet Home. Z2 March �907 ?5 A sma�l rise in the river broUght over 12D0 cords of wood down to the paper mill. They were boomed a� 9 PM. 22 t�.arch 1907 1687 cords of wood cut in Pleasar�t Valley during the winter and spring for the paper mill are being thrown in the river. 28 June 1907 The paper rnil.l sent a crew of inen above Sweet Home to start a big run of wood clown the river. 3Q March I909 Nl. A. Bruer, Soclavill.e, has a big contract to get wood for the pa�er coinpany. 2�. May 1909 Vexy hic� water in the South Santiam. Large qUantities of cordwood and many sawlogs floated down the river. 23 November 1.909 N:. �T. Nye of Swe�t Home contracted for 4000 cards af white fir to be cut and f�oated down �h� Santiam ta the Lebanor� Paper Co. this summer. 29 March 1912 °Immense T�og Drive" L�anan Lumber Co. now has a farce a£ men on the S. S2sitiam making i.ts annual log drive. From 30 mzles above Lebanon on Whitco�n,t� fork af Santiam 4,004,000 feet is a�ready in the stream. hlors will be put in a1.3 down to Lebanon; the largest amount at rhe tttouth of McDOwe13� Creek. 'I'f drive wi.11 total 7�0OO,OdO feet by the time it reachas Le3�anon. There ha.ve been small drives in winter when stages �er�titted, but this is the largest in the histazy of i�1C iTilii. irr'. F7. ��Ou�Oii i5 u'a.r�Czi..iy u WCrjG. "Ycurac, tdan Drowned" Fred Sloan drown�c after helping break a jam on t t�orth Fork of the South San�iam S mi7.es above F`os ter. 12 April �912 "Another i�ian Drawned" Cenna.s O'Brien, 5C, drowned 20 niles above Lebanon and 200 yar�s above wi�ere S�oan drowned. 23 P.przl 19i2 "sweet Home" The Hobson drive pa5sed here Sunday. 2� May 1912 'I`t�e cirive crew found Sloan's body when �assing Waterloo, 20 miles be�aw whsre he cirowned seven weeks ago [Fig. S]. 4 �t:ne ? 912 95 . t � 1 �►_�.� ' ' . _ � • -�, „' � . '' . " :" ..' • , ' .' � ■,,,.�,� . r � r . . �..-��,. :�: ; w . ;• . .. ,: j: ! ' �ti " .i ' ��i�s' � I � � .ti' � � •N �"�i.�eJ s'.� •� �--' '� y � + � '�h.- �''* a ;�'y+ ��•,•'y�;�.' ±I�,"''.I- r � J _ _ � r�� � ,� _ ±� , N � .� : � . f � ,'r r?'. . , . .� ' l.t�"-}y_ .. � )+� �f� , t. � • 7?� -S�:• �=.s- � � , j� I tt�• s. 4 F 1 �! �►� r . 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' . _ ' .li � ♦ ��17� � �'�y�a��.�L.•�..w�.�' • *1 _i+�" _ . �� ' � S -'' '"" ��J � ,,Y � - _._�:,�• ; : _ r _ ,.'� y :1 -�,,, �,; - �y� � ' � � •' ,� -' � � "z,�r'� _;• .� �.- ' .. r �:�- -- '- � �"i:-... +� s ��. tr•�. � SA - _ � '. . . ' . ..�. % ,� 0 7/ ~' �1 ; � a ,�' ' �' � f � . - s . . -."�.'" �� f�V�..r� ' , .--}r<;._ �- . r �� -..,� ` � , _ . {� .� ;� ,s � � � •� •-� t � f : - ".`' jF�.� � �" �, '�-.-� �� � � �, � �� `: :1 � . -� �_ : � '�� "� :� r ,, � • :.� � - : ��:"'',- `::� o . � �:� .r_�. r : , " .: , ; . _ _ w _ y► .- _ . .i . � k . � � ► . _ - �� R. i��� �� � , . 1�,� �- , �i . . ' _ • +j � �' . • . . - •'� ! �. . - '^n - z , � � ♦ � •R, .. 1�.�.r���,� ,� r ��• �f..�� ' C> �- '.'_`• '_�� ..�:, i : , • - j� '• ;I. a ��� _ � =` �-. � � �!_ �- ��y . .�'r . �_� ' ii'S y� � �-- r� • H� .T - t�: .. ,� !. �+ .'' = �.4 y �-. ��� •r��� ■ 3 . � "'•� �; i � , j ';` � � -r � � �_; '� � '�_,: - y • • �'� ��� r � r "! r i ��~ � - ♦ . !•�.:. ' ,-rY, � �� 1.�/r-+: ��1�� ���� �=s�w�, :� `� , i �► , ` � 1 �1 . � + • �' I . , � �' �'; �• i � � +I� :� �'"� � -.+'� �� �`-%�`` - '�*`�!•. �° ; .� � .�•�-� �,,, .. � , . , , '�, ,� r . :, �. Y � j r � - "''_ — �" • „`•`' ..•." s ,�*- � y �� yy..rr y � r ' �. j ':.. �' ,�•: � " 'r. ` ��_�;�! � �.. . � ".�. �s.r1 =�. •,��. , I t.� �1 _�f r �s�.__ , � ., . ..•`� s ' ' f=- ,.A���F,.r•• ��'• � • ... . � - �r _ 1 f• � � i�. � - +~ � - �',a `� � � r � = � !� � , . :• � "'��. ��,�'l� , � � . _� ��. . -1 '� �. _�; � " � . , 1`. �'� �-� � .��% :' _ � �-`. �*- - /1� `x �[ �y�� y-+• ��. . � / •1✓ _ . dr. � �� 1 !_ i � � Besides these references in the Lebanon newspaper, th e Oregonian noted that Scroggins planned to float I.ogs d4wn Ch�adl� �ails arsd the L�banon canal. orh�n h� started up the I,ebanon �,um�er Company in J.907 (Fig. C) . During February of the same year, the Brownsviile Times` Moun�ain Home carrespanc3ent �eported that Martin artd Gus Bensen had a contract to place �ogs in �he San�iam for the Lebanon sawmiil and were cutting hear Swe�t Home. Finaily the Tim�erman predicted zn October L914 tha� Lebanon Lumk�er Co, would still drive the Sotith Santiam as it was the cheapes� way to get logs. Linn Coun'ty Laggers �iens also document the reaches of the South Sasitiam on which Iogs were driven. J. W. Phillips placed a lien on iogs he had driven for the L�anon Lumber Company between Decemb�r 28, �.909 and I�.arch 25, 1910; he claimed on; 800 saw logs being 400,OQQ f�et mvre or l�ss wfizch were cut in Linn County, Oregon, anu a.re unmarlced, save about 30,000 feet theseof which are marked thus H and X on one end of such logs and are now lying in the timber and on the banks gf and in the waters af the 5outh Fork qf the Santiam River in Linn Cot:nty, Oregon. That 370,000 feet thereof more or less are in the timbe� and on the �and of John Berry about four miles above Fost�r and on the East side of the saic3 River and are where the same were cut by the claiinan�, and are unmarked; and about 30,Q00 tEet are in the waters of said xiver or on the banks thereof between the plac�e where cu� cn tt?e said lan� abeut fo��r �riles �ove Foster (RN� 40 J and the MiII pond of the I,ebanon Lu�n�er Co. near the City o� Ler anon. R, H. Sharinghousen placed a lien on 163,728 feeti of logs mariced Cizcle s he had cut and �laced in the South Santaam three miles below Swee�. Home (�" 3p) between " Jant�aYy 1 an� ��Iay 8, 191i for the Spaulding Logging Company, H. M. Bawser f�led a lien on 1,�00,000 f�et af logs he had �h rown in the South Fork of the Santiam at River Mile �0 tar Lebax�on Lumt�er Co., branded Circle H and L.L.Co., between �pri1 4 and �'.ay 31, 1913.� Roy �. �llio tt, wha gre�a up in Sweet f3ome and par�icipated in a drive ror the Le�anon Lt:mher Company during the 1910-11 season, d�scriY�ed both th e corc- woo� and �acr �rives at some length in this book Pro�iles o� Progress: 98 An early phas� of the Sw�e� Home economy was the cutting of white £ir cordwood for the naper mili. The trees were felled and bucked with crosscut saws into faur-foot lengths..... The measuxe��nt of a cord of woad was four feet in width, =our feet in height and eight feet in length_ In cutting the wood two men worked to ac3vantage together, and sinder ave�age conclitions were able to saw, split and pil.e four to six cords per day b�tween them. Several thousand cords of white fir wood were cut annua].ly in tt�se Sweet Home a�ea. There were few families, i� any, �hat were not benefited in one way ar another by the project..... '�'lie corchaood after being measur�d and Zeft for a certai.n drying out period was then ready to be hauled, by team and wagon, �o Yhe rivex bank. There it was piled i.n tiers ZO to 12 feeC. in height �or furt�her drying out. When the haul.�.ng was finished t�he waod presen�ed a solid mass, tier af�er �ier, from the brink of the river bank to the Lebanon road....The image af �hat enozznous woodpile is still vivid in my memory..... T4ze final step, for the white fir cordwood from forest to mi11 was the river dri.ve from the High Ban�CS [F�g. A] to the mi1l a� Lebanor:. The day the wo�d was d�nped intia the raver �nd the drive started was one of excitement for the Ss�aeet Hame community. The moving of cardwooc3 from �he river banks into the wa�er was, in most part, done by hand labar. t�There practical harses we�e used and the front tiers tight-lined into the water; on the �iers farther back sleds were tased to advantage; but the work very largely was manual Ia4�or imple- mented �y a wooden chute down the steep banks into the water. Ti� was o� the essence. 'Phe over-ri.ainq avjective was to get the waod zn the water an� on the way at fhe ap�ointed time, and with the minimum of delay. �f fartunate enouqh to catch the river at a fairl_y tmiform stage or slightly ris�ng, th� wood woul.d go through to �he mill aJ.i=�nst unaided and with minimurn e�ense. Canversel.y, should th� rzver fali shargly, r�hand�.ing flf �he wood was necessary and ti]^.e job became time consuming and v�:.-y exp�nsive, Highwa�er �reshets wer� a cQnstant m�nace ar.d di.ligen�Iy avoided whenever possible. A ri�er drive consis ted o� several tho�:sand cords of waod, and unuer favorable canditions wo�Id extend fram paint oi b�ginning to the mall. The tim.e required, depending on water conditions, would nary from two weeks �o one month, 'Ph� day's work consis�ed of 10 to 12 hours on the job - no over�.ime pay. 4de� ciothes to wark in, and oftentis�es a damp I�ed were al� in the day`5 work. The waqe rate rang�d from L�ao to three do�.lars per day with baard, aszd thEre was no s�orta�e of help. 99 A pert�.ble cookhouse, often a flaating one snolmted on a raft and called a wanigar�, moved along with the drive, Ti��e dining tables were loaded with palatable anc3 who�esome food. Aftex supQer a rous- ing bonfire was lighteci �o dzy clothinq; there was conversatian about the �ob, story tell.ing, and sometimes the sinqing of folk songs be�ore �.urning in for t.he night. No one returned home for overriight. The day's wor3c was tao �ong and tzring, and means of transportaCion too slaw a.n those days. It took but a�ew years to skim the cream of this superior specie of �imber and tn relega�e it to t13e category of limited supply and vanishing specieo.... * * * THE LOG DRIV'ES * '� * The alarm ' Man Overboa�'d!' ecl:oed ahave the noise of the river. A rewboat shot inta the current and hastily moved toward a man strugqling i.n the water some d3.stance away... Such a nappening was comtnonp�.ace and all in a day's wor3t on a Iog driv�. The swollen waters of the South 5antiam River tested the skill and the coura5e oF an experienced boatman.... A mtsstep on a floati.ng or revolving �og, or in the surging flood waters sometimes resulted in disaster, as was true an one drive on which twa men last their �ives..... Prior to �he coining of the railroad and the gasaline motor trucks to Sweet Home, the xi.ver was the transpor�at�on route for saw logs, and the Scroggins SawmiZl a� Lebanan the principle source o£ demand,.. � 4rdinarily, 25 to 3C men were employed.....There were �0 or 12 of these men in the ganq on the pa�ticular drive on which I also woxked..... '?'he zem.azkabl� skiil a� thESe rivermen in handling a floating �og �•��z a peavy c��.s scr.ietk�ing to behold: 'i'hey would stiand on a small log near ane end and, using the peavy as an aar, talce the Iog across rhe river with the ease of an ordinary xowboat...ali the while simul- ating the agility af a cat by standing on one foot and scratching the water with tha calks o£ the oth�r ��r Yh e benefzt of spectators. Irish D?ike Cosgrove and French Fa�.ph Blanchard were the star persona3ities of these as of other log drives in tY:a Wil�as�sette Basin, Besices the Le�anon `actories, Fred �vo��li, who haci at 1eas� ane saw�ll on Fiiley �.reek at Foster (Figs. IrE) , also drave logs on t.kie Snur.h Santiam. A lcqger nar.ted Brady delivered a quarter r,iillion feet of sawJ.ags to Wodtia's millpond c�wn Triiley Creek itself during November 1901, but �here w�r� con- lOfl �� . :� -�� r �. e:.:: � � � . , ��1� ` ' z •: �' s -; . � : ^ 1+ ++w� � '"' � ! - �6. ' - ��-..s.,r . c . . __ ��.�: �` �•• � :'4.-i. -'�;-� ��a;:� r - - �, � � �� '`` , �, r '-� , c� . �. ••, ,' � v �� -��„`-� ; �,� - - ` .T � `�'"�++..—�r - . , ; ��:! ,�' � : r � '� • ��� �. y � �� �T�� �L i+-� � � +d � .�} �'� . -?? 1� .�� —�a,,.'�'_� � , .+:: , f � :� , ��-y ' - �+�: �� t t ' + - .,��� ` " _ - -• �• ' ' —. � .��. � � �a' `` � , .'� � �\ �.. � y ��' �- ' --:' g � � ,•, - -+� _ ' : . 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" _ ��; _ g" `� , = ! � � .. � • - / r "�1 L �� r + ; r•'�r .. _ , . �r� �� � �? r,�• C �. �'�r� �� � � . , � �� _ , �:-=.�- g - , ' �� . � ,�� �� � �. � � "'� �t _ i .��4 �`.�,.'",:- -- � _� �'.�'�� +� �- � � �� .W._-�� ': r!�[. T� 4 �� ���": ��' ��' ..��A� �'�� . � � ` � . , = � _ �.. . $ �;� S :� *' . . -. , _ +.� � -s� ��4 i� '� , . + � -. � siderabie difficultzes in the dravP teading to a lawsuit and there is no other information about the vse of that tributary for log driving.�� �he Bro��rns��ille Tzmes report�d that Wodt�z and the Bzady boys were veYy anxious concerning their saw �.ogs because ex�reme high wa�ez in early �'ebruazy .I907 �.hreat�ned their navigation down the riv�r. It was not tuztiil Jaauary 1911 that Fr�d WodtZz registered hzs brand for logs to l�e driven on the South Santiam. Ano�her "os�er sawmil� awner, William Mea3.ey a�so fl.oated logs down the Santiam River (Figs. C, H}.� A lien by Roy To�bert vs. F?ufford and 2•iealey prabably re�ers to tiheir operation. Tclbert claimed a lien: upon Iogs being a�out four-hundred-thousand-feet, rr�ore or �ess, which were beinc banked and throwed into the Santiam River �rom [R2�I 39 ] ar.d marked thus : X, with a blue cross, and there are now lying in the Santiam R�ver abaut one-hundred-and-thirty thousand �'eet of �ogs, and abou� one-hundred-and-seventy-thousand feet of Iogs �.ying in a siough on the abov� described land, an� also abou� one-h�:nc�red-rhousand f�et of logs are lying where ti�ey were cut {between February 20 and April 28, 3.913) , 5outh Santiam Tri� utaries As the abov� account of the imm.ense cirive of 191i on tt:e Sot�th Santiam indicated, a�arge access a� lags was expected from rlc�owell Creek. This �ri.bu�ary {Fig. I) had had a long his�.ozy of log driving use. Details of �his history were given duzing Ma.y 19�2 as testimony in the case of Lebanon Lumber Co, v Leonard (58 OR 147), Mr. R. C. Watkins, then aged 56, who had � lived near rhe creek for 45 years tes�ified thati logs. woac� and sha.ngl� tir��er rad been floated on t+!clJowe2Z Creek for a0 years. '�`Y:e =irst person he fcnew i drove iags on it was �axvey r•iint, a rormer Sneri�z of Linn �:aunty. .-?r. 4datkins moved to N!cDowell Creek when he was between 12 and �4 years of age {�P68-70) and the next winter Flint drove irom about L.ro t�iles up tihe creek {Fi.q, I} �ast the Watkins' new homE to his sawmill a� the tt�outh af th� creek. 104 - . , �r - r e i • . � e �- '��� � . ,. � �:? �-.+ ` K � -x:. ''� � � _ . � � � . , .i ➢' . �, ��. � � . - . - ,�r' i . . . _ � . - _ , . , . _ k � . " � ��Al„ �- - ' . ' . � _� x "- . �~�� � � . � .,. � . i r . - . '- - . �. � . • ,,. �. i �,.,� , • ' , , ' � .:� . � �� • ,., , . j , ��°-��t - � � t , `' �� .' , �_.. 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Y ,�.�"��r'� ► }y' � t�� ' �.�=� ,� �.,r ' ��++«��7�, .�.q��.,. ti s .r ,� �+�.� •'�.�+�F ±?• a"'r�'-����1 - : �,�iq : � 5 �,,.} w.� .�W - .t..... ��v� �"---y � '�--"' aa �'k-a• ' r �_'n,.t� 2. �?�k , r.� r .l , : r:' c : `- � . +' . +s � 'y � y ,,._ti t� � � �•�i.+n,tac �_'_ _ •;,}.• �ti j w�� . t ` . ` .� �,oy }a -.. r� ' �P7 � k�� i i,. "' ?,.� '' �'�'* -�, .�� � :. � ..+s:�,� � ;• '► °"�. � _ ' F .Yyr'.� _ T� `:'�" �: 3 '� Y. :"' Z .�� "^`-� • �"'J�'iTSI -,'.�'� .��_. ��-.:. "� -. . � *7 � ;� r i _i � �t, i . •- 6datkins wi�nessed drives by F3.in� �uring two-three seasons. He was succeedect as owr_er ef the r�i�..� anc� driver of ��cDowell Creek by Price & Nickerson. They drove four or five years and Mr. Wat�cins once worked on their drive when th�y tAOk logs aff the 4latkins piace (Rt� 1.5) and a mile or so above. Next Ross Huc�hrey and John Devine then drove Ioqs down the creek to the saine �ill £or a nu�r�be� of years and again Watkins worked on a drzve ane season, he believeci in the year 1883. Hump�reys opera�.ed the �ni�.l arid drove the stream until about 1890. �iaf]c�ns judged tha� it was a floatable stream, "I've drove on severa� streams, and it's as good as � ever drove on." Lat�r Lebar�on Paper riill drove paper cordwcad down the creek and Watkins too�C down four toot shingle bolts suffici�nt to manufacture 100,Oa0 shingles, Though some sawlogs were hauled to t'�� saw during the su�ner mon�hs in the early period of logging, most o� �he logs were taken ou� on the creek during the winter fres�iets.�' �. Wii� Sout2:, aged about �4, lived with his grandfather between r*cDowe31 and �?ami� tor. Creeks when he was a ve�y small boy and r�merc�ered his grandfather helping Harvey �miY.h drive hicDOwell Creek. He confirmed that Price and Nzckerson and then Ross Humphrey drove 3.ogs ciown the creek. After tha� there were Z� 1oy dr:i�cs ori i.i.e strear;� un�ii i9v i wneri tne uei�anon L�.uni�er Coripany aegan t:o r:�ke drives. 5out'.'t� worked on thea.r drives on the cree?c and himsel� tcok ou� large �uantities o� paper wood for the Lebanon Paper Co. He also knew o� sringle boits being floated down the creek. South roomed wi�h Steven Powell, aged 5?, who :�ad participated in one of Price and Nic}cerson's drives tharty to �hirty-�ive �ears before in which some 200,000 feet of sawlags were taken dcwn �Y:e creek. :•�re recentiy he had also driven the creek for Scroggin on a crew of six men �i�:� a horse t�am. East and NIr. Swink, a local `arr�er, a3so participatec ��it;� nFr� an t.�;is dri�e.� 108 J. C. �vine, wha had been a partner in the sawmill from 1871-z876 with Price and �Iickerson and again in �.881 with R4ss :�umphreys, confirmed that they had obtained their lags by £lotation down the cree?c from at least a mile and th ree-quar�ers above tihe mouth, Principal testimony in the case was given by P. M. Scroggin, President of L�anon Lsurh�r Ccmpany, and f�y W, H. Hobson who wes in cnarge of his log drivinq operations. Sc�ogair, testi�'ied t,hat their company owr.ed ianc�.s 3 miles up the creek from w�ich they took their logs:� We p�t those lags inta this creek during the sLUnmer month, when it is good wea�her, an�' aZong the banks, and during the winter fre5hets we run them down the stream about two mi�es and a half wher� we have a storage pond, anc� then a.long in t�} spring of the year, when the water is suitable in the river, we open ug that storage pona and �ake those iogs out. �'he reason for s�opping then in the storage pond is that during th� winter r�nths the river (5. Santiam� is generalZy too h�gh and it is c�anqerous to come out. W� have a large amaunt of 3.ogs in the Santiam FZiver now that's been brouqh� down, and when this �rift comes down *Y:ay are all pu� pu� �oqether and taken �o the mili at one t�.me. S actua3.ly worked on the drives using a peavey to i:elp dislad�,e logs, usua�ly fro�n I2 to 24 zeet in leng�h tha� jammed aqainst obs�ructions. `I'here had been considerable trouble wi�h t.he 19I2 drive of a mi�3ion feet ot ].o�s: 'rhere is probably from tcao to three hcs�ared thot:sand feet that zs s�rung along the creek that we haven't rolled in arid brought down, and some clear back �.o the logging camp; probably eigh��• or ninety r_housand fee� �h.ere. Histi we have probably �-n tir�er there forty r:u..�lsons al�oget'r3er on tliis tract of �and. Scroggin �urt�:er testified that the Lebanon Paper Nlil.� nad been getting p�a wood cown ��TcDoweJ.� Cx��k si.nce 1905 and continued to us� t.he stream during Tne years his iumi�er �U�any was dr� ving it. Alt}:ough the Oregon Supreme Court dec���d that i�!c�owell Creek was no� a navigab_e wa�es�ray and prohibi�.ed tur�k:er drives ot� the stream, ti.e evidence in trie case woul� seem *..o inda.cate that Usaqe m�t the Federal test �or navi- gability as:d that the 5�a�e a� Oregon therefore has a claim to the lower fe��r 109 miles of its bed on the basis or successfu]. �ransport of logs and tamber products on its surface during a periad af some �h irty years. TestimQny in Lebanan Lumber Co. v Leonard frequently referred to parallel drives on Ha�ilton Creek. �`t3e i880 Census reportied that J. G. Peed's 5ons ha� a sawmi�I at the mouth oE this creek and obtained their logs on it. � Other references are to the period from 1907 when the Lebanan Lu�nber Co. had ti�er holdirgs an hamiltan Creek and used it to fioat out sawlogs.135 Cassa A, woal.sey placed a lien nn 833 saw�ogs marked M and CircZe S cut between November 26, 1906 and June 23, 1907 below �Yee �a].ls of the creek some 3-a mi�es above Ber�in �� g _ 1 � } . 136 �.,e same season W. H. Hol�san was �alcing ou� a large drive trom th� stream for a sawr,iill in �3efferson; One o� ihe largest l.og drives 2ver �loated in this secta.on is now being made on Ha�i3t�n Creek by W. H. xo�son. '�here are three mi3lion fee� of iogs i.n t.he drive, and this q�ntity of timber is bea.ng floated down Hami3.ton Creek into the Santiam R�ver. The logs wi�l. be taken to the �7efferson sawmi.l l . • In I912 Hobson testified tha� during the past four years he had driven logs out of Hami.lton Creek far F�ebanon Lumber Co. �� Scrogc}�n c3ESCribed their 1912 139 shcna on �'a� ton Creek : 5�1e ran outi this year about five days, getting out af 4-iamilton Creek with our logs. It las ted �hat long this year...We ran th�m out of Hamilton Creek a distance of about th ree miles �o the m.i11...WeI1, the cree3c there is only ahout four miies long. We took...at that time over a million feet of iogs out of Hamiitor. Creek, and it is a creek that is jus� th� same as NcDowell, only at isn't as good a creek. We took thase out between �he first and sixth of i�ay. We didn't i�a�le ver�r much rain, either. C. I�. Swink a�so testified to driving �ogs on Hamilton Creek. A third �rib utary of the South 5antiam, Crabtree Creek (Fiqs. K, L) a�so sustained log drives. As the aUove Div�sion report ind�cates, the Linn County �.10 '�� ` '� �j�'�i'.�r . �. . .. ' •: I • . r. - ♦ ` � ��.� . . "s�-j � � _ .... . . . . . . . � .� -�� I �'� � . . . _ . , � ' � � s . . � _ . . �; '��� - '" . . . ' _ _ Y v�t � . f�'��* '���'� ;�, �f� � • � . 'Y_.. �`'�� ��"�$�. �'L+.� "' . . . . � �� _.,;�:.�% -. ' ,«. , r � L ��� ��.^ � � ',�� �_ � .. •:+41� - _ ' ' _ M� � i��� i , . • � 3 . . . .. . . " . .� -�, a -, , '_9�•,L��tiR1Y'�.'c�+� -'F.�. r i � '� i - =,�. �� �=� h:^.� e" �• e � � �1r _ r � � ...;, `r` ` � s "' f _ ,:��, h� _ _����— ` // � � Y r l �� � � �Tt r -� � � � �: ��+° ' !' - '4�?�i �Sl` � ��ys�°�.d.�.f.-. �,y < . ���E i':��'.�� - :'�_� � 4 T3`1jr � �ih �*dL�a� s � -_ ' �« �.41 ,r � t y''. ti i��"" �C �`% � 33 �� -+ A� t '�v +" s,?.." � f i � � r �yx ► X�y���,it �, �++ L"'•.� - a+v= � ._ : � � n y `� 4 � � ''. •' . ♦a . ''4 ' ' . _� ,.����+!!K �i '{ � t � �„_'?� y 4r�r.,� �� �. gt.- `.5�. - �� ��. �! � , -, . _ ` ( ' = � �.-' Sa � y �.�a. � �� _ �, 4 �. "� ` � �� r� � . e�. r . 1� �. ��l F . _ •'•- Y' i ,�. �`. �.� 7 - � ~ �"r� ��#��. ����y� � �_� - v . �*�! � � � .��� - ��.�. c xaa� y , �-, y a.�`. ti... ,�„� � - ` ,�_;�.+ �. - � �er..�9' ti""a'e'ri . . y` rc.o`�.�i -. ,� w��'"� �. r ��_ ,�t� � --� _# �w\.'7`�� ���� � .� . � '�+��_'C—: ;� �- � � - _+ w�+�r:,'� �..'a`�� IlO C . . . . i . �y� y � � � �;��,, `s..Jf'i,�c.ti` � 4 �t . K �-N't ., �-.�4�9�vr�:; ...�- -�. - �;'. � 'R *Y• , : - �r�-� �� _ �:` -C-� �. . . w:+.at�..�...�.r . � ,, :Y �'% C , .' �.`1�:..�s. �+..��.,_',. . ' - . ' . : � ;"�_` ... . �.: ;� Court dec�ared Roaring Creek and Crabtree Creek �o the Santiam River �o be highways for floating an d transporting �ogs, t�mber and timber products on August 3, 1892 (p. 60). This usage led to some vioJ.ence on �he stream,� 1�ut it se�ms to have regular�y sustazned Zog drives �h ereaf�er (see above p. S9):� 'Santiam' The Spaulding crew is busy ro�linc} logs into Crahtree Creek for a big drive to Oreqon City. 29 Apra.� 1904 'Larwoc3d' Spaulding Logging Co. has logs on the bank of Czabtree Creek near here prepared to float 'them down the creek. 6 May 1904 In ,7ar,uazy 1907, �3. Ba�tron testified that he lzad driven logs on Crabtree Creek.� Q�er drives took place on Crabtree Cr�ek in 1912 and 1.915 and probal�ly Iater:� 'Crabtree' Lebanon Paper Mi3]. Co. is getting 1500 cords o� wood from Lacomh country float�d down Crabtree Creek an� loaded here on 13 [railroad] cars. L. G. Miller also is sending several cars of chair wood �or A�any chair factory. 28 May �912 John Hobson 3ost a hors2 du�ing fhe wood drive on Crab tree Creek. 26 March i93.5 As for the last larae tributary to the Iower Sou�h Santiam, Thomas Creek, �. Bartron claimed in 1.907 t.o have driven it as well as Crab�ree Creek. �.4 5 Leland Prather recalled that Ral�h Blanchard and ,7ohn �ay cantracted to drive a Thomas Creek but said they prac�ically lnad ta carzy the loqs o�t. In 1915 zt was reportec� from Jordan (Rt� 19; Fig. M? thafi. Lehanon Lumber Co. had a pulpwood dri.ve on 7.'fZOmas Creek. L47 �e usage, . thQUgh �.i.�ited, wou].d seem to indicate that '1'homas Creek was a highway for commerce. With regard to the estuary of the Santa.am, Lreland Prather testified that both McCartney Slough an� Crooks Cree3c were both used ta talce out hardwood logs 11� '"c�; �� S ' '� e R � � rr. � . r _ �� .►� ,r 3 t�►� I t �: � �'- : er'^�' �br� � i' 3 ', ,v,• ��'" � • "': �"�� �-��:: . w- .,. :- :� iy+ J y :�'•: y y "rt+ r�� ' ' K ,,r - ! : ._� �F��`��.F N r �_ . M +i►� ."� ^:- . ._ " . 7 � v . �: � � •� i - � '....+.: : `'ry #'� � � 4 + r i �i a t4'-;• a� ' � `� '�� . t };�� � �,} ��. �,��" . ' . -. � - . .. •� � � _-� . - j.-[•�+�=�+r..-_:.. c^ a.�,:�"9�+ ' `,� . ' - ,. ...K' � � � ,� ="_ "'_'',,,��,� _ . . _,�.� �ti±3.:.,� _ � � �-. '- �`+-"`� '.- � � ' ��..G: ..�"'r�" s� " _ _� "r � y . - -_..i.::yi�'_ M.Miv����r'}I �' -�.� - Y�`.� }�� � __�r�;� - . , . - � y�� ��� -� - - - o.:�..i: �,4 - :.xt�; w` -._ _ ._:�.. ' - T1rt!%; ' - . � -.<� �• � ' _-_ 'a� • . ' ~�•� . ~�' �• °�-��' �'� s' � if .Ix�_ . '�l�� ' y 7 � ; -�#� » � s �� = ' ��� �; � R �� �1� �rfi+��'� S ' � -- � . � � _ T _�3�� �'r ��j�F � � •, ' � • �! .. ��ti.� ` r - oj�{ � �i � � �. � 44 ;. � ' ,��\ \r +, Y �� i .�� � :" ' -. ��� . ��• . . _, .,w. .. �.''�� " . .- _ , _.. � • . �� f � .� . - '=` ..� �, � � . . .. ..M �a �� , - - . , �;�r•�w�,•,�~.� r _ - . . � . •►- - .. i . i� " '"*� - `+. :r+ �- ''�. _ _ � Y' y .i ��-_ � ' ti.s� � �•��= �;� _'-'1CT�. .�� - ` .��'� -r:� 'M-..� _ - - �- - . ., '��- - - ""`�. � - �;-��-.� . _„_ _+� . . � � _.___ __^ 11�, _.,,.� � �r� - �- ' ' ry � ���� r� �: �� ��.X4w� �F�.� . _ :��F ' �tir � �-� � � � ,.t ��•, Sn. - te�.ri`.w.�l.��._ ���' ���:R'�� 4� y ���J.� ��, K �' i ��' -3 t ']► - _d y�:��./!':Y � `��i'i ♦1rS� _ �y�+ .. . �� � '4 �... [ r� { 1 � � ��!•� ' �� r � � �� I . � _�� 4 e �,Tv�rl y � 'y - _ t � � ! , --� � �� � {� ., ��` � �' J '���~' ` ; j �- �� �rt .. � . .. r � + .�. E ' �!•x'"" -.: j . .�' �' � � :1. f �� ~ i �: � ;��� _ . � _ :�j6. - F � t : t �,��� � � :. . . j..� - 1�r� . . Y� .��.�� � • — ��. ' � s .�� �, �.�, ' ' <.� �" . � is - . `' ���. =:�' Y ' ��;."�� .� #� �� • �3 3 •A �� . - � � z ai .i.� . ..� . _ -� _ , � f ° _- a C ; �_-. � - - ,. _�• .� � . - : '�`. ..,,s; � ��;�� _ _--_ � _,. .•��-_..,..w.�,,..:�_.. .� -. �� r_.�. � - ;'�,��� F ���1� = � � ; � � , '� �= . �is 4 �t .. �� � � � � = j � y _ ��� ", t '�� � r f �,� '�'� lt' � �� ��� . �r �� V^ �x� _ �� �i.�_�� E�,?,�.,�_� �•�,.�;W��:� usec3 by Doernbacher Furniture Co�any.� D. M_ Cooper wrote �.o Chas, K. S�aulding about his use ot r�cCartney Cree}c in 1897: I will comm.ence Putting out L�gs for you in a few days. Wi].1 put the I.ogs in my Boom at the mouth of the McCartney Creek under 1�pes & Dogs on the Same terms that Holt & Metsgar do..... A.Lbany , �ax� . 14 th �.89 7 There was a Big .7am of Drift I.Qgs in the McCartney near its mouth which had to be removed before any Lcgs could be got tA the Eoom ;ahich has caused the delay in the matter. WY�en we got the �7am out there was i0 of my Logs went with it, wish yau would loek ou�. far them..... A�bany, Apr. i0th 1897 � 114 C�NCLUSZON On the hasis of the above facts of navigable use, the S�a�e o� Oregon has the hasis for a claim to the bed of the fo�lowing waterways in the Santiari Hasin: WA'£ERCOliFLS� tI�P�R LIMIT UPPER LIMIT - APPRI]XINIATE LL)CA3'IQN Santiam En�ire length Above Jefferson i�orth Santiam River NSi.le CO Above Ga�es South 5antiam River i�iie 48 Beiow Cascadia Middle Foxk River M.ile 8.8 �uartzvxlle Cr�ek t?cI]awe 1� Creek :4a.ver Mz le a Hamil�.on Creek River I�iie 9 Above Berlin Crabtree Creek :Ziver [�4ile I7, 5 I�aring River Thomas C�eek River Mil� 20 Above �ar�an McCartney (McCarthey) Slough Entire length Croo}cs Cre�k Raver Mile 4 ll5 A P P E N D I X BIHIsIOGRAPH�t B(?OICS Ba.ncraft, H�er°�, Ha, Histary of Oreq�� �e1�. G. (e�. }. Oreqvn Blue Soak 1975�1976, publi.stxed �� Cla�r �lyer� o Secretazy af State. Carey, Charles H., History of Ore oc�n. Clark, Down, 91ue, iiistory of Oregan Clark, Rabert C., History of Willame��e Vallev �regon, �� .7< ����tce — � __. .. __ ,.. ,,.. P��isk�irag C8. , 1927. Carniilq, �i�aa�d M. , W�l�aanette Landings , Oregan Hist�rica� 5ac�e�, 2nci ed�ticax�, Gla�� Dahlstzom p�znting, i947. Dsew, Harry .7., Stream Naviqa�ion. Gi�1, F°. B. , Or�on S�xeam �iaviga�ion. G�3,�, �`. �, , ur�finishe� �is�o af HaviQatior, iss are e�r� a�id wasi�inaton Eiines, H. IC. , I�lustsated Histor�r of the State of 0�°eqan� Lockley, Fred, Cnlumbia River Va11ey Fr�m The Dalles to th e Sea, Tt�� �. .3. Clar4ce Pub�ishing Co. , 1928. I��rsci�. V�x°� Martin, E'ree Land for F�ee yer� Artlin� Prir�t�ag, 1973e M��l�c, F�d�11 V� . P, Histo of Transnor�ation in the Paci�ic �rthwest. 2�il.ls, Ranciaii V., Stiern-wheslers Uv the Columbia Pacific Boaks, i947. �tul��r�, F'loyd C., Lan� of I,inn palton Printing. i971a New���. G�rdon, �Sarine Historv af the Paczfic Northi+est ne�eii. voraon ana �riiiianisorr, Jo�, Paci:ic Ltuniaer Shi.ns Robexts, 3�an, Elkhorn and Mehama Sco�t, fiaxve�, �Tisto of Oreqono Smi�, Frar�l� .7. , MarinQ Record o� Oreaon, 1850 - I917. Smi Ux, E°zank ,7., Oreg�n Steam Naviqation. '�i�nen, F'ritz, ,�1ow For a Landing Caxton P�in�ers, S�t�,. , i973� Tucker, E. w., History of Oregon BOOKS (cont.? Waggoner, George A., Stoxies of Old Ore on. Wallinq, A. G., History of 5outhern Oregon Wright, E. W., Lewi.s and Drvden's Marine History of the Pacific Ka rthrres t . 42EPORTS - PERIODICALS Advisory Cammi�.tee to the State Land Board, "Qregon's Submerged and Submersible Lands," 1969--70. Advisory Co�eittee to the State Land Boar�, "Oregan's Suk�merqed and Seibmersihle Lands," 5ecand Biennial Report, December, 1972. Bureau o£ Municipal Research and Service, "Sweet Home's Podulatifln and Economic Resources," U of O, 1959. Crown Zellerbach, "A Brief Histarical Sketch of Lebanon," 1942 and 1950. Lane County Hi.storical Society, "Lane County Historian," Vol. 18, No. 2, Sugmter, 1973. MacDuffee, K. M., "Navigation - Upper willamette R.iver 1846 - 1936," A report to the U.S. Corps of Ehgineers. Marion County Historical Society, "Marion Cocznty IiS.stozy," 1958. Moun�ain States Power Company, "An Industrial Survey of Staytan," Civic Service, 5aiem, 1�SI. Oreqan Historical Society, Oregon EFistorical Quarterly Voi. 32, Ho. 4- 1931 Voi. 32, �Io. 3 - 1931 Vol. 44, No. 2- i943 Oregon State Depaz�tment of Fores�ry, Forest Log, Octobez, i976. Oregon State Highway Division, Parks and Aec�eation Sectian, "Scenic Water Study - South Santi.am River," May, 197Z. Oregon Timberman 4�gazine) Vol. Z, No. 8, page 17 - 1940 Vol. �., No. I2, page 7- 19fl0 Vol. 3, No. Zfl, page 6- 190Z Vol. 6, No. 1, page 24B - 1905 Vol. 7, No. e, gage 40S - 1906 Vol. 7, No. 11, page 34 - 1906 Vol_ 8, No. i2, paqe 24D - 1907 Vol. 9, No. Z, paqe 49 - 1907 State Water Resaurce Board, "Midd�e Wi�.lamette Riverbasin," June, 1963. U� � e C� E. ,"Fl�d P1ain In£ormatian South Santiam ftive� � Y�araaa� ,. " ��� , 1973 0 U.S.C.�., "Flood Plain Information Sou� Santiam River s SWeet fiem�," .�wrxe , 1� 74 , t�a�aCo�., ' PZair� Infornta�ion Willame�.te Riv�r ar�d '��i�u�a�a�ies in Marioe� and �oi� Couri�ies," Mav, i96�� U.�.G.S., �ep�rt��n� of Interzar, "Fozest Canditians iux tY,� �a����� r'�rige Fo�r�st Reserve, paq� 3g, Serzes 6, 1903. UoS.��S., �7eoartment af i�terinr, "Water Resonrce �ata for O�egar� Surface water R�cords," 1973. watex R�source Research Iz�stitute, Oreqan State Univer�ity, "�cia � Cultur�l Im�acts o� �a�er Ftesnurc�s," i97Q. 4� e F' . A., "�i,� tory o f Linn Couaty ," Second . 1� 7C1. :�F�rd5 PP� �RS Cas�i�al ,7ournal Marc3i 8, 1955 - Sec�. 2, page 5 'Pt�e Lebarion £xpress � �une 4, 1959 - Thursday oresonian February 3 , 1872 - �aage 3 ,7anuary 25, 1869 - page 3 �evem�ex 11 1925 fi�a�ua� 3, 167� - Dage 3 .�c�ri� �2 , 189 3 Stav�on Mai1 �lay 11, , 1906 .7une 1 � , �90 7 MA.P S Diagram of a Po�tion of dregon 'Sezritozy, Suz`veyor Gener�l affice, 3 oKti ...a , oc� ' Je4JJ1 aaau ��..+`. Illustrate� Historical Atlas Map af Ma�aon and L�nn Counties, 1�780 Map a£ tY�� Surveyed Po�tions of Oreqcn �°er���or�►� 5u�v�y�r Genera.L �ff�c�, �ctober 21, I85�� AGENCIES State of Oreqon Commerce, Department of - Corporation Division Fish and Wildlife, Department a€ Forestry, Department vf Geoloqy and Mineral Indvstries, Department of Marine Soard Oregon Historicai Society Qregon StaCe Library Oreqon 5tate University Lzbrary Revenue, Department of Secretary of State - Archives Transportation, De�artment of - Highway Division Water Resources, DepartmEnt of Count� Douglas County Historical Society Marion County Historicai Society City srownsville Museum Federal U.S. Bureau of Land Management U.S. Corps of Engineers U.S. Forest Service U.S. Geoiogical Survey ?5 �o��� 1 State water Resocsrce Board, "Mir3dle Wi�lamette Etiver Basir�," Juai� 1563, p. 9Qm94.. ��ic$, , �ta�.e T�at�� Re�ou�'ce a�a�d. �Ibide, State r�ater Resaurc� Board. �U.S.Ce��, °Flood P1ain Information - Wz],lamet�a Rivez� and ?"ri�uta�°�es," �iay i968. �State S�fater Resource Board, "Mzddle willamette River Basin," Jux�e L9o3, �. 90-94. 6 t]ivision of 5tat� Laazds, "Saaitiam River Characteristi� Stuciy," 1976a 7 wate� Res��x�ce, p���onal C�r�tac�o 8 �iwg�iot� e�f State i.ands, "Sar�tiau� River Characteristic Study," 1976, 9 �aide, Divisinn of Stat� Lands, 197be 1 �U�SoCr�. F "Fi�d Plain Informatiart - WillametLe Rive� and Tri.:�+��arie�." f+[aay ��68, V�Y. T, p� �7. llIg�i�, ,�i�vision of State Lands, 1976. ��Ibid., [J.S.C.Ea, May 1975, g. 27-28. :� ��.seC.�., "�`load P�ain �n~ormat�on � 5outh santiam �ive�," �une i97�, p. �,4'�. ��'�bid., Division of State Lands� 1976e � C. Hoss/Caurbland �.. Smith, "Socio-cultural. Impacts of. �7a�er Resource Develop�nent in t:�e Santiam Rive� Basir�," t9ater Resources Research Ir.stitute, 05tT, Octaber 1970, n� �. � Divisian af 5tate Lar�ds, 197�< 1 �CI.S.C.EF, "F�c�ad Plain Infor:r�a�ior� � 5auth Santiafi River," 7une ?973, �� 1. � Spectate�r, Thur�c�ay, �ecemk�er .1�, 1J43. ��Edgar wilZiam� & Co. ,°Illus�.rated £i�st�ric�� A�la� Map Ma�ion ar�d L�. Caunties, Oreqon," 1878. �fl'I'tte Oregan Historical Quarterly, Syracuse and 5antiam Citv, 12y5-61, Sentember 1931, Voi. 32, No. 3. Z1 5 ale m Statesman, December 9, 18b1. Z C. Mulien, The Land of Linn. z�Jesse Steiwer �oug�as, The Oregon Historicai Ouarterly "Beginn`ings of Jefferson," I7eceml�er 1931, Vol. 32, No. 4. � 24 2bid., p. 330. 25 Edgar WilZiams & Co., "I1lustrated Historical Atlas Man of Marion/Linn Counties, Qreqon," I878. 26 Ibid., OreQOn Historical Quarterly, "Beainnings of Jef£erson." 27 Marion Count_y Historica� Society, "Marion County History," Z958, Vol. 4. 28 Thomas C. Hoss/Courtland L. Smith, "Socio-cul�ural Impacts of Water Develannent in the Santiaai River Basin," OSU. 29 lbid., OSU. 3Q lbid. , OSt3. 31�dQar Williaans & Co., "Illustrated Hzstorica� AtZas Ma{� of Marion/Linn Counties, Oregon," 1876. 32 Ibid., Division of State Lands, 1976. 3 �Robert Carlton Clark, Ph.D., HistorY of th e_Willamette Vallev, Qreqon, �0�7 ... . _._ � p. 568-570. 35 �bid., n. 568-57Q. 36E��ar Williams & Co., "Illustrated Historical At1as Map of biarion/Linn Counties, Oregon," 1878. ��Crown Ze�lerbach, "A Srief Historical Sketch of iebanon," 19�2 and i9�0. 38� 3 gIbid. 40 Edgar Wiliiacns & Co., "Illustrated Historica� Atlas Map of "larion/Linr. Countzes, Oreqon," L878. 41 •Phe Timberman, 1903, Vol. 4, i�o. 10. 97 42 Divisio� o� 5tate Lan�� Inte�vi�� w��ti t�L�� � E��sa�et�+ �u�h�� .�eh�ma . Qreg�n . Se�tesnber 2� . 19 7� . ����vision of State Larads Intervier� w��s k�. A.z°ck��.� i��e�, �eg��e� 16, 19760 . a �Ma�ion Cous,ty �irc�ai� Cou��. Eug�r�� R�ler, �o ��au�din Lo �e� Sep��mber 2�, I906< 45 �id. , Archie Kimsey. `��,�ean Roberts, E�khorn and t�ehama n. '31 � � Archie Kimsey. `� S Oregan Timberman Decem�e� 19Q7, V�1. 9, N�o 2, p. 4�. 4 � 'The Stavton Mail �uri� 14. �9L]7, �, �� S � C�r2coa �i�ezman .Tune i9d6, Vole '3, ;I�o 8, p� 40�a Sl �id., Archie Kimsey. S�Tbido , Archie Kim.sey. � �Oregan '�i�e�sa.n , �7u�� 1948 , Vo3� . 9 , �c� � � , r� � 4 °� e S �Ozeqon Tir�erman, Segtember 1906, V�sY. 7, N�. �1, P. ��€� � T_imberman, 3ur�e 1906, Va�� 7, Ncae 8, p� 405. 56 0re on Timbex�an. Octobez� ��07� Vcal. 8, Noe 1�, �a. �4�� � 7 0��r�on Timbermar� . t�ov�m��� 5�07 , Vo� . S, *Fo � x � 5 �rbida , Arc�ie �sey; and Divisior► of State I.�rads In�er�rie� �rit.'�. L�lar�d Prather. Sep��er 25, L�76� � , i.elan�� Prathere 60 lbida, LeZand Prather. o �gl�oVd Ca Mull�r� T3`i� Land o� Linrx �' Couaity Cir�ui� C�urt, '�.atilda L. �arland v< <r7. ,I. '�ur:sidae, �p�il 1�06, Vol. 2C, p� .�26< �'�I.bid. 64 �, Macfluffee, ":�av�qa�ian � U�fle� willam�t�e F�.ver, 1846 - 1936a" 6 �Ibzd., �,eland Prath��. 6b p�vision of S�ate Lan�s, Historical Rese�rch, Z975-77. ��Cyracuse {sic), The S ectator, '�hursday, December 13, 1849. 6B Capital Journal Salem, Oregon, T�esday, March S, 1955, SQC. 2, p. 5. �'g A�bany E�eninq Democra January 6, 1876. ��Ibid., Mac�uffee. ��Ibid., FSacDUffee. 72 Ibid. , i�3acDuffee. 73 lbid., "Beginninas of Jefferson." 74 Ibid. , "Beginninc}s of .Ieffersor�. " 75 Marion County Historical 5ociety, "Marion County History," 195Q, Vo1. 4, p. 10. 7 �Oregon Statesman, March 28, i931, Voi., 81, No. 1, Sec. 2, p. 6. �� Lewis and Dryden's Marine iiistory of the Pacific i3orthwest 7e Howard t�. Corning, Willamette Landings. �`�Alice Greve, Interview with Wesley S. Conser, Aecember 1942. g �Ibid., Historical Atlas. e lTbid., Historical Sketch of Lebanon. ��Ibid., willamette Landinqs A. 225. $�R. C. Clark, Willamette Valley, Oregon p. 47. 84 ���a11 V. MiZls, Sternwheelers qp the Columbia p. 60. _ 85 Ibid., MacDuffee. $�'Ibid., MacDuffee. a�_ �• Aibany 5unday Democra Aprii i7 J.�S11. 88 flreaon Statesman 80th editian, Marcn 26, 1931, Vo1. 81, No. 1, 5ec, 2, p. 6. B 9 Albanv Deinocrat-Herald April 17, 1871. 90 Division of 5tate Lands Intexview with Charles "Smokey" SGoller, September }.5, 1976. - cy ca 91 Zbi� a , „ 5mokey e �� ��Oregon H.istorical rtar3.y, 5ept��r I9�1, Val. 3Z t3o< 3, g� �C?��20�� 93 ll�id. , 'I'lie Land o� Lin� � , Ttte I.and c�f Lirin ��Zbid_, The Land o� Linn ��Ibido Historica� Atlas. ��H. Ae Minter, LTmnqua Valley, Oreqon, and Its Pioneers. 98 Ibido, i,and of Linn 99 lbid., Land of Linno Y00. Above, pp. 38-57; sEe also Stayton P'[aii, 15, 29 Dec 1905, ll June i906, 7,7une 19p7, IO Dec Z909, 6, 27 May 191Q, I6, 23, 29 May 19I2; Linn Cot:nty Court P�oceedings, Vo�.. 16, �. 327, Linn County Courthouse, Albany; and Testiman�r, p. 180 in 61 OR 98, State Archives, 5alem. I01. U. S. Census 1880, Original Returns, Schedule 3, t�grs., 5awmills, Marion County on Microfalm 28-49, State Librazy, Salem. 102. Lir.n County Log Brand Record, p. �.25, Linn County Caurthouse; Masion Co[u�ty Mechariics Lien Book V, gp. 2C1-53; h]arion County Lagqers Marks & Brands, I, p. 17; MariQn County Circuit Court Case Ko. �5,060, Marion Caunty Court4�os�,se, Sa�.em. 1C3. Timbexman, 2�k: 7(i�7ay 1923} , p, 42. 104. �rownsville Times 19 Dec 1902. IaS. Xamhii� County Circuifi. Court Case No. 3845, Yamhill County Courthouse, McMinnville. 106. Stayton Mail �1 May 19Q6. 107. Marion Coun�y Niechanaas Lien Book I�I, pp. 308-09, 388, 595, 600-OZ. 108. Above, p. 90 and Bivision of State Lands interview witr Archie Kimsey, Salem, 1b Sep� 1976, pp. 3-4. 104. Co3.umbia River and Oregon Tirnberman, �.:11 (Sept 3.900), p. 34 and see Ibid. 5 : ]. (Nov 19Q3) , p. 20, 11Q. F'ish War�en's Diary, �.90I-1908, p. lOa, 5tate Archives. �I3. Archie Kiinsey interview, pp. 2- 3. ?�2. rtarion County P•!ect Lien Bock Izr, �n. 32I-22, �49-54; �'arion Col:nty Ca.rcuit Court Case No. 9044. 11?. Telerhone ir.t�rview wit.T: E�mer Taylor, TM�e;�ama, 3.9 Dec 1980. I3a. T,ebanon Ex�ress-Rdvance 29 Dec 1903; the date 1906 in Floyd C, Mull�n, Land af Linn (E,ebanan, Z973) , pp, 242-43 would seem to be too late though that is the year they began ta use calcium sulphate, Linn County Carcuit Court Case I�To. 9077, Linn County Courthouse. Le�anan Paper Co. dic� not register its own iog mark, B_amand L, for th� South San tiam and its cributaries untii 5eptember 6, 190 Linn Caunty Log Srand P,ecard, p, 17.2. 1I5. Lebanon Express-Advance under dates ga.ven; £ron 1912, reFerences are to �he Lebanon Express. � ^ IZ6. Repro�'uced i.n M. S. Carey and P. H. Hainline, 5wee� Home (Brownsville: Calapooia Publications, �979}, p. 85. 1Z7. Oregonian 8 .7tz�.y 1907. 1�8. Brownsvil�.e Tirres 22 Fe� Z9Q7. II9. Timberman �.5;12 (Oct 19i4), p. 50 and see 13:7 (hlay 1912), p. 32A. 120. Linn County Record of Li�ns, Book �#� p. 525, Linn County Courthouse. �21. Ibid Book 5, pg. 37, 200. 122. Roy A. ElZiot�, Pro�iles of Progress (Eugene, J.97�), pp. 5e-56. 123. Ibid pp, 65-67; Division of S�.ate Lands interview wit?i Bert Pickens, Forest Grove, I5 Auq 1978; H. ,7. Cox, Randam I,en�ths (Eugene, I.949) , P].. (1 ]. 124, All�any L�er,iocrat-Heral.d, 25 Aug 1948, Sect. �I, p. 15. �25. Linn County Circu�t Court Case No. 7955; Calumbia River and Or� on Tim,be nnan, 5:9 (Jul.y 1904} , p. 22. 125. Brownsv�lle Ti[nes S Feb 1907. Z27. Lir.n County Log Brasid Record, p. 123. 3.28. Carey & Hainline, 5weet Home, �a, 84; Ellzott, Profiles, p. I39. I29. Linn County Record of Li�ns, Bock 5, p. I.8°. 130. Transcript, pp, 44-52, Suprem,e Court MSS C��-3, Fil.e No. 1736, Stat� Azc'rz�_sres, S alem. ��1. Ibid , pp. 53-68, 75-78. 132. Ib�� r pp. lti-t�i. 133, Ibid ,�po �-33 anc see Slueprint map of t�cI�aeil Creek t;sed as an e�cY�i�it in the case. 134. U. S. C�nsus 1880, Original kZeturns, Schedule 3, Mgrs., Saw�ilis, Linn County. 135. Transcript of Leb anan Lumber Co. v Leonard, pp. 2, 1Q. 136. Linn County Record of Liens, Book 4, p. 459, 1.�l. LQbclS'L�i1 �:X�3�QSS^HQVdIlC�� L1 �1L1F1� .1.7V 1. 138. Transcrigt of Lebanon I�um�er Co. v Leona�d, p. 205. I39. �id ., PP• 21-22. i40. Ibid., p. 165 and see abave text pp. 57-58. 141. Oregonian 3Q Mar �906, p_ 6 and see Timberman 7:Z0 (Aug I906), p. 23. i42. Scio Santi.azn News, dates in text. 143. Testimony in Trullinger v Howe, p. 579, Supre�ne Court M5S 68A-3, FiJ.� 423, State Archives. 144. Lebanon Exgress-Advance, dates in text. I45. Testimony zn Tru].linger v Howe 1oc.cit Cari Brenna, Ac�ing Direc�or, Division of 5ta.te Lands 3.eaxned £xom his mather-in-law Mrs. Leafa Williams, Sublimi.t�r {28 I�ov 1980} that zn the period �905-12 a chute on Burraester (B31yeu) Creek took logs ta a sawmill located at i�s mouth. 145. Interview with Leland Prather, 10 Dec 198a. 147. S taytO� Nail 6 N3ay 19I5. �.48. Leland Prather znterview, �Q Dec �984. 149. Trul].inger v Howe e�ibit, loc. cit. ; see also Linn County Record of Li.ens , Book 4, �. 412 and Palk County Mechanics Liens Vo1. 1& 2, p. 3D6, Po�k COUS3�T CQl1x�14US�� Bd115. For a further referenc� ta recreational use of tY�� North and South Santiam P,ivers, see ,7ohn Garrer�, Oregon River Tours (Portiand:Binford & Mort, 1974), pp. 64-67, 1.fl9-114.