Smith River and Umpqua Tributaries FarnellSMITH RIVER
I� �
U�IPQUA TRIBUTAfiIES
NAVIGABILITY REPO RT
��
�ames �. �arne7�, Ph.D.
Researc�t Analys} IIT
DIVISION OF STATE LAiVDS
Sa�em, Qregan
Cctober ]98?
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Ro:.lway on Dauglas County
strea:n.
Dou�,ias County Museum.
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Under tne Egual Footing clause of tne Dregon Admissions Act, the Unitea
States �avarr.ment transferr�d awnershin af the b�ds of all navigab�.e waterways
to the State of Oregan in LSS°. At the ti�e a� t:�is report, the fu13. exten� of
Oregor's ownership is unknown. The present develapment trends along our water-
ways make zt apparent that �he lacaticn of the 5tate/orivate 4�oundaries is of
extrame importance. The 1973 L��islature recognizec this and passed �:25 274.029-
�34. T:zis law directs tihe Division of State Lands to make a study of all Cregon's
waterways and ta make public �heir findings. This report was meant to su�ple-
znent our eariier repor� on the Umpqua River wit:� a d.etailed examination of
5mith River. In �h,e course of �hat investication, new matezia� was discovered
with regard to the use af tri�utaries of the Ump4ua for l�c dr�ving. That
materia�, as i.t bears or the questions of t:�e 5tate's pro�aerty interest in their
heds, is also dealt wa.th zn the re�ort.
Smith River is named atter th2 great �:2rican fur trap�er ,�edediah Smi�.;~�
whose pazty camped near its r.sout:� and was massacred, wi�h the exception o� Smit:�
and two other sren, by Indzans on 3uly 1�, 1828.
Evere�t Abbott of Gardiner, former o�e�atnr �f �??P schQOl l�oat on t�e lo�er
Cr,ith River, s�ent some time wi�.:� tnerabers of '�Y�is 7i-rision civing in°or*_natior. on
navicaa?e use a� �he river. The followir,g z:�st��utians a�so gave aid in the
cor.duct af researc:� fer t:�is report:
�'ni-rers_�� �f C��gon wibrar_y
��recc:� State vibrarv
.�.r?�GIS n15���1Cd� SCCIE�J
����'jQ:2 J�ci�2 Y.�L.i:1
�ou�las CoLr.t�.° Cour*'�cuse
Ou� greatest debt, as tzA `ullsome illustra4ions :���e c�ear, is t�
��c�ra4 ti�cii�I and t:^e :rou�Zas �aur.tv 'iuseu:�.
C:.E�F�_ �es�, . ;.ra ueck at 5zi`�z River : a'_:.:;
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BASIN CH�RACTERIS�ICS
Smith River
This river parallels the L'mpqua on the north and em�ties in�a tna L'ma�ua
estuary oppasite Reedsport. fihe �asin forn}s the northwest portion af Do�glas
County, though some of th� headwaters of tha North and West Forks of the Sm�tn
rise in Lane County {Fia. 1). This river is over 89 miles in Iength and its
source is tive mi?es nar�h of Drain; the approximate basin area is 34o square
�iles. There ars no streamflaw records for �ne river.
The Srnith has a3most no habitatian on its lonQ course to �idewater wnicn
exten�s some 22 miles uprivez to between Sulphur Springs and the mouth oE Spencer
Creek. The forest caver was deso3ated in t��e mid-portion of the upper river
by the Ox�ow Burn of 196�, fourth largest of Oregon's forest conf�agrations in
�his cent�r�. The river flozas over be�rock reefs for mos� o� its distance alaov�
ti3ewater, but these hardly ob�truct the river's winter f1ow; Smith River Falis
iFig. 2a) is but a�wa foot elevation of on� of these reefs. The river's qradient
is very modera�e to low, dropping the 636 feet elevatian from Gunter to Sulphur
S�rings in 5a m�les at an even gradient which averages 11 1/2 feet per miie
(See Fzga. iA-3?. The tidewater section :,as very narraw agricul�ural strzps
ar�d �or riany miles *ney ar.d the river ara =�allec3 in by c�iffs which iook as t::cuga
they �.aere built of Cyciopean blocks. The maj�r econo:�ic ac�.ivzty or the basin
in the past was a ca�znatior. �f fisning, dairy farming ar.d lumb�ri.r,g, ncw zt
is v�r�ua11Y• vc;�`�n�d �3 �:� lau�e_ occ�patior,.
�lk Creek
The Elk �reek �ssi : al�ernates �e�wee :?":ly�e:: canyo:.s and r�pen �arm lan�.
Beginning at i�� :nout�, �he lower �en :rsiles of tne cree;{ is r.arrowly confir.ec3 by
ziils 'cu� a�ove River `�!zwe 1G Open� aut i: �o °ut�.;��a �lalley which wi�ens *_o a
A
NOiJTH
WMCHESTEA 96Y
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miie across at its broades� part. Three miles below Drain the rzver is again
constricted by hills, widening again at the con€luence of Elk and Pass Cr�ek
only to narzow in anather defi�e. A few miles above Drain, Pass Creek opens
into an agricultural section whil� Elk Creek daes the same in Scotts Valley.
The drainage of Caiapooya Creek is �ikewise Earmland to the town af Oakland.
Headwa�ers of EIk and Calapooya Creeks in the mauntains have vezy st�ep gradients.
t�2ain Basin
The Umpqua Basin is described in the report on that river, Su�plementai
to the materiai contained therein is the following tahle of streamfiaw data:
Period of
Stream Location Ri.ver Mil�e Record X E'�ow Extreme Minimum
(cubic feet per secon.d}
Sou�h Umpqua at Tiller 187.31 4� years 1042 60,20� 24
South i3mpqua near Brockway 132.8 44 years 2899 i25,000 34.2B
Cow Creek near Riddle b.7 24 years 898 91,].OD 7.4
Narth Myrtle Cree3c 2.2 23 years 74.Z 3,26Q 0
North Umpqua at Winchester 1.8 35 years 3746 1Sq,00Q 578
Umpqua near Eikton 56.9 73 years 7504 255,OOa 64�
Mill Creak below Scottsburg, and its eastern tributary Camp Creek, pass thrvugh
rugged terrain in narrow canyons.
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NAVIGATIOI�i
SMITH RIVER
Vessel navigation was confined to the tidaZ por�ion of the Smith below
Sulphur Springs (Fig. 3a}. Schaai childran, milk cans, stock, freight, mail
and passengexs went on severai gasoline powered riverboats between Sulphvr
Springs and Gardiner. By March 1903 t3ze milk boat mac3e trips up the Smith on
altarnate days iFig. 4}, Gasaline replaced steam power in I912. The Pilot
had a regula� scheduZe between these two river points in 19I6.� T�e Bonita
and Atlas operated in �e 192Q's; the Vulcan boasted a covered upper deck at the
same date (Fig. 5). Earlier in this century sehool chilr3ren had had to rvw to
schoal. and their elders a�so plied the Smith in locally built rowboats often with
iong e�egant lines foz ra�aid passaqe throLah the river's tidal wat�rs (�ia. �),
Evere�t Abbot�, aged 79, who ran the school boat from 1924-27, reca�Is �he
early methods of towing Zogs on the lower Smith River:
In the early days thex would make a szrta2l raft and then �my dad]
would take a skiff and he started aut witrs the tide. He wouid
have to tie them up to th� share soon as the tide would change
and then he w�uZB wait for the next tide to come, ..... When it
changed, he would stazt them out again on the high water and tisen
go as far as he could before the �ide changed again, it would
always take him two c�ays from where we li,ved up there to get
these logs to jthe miil]. Then in later years, of course, they
started using th� gas taw boa�s. Fizst they started usi.ng th�
steam tow boats and th�n they went to gas and then ta dieseZ.
In fact, I l�ave towed �ogs with diesei and gas.
The tidal porti.on also supported a commercia� fishery which served both the �wo
canneries Zacated on the iower Umpqua and later the fresh fish market openec3 up
by the coming of the railroad in 1915. Smith River zer�ained the region`s onl.y
highway until the county road was built �.n 1.331.
The North Fork of the S�ith had some boat use, but t�is probably did not extend
much above tidewater. Thus on 3anuary 2, �909 ths Gaz�diner Mi3.1 Company Store gave
Ren McKinney germission to take their scow, loaded with fenczng, up that for3c,
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"though we do not like sending our scows up the creeks-take care not to ground
her ar get her snagged.��
At the present time the U. S. Corps of Engineers recogniz�s the navigability
of Smith River to River Mile 23.1 and the North Fork to River Mile 1.2. In
addztion it recoqnizes the navigability of several tidal s�augks and creeks (Fig. 1).
10
Li]G DRIVES
Sczew jac�C and 3�u�lteam logging began on the tidal portions of Smit3i Riv�r
in 1864 for a newly built sawmill at Gardiner (Figs. 7, 9). This mi1Z pass�d to
G. 5. Hinsdale and partners in 1877, W. F. Jewett in 1881, and then was organized
nnder the Gardiner l�fill Company of San Francisco.�
The Rosebuz�g Plaindealer stated that on April 12, i872 William A. Turner
drowned whila floating logs dawn a tributary of Smith River abaut 20 mi�es above
Gardiner [probably the North Fork}.� Asa Henderson, an 87 year o3.d resident of
Reedsport in 1954, recall.ed that his father had begun cantract 3.agging for Gardiner
Mill Campany in 1875 {Figs. S, 35). [�hen Asa began working for his father in 1877,
logs were f�oated to the mill using the winter freshets, The ioggers' brands were
recorded with the Gardiner Mill Company the an�y market - and na Smith River
brand was ever registered with tha Douglas County Clerk. Durinq the 1880's, news-
napers indzcate that logs continued ta come down from above tidewater dura.ng £reshets,
some rafted by Pat and James Cowan, but from how high up the ri.ver is unlcnowr�. Tn
March 1896 it was report�ed that laggers descenciing Smith River in a boat swamped
and had ta hike aut 40 mi�es.�
Anot.3ier early r�sid�nt of the river, George Perkins born in 1874 the san af
a transpJ.anted Maine logger, set down his reco�.lections af its early logging
history o� which he had been an eager student:
I can visualize our family ard a few iogg�ers sitting before our
large fir�piace on a stormy evening, tellzng tales of early-day
logginc3 3nd the different plaees the�r had worked. Being quite
yaung, I drank in every word that was said and it thrilled me
wi'�h excite���t L� �iear �ny =atiier t�ii af his boynood days, taicing
a man's piace breaking Iag jams in dangerous plaees and riding
the logs downstream to the mi1J,. Same times i� tiook weeks in
swift-runninq water to co�nplete a drive. The main object was to
keep the Zoqs on tne move zn narrow Q3aces, in order to keep them
from bunching ar.d janu:►ing. When a Iog jar.� formed the main o#�ject
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was to break iG up an� keep the logs moving, ot�ezwise they would
continue to gile up until �here would b� mil�ions of �eet of logs
in one pile..... I have had similar experienc�s on the Nar�h
Fork af Smith river, but mine were only pocket editions compared
to his encyclopedia.
Alonq the river wer� designated pZaces to eat and sleep during the
drive. If their �uck was goad, everthing was fine and dandy;
if not, they would have ta walk several miies in order ta eat.
Aftar the drive was over they would callect their wages and
set�le down �or the winter.....
dn the Narth Fork.....we kids used to walk up and take a stand
opposite the rollway when h'ard was loggina to see the logs come
rolling down and intia the ilorth Fork.
Perkins set dawn a cataioq o� Smith River log drivers many o� those fa�tilies are
also memorialized in the names af the Smi�h's tributaries (photos of some of these
laggers are in Figs. 9, 11, �5, 3b, 22):
Names of oId time loggers that I have known.
time that I nave heard my fa�her speak o� and
ham from the time ne first started to work in
1865.
3865 to 1875
and some before
that work�d for
the woods here
my
in
Ben Ellswor�h, Joe Ellsworth {brothexs), causins af Pop's;
Jeff Benni�on; Joe Rhodes; Tom Popn?n; Sam Craf�; Bill Wood;
�oe Grave; �ohn A�arns; Billie "loore; �ohn Lyster; �ard Chzsalm;
Kert Johnson; Jahn Sherrett; 5olomon Perkins; Leon Kassaer(?);
�enry Bryant; and R. M. Chapman.
mho SO� O � ����_igan
Chas. Haskell; ',1. V. Leacn; Chris Hacker; in Sulphur Springs and
vicinity John Cowan and sons, Pat Cowar:, �onhny Cowan and Peter
Ccwan; Hugh Anderson; �obert tdade; �c�n Dai�ey; Bi�l 5mith; the
singer; Bi11 Johnson; y�lillar� Johnson; Chas. �erkins; :red �erkins;
Ed "�lurphy; George '�':urnhs.�; �diil �furphy; tlilton Snerrett; �ick Lyster;
fienrV I�d:15@11 j£d ;;d?"iS�:1 i.i Oi�:i �':rOE j itiC[I .'!v'r0� j Y,Cl vv'�O�? ��:7dS .�+Ol1T150F7 ;
t�i� �}'Oii:150I1 � 'I'O:l CO'.�d:l � i�dVe C04.'c:i7 ) ..c0 . = 2T:�i:1S . T. :i1C��7i �i�xC .'.Vfl� � �
Franx Sd'nitaker; i�enry 3ay; :7iZ� 3ay; 3ob .�a�•; �dm. Peck; Bill �ewar;
Dennis Cbrien {G'3rie :?) ; 3ern Hunt; �oe �?unt; �o�:nny ,7cic�; Pat
[}�l Q��; S3m Sr;i 1 Snn � ,Tnhnn� T,a?r?� � F+^ar;c _Edr�?�; S�i�r.R� Q('a cgl�al �.Jp�n��r
Cassiday; r^rank Cassiday; �iarry �aoodr�`�; :vi�l ill�at�.; Fmil Eiliott;
Tom Letso�; Cal Garr��t; �rank Perry; Dan Cussiday; Bil� B1uck;
:�Ialter I�erron; Jim Bu*ier; Rabt Ho�d; �'-ar.k 5per:cer; �iec corslur.d;
.�ens Ha:�sen; Gil�ert Carzes; Jo�r. Heait:.�; L'zris P�rritz; Aug Pyri�z;
J �Til C:Oi!1 ) T i'ii.a'l�2rS i � :3S �'d1::�f:iS � �. :cS k��jrli.7,, i t`�dtli ��Y'i�'Z �
Oti.o Pyritz, Pau,I Pyritz; 1-i�r^�r ,�lc�•:r.?an; ii�n��• :rorkmar.; ;+i�.i a.am
C�a,T,aer�ain, Harv� 5herre�t; _- ;�enr.is Waggor.er; S�zl:��ar.
�at*a�e, Uohn Henderson; �s� {-�sa? iie:.cvrso::, �ae �:�-s�erson; �or�
15
Henderson; Joe, Bill and James McCaley (?); Craig Buchanan; "Soapy"
Smith; Dic Moora; E�aa1d G1ass; JessEe Abbott; Nick Melvin; Geo. Melvin;
Bert Melvin; 3im Macay (Mackay?); Jim Johnson; Geo. Ross; burius (Dazzus?1
Vanderbuxg; Chas. Vanderburg; �wald Pyritz; �oe Schaffer; �ohn �oel;
George and Grant Ba3deree; Ren McKenney; Jim Patton; Robert Ashwarth;
Bi11 Harris; Henry Lucksinger; Tom McGuire; Geo. McAfee; Andzew Johnson;
Frank Morrison; Ghas. Hart�ey; Frank HartZey; Mart Andrews; Henry
Andrews; John Andrews; Albert Pyritz; John Helmick; Wm. Cain; Ben Wrae;
Chas. Holstrom; Chas. Markham; Fred Rap� and Lauis Rapp.
From �890 until I uit the woods in 3906 there was another crop:
Fred Brawn; Ed Stein; Ben Perry; Billie Dewar; Algie Dewar; �im Ross;
A1 Butler; Herbert Butler; Jim Do1an; Frank Dolan; Pete Dalan; Mike
Bolan; Terence Dolan; Joe Da�an; �ohn Tohi�; walter Murphy; Ed Magee;
Harry Jurgens; Alf Peck; buane Peck; Cliff Tucker; A1 Ross; John Tone;
Simon Kechlie; �an Campbell; John Campball; Caddy Nattage; Dan Craig;
Glen Noel; Lonnie Nottage; warzen waggoaer; 3oh� Sawyers; Ike 5awyers;
Alec Sawyers; Frank Seymaur; Mdrrell Me�vin; Gus Macey; Fred Johnson;
Bert Raberts; Dava Roberts; Gee. Rober�s; Aiec Esseistro�; Ldxn.
Esselstrom; Ernest Koepka; Harry Henderson; Roy Waggoner; Gus �ohnson;
Gxover Andrews; Hugh Alexander; Roy Peck; Joe Andrews; Joe Morris;
Monte Minor; Chas. Wzoe; Johnny Wroe; Henry Wroe; Fred Wrae; Louie
Lepo�B; Alec �eison; Jahnnie Pa�mer; Gus Macey; Chas. Miller; Bob Becon;
Lawrence Noel; Gearge Vincent, the dirty cook; Artie Smith; Dave Holden;
and Frank xoller�eck.
�he Gardiner Miil Campany alsa had occasion to i�st �he operatoxs logging far
tnem on Snith River, 1905-08:
June, 1905.
�7uly, 1905
Aug. 1905
Sept. I905
Oc�. �905
�iar . 1906
Bert Roberts,
W. A. Wrae.
R. G. Baiderree,
Ole Olson,
Henry Bore, Jr.,
Jim Johnson,
R. G. Balderree,
�. B. Abbott,
Q�e Olson,
R. G. Balder�ee.
A1. Perkins
�7. F. Whita3cer,
F. E�. Jones,
R. G. Balderree.
Chas. Jahnson,
Henry Hanson,
W. A. Wroe,
R. G. Balderree.
Johnson Brothers.
R. G. $alderree.
H. C. :�ilier.
J. B. Abbott.
Chas, �T. `+�arks.
Fred Jahnsan.
Geo. E. Wroe.
Ai Perkins.
H. C. Miiler.
Peter Cowan.
J. B. Abbott.
H. I3. Butler
Geo. E. Wzoe.
Chas. Wroe
W. C. Chamber�ain�.
16
Sept. 1906
Dec. 1906
act 19p6
Aug. 1908
Sept. 1908
Bert Roberts,
H. C. Miller,
Duane Peck,
J. F. Whitaker,
J. B. P.t�bott �
John Perry.
Duane Peck.
Peter Cowan,
John & Henry Wroe.
Pau1 Wessela.
Jim Johnson.
C. F. Pyritz.
L. BZackwell.
Mike Dolan.
Geo. E. Wroe.
Perkins continues, "In my boyhood there was but one settlement abave the
fa1I.s on Smitiz ri.ver and that was on the West Branch. I reme�nbez well when John,
Ben and Will Wroe and John Helmick settled there and hewed themselves homesteads
out of the virain forest adjacent to the falls."�' Tlze Wroe family arrived in
1888; William Wroe of Grants Pass, J. W. V�1roe's grandson, states that his
family homesteaded and Iogged from their lands on the WESt Forlt d�zring the late
1880's and after. They did not use splasY► dams, but let the winter freshets carry
out the logs to the main stream while they walkec3 the banks and prodded them on
with pike poles. Some of this l.ogging was carried out on his great aunt C].ara
`r�rae's property near Gold Creek iRM 91. Tha Helmicks and Williams (in-Iaws of
�he Wroes) al.so Iogged in the same fashaon on the West Fork.
A plat ot Township 20 5outh, Range 9 West was pxepared for the Gardiner :4iZ�
Coinpany in 19Q7 and i9d8 by Frank E. Alley of Rosebura (Fia. 14}. The Iandowners
from whom the company was then receiving tir.�ber, i.ncluding the Wroes, are noted
on the plat. At the same time the plat was prepazed, Gardiner Mi11 Company built
a splasn dam on T�1. A. wroe's land {J. W.'s son and william Wroe's fathar}, They
used i� �.c s�ace out the l�gs w'r.ich wEre cut during the s�.:r.umer, so t�:at *_�Py woul�
��ow out withn�:t �amming durina Lhe wi.ntex fresnets into the main stem of the
Smz�h; �'rom tnere �hey wer� flca�ed down to the mi11,
Everett �bot* (Fia. 1].} visited this splash dara site in 1908 when his sister
�
was cook for. �ara n'ilson wno directed the Iogging camp t�ere. `" 5plashing was useci
on the :4est �'ork until 1915. The comiaany also had snJ.ash darns on Jcnnson (RM 31 ;
Fig. 12) and Junction Creeks wit:� c�nic:: LheV drove loqs to tne r?�tain s�em of t:a
i7
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rzver until 1916. ���re were no splash dams on the main Smzth River at any
time and the 3ogs had no difficulty passing over Smith River Falls {Figs. 13,
14) .24
W. A. Wroe also J.ogged Scare Creek {RM 36.7), Twin Sisters Creek {RM 44),
and the main stem of the Smith in Y.he Twin Sisters area from whence the logs were
floated to tidewater on the winter freshets. Chris Hac3cer (Fig. 22), whose mark
was two hacks an a �ag, had a mucn }.argex camp in the Twin Sisters area and took
out logs on the freshets between I900 and 1916 as did Peter Calm. Fuzther
information on logging in the Twin Sisters area and other aspects of Smith River
lagging geography come from the files of the Douglas County Musee�m {Fig. i5};
John Daily logqed at 7.'win Sisters... His logging operations therE
ran from early i880's until about i9o5... Daily had some cleared
2and and grew Eeed for his b�li teams at Twin Sisters location.
In March 1906 3. :�. Dailey wrate to Rose�urg that a smalZ �reshet had "star�.ed
some of the logs out, but they have not had a goad freshet ug 5mith Ri.ver for
�.hree years." Continuing from tha �Iuseum fa.la on Smith River:
Eiay from various farms along lower Smith Ftiver was bailed and packed
inta various bu�� team logging camps. There was a log boom (Gardin�r
Mi21 Co.?) on or near the ,7ohn Cowan ranch at 5ulpht�r Springs. [Fig. 163
B. W. Dorsey drove a team �ogging on the i�orth Fork of 5mith River
around I888-89..... Sam Wilson had at Ieast two camps on the West
Branch of Smith River (above falls?). Upper Camp had bull team
logging and splash dams; lower camn had 2 don3ceys, one was taken
in about 1915. Thesa donkey engines were barged up Smith River as
far as they could be tloated, were then unloaded anfl fired up and
yarded themselves right s�p the stseam bed to the camp. Logs were
placed to form a chu�e or slide in order for them to pass up over
Smith River falls.....
The Pyritz tamily laggec3 at a number of locations a3ong Smit3i Rivar
�Fig. ii;. Camp s was tne Gardiner Mii.i Co:nQany "`iaw wate�" snow;
this camp was loca'ted below Gardine� on th� north 51Q2 af the Umpqua.
It was used when the water in Smith River was too l.aw to permit
rafting lags down to the miil..... Gardiner Mi11 Co. (?} had a big
spiash dam at Johnson Creek on Smith River (�ig. 12].
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�E
Sherrett Sros. logged on tne idorth Fork af 5mith River in 1894 and 1897; 1����
Ben .•icKinr.ey puti iogs in on tnis fork.��
Other �oggers sent down l.ogs from as far u�river as Gunter (R'� 73.5) and
L�7oalley (RM 82)! The son ot Gunter's founder, John Gunter born in 3.89°, recalled
these 3ogqers;`
There wasn't any good road. Thexe was an old man who lived in here
though... his rsame is Rennie, Ed Rennye, and he skidded logs ir.to
the r�ve�, had an o1d caqs�an tnat they used, had an old whee� on
it. Had ona of those sweeps that the horses go arcund and araunc�,
and �ull that ca�stan, and they loggeci into the river with that. ':y
oldest brother, t•iarion, worked for him far a number of years, and
every winter they'd have to go down and clear the river out, and
then they'd f2oat tne logs down to Gardiner, over to the sawmill, and
they'd buy the logs... half of them [thati were cut] got �hrouqh.
0. Around what �.ime was tnis?
'�e].�., he was �^�ere in �908, o� 1909. 2 know, 'cause my... sister
�ena born �n 1909, she was named Editn but they called her azter
Rennie.
Ots, there was ather oeople, I couldn`t tell you about fih�m.
Hardenbrooks were ar�e, caup�e three of them [�3ardenbroc3c Creek,
RM 69] . ':hey laaged down in there, same way as Ed F2enni� ciic3.
Renie and other up�er Smith River loggers tarote to Gardiner Mill Co. abaut Na=ment
fcr their lcgs. From bece�er 1907 through December 1908 he asked if any of
his �ogs had come into the bcom from upriver tnat win�er, were t:�ey scaled, and
niease send $100-2JQ on accnunt in pay[nent. His brand was 55.��' Everett �bbo�t
r�Tnemwered some �ogs brande� 55 whi�h came �own from Gunter area and were so
exceptionaLly �ine and large t!zat no one co�,,�nriver �3ared keep one ar subs�i;.ut�
his branc? on them G. �r'. Ydooll.el� :imse3f also �arote to tne mi�l:
].oggec3 in 115 ? ogs sznc� October, azd t::e;� went cown the r�vez
on tne freshat a�cut Christ.^.ias ti::�e, anu na c3nubt a good portio:�
of �hem wi13. reac'. �fie �oom. ^s::ev are branded witn ar. ?�.T.
;doolleY again wrcte in earl_a �fay 1907 askir.g i` any of �:is loqs : aL gotten
:c.m, b=�caus� if �hey nad Yie :aauld log �n tze suF„mer.'� T�,e �r:il� reolied ��at
t:e� had not see� any, �u� rad nnt cleare:t �:�.� �oc:� since t::e �ast fres�:e}.
27
For their part the mill company said "Our business with loggers on Upper
Smith River has been... unsatisfactory."� �,f}1en Tho�as Moiony offered them timber
land near River Mi�e 87 of Smith River in �908 they said it was out of their
territory and would be �oo far upriver to handle for some t�me in the future.
Its present va�ue to them was only $10 an acre. The upriver sett3ers continued,
however, to at�empt to send down logs. In �ecember 1914 the zni�l company advised
�. 0. Gunter:
In regard to �he brand on yaur Iogs, we consider that you should use
"J.O.° instead of "55" [which he had purchased af Reniel, since there
are already ioqs of the "55" brand in Smith River, mhese Ietter "J.O."
should be not 2ess than two inches in diameter and w� advise you to be
careful in branding the iogs at both ends and on several parts of each
end, since, in caming down �he river, the log brands often get badly
mashed so that they ar� unintelligible.
R. E. �eague wrote the eompany in �ovember 1935:�
I have just started between �wo and three hundred t�ousand (hoard feet
of] logs down on the recent freshet. bon't know i� any will g�t all the
way or not for the water run down so fast but if any arrives ��ere
please let me know as soan as you find au� for I am anxious to kncw if
any wer.t aIl the way for there may be I'11 have to 3o more work on the
river. I nave �,bout 10� tnousand I di�n't get starte�. My Brand is T,
Probably the latest drive f�om the Upper Smith was mounted by George Woalley and
Fred Clark ir� late November 191& just before Gardiner Mill Campany burned com-
�letely never to reopen:��
This is �o inform yo� that we are cutting Iags for yonr mill. Until
furt��er notice we �ill cut the loqs on the West � S.W. � sec. 33- t�
2D S. range 5 L� [R�� 31d]- using the star brand - and on the S.E, la
sec 27 tp-20S-R.7W� using the diamand urand [RM 73-74]. A� this writinc
we have 29 lags cuL ar,d in tre river - ar.d �or ��e next few days we will
i�prove t�e river - after whicn time we will resume �ogging operatior.s
again.
Judging by �he Mill cem�any's corres�ondence, log driving froM LTO�er 5mith
River was chanc� at best. The recallectior.s of Earl Lnsiey of �rain �robai3ly
�zve an accurate reflection of these efforts:��
�here was people tried to flaat logs down from up 5�ith River...
�ut that was never a success... You started out wit_� four or
�8
five hundred logs, you probably get there with IO or Z5. Very
discouraging but every once in a while, yau know, people get
ambitious and �hey think the other guy didn't da zt right and
he wou�d do it, but you know nobody ever made a nickle at it.
Meanwhile Gardiner Mill Company continuad fio receive large num�ers of logs
from its own camps on the Smith River which were above th� head of tide, but
lower on the river. In December I9�4 they reparted to �heir San Francisco office:
We had a fairly good freshet... From reports received last evening
from our raftsman we feel that there are betweea 75DQ and 10000 Zogs
in our Smitih River boom and as these logs will average probably 750
Peet, we have in the neighborhaod af six million feet af fairZy good
timber in our Smith River Boom.
Feter Cowan's camp was taking out Iogs �or the company between River MiYes 26
and 27 in May 1916,`� and when the company obtai.nec3 a franchise from the Puh].xc
Service Comn�issian in April i918, it extended to the saurce of Smith Rzver at
River Mile 89 - in case they should ever begin oQerations again. The highest
Qoint on the Smith that the comgany aver had a camp was River Mile 6�.
In September 1943 the �x Bow Logginq Company made inquiry with the Public
Utiiities Commissian about getting their timber out from the headwaters of the
West �'ork and below Rivar Mile 78 af the 5mzth, but whether they ever used these
waterways to transport their logs is nat known,
Wiliiam Wroe tiiinks his nephews huc3ced and drove some windfalis from the
Upper S�ni �h i,n the Z 94 0' s or 5 0' s, 4 '�
29
U�.cua Ri�er Log Drives
�dditianal material has been discavered regarding ti:e ��se af ��:e `.���.i.cua
�iver for iog drives. ^_'he first entreprer.eurs to atte.^.,�t t:�.is t✓enture wez�
Jr. J. T, 4�7. Saubert and Frank H. iroble in 187�. The partrers had run a
comb�nation rlour and sa�nnill at :Iorwalk, t�iisconsir �uring the ylrevicus �i�.e
years and li;ce cther pianeers expected to enlarge tY:eir Urospects in Oregon.
:�obie ca.'ne out First and scouted a gao3 :nillsite an t`�e land cf T�c:ras Smith
adjoining t:�e .�orth Umgqua near Wil�ur, "a good ,�iace to ca�c:� logs." T:e x�ill
was establishecz _n :�tap, but its output fras �ostly diverted to construc� a second
mill a;oout thrae-quarters or a mi�e u� t:�e Sou�2: umpqua from Rose�u�g. '3001� �aa
�een persua�e3 by ilonn F1ook and his �:artners �o help �rem construc� a..am acrass
�nat river. Flook �3.anned to use one ban?c for a flour tniil, Sa�ab�z� &`.obl�
could use t:�e ather ior their sawmil�. T�ie Ros�burg dam ar.d saw:nia]. nea�ed
campl�tion at �he end of the �ear and the ixtunigrant parz:.ers had logs �,ut in
tha river ��ar Canyonci�le during Decamber 1878. '�hey b3as�ed rocks ar.d ob-
sLructions in th� 5ou�h Umpqua and put i� side piers ta aid *�e drive, b�:t t'.:e
low water ci that win�er was not suffi�ient to brir.g down th� logs.`
Ti:eir la�s ai� ccme down �.urin� 'the fo' lowir.a winter , an� the Ros��a::r�
;v'estern Stax bo3sted;
A number o� saw logs cut by Saube:t &�iobie last season, flcated
down t::e river bn the recent raise and a ma;orit u� t::em we�e
safely lcdgec3 in the baom. ?'�:is cemons�zates the pr�ctica�ili���
of runnirg Iogs in tr�e South [7mprua and ad�?s a new and iT^ortar.t
i:�dus�ry *_o cu� city.
Uz°orFunat�� fcr the aartr�ers, ti Ur.lpqua had not fin�s'.^ed ;ts wi::ter ficc�,
ar.d the r.ext =ae�k the tr'�stern Star briefl•j r�la'tEC tnat t�:eir �co:n an�� da:n ra�
�aa�hed away w•i� : th� loss to the partner� of :nany thcusands of dollar�. i�e .�?ill
dt. :rr3Z':'�1ri@� CdjJt.:lrc��� aCTF.' i:r ��� su,aar �1r.L�. LCyS ��f0?'r' �::E� W�3Sii8C�. ::)L':. �J ;u��
��:^.ers °aere ��zt stranc:ecz �::. nig� �ater ��t�vean �ar.��cr.°�i� le and .�cs�Mux� -'
30
In addition to Saul�ert & Nable's drive, a sawmill operator a� Canyonviile
attem�ted ta raft cut lumber down the river to Rc�seburg on anotnez occasian, but
the rafts broka up and a11 the lu.mb�r was lost along the 5outh umperua. �he
Douglas County Museum possesses a photograph of a house constructed �rom this ill
fated lumber.
About a decade after tne Saubert & No��e log dri�e, 3oseph �icelli tried tio
use the river for another timbez product. He "had sqme wood cut u� at Dillards
and had a man to try and drive it and they abandoned it, they would come to �laces
where it was so shallow that they had to ro�l and carry it in order to get it �o
go, and we just let it go, it was an experiment of course..... Out of ten cords
we got six cuts" at Roseburg. Micelli a�sa floated some small four fpot logs,
�ut had a very hard ti�e stopping them. Contemporaneously one Poole cut
cordwood at Tiller (RM 75�) and fioat�d it down to Roseburg wit� equa�ly poor
results fFig. I8}. �� was aimost all �ast because the boom at Rosehuro coul� nat
hoZd it.
With such experiences it is not surprising that the Oregon 5upreme Court in
I°09 declared the South Umpqna an unnavigable river (6Z Or 82). The reasons fcr
�his cqnclusion are aQparent from the accounts of successive fai�ures to use the
river far flotiation. A supply of �ogs cauld on3y be found many miies from Roseburg,
which would �ravide the market �ar the lutnber, �ut Lhe flows were too low most of
the time to g�t them to the mill. 'r�hen the rivez was high enough, its gra3i�nt
°�as so steep and flaws so s�zong that no boom could hold �he logs or wood as they
came downr���er.
There we�e more promising beginninqs in driving the �orth Umnqua. In �8;6
t���lian °atterson built a small saws€�ill about three miles a�ove Glide. John
Livings�or. and �is brother �ogged for him with axen, ro�3ing the logs down steep
�iilside� and fioating t�em to the mill on the river. Durinq tne s�re year,
;vili:am Travn built a sawmill Iower down near :��. SccCt (2� 28.5). ues��� Tip�an
31
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�ought the Pattiersan mill in 1878 and �oved it a mile �e3ow G1ide wher2 they
put in a boom during March 1880. After their disaster on the South Umpqua,
Saubert & No�l� returred to the northern branch of tihe river and i;ought the Trask
miil in July 1880. Sath mills were reported to be putting out good lumber in
October of that year, but No�?e lost his �ogs from high water during t�e first
Iogging season. �4alling described the two �ills in �883;
Two small mi11s only are upan the vorth �mpqua. OF these, Patterson's
Mill� awned now by Tiptnn & Sons, stands upon the banks of the river
a�ile below the East um�qua. Steam is tre motive power and ther�
are double circulars, edgers, �rimmers, a planer, �tc... Its capacity
is from 1Q,OQ0 to I3,Q00 �eet af 3umber per day, most oF which finds
a market at Roseburg, The other �ill spoken of is located one mile
below the'Patterson, having nearly the sam� capacity. The motive
power is water. The mi�l... manufactures ordinary 1�ber. doors,
windows, shingles, etc. The average price of rough lumber, fir, per
tyousand has been about ten dollars while sugar pine has braughti
twen�y-five dollars.
T�;� 188fl Census confirmed that �hese two sawmills received logs "on tize South
UmQqua River." It a3so identified five lor,gers, six rnill la�orers, a mill
c+rright and "Chas. Briggs, running Iogs" as resic3ing in t�e pracizct. The mills
were producing in 1�?87, but whether tney sti�l obtained tneir 3.ogs on the river
is not know*i.
The most ir:�pressive e*tort to �rive tne Vor�h C;m�qua occurreci i� Lhe d�cade
a�ter 1899. It was evidently st�mulated by tne realized plans to canstruct a
^1�roe�ect.ric uam at :�nchester, � i�arr�ar to t?�e r_-rew's srrar.g ��r„a �a}�ci. :r<<�°e�.
allow �.he successful �oor.iing of �ogs -:.:�e ma?or _r.roble.m in using t'�e r� ve� for
locging pur�,ases. A ser�es af laggers liens tssta.�ies to the �ailu:e �: i. �.
�'ciinso:� �o ccnstruct a boom ot 7-^000� lcgs fastened *_oget:�er �i�:. chai:.s at �.:�at
sit� in 1399. ue planned to drive a mixed loC o; �07,�s3 feet of ��r, pi:e, aan
ar.d laurel ta it from seven :�iles above �ur:: g t? au�:.u^n, �ut t?:ey rer.?ai:�ed �.ahere
.7U
����i.E-u. �s:GCLi1.�LlOtl OS c3 .�'.,CC:i17.P.� ��C]eC� :C;1ti:1UE'C� i�lOWEi'L'� � 3llff i:00Z� :,. .�i�2t`jOM�
o.�.ta;.ned a frar.chise fro:n �oug�as Courty �c �mrrcv� ,...,. ri��er cn Sente:nb��' g, I�ul, �-
33
�1ean��iile Louis G. Dum�� �tor, s2cured vacat;on of parC az t::e platte� pert.ic :
of �dinches�er fro:z tY:e �'ouglas County �ourt, 5 � and Freci ,T. 31a;tiely zor;aeci t: e
uregon Boam and Ti:nber Cn:�s�.ary.
According to 4�. R. Vznsan, it was Dumbletor. that co�issioned ti first dam
at 5�izchester. Charles 3riggs, who by this �ame had moved to Cc3.es Valley,
�rect�d an unsatisfactary structure whic?: Vinsar. perfeeted by cribbing aft�r
Briggs' daFr, was'r:ed out. Ben Fisher secured some of the Iogs fcr �he str;:cture
with an ax tea:r,; al]. the l.ogs car.se from t�:e fiats and blu�fs immediatelv aciacent
to the site. Dumb�.eton was a weaithy and op.inionated rnglis}u�an w}:o so inter`ered
with the operation of the sawmill which he built a� the dar;t that the workers Guit
an� tne mill remaine3 i.dle foz two years.
It was thraugh Blakeley's O:egan Boom and Timber Campany t::a� +�;e e�fort to
3evelop a�.arge sawmill at Winchester car�e tegetner. Blakeley nurchased a quit-
claim to �regary's right tn float, tzar,unart, and boo�r �ogs, lu.mber, tir��er an�
wood nn the L'mgqua, and on ,�anuary 8, 1902 :na� the franchise confirmed tc :�is
company by the �ouglas County Court. That hady ��,ad already oermitted him co use
"giant" pow�er to improve the �Iortr,{1;ngqua fcr Iog drives by blasti:�g obstruc�ions
frc� the channe�. nlake�ey's nla�s �o obtai:z exclusive use o� �':^� ^sorth r,mncua
ran intio �ierce oQ�osition �rom the Ros�burg Plaindealer but ::is �etit•_cn was
c?�anged �a accornmodate object.ions ar.� was con{irra�d ir� 1903."� ;,.e cor,ipan�:'s �oom
cn the Nor4h i;mgqua br�ke in Februaxy �.90Q� b�t iate� that spring t:;ey co„structed
criys and booms on the river anc cut logs to be us�d a� �::e ,vinch�st�r �oor,:,��
7�r_�c �'�p=i1, ane of the log dr�vers c�rcwned bringinc �.nese �.oas from 23 mi? es
east cf Roseburg.�' B;,akelEy co:s�le}ed the basis for t=,e eomnar.y's c�era�ion bv
nt:rchasing D;:mu;.e�on's sac,�iil and leasing frcm him 9�70 acres i; "•Ii.,c:�ester 3�;ac-
ent to *: south bank of t? *7or�h L'mp�ua (-ig. 1g).
34
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37
By early August 1904, Blakeley's firm had been transformed into the U�pGUa
Improvement Company with an access of eastern capital. That month the Timberman
carried this g�owing description of the co�pany's plans written by its president,
George A. SteeI:
The U�pqua Improvement Company are now erectzng, at [.4inchester], a
sawriill w_th a capacity of about 50,4QQ feet per day, on the south
side of the P�orth Umpqua River. Early in the coming year the Company
e�ects to raise the dam in the North U�pqua River, and put in head
ga�es, crib work, etc., necessary in the constzuction of a boomage
ground and log pond capable of haiding from 4�,OQ0,000 tn 50,OG0,000
feet o� Iags. �his pond will be absolutely shut away from any danqer
of loss of logs, even at extreme high water, 3nd will enable the eompany
�o run thezr mil3 eontinuous�y, withaut.risk of loss from this source.
As soon as the boomage ground and Iog pond is co�pleted, the co�par.y
will �roceed with the erection of a sawmill ha�ing a capacity of
100,000 fe�t per day.
This compa:.y contra�s tne �ranchise for running laqs a�3 other for�st
products in tihe North Umpqua River as well as a31 the availab��
space Fcr �comage grcun�s, and sawtnill sites at this point. Owi�g
te tne fact that the 5outhern Pacific Railrpad cr�sses this river
at right ang�es, at [V?nchaster, t�is is the only �oint from which
lum�er shipments can be made..... mhis company nas already secured
tiinber [a �arge percentage sugar pine], a� its present esti�ated
capacity Co last it for at least ten years.
^he ."lorth Umpqua River �as been pronounced, by ex�erts in t�e driving
o� streams, to be the best driving str�am in Orecon or �asnington [!)
It lv 5ing'ulariy iree ircr: S�iiftirlg 5a27d baYs and c�rdvei snoais, w:ic::
:�ake the naviga�ian of many streams for sawloas troublescr.te and
expensive. r�aut $lOd,000 nas ��en expended an ir,zprovr�ments upon �h2
stream, in blasting rocYs and removing obstructions, and tnis work wi1.I
'ne comnleted by the construction of shear �coms, where necessary
uuring t:�e pr2sent 3.ow stage of water.
:he company did not register its �rand, U, with t:ce Douglas Co;�n�v Cler,�;
s
antil ,�ar.uar�° 9, I9fl6. J � week later their mar.aqer, Grant Taylar:' °
state� t:�a� a'r��ut �,i5u,uuu fee� o� iogs nad been dumped into �he
river at Racic Creek [RL'� 35.6I , about 25 miles a.�^,ove 4�inchester,
and that some o� the logs should beqin to a_rive at the nzl� wit;:in
the ne:st few days. U�on their reaching tne mill, trre 3.ogs ��rill '�e
hau�ed �pan dry land, it being dee:�ed inadvisa�le to try to noid
t?�Fem ir: :sig~ water.
J O
So much for one of Steel's assertions in I904, The Roseburg Review �ecar,ie
enthusiastic a few days later when same of the logs began to arrive at Winc�ester:��
�Iotwithstanding a rise of s�ven feet in the river during a period o£
24 hours, the logs were safeZy controlled and held in �he river at
their destination, demonstrating that lagging can be carried on success-
ful�y in the river �egardless of how high tne water might be.
�priver, 'GZide' a�so sent a positzv� report in early �ebruary, raferring ta the
conpany by its old name: "Oregon Boom & Tisnber Co. has been successful in
flaating logs so far." Yet by the middle af that manth, after a week's miiling,
�he saws shut down because they wer� not able to secure enouqh logs.��
In early January 19Q7, Louis G. �umbletvn reported that many sawiogs had
gone over winchester bam during high water, and Fred B�akeley wrote to the
Gardiner MiZi Company about them the next manth. Simu�taneously, however,
KendalZ Bros,, the eastern owners o£ Umpqua Improvement issued another pu�f:
'btagnificent Tiriber'... the Umqquas and th�ir tributaries, which
practically drain the entire county, wi11 be the great highways
for handling these vast bodies of timber.
The mocking echoes of Saubert &:�oble resound�d through all these transactions.
B1akelQy r�maine� Vice Presiden� of �he Um�qua Impzovement Company and was
still emp3oyed �y them to buy timber clazms for 30 miles above tdinchester as
late as 1909, but during both January and November high waters again took thezx
driv�s,and swept theM over the dattt and out to the Pacific (Figs. 20-2�):��
Burzr,g the �anuary niah waters we have again lost considezab�e
quantity of logs bran�ed with the letLer "U" and also with the
3etter °C" and we ;�ould ask 4hat yau iGardir.er Miil Company)
kindly take them in as previously a;.d a11ow us for them as they
come an to your mill and are scalec3. We think we have lost
200,000 feet.
Th� com�any s�rip�ed their mill of machi.n�ry; it had obviously not fulfilled a.ts
grandiose plans.
39
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Downrivar the Um�qua was used for a shart-iived and fata3 ef�or� to �ring
lags to a mill at �lkton in �510. Qscar Saarner had Iogs cut near Keliogg about
12 miles upstrea.m from Elk Creek. In preparing the boom cable, Warner's boat
upset and he suffered such injuries before and after his rescue that he succurnbed.
The mill did not operate, and log driving ceased on that section of the Umpqua
as well.�
Only in tha lower four or five miles of th� main river above the nead of
tzde d�d successful driving reguiarly occur. The Scottsburg corresp4ndent of
the Roseburg Pia�ndea�er wrate:
William Sagabend took advantage o£ the rise in the river ta float
his rafts of Zogs into tidewater. He was as successful as usual.
10 Decembe� 1891
Parties who had logs rafted taok advantage af high water to run
them down the river.
28 March 1895
'I'he recent rise nf the river was a baon to those who wished to run
Iags down ta the mill. T�Tilliam Sagabenc3 ran one raft, aZso the
[A. C.] Butler Bros. il Fehruary 1897
Rabert and Fred Gr�be of 7�ong Prairie (P,M 34--35) also ratt�d I.ogs for Gardiner
:�ill Company in I89'7. Clzris Hacker put in logs at Sig Eddy with axer. {F:.g. �3) .
i3
He:
would brinq the logs to a kind of bluff an �he ather side o£ t?:a
xiver and they were brinr�ing them in on a kinci a� ski.d road.
They would run them over, ar jack screw them, ar anyway they
could get trem over into the river. There was a deep place and
they would ra°t thpm •*_o ta�Ce t�em down to Scot�sbuzg and ... to
Gardiner Luzt�er �fi11.
"�il�er Bros. even mounted a successzul drive of oilinas from Elkton to tidekater
during the sur,uner of 19�4 (Figs. 24, 2�?.'� buring the same ;✓ear �. �. �ohnson
�ut i.n 4Q0 logs at Big �'duy above Scot�sY�urg and took them out in th� Decer:z�;er
h��h waters.��
41
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The Great Depression brought forth a final scheme to use the Umpqua from
the £orks a� Meirose �o tidewater in order to float out the still virt�aliy
untapped forest resources of Douglas Coun�y. The U. 5. Boom & Logging Co.
ntade application for a franchise on this reach and its important tributaries
{except for the �reempted Smith Ri.ver and Mill Cree�) in October 1933. During
the hearing before the Public Utilities Commissioner at the end af the fol�owing
montn, they argued that �he river was the only practicable way to get out the
billions of board f�et of timber in the area. A quarter af it was a�taining
the overripe stage and timber owners were losinq their holdzngs at an alarming
rate because of tax foreclosures. The corporation foresaw little difficulty
in driving the main river, their principle investment wou3d be in boo�ing
grounds on the sauth side of Cannerp Island where five raft pockets would be
set out in which ocean going �o� raftis would be cons�ructed. This location in
the river's estuary was chosen so that surges from win�er freshets wouZd be
mknimized. Althpugh mos� of the logs would �e floated out ta Columbia Aiver
or Grays Harbor mills, it was hoped that �he booming grounds and use o£ the
:nain river for log transnort would revitalize the saw mills at Reedsport. 5uch
rejuvenaticn was further antici�ated because the Corps of £ngineers was extending
tre jetty and dsepening the harbor entranc�. This was the las� project tor
driving the main river, the application was nEVer acted upon, ar.d no drives
'6
occuried.`
�7
C�MMERCIAL FISHING
Besides the occa5ional log drives on the UmQqua, widely sgaced in
time and place, the river alsa su�ported a commercial fishery. In 1903 when
the Fish Commissian was beginning its licensing program, persons from the
f�llowing places ahov� Scottsburg on the Umpqua obtained commercial lic�nses:
Roseburg, Umpqua Ferry, Winchester, Millwood, oak�and, Kellog, �lkton, and
Wilbur. Most of the devices used were se� nets, but C. Harn►on and Charl�y
Matthews of Roseburq employ�d gill nets. Steve and H. F. Pearson Bros. o�
Winchester used set nets. The latter descrihed their operation (Fig. 26):��
When we moved to Winches�er E�out 1893) my father [James Pearson]
bought same nets from an ald man who had been doing a little fish-
zng there, and this was the start of about a quarter of a century
of salmon fishing by the Paarsons. in the North Umpqua we used
the set net in most areas, due to the rdugh character of the riv�r
bed. The giil neti and the set net are exactly alike; both are gi11
nets in that each is designed to catch the fish by becaming
entangled in his gi�ls. A set net is anchored or otherwise held
stationary, while the giZl net is free �o drift along with the
current when in use. Set nets are efficient only in eddies or in
very sZow-rnovinq water, hence the many breakwaters that appeared
on nearly every avai�abie rock or ledge at �inchester; we built
these breakwaters ot rods and timber to create eddies az slack water,
placing our nets helow them.
one end of (our set] net was tied to the outer end of one of our
breakwaters, from which the net extended downstream along the edqe
ot the current. It was suspended in the water vertically, like
a curtain; the upper �dge of the net was fastened to a fioat 3ine
of cotton rape kept a�3oat by wooden or cork fZoats; the lead Iine,
at the hottom edae ot the net, was anchared to each end and kept
lying on the bottom of the stream ny �eans af lead s�nkers strung
or hammered on the �/4 inch cotton rope of the lead Iine at what-
ever intervals were necessary to hoid it dawn. The webbing of tha
net itself was made of strong linen tiwine, the meshes of net being
of a size calcuiated to entangie ar gill salmon and steelhead ot
average size.
Dur catch of salmon was packed in fish boxes and shipped to market,
fresh from the river, aboard the express cars of the Sauthern Pacific
trains that stapped at Winchester station. Mast of our fish were
shipped to a Salem market, although same were accasionally sold in
Eugene, Albany, and Pdrtland.
We kept no records prioz to 1908, but in the years that fal�owed
the r�caras of Pearsan Bxothers (�y brother 5teve and myself)
show that we soid 380,548 gv�.u�ds oP dressed sa�mon, approximately
46
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450,OQ0 pounds in the round, the majarity of whzch were taken in
the Winchester area by �he use of set nets.
Upriver at Glide, Itobaxt T. Blakeley recal�ed in 1938 that salmon had been seined
at that location from boats with the net anchnred t� the shore. A days haul
would regularZy bring in fifty to sixty £ish a� 40�60 pounds weight. Millwood
reported in March 1901 that fishing there during the past month had been poor,
i� was "hardly ennugh to pay the fishermen for their boats and nets."�
The upriver Umpqua fishery was impartant enough to warrant a 1913 statute
restricting co�nercial fishing belaw the Winchester Bam on the North Fork and
the Aaron �tose Fiour Mi�� Dam on �he South Fork to ceztain months of the year
and prohibiting it above a goint 160� feet below the dams except by hook an8
line angling at aZi times.
Fixed net fishing was not the only means used �o take fish commerciallp on
the North Umpqua and the main stsrn as K. F. Pearson related:
In addition to the use of nets, salmon were caught commercially zn
the Umpqua by trolling with hook and line from a boat. Once I
jauraeyed down the Umpqua in a rowboat fio troll for the silverside
salmon, and ta give the reader an idea row pl�n�iful th� supply of
fish was in eariier days, I tralled 49 days one season and caught
887 salmon. These silversides averaged nearly 14 pounds apiece,
and i sold them to one of the four salmon canneries then operating
�n `h'inchester Bay f�r approximately 4��nts p�r paund. Fish�rman"�
catch records show that from 1923 �o I94b a to�al of 17,479,Qfl4 Ih�.
of silverside salmon were taken from the Umpqua, ar approximately
1 1/2 ntillion silvers. In the same period the Chinook catch totaleci
4,400,460 lbs., or approximatel_y �76,OQ0 chinook salmon.
I occasionally fished the l.ower U�pqua £or shau whiah were taken
manly for the�r egqs, or roe. This was dorte from boats at ni�,nt
with dip nets.
48
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This cre�k and its tributaries above Drain sustained more successful log
driv2s than anI other waterway zn tne U�Fqua basin. As early as 1853 Ne�ator
.iulvaney nad a sawmil3 at Drain. In 188Q there were four sawmills in �ass
Creek and Yoncaila precincts. The two oc,med by C. F. �olvin and Trurioie & Daur
nbtained }heir logs from Elk Creek whi�� those of �. �. Johnson and �. G, Pass
secured tHeirs fron Pass Cree:�. In Elkten precinct A. H. Rone st�ted th�t hG
r�ceived his logs from the Up�er Cala�coia. The El;cton F�iill Co., built by
Henry 3eckley and associates in 3878, obtained its logs from the mountains along
Elk Creek (Fig. 27j. In the same high water cf 1879-80 which �a� �roved
di�astrous Eor Saubert & Voble at Rose�urg, t�ley alsa Iost their lcgs.
Furtrer evid�nce e�erg�s fro� fihe 1880's reg�rding t�e use of t:e streans
in the watersh�d �or Iog �rives. �. G, :�al3ing wrate in �883:
°almer & Bros. have a steam saw mi11 on Pass cr�4k zn D�ain. The
year�y product is �,�CO feet, though t�e �ill has a eapacity
of lO,QOQ feet per day. T�e tz:nber, principall�� fir with some
as�, oak, alder and maple, is cst on Pass and Sandy creeks and
rafted aown to the mill.
Palmer died durinq the loa driv� of Decemb�r t�at same year:
SP.D FATE OF ;�IL� E. PALf�i�r^.
Deatn`s Terribie �dork of Destruction
:he Y:eavy rains �or a z"ew days priar ta Christmas had raised the
r�ountain s�reams to suc ; an exten� that ouz saw r.till :.i�n desirQd
�O iIi�T7L'QVv'' i.:'?� �ill'ic � i+ W'f'i2 'v�di.cT wa5 � uSi. r1��"i� � t0 ruit ��'i�ir'
logs intc the mill beosns. The Palmer �rotners of Drain Stawion,
?;ave u fine lot o� ieas on Sandy creek, a branch of �ass creek,
startec� or. C�rist�as morning, just before �aylig�:t, wi�h a n�.un�er
o� men �or t:ie p�ace where Lheir Iogs were. ��ter a fe:a hours o�
nard ia�or, t::e1� succeeded in starting every one down str�a�n.
Everytn�ng seemea to be warking fnr �heir advantage, and al� har_ds
f�lt �ig:'�ly elated, ar.d esNeciall,� the Pal^ier boys, w'r.o �ave �aeer
la,�,or�ng w:�zh great aeal to �a3ce t:�eir :�i1Z a�aying ins�itution.
�ut heretofare it has 3een up ?:i�l business with them, as thelr
�nere unsuccassful in getting a�1 �heir logs to t�e miil last �ea=_cn.
;dcw tzat t: �y had �u�n a fine lot af '_ous on t?�e wav dcK-n �o �he
:�il�, wn�re t:ey woul� i�oo:� ther.� i:� a*e� :�ore ��urs, t:��y hegar.
�o s�.� a brzgnte_- futur� dawn, ana visians of �aid �aM cr�4itors
a:.� ::o�.e cc:�.far�s arese �efore the:r.. But, alas! in *:n� ,
SO
of safety and happiness, we poor �artals are surrounded by danger
anci sorrow, ior, a little after 9 o'clock, while �•�Ti31 E. , t:e
old�r af t?�e two �rothers, was stanc3ing an the bank of the creek,
near a ciuin� of maple trees, c:�eeri�y assistzng tne boys who were
on the logs, one of a cluin� of maples, a dead and decayed one,
which had become 4hor�ughly soaked by the rain, suddenly broke
off wi.thotzt the ��ast sound, or warning to Will, and struck aim
on tne head, crushing the aack part of the sk�il and otherwise
fracturing it, causzna his instant c�eath. Some one on the logs
saw the maple fall, and yelled for him to run, bu� owing to the
rush of the wa4er and su�denness of the occurrence, �he dire
calanity fell upon t�ill, without the least chance of saving
nimself_
An �850's photogranh of t:�e Mul.vanev sawmill, then at Hudson, e�ists as does a
pic*ure o£ release o� water from the splash dam they usecz on Sandy Creek (Fias.
L8, 29). �obert anlauF's camp was nhotograph�d in opera�ion during 1838 and
pictures thz creek a�ove his camp cnoked with logs (Fig. 30).
In 1883 �ryant &�weeney had a sawm311 zn Scott Valley on upper Eli Creek.�
Tl�ere ma_y have �een atte�npts to run logs to this mill as these enigr;iatic lines
from Apri1 �38� suggest- "'Ihe day tripetn, the creek roareth, the loys jamet�:
�ut t::e :"laod dam above the sawmz�.l or,ly makes noise." Charles �-,pplegate, �escenc-
ant of the far,�QUS Oregon pa.oneer w�:o settled at Yonca�.la, recai�ed a mi11 in Sca�ts
C'al�ey built up ��ams Creek (�M 36. 2) �ay a man na:�ed Spangenberg w:a:�
��rs't ilau a wate�-oc�werec sa�..� It1111 on t3iow Cxeek �I1GW Cox Creek,
?�:�". 33. 9� ar.� :�e moved t;is mi11 to �da.^is �reek by ox te�s. ....
Trle mill was first supplied *aith loas cut near the mill site
a7d... when t:�e avai�a�la timber near �; e mill cvas cut, the Iog-
ginq cret•rs built a dacn �urtl.er up �;;e �reFk an� �ogge�? ir.tc �:.e
new nond created by tne new dain, t} logs beir.q °lumed from tn�
r,ew pon� dowr. to t?�e origirsal pond at �.he mi11. L�It�en �he yiinber
witnin reaci� o� tne ne*rr pond *aas all cut, t.e Nrccess was rei �a�ecl,
a ��;ir�' 3an ; eing built still nigh�r up ��dar=�s �ree?� and t�e £! ume
exter.d�d to reach it.
rori�l ,.,I.- F...' �i..... ,nnnr_
�+_.yu_ ic4v�.ri� lvi 4:1C 1C:>ll ., �iV(_ �iea�er eVl�.'�ri�� cancer:�ing 1�g uSljliil-f�i
o:� EI{ Creek and i�s t.ri�utaries. Dorrace L,;.unber Co, of Saf�Iy (I'.:4 ��-5 Pass
�reen, also cal�eu� �.udscr? �3istr�buted its �reoerty to its credi�ors ^�:z :�uc�:vt
1a�0, and t:en i "logs along ?�ass Cr�ef: �etween tre saw mill plant a::d
..:�e
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54
on Little Sandy bEtween the mouth and Sectian 15 within 3 miles of the said
mill." Ha�ry �eaton, wno drove the logs betw�en �ovember 1889 and August
�890 and is zmmor�alized in the huqe phatomura3 in the main corridor of the
�ouglas County Courthouse, alsa descxibe� the operation in the mechanics lie.^.
he filed against Dorrace on Auaust 2, 1890 (�igs. 3I, 32):
Theze are now a large nuinber of said saw logs upon wnich I hav�
bestowed work and lal�or .., at the boom of said corpozation at
the Mill at Hudsan, on the waters of Pass Creek and banks thexeof
and an the waters of Little and Big Sandy tribu�aries therenf and
above their banks aanounting to at least one and one-half miZlion
fe�t, That said saw logs camprise all the saw logs at said boom,
-on �ne water of Pass Creek, -Little and Big Sandy, -an� the banks
tnereof. Some a�� ;narked "B", some "R", some "V" and some "C"
and all axe stamped with a+.
The neast drives about which �He have infcrr,lation is 'to an entangled sexies
af transactions relative ta lags floated to the �. C. Palr�er sawmi3l during
1891-°3. The Palmer mil3 at this tirne was on Elk Creek below Boswell 5prings
about 1 1/2 - 2 milas southeast af 3rain ac3jacent �o the Southern Pacific railroad.
�lson and later Sen tdatkins lagged for the mill, the �ormer with ox�n, t:�e iatter
with six harse�. Henry C?iurchill began laggir.g �or them in t�ie }.880's. Ir.
September 13�1 Palmer had some �ogs on the creek va:iously branded with a:;,
2 nacks, or a pun4n. rie hired {ti•;m. } Cathcart an3 ;:ienry) Churchi�.l to driv'e th�
logs to his :nill at $3 per tnousand feet for 12-32 foot logs and $4 for logs av�r
32 feet in length.
3eginnina 13] �Ct0�2�' 1��� � �3�:!Cdr� Sc r�ha.;�C:":1i� u���V�r'�4: ���'���v`J�'i F22�
Qi SA�' 3PiC� Cedc3L' Sr3W 10�'j. S C'.'.OV�Til �i:E' Cr4�@i{ ��OIll �'1e �d]iCS Oi �LO-�' � CYli2� S i `
3oswel�, Ch. 6�Tolf4rs and „oF �rair. (Fig. 33a) . _he :.ig�est no-�t rrnm �.�`�; �,'�
lcffs :verp broueshti down Elic Cre�k w=as the Iands of �oscheon, 7 rz.vew miles abov�
�he :�i? 1(near P'1 34} . Geveral brands marked �:c yogs ir_ the �rzve: C;Cathcart �
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a lien on the logs branded C for �he wark he put in b��ween �anuary and �pril
i392 at $1.25 �er �ay for cutting and sawing tne Iogs and $2 per �ay �or driving
thecn. �
In September, Cathcart & Churchill placed a lien against Pa3mer for the
loc�s they 'r:ad dziven. The clair�s led to a cour� case in which Palmer arg�sed
���at Cathcart & Churchill had cut the brands frori the logs he already had in
t�e stream and rebranded them with t'�eir marks; ?�ut in a number o= rott�n logs;
and from April to July, when the river was too lo;a to get tY:e logs �a th� mill,
t�ut in many logs zncluding the longer, :nore expcnszve kind to irflate their bi�l.
The case was fur�.her complicated because other loggers put logs in the creek
after Cathcart & Churcnill (in all there were �8 dumps along the creek in 1892}
and in 1893 aalmer J.os� 40Q,000 feet of the combine� graup af lags from his
:oon �looded out.��
The high water o� �ece�:ber 1893 that took down tialmer's Iogs also swept
over a thousand �,�gs of Per;t�ns & Haly�ield down EIk Creek for half a mile where
t:iey fortunately l.odged. It alsn washed away the fourteen year old tr.ill and boom
of Henzy �ec;�Iey at Elkton. The latter faci�ities were reb�ilt but suffered
_hA �a�e ga`n f.���� , roar� 1�*er.
�
�n 1395, nowever, the �nill at Hudson on Pass Creek go� one thousancl logs
down durz.ng sprir.g high waters. Throughout �he years i89o-Q9, Levi Berkley or
T'�ain logged fcr Pa��er Lumber Company.�� A pho�.or{raph exists o� Otto Anlauf
logginq on u;.per Pass �reek in 1899 (F�g. 34).
D�ring :�Iarch 1898, Durbar � Co, comnletPd a 20, C00 �oat per day sa�rr.r�il1 in
�itch�y �an;�on, 3!niles northwes�. of �rair. (RN! 21) , Jaco� Ritc�:ey ancz Le:� ���ais
.��re to suYply �?:e Iogs that season.�� Thrse years lacer 0. :•7. and �suac Ch1sPz
con:racr_� ,_o ss���ly Zocrs �n the mill. In Jul� or.e of �hei� ?owg�rs �1�c�::d a
i�en e: 3a^,'JGC ��et �� logs �rande� 0 tne�� had cut and �laced _.. �'�� �_�ek.��
59
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6q
These references could refex to logs in a boom on Elk Creek, however, rather
than use of the streazn For drives zn that reach.
Dec ��ber 3898 found A. E. Cooper blasting rack out of �ower E1k Crpek ir.
order to raft liunber from his Brush Creek sacvmill (RN3 12.5) to �lkton. In
the next decade Wil�.iam H. and H. H. Stark faunded Stark Lumber Co. at Elktan.
Henry H. Churchill delivered 248,273 feet of lags into Elk Creek for their mill
in July �.907 and (�. J. );evins &(E1mer) Chambezs delivered 167, OOfl feet of
sawlogs branded L and C into Elk Cree3c fo� them during th� succeeding six months.
Stark went bankrtipt and the mii3 was reorganized as the Elk Creek Luriber Co.
Logs for it were cut aZong the s�opes and bottom lands of E1k Creek and moved
to the creek by teams and Iog jacks. They were then floated down Elk Creek to
the si3e booms in the mill's pond (Figs. 35, 36b}, It was during this period that
��. H. 3anes of Elkton wrote ta �he Gardiner Mill Company requesting thetti to pay
for any of the sawlogs branded + which Y�e had l.ast and which he hoped the
Gardiner mi11 had caugnt.���
John Binuer purchased the mili in I9�5, and t:�e following year constructed
a sp�ash dam above the pxesent highway tunnel (£u�f 7) w:�ich backed the creek up
abaut twa miles (Figs. 36a, 37). Tl�e splash gates did not sup��y suf�icient
�low, ho*aever, anc3 tihe attempt was abancioned. The mill operated under new owners
until. 1920 or 192I.
103
There was further use of t�:e creek's headwaters above Drair, durinq the f�rst
decade of this cent�ary. The Drain Luizber Co. Y?ad 800,�40 f�et of logs in ti:e
cr�ek in June 1904. �n March }�905, :tiel�.z:;er on Yoncalla Cr�ek expected enoug:�
Y�ra�.er ir. the cr�ek botn �o run �l:e mill ana for l�gging pur�.os�s. `I'he reason
�or �he lat �er concern was t� t 5ke31 �y L•.�.':w�r Co,' s:
�CC"j5 We�2 r1SI1 dQW7] d C�:L' ��.' �r'OEl1 "Tt!P r Zd�S" �Q 8.1111T Creeic � tP2T1
flooded ar splasn-ciar4 to the sak.aill. Tr,� ium,�er cut at t'�e
mi�l was f1�Tned cown tq �lk Creek Ln �out�: D��in, t:e �I�une beir.g
abaut 5�/2 miles lcng..... T::er� was a c��w c� Yn or F� men
61
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employed in the �ill and Zogging there..... The mili employed
two flum� walkers, whose duty was to patral the f2ume between
the mill and Drain. A man was killed at Skelly by falling out
of the mill into the f�ume.
High water in February 1906 aiZowed Skelley Lumber to get a fine iot of logs,
The Drazn NonAareil editoriaiized i.n March 1905, "Rains the past week
caUSed the loggers to smile." The £ollowing December fihere were more smiles at
Leona, on Pass Creek, "Owing to the heavy rains �ast week they succeeded in get�ting
a gnod drive of logs and the Mil]. Co. anticipate no furthex trouble." (Fig. 38).
The same year Palmer Lum2�er Co. was again receiving logs down Elk Creek marked
X and C from 3oe Cellers' lanc� (RM 28).�fl$ The Timbermar� explained in July 19Q7
that Palmer's logs were "Driven down Elk Creek about four mi�es, with the aid
of a splash dam." In I3ovesnber 1909, however, they lost 200,000 feet branded
X and � during high waters. The Gardiner Mill Company responded to their inquiry
that they he�ieved most had been swept out ta sea.�'�
Earl "Jeff" Ens].ey. born 1892 in Drain, recalled the �ast years of c3riv�r�g
in the watershed : �'
The bigger outfits usuall.y had machinery, donlcey engines, but there
were still a�ot of ar�itnals used, oxen and harses. They ran the logs
down the �ivers instead af having rail.raads and trucks. In fact,
there were na raa�s, no raads in �h� riqh� place. Most af �he �ills
were on water that they couJ.d Xun logs to. Then they were dammed up
and they wou�d run the Iogs in to the dam and into the miZl. [Ensley
sketched a splash dam] Dn top this dam was boards usually 2x8 or
something iike that... when they got it full - now Lhis dam wasn't
the main dam, it was the one they put in the river up there to get
a head of water to fioat the Iogs - when it got filleci wi.th �ogs up
here, they went down here and this was fixed so they could just flip
up when you tripped t3�em dov�m at the l�ottom here. There was a timber
or board that these boards were behind and when you tripped them, they
would go out this way and the iogs would go down.
In some pZaces they had two or three dams to get them clear out.
Well, they would run them from this one to that one, that one to
that one and finally get the� hame.
e6
Q. �hich rivers around here had this kind of dam on it far Zogs:
�dell, yau wo�ldn't call them rivers, just creeks. The first ene
I can thinY, of rig�t quick, do you know where San� Creek is up
here? There were twa or three, �hree I think, fiood dams on it. f
From thera on �p, well they ran logs down Elk Creek out here
xor - ah, it's been years ago. � was just a kid when they did
that.....
Q. Who were som� of the f irst logqers in this area?
T,deil, let's see, Perkins and Bledsoe used to have a mill, you
know where the river is up here [Leona Mili Co.]. Tfiere was a
mili there and I can't think whn start�d one out on Elk Creek....
out towar�s the waterfall and right in there there was a sawmill
and a�am. I don't know who started it but a guy named Johnson
had it for awhile. They run �heir logs down A�hert Creek. T}iere
used to �e a guy by the name oi Cooper had a mi13 down just this
side of the tunnel, you know where the hridge goes across the
creek from th� highway.....Cooper had a mill on Brush Cre�k dcwn
there.
Q. A lot o� tihese early sawmills had transportation problems
yetting �ogs to a m�ll?
Xes. They were mos�ly on creeks so ti�ey cou�d float �hem down.
The� usua�3y put the mi11 in where tfiey could float them down
the creeks to the mill b�caus� �here were na roads and hauling
lags with an ox team where you cauldn't put a wagon, that was aut.
67
'-'_vrtle Creek
�n the 1880 Census ::orace Lindsay and Zacharie Cardwell each nad a sawmill
��n �iyrtle Creek Pr2cinc� ancl stated they received theix I.ogs on ti.yrtle Cree'.{,
�ut wnich �ranch of t:�e dual strea� is not specified. Felix i�obinson built
a sa„vmill on :dort'� :�yrtle na.ne niles upstream in 1872 whic:� was still aperating
in 1883, Ther� i.s only one specific notice of �Torth Myrtle (Fig. 39b) �aving
:een used ta float wooa. This was dane by Rics Bros, in 190� on contract for
the Oil Comsaany, but ha.gh water carried the cordwood rzght past t:�eir boom.
In '�lay o£ ts�e same yeaz there had been better luck on the Sout:� creek :115
G?. A. Newton just finished floating 200 cords o� railroad wood
down South Myrtle, and wil.l del.iver iti at the railroad �epot.
Edwin Weaver is foJ.lowS.ng nim with I50 cords of drier wood,
which he wi�I. haul from here.
Of the many ventures to force the rAluctant waterways of Douglas Gounty ta
Cd�l"1 logs ta sawmills, perhaps no e€for* was more remazkable t:zan t:�at of
tdilliam P. Jahnson on South *3yrtle Creek. During 1902 he acquired easements
fram pronert� owners along the cree�; to run logs u�on it frosn at least ?�zver
��fiZe Z5.3 to the creek's mouth �elow the tow;. of :�IyrL1� Creek; �he aescription
of t�:ese rzgnts are man_y pages in Iengtn. At the sama time Johnscn bui�k a zlume
to cazry t'�e Nroduct of the sawmill he built at f2iver f�:ile 7 down ta �he �a�:m
of !�yrtZe Creek �,ig. 40}, All these investments, includinq purchase oy ti�ioer
lands, represented a capital outlay oF $30,C�fl. Durincr his xirs� drive on
'^.yrtle Creek above ni� r.;iil in :�iarch ��?0� Jcnr. uic}• 1 �' �^ •,
... r . � v�j'C�'� � CiiO+^liicu :Ji.it�
I17
:�rea�;ing a locr jam. On �uly 22 0� that year C. �. Potts ref;;sed to oY�n his
;�ill dam a� �iver �•lile 14 wnich �ormed the rniil nond �or Potts' nwn �.�wrr_1� =r
t:at Aoin't on the cr�ek (wnich Potts said was not navicable for saw�ogs) in order
to ��ush some o� �7ohnson's locs to nis :nill. Tnis le�? to �n a�tercatior. ir.cluuinq
�o^nson's c3ynamitiiig oL Potts' da� and Potts' elain :.�at t:e easemar.� _�_ use of
08
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his reach of South �yrtle Cr�ek had been fraudulently abtair.ed. Jo'r�nson seems
to nave overcome t��is diFficulty and in November 19Q3 transfo �::ec, his ven�ure
in�c t: e Fr'illiam P, ,7onnson Lu.�er Company, a corporation.� In January 19t16
he sal.� out saying he would "never again iocate on the line a� the Southern
Pacific company." mne nurchaser, .tyrtle Creek Lumber Company, still opera�.ed
the flume ta -�iyrtle GreeY. in }.97.1.� For ai� Johrison's effor�s �o maintai.n �he
riaht to =laat P•Syrtle Creek, h� s�er.�s on3y to have driven t.':e creek above River
;lile 7 where his mill was Iocated. Use of the creek during the s�mmer reauirea
the assistance of an artificia.� splash �rom the �ot�s da�n.
Cther Strea�ns
Hu'aba�d Creek, a tributary of the main Umpaua was the site ❑f ;villiam Be*i;amin
Clarke `s sawmill . In �.868 he ran it raith �iar„es fI. Dixon as a r�artner �or orse year,
y.. �he �84G's and °0's (�onatizan L.?) Saker was Clarke's partner. '��.e comnunity
around ti�e sawmiil rras called ��Ii�iwnod.
The dam was located on E?u�bard Creek some distar.ce abave �'r.e mill ,
and t:ze creek made a large �ena between the dair,site an3 t?:e r;�iil ;
a race was dug �o bring t�e water down ta the mill anc it cut acrass
t:�is b�nd. In order to do so, it was necessary to dig a tunne�
t:�rough an interveninq kncll, and the water of the mill race f�owed
i.:tLt�iiGii �ii5 �iiiit'ici .
4'arious partaes loaued �or the �all during 4he 189C's inciudi.nc ���ard, �cigi:�gton,
Biaden and Co. and Sut't�n Bzos.l
Tn the wir.ter oT 1896 B. B. Sutton �ut 97,•30Q fe�t oi loqs in �:,e cr�e : Fc�
t:E..'::1 tSVO ii1��C�S d�qV"c t7� T1�.Z, t.� i]%dCBC� a 1_en OIi t}7@ ZO�S� `.^.E.'C�xUa2 �'I:@r° :vaS
:.4i en.^+uy:1 :aa�eT 'to �103L t:�m C:Owri. T�'le �Oliq*rli:lc� LalI7tC.'S �i:t�o:l �Gain ? O�uGEC
fior �Zar}:e & 3aker, this tir.ie putting zn 141,0�0 �eet of fir iogs �rcr; i:. i:.
�:hurcni? 1's ].anci Nhich was also about t,vo miles anove �ne mail, �ot'.1 �ots
�� locs dzci no� uome d�wn until `•Iarc : 1399, but t:�e �.cater that carrie� �: ��r - ,aas
so nig�� - as =,aas sc ta�ical in �:.a L'a;pqua hasin -..:.�,t �:�e �oor� �ra::E and �:ey
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As for a small nearby tributary of the Umpqua, Waggoner Creek:�
George D. Madison had a mill and mill pond an Wagner Creek...
At that time it was the anly mill in this area tiiat could saw
boat gunnels long �nough €or Ferry Boats. Ar�d there were lots
and lots of Ferry boats along the Umpqua in those days. There
was a�ermane�t dam oa the creek which mad� the mill pond. Ther�
were twv splash dams on up Wagner Creek, the first of which was
built before �he turn of the century [near RM i], and the upper
dam was built by my uncle, Frank Madison, about 1919-20 [at
Cedar and Hoie in the Ground Cre�ks]. The miZ� and the dams aZ2
rotted away, i don'� knaw exactly, hut would say in the 30's.
32 foot Iogs were splashed out by the dams, some of wh�ch went to the Gardiner
Mill Company, evidently down �he U�pqua.
Most o£ the sawmills along the S1 miles of Cow Creek, which incises a deep
valiey, used the fZume or railroad for transport of their logs, but there were
occasional efforts to drive the stream. In t�e early 1900's James Burch had a
semi-portable mill which cu� mostly raiiroad ties, "Buxch t�aated the ties to
Glendale in a successful driving operation, but a freshet broke the boom at
GlendaZe, scattering the ties down Cow Creek... clear to Riddie." Most of
the efforts to use Cow Creek wexe quit� late. In the fall of 1923, �oe M. Crahane
d�ove a quarter million board feet of fir and pine logs branded W and R between
Peck {RM 16.5) and Ridd�� nea� the creek's mouth. As t}se �ogs were �ying along
that length in December and a lien was levied, on them against the Riddle Lumber
Campany, the drive was not likely to have been a success (Fig. 41?. Despite
fi�is bad experi�nce on the Iower creek, the Cow Creek Boom Company was granted
a franchise in January i926 to bu�l� splash dams and booms and remove rocks from
Cow Creek between Booth a�nd Rec3 Mountain (RM 54.5-77). The company did not,
hawever, take uo the franch�se, ��� Fi n�11v in Fghrliarv � gg? rhQ TTn,i� T.=��,�,
Co. wi.shed to drive Zogs, Qoles, ties, posts, anc3 peeler blocks af 8-16 £oot
lengths down the lower 3 3/4 miles of Lhe West For3c of Cow Creek to bothan.
Perhaps tihey succeeded.
72
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���Mr �
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~ T �
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73
� ��. F����
Fig. 41a. Cow Creak, River �
Mile 8.5.
Juiy 8, 1981
Fzg. 41b. Part of bedrock
reef across Cow Creek, RM $.
July S, 1981
On Bear Creek, a tributary of Tenmil.e Creek, Gurney Bras. had a sawmill
in 1883 pictured by Walling (Fig. 42).�' His illustration indicates use of
an upper dam to store logs and prababiy supply �he flume �o the overshot mii�-
wheel. The flume could nat a.lso carry the Ioqs, so the stream must have been
used to take �hem to the mill pond alsa pictured ful� of logs. In 1906,
'Reston,' a community an Terkmile be3ow BEar Cr�ek, re�rted, "E. L. 8ushne].l.
and sons have succeeded in running their logs to the Boardaean Bros. mi11.n
Mi11 arid Camp Creeks
The Zasti ar►d most successtul drives on the tributaries of the Umpqua were
mounted on Mill Greek below Scottsburg. The history of ].agging nn the cree3s
began far the Gardinex mill in IB83-84; "a Iarge camp of inen cut the timbex and
float the logs down to the Umpqua, and thence to Gardiner, fifteen mi�es below."
AZex Esselstrosrt af Scottsburg logged on Camp Creek in 190b about seven miles
sautheas� of Scottsburg. In June 1946 he was erecting dams on Camp and Comerine
Creeks to assist hxs operation. According to the Gardiner Nli�1 Company
correspondence, Henderson was rafting loqs on Mill Creek duzi.nq the first week
of May 1907, and in June I9Q8 the log boom prevented scows carrying hay from
going up Mill Cree3c. ��is was prabably in the tidaZ section whi.ch extends over
a mile above the creek's mouth. Alex Esselstram wrote, in his distinctive spelling
during i9Q8:�'�
iogs ar going in just £in now and I have got both of the dams
com peat now the half moon gat is in and appern is in to in
the big dam just got don to day.
`:}1�r8 8.r� more 3e }.81ZS �.�'a(3'»} r3��.'.P,e� M�11 r'n���n1 � c� n nr� THi 11 �nri
Camp Cree}cs in 1910 and 1911. During the former year the company had trouble with
the Fish Warden regardi.ng ins�a�Zation of fish ladders in their splash dams. The
company's pasition was that the dams were not c�osed during the periods when
Eish were migrating and that therafore no special aids were needed for the fish.�
74
�IEL �flOPERTY flF �il7RN�Y Bfli3S.
T�rv Mi�.�,DQUG�,as Cn.
1883
Fig. 42.
75
h-�4iwL•�FiM-PORrl�nO-OR.
£sselstrom wrote the following logging reports:��s
T am jeting a long fine and 3 am putzng in qsait lot of logs now and
the Doakeys ar a11 rite.
9 Aug 1911
I got the Donkeys going a gan and halling logs. I got a pretty
goocl ron of logs. got quit m�nney in the boom.
�7 Jan 1912
wall I gat my shut[e) al� don. and hawZing logs now. and T am
going to j�t qut, Iots out. et is a good chaue [show?�.
25 Feb 1912
The campany reported in Sep�e�her 1911 that at the time of the Z91p county assess-
ment they had 78�5 Iogs in the Mill Creek boom which equaled 4,039,932 board f�et
with a value of $14,314.76.
The company's carrespondence with Esselstrom regarding the Camp and Mill
Creek op�ratians takes up again in the years 1914-�15. The company informed him
in August 19�4 that when he set up a new camp on Camp Creek they woulc� give him a
new 1ag brand to use. Alex reported at the end of Octoher:�
waZl ever thing is woorking pretty good, onley it is a long Ha11.
wee ar not jeting very meney logs buL it is big timer. � am using
from 3�5 � 300o ft, of line to jet them.... I havent got to ha1
onley 8 Days in the big gulch, yat. wee have mad an avrag of 50
a Day sa far, atid a baut the big Dam. it is in good shapa.
I woarkad i� a bout a week a go and sloosed a baut 30C or 4�0 Io;s
in the bomm.
wall i wi1J, have �ots of lags in the bom by Spring if wee jet enney
king of a rase
On January �2, �915 he seems to have used an amanuensis:��
I was down to that jam about a week ago with four men and blasted the
rocks away from the frant and rolZed the frpnt logs when the watez
went down I found a little island was halding them.
�'here is about 70d0 logs in the jam all we need now is a fresiset
there has been no raise in Camp Creek to spea3s of tfizs winter.
I thin}c we wili get them in the boom before spring..... I dont
believe in giving things up.
The jam is in hiilZ Creek about five miles above tide water I
started to haul lags just acrvss the creek from the bunk house
'7 6
but the hill was so slick they got to running and started to
break so I had to take them around and �own a dry gulch.
T�ere is about 1400 logs to take out of that p�aca before I
move above the lit�le dam.
At the present I am hauling about 3000 feet about two thousand
with the roac3er and a thousand or twelve hundred feet with the
yarder..... After we get throuyh on this show we will have a
godd chance for the rest ot tiie season so I am figuring on a
qood many thousand lags this season.
The foZlnwing i3ovember he came dawn from the camp and noted loose iogs in Ma.l�.
Creek and recommended that the boom be closed in arder tio catch them when the
next storm occurred. In June 1916 from Camp 9 he wxote that he had hauied 1756
logs equal ta 1,372,369 feet.�' At tize end o� the year the Gardiner Mill
Company burned to the ground and tizey transferxed their Iogging operatians ta
Jewett MiZ�, but as 3.ate as �anuary 19I9 many of their logs w�re in Mill Creek
ahove the head af tide awaiting a freshet to ta3ce them out.� Although they
had withdrawn from actzve opera�ions, as in connectiion with their Smith River
operations, Gardiner Mi1Z Company applied for and obtained a franchise from the
Pub�ic 5ervice Comanission in 1917 to �se dams and booms and dzive Camp and Mill
Creek. when they decommissioned thezr Smith River Baom fxanchise in 1932 tney
maintained their rzght on Mi�l anc� Camp cxeeks.`�`
In April af that same year, 1932, �ouglas Fir I,ogging & Booming Campany,
Nonda Anderson, President, asked for a franchi�� to imprave MiIZ Cr�ek vn t,he
basis of nonuser by Gardiner Mili Company. The improvements they proposed were
fihe bZasting and removing of huge bdu�.c3ers below Li�a �utlet o� Loon Lake {Fig, 43a)
and installation of a splash dam there "ta afford an unobstruct_ed passage far
the flaating of lags, lumber and other timber products in 'the waters of said
Loan Lake down said Mill Creek." They asserted that upper Mi�3. Creek was navi-
gabie �'or sawlogs in extreme winter high water and Mili Creek below Camp �reek
in ardina�y winter high water {Fiq, 43h). They Qlanned to market a biiJ.ion
board feet of fir, cedar and hemlock fxom Loon Lake and Mill Creek,
7?
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�'ay bladison o� s•Iinches�er recalled in June 1Q8� ti;e 3.at�er da�rs o� sp��s ;
da.m iogging on Ca;�p anc� "•lill Creeks fF.�qs. 4�-�5) :�'�
I started working for Gardiner Lum.ber Co. in 1937... for :ioward
I-iinsdale at $6.00 per day! That �aas SIG rrtaney in those 3ays.
TY:e splash dams I k_now about, there wer� 4 an Camta creek and one
�n :�Iill crepk �ust �elo:a the mouth of Camp Creek. I worked on
t?�e hiill creek and lower two Carnp Creek Dams as we�.3 as splashing
the logs.
T:�e da.�s �e �uilt on Camp Creek were at bout I5 and I7 mzles up
the Creek, and were built about a year before �he or.e at �iill Creek,
tahich was built a}�out t�e end of the 30's or ear�y 4Q's. Tne milJ.
Creek dam splasi:ed logs all the way to the Umpqua. These three
dams were a?�out 12-14 foot high.
T::e two older sr�lash dams above ours on Camp Creek, a smaller one
f�.�rthest up Edon't know how far o� how nigh it was), an� the larges
of tne two whi.ch was apnroxi�nately 24 €t. h�.gh, and located about
5-6 .^,iil�s above n� u�per dam was abl�e to splas;� Iogs aIl the way
to the LTmpqua. T:ese t�ao upp�r dains were built �efore the turn of
the century, hut were gone by the time we were woricing on the Creek.
I go} most af this infcrmation trcm Hai Ess2lstram wha warked wi�.h
me on the Camp Creek Bams, as these upper dams were built by his
f at�Er's brother Alex Esselstram for Gardiner Lumber Co. There was
an old building near t?�e site of th� 'aigger dam, which tve saw when
ae a up the o�d road from Scot�sburg up ovEr Car.tp Creek: ar.d
in�o Lflon La?ce, so the Cruisers could get in to work this area.....
I��rould say that the Mili Creek dam was protcab�.y the last one built.
These dams were in use from approxzmately 1939 thru 1942. They w�re
all impassab�e to fish. {�30 ladders? At hig�: water, however, �h�
fi ch rni - t� ?!1� i is� �t, r� M�11 ^�noU . y::� �:';�: :�'0�:� : yd�'.:�
by the hundreds in t�e r�ool below our first daan up Camp Creek. Some
of the fellas use� ta c�o up after work and throw a stick of �xr.:stita
into tne pool and take home a sack �ul�. of fish for dinn?r:
These darns we used were closed d� i�g the wint�r �ime, as t:at �aas
the time w� splasheci logs, but were left open during the su�':fer.
As �o t�:e frequer.cy✓, .a.eper.d.�...g cn t �� a.-neunt cf wa�er a-�ai�a��e
and t�:e number of Ioqs there Y.a �e sp? ashed, z wa�a:id say we
spla�ne� ever�= week ar two.
ThesE dat;s we�e not �hvsicaZlv rPmovPC�. ThPV ��TCt rnfT�r. �w�v ,��,:;
� � 1 _ "' _"'_ _"'_ J _�._ __..�.-- ._...-. ..�.�...
,�ash�d OLit Wlt�l t].IDe. T'��"iG33 Z FIIOVE.'C'a .. t'O t:^.e dr�'d =?: 1g�1 � i GvAn �
up lonking for �?:e old ciams. The one on :?ill Creek =�ras a? 1�cne,
all I could see was th� holes 2'r.ad drilied inta the bedrock. :�o,��-
ever at t::at t�^:e the abut�„ent of the lower Car,�n Czee� �,am -has sti'_;
there.
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�efore we cauld splasn any 1ogs, they wou�d ser�d out the cuttirg crew
to cut a11 the windtalls on both sides of th� craeks t��at might hola
up �he logs when they were splashed. A11 these newly cut logs had
to �e branded be=oze the splasn, sa L�ayd P•Seyer and I, :e an one si�e
o� the creek and I on the other, with anly one bran�ing �ar,uner betweer:
us, so we had to keep t: it back and forth across the creek,
and make it ail t�e wa_y up ta where they were logging at the camp,
and before they quit for the day so we co��ld get a ride home. The
next da_y Haward Hinsdale brou�ht us u� a boat and we put it in at t:�
mauth of Ca�-�n creek and branded logs down �"ill Cr�ek to tt�.e r.:outh of
.'�lill creek. Before noon when we were coming down b?ill creek �,�re went
over a little 3-4 foot fa11s, anti t�.e water came o;�er ard fi11e� ti�e
: ack of the boat and sunk it to �::e bottom! .....
Breaking up jams, �Nhere the iags :�ung up on gravel bar� ar rcc;��
points, was done wath dynama.te. :�hile �reakin[ one of these jar;is,
wher. it �roke, we were fl.oatiing down t�!e ri��er on the first of these
;a.-ns, when it broke, we were floating down the river on the £irst
logs. We made our way to the c�osest log �o the �ank :�a1 and 2.
but Lloyd �Iyers was in netween the lo,s, anu by t'.:e �ime we coulc
pu�l him up onto a log, he had worn aZl the hide aff the insicte oz
:is e��ow and ;�ne� fiahtin�, fa� ? lif�. Then we ;u::�ned into the
:varer and wadeci ashare.
After the iirst year of s�Iask w��en vre kaew �,v'r.ere t::e �ogs ;�ad
been hangi:�g �p on qravel bars, _ocky points, and 4ahere they had �een
was�:ed out c€ the cr�ek, I went down Ca. Creek and clear 3nwn "di�i
Creek, ;vit� a Cat with a sled carryinq Gas, ��.esel, air com�ressor
and on t::e aacx end Dynamitz. i put the �eacl:ed 1�gs into tne cree3c,
shot out the �a.c rocks and c3.eaned �hz creek aJ.l �hn way so thAre
woul�� be no more hangups.
�lasir.q t:.ese dams in the cold of winter a cour��e of iner. working in
a�aut 2 foot of C�LD water na� to set �:�e spiash d� bac:c in �osi*ior......
�*_h�n�: the ::1ain reascn �hey s�orped sp� as�ing �0�5 i if Chel� dicr.' �
get a�aac heaci oz water, t: logs would out�un tI�e water an� take
the sca�e off. �s the sur�ac2 water runs `aster tnan the �ot�o:r..
�'�lt! t:e 3.ast drives ciown t^_e two creeks w�rA :�ace dari.r.g ;darid 4dar I�,
�ar�iner �"ill Campany dic r_ot �ina1�1� surze�ider �.ts �oom `ranc�ise unti� i?.,�
Gf te� Iegislat�an ?ress��? �_v �'_:e s�flr �s f� shi� a i:�terest en��d s�lasn ua:r. ? oagi �g
' y G.
in �r�gon.
�3
�cor��nAT io�
The State, through the Public Service Commission un3er its powers in
Chapter 128 0� tile Laws of 1917 deterinined that the Smith River was a navi--
gable stream for Iog flotation during regularly recnrring seasons of each
year (otherwise it could not legally have granted the Gardiner Mill Campany
a boom franchise for the river u� to its source.} Gunter is the highest
point from which there is evidence of actual use over several years time to
drive 2.ogs to tidewater. As their use af the upp�r ri.ver was o� such doubtfui
success, however, tY�e upper limit achieved by tY:e Gardiner Mill Company camps
is a mere satisfactazy head of Zog navigatian.
The head of loq naviqation with unaided stzeamflows on the West Fork was
River Mile 9. Vessel navigation was confined to tidewater areas, River Mile
22, on tile main stem and River Mile 2 or 3 on the Noxth For3c. These conform
to the Corps of Engineers traditional head of navigation for those waterways
af River Mile 23.1 and I.2 which ttse Division of State Lands should adapt. If
a court of campetent jurisdiction z�ules that log flotation is evidence of
navigabzlity for title purposes, tI�en the Stata should claim to River Mile 9
of the West Fork and River Mile 6� of Smith Rzver.
Since the severai uses of the Noz�th Fork of the Umpqeia such as commercial
fisning and caaimercial guide use has been of 2,imited character and Ioq driving,
thouqh successful in itself, was rendered unsatisfactory by the inability of
booms t�a hold the logs, it wouZd seem best that khe Divisioa remain with the
decision af the State Land Board in 2975 to c�aim only ta Scottsbuxq an the
Umpqua. Shauld log driving 1.ater be found to Y�e evidence of cosnmercial navi-
gation for title purposes, however, this use of the �Iorth Umpqua and lower
portions of the zs�ain stem of the Umpqua should be reevaluated. The on�y other
84
stream in th� Umpqua basin which should be reevaluated by that criteria would
be Elk Creek and its tributaries. AI1 other streams in the basin used far
iog flotation wexe either unsatisfactory ar, as was the case of Mill and Camp
Cra�ks, depended upon artificial aids.
Otherwise the S�at� has claim to the fallowing reaches of Umpqua tributaries
which have been determined to be tradi.tional3.y na�igable by the U. S. Corps qf
Engineers:
Wat�
Mill Cr�ek
Dean Creek
5chofie].d Creek
Butler Cr�ek
Frantz Creek
Otter Slough
Hudson Slough
Mclntosh Siough
U�per Limit
RM I.7
1.5
5.3
z.i
0.5
1.0
Entire
Entire
85
FOOT.�OTE5
I. Lewis a. :�icArthur, Oregon Geographic ?vames, ��h ed. (Fortland: Oregon
His�orical Society, 1974}, a. G79.
2. Oregon idater Resources Board, liinpc�ua River Basin (Salem, �958y, pp. 142,
147, and Draznage Basin Mag lb.� (1974).
3. Bureau of Land �!anagement road sign near Twin Sisters.
�?. U. 8. Geological Survey, Water ?2esources Data far Oregon, 1973, water--Data
�epOY't OR-7$-1 (POrtland, �97°), pp. 459, 467, 4b3, 470, 48i, 490; Division
of 5tate Lanc3s, °T.impqua River �:aviqa�i].i.ty S'tudy," (1976} , i?• �'��-
5. Interview �vith Everett Abbott, Gardiner, 3C Aug l�?79.
5. Fiorence, The West 6 i�lar 1903; and see H. A. Minter, C:mpqua Val�ey Orecton
and its �ioneers (POrtland: Bznford & Mort, 1967), pn. ;8-82; John Clazk Hun�,
"Smitn River Saga," Americar. Far�sts p�:� {July 1954), p. 23.
,. Gardzner Index I8 Aug 1916.
�. Lower �mpqua ?�istorical Society, Fictora,a3. Historv of �::e Lo*aer Umnaua
(Reedspart, 1976}, np. S6, 61, 62, 6�, 65.
9. Douglas Caunty Nlusetzm intervie�o with Everet 7abbott, Gardiner, 19 .rar 1979,
pp. 6-7.
I0. 'r'un�., "Sr.:ith River," pp. 22-23.
lI. ��ardiner] I�i[i11] C(ompany] ��1SS, 19C9 Correspondence, (�•?SS �� G 169),
�niv�rsit� of Cregon Library, Eugene.
12. ?. G. �Ialling, i3istorv of Southern Oregon (1854), p. 436.
i,3. �asebur� Pzaindealer 10 ��iay 18;2 and se2 Roseburg Pantagrapi: 1 Fe� I373.
i4. Hunt, "5�ith ,zver," pp. 2�-22 and see Rosepury tves�ern Star �9 :�ec 1879.
1�. Drai:� i�cho, �Q �ar., 4 Fe�, 9 unG I6 D�c 1887; �oseburg Revie=�v 25 �c� i3'�4;
Roseburg Flain3ealAr, 12 �Iar 1396; :?unt, "Sm:.tiz F.iv�r," p. 23; Grec:or? ?u�1ic
�erv�ce Co^,^�issio.^. :iearing re: ?p: �icatzan o� tt.e �ardizcr noo:n vo:;�ar.v ��or
a F�anchise [�n Smit: River and �Ii1i and Camp �ree�s] , �� �e�; �:?i7, p. ii
'� .
�`'i�� Kt=.^F-�2� �aA-� :i� �L°P,1 �� 3�X <� �'1�2 l i;��G1Gri S't.�t2 izYC.:i`.'e5� Sd'l�'1.
� ��n 7 �s-: ,.F �� .rr
i�. �CC':�itC,�.�li.'it7 Vi 4Cl1J.yC t`CFr11i5� �Ji�J. 'i? . :.iUU��iC15 1..:]V71L;J .":i1SC::1 i
L'�brars�, ::c;se�urg.
l �. v _. .. w:J JC�::P. L�CLCIZ/ Glenaca, �.� :��C .1� :s i'i .. _?C� �L':7::rV ....����_d::."�r::T:CE.'
1 Jl IiLl1 _
1 1 `1 f
18. Perkins Recollections, P�- 52-53, and see "Recol�ections of Oscar Anderson,
Gardiner," p. 2, Douglas County Musevm.
19. Drain Echo April i888.
20. Telephone interview with Wiiliam Wrae, Grants Pass, 31 Aug 1979.
21. Ibid G M C MSS, Sundzy Correspondence 1907-08, "�rank A. Al1ey." A photo-
graph of Alley is in 9.A• D. Puter and Horace Stev�ns, Looters of The PubZic
Domain (Part�and: Portland Prinzing House, 1908}, p. 165.
22. Evere tt Abbott interview. 30 Aug 1979; for Sam Wilson's eariier logging
on Smith River see C�alumbia] R[iver and� 0(r�gan] T[ircil�erman] 1:11 (Sep Z900),
p. 10.
23. Abbott interview, 30 Aug 1979.
24. Ibid Public 5ervice Coinmiss'lon hearing, p. 10
25. Abbott interview, 30 Aug 1979; Wroe in�erview; and see TimL�erman 7:8 (June 1906),
p. 37.
26. Douglas Caunty Museum Library MSS A-5. hh.
27. Roseburg Review 8 Mar 19Q6.
28. Barbara Vatter, "List of i,oggers," Douglas Coeinty Museum Library File A-5 (qq};
Ben McItinney to Messrs. Jewett and Hinsdale, 28 A�r 1908, G M C MSS, Sundxy
Corres�ondence, 19a7-08, "M".
29. Douglas Caunty Museum Library, OH #1I9, John Guntez, p. i3.
30. Ed Renie, Woolley to G M C, 30 July, 6 Dec 1907, 7 Mar, 12 Dec I9Q8, G M C
MSS, Sundry Corresgondence, i907-D8, "R".
31. Abbott intez�view, 30 Aug 1979.
32. G. W. Wooley, Wooley to G M C, 22 ,7an 190$� G M C MSS, Sundry Correspondence,
1907-08, "W".
33. �nid., G NI C to 3. Walker, Wooley, i8 Apr 1307.
34. Ibid "M", G M C to Thomas Molany, 27 Fe� 1908.
35. Ibid., G M C to �3. 0. Gunter, 15 Dec Z914, Sunc3ry Correspondence, 191�, "G".
36. Ibid., R. E. '�eague to G M C, Sundry Corres�ondence, 19Z5-16, °T".
37. I3�id., G�orge Woolley and Fred Clark to G M C, 24 Nov 1916, 5undry Corresponc3ence,
i9I5 "y�T" .
38. Transcript of Oral History '�ape #31, p. 3, pouglas Gounty Museum.
3n. ,�ardir.er _"•'.�1� io��ar.y Correspor.der.c�, 11 Dec 1°Z4, p. 2.
��. O. �. ?:insdale to �. L. Baldaree, 31ac�C Rocks, 1D ,?ay �916, Sundry vorres-
ponczence, 191�-�c, "�3".
41. Public Service Cer.ti•nissio:. Reeords, 18 Mar �919 ar.d Order .Io. 365 (�5 �i r
i91B), in L-F-B,
42. B. �. '?acter� °FOrest His�ory of �ouglas County" (unnublis::ec� �n.D. c?.isser-
tat�.on, LT:�iversity of Oregon, 19 }, n, 258,
�3. pub].ic Utilities Ccr.�:�ission Cozres�cndence, ' 3 Sep 1`?43.
=��. ��Irae i�tervipw.
�5. Douglas Count� Cizcuit Court Cases `3.ri-1, 2I ans see t5-30 and l�?�-5��4, 7oug�as
Cour.ty Court�:ause, 2oseburg; ""dill r^ile" �-�, Douglas County _':useun, Rose�urc�.
46. Roseburg Western Star, 21 Nov, 5 Dec 1879.
47. Ibid., 12, 19 Dec �879.
48. Information from George Abdill, Directox, i7ouglas County Museum, JuZy 1981.
49. MicelZi v Andrus (61 Or 78), Transcript of Testimany, pp. 13, 18, State
Arcnives, 5alem.
50. Information from George Abdii� and see pivision of Stafie Lands �"[Tmpqua
River Navigability Study" (1976), p. 109.
51. Lavola 3. Bakken, Lone Rock Free State (MyxtZe Creek, 1970), pp. 38, 40;
Rose�urg Z4estern Star, 17 Mar 1880.
S2. Douglas County MUSeum "MiZI File" A-5; Douglas Coun�_y Circuit Gourt Case
9d-1,21.
53. A, G. Wa].1ing, HistorY oE Southern Oregon (i884), p. 391.
54. 1880 Census, �r�gznal Sch�duie 3 o:E �7anufactures, "Sawmil.ls," Douglas County,
tylyrtle Creek and Mt. Scott Precinc� on Microfilm 28-49, Oregon S�.ate Library,
SaZem.
55. Bakken, i.one Rock, p. �1; Douglas Caunty Circuit Courr. Cases 69-5, &5-34
Testimony, pp. 40, 71,
�b. llougias Countp Loggers Liens, pp. 78-82, Douglas County Courthonse.
57. Dougias County "Improvement of Streams" Book, p. 12, Doug.�as County Courthouse.
58. Roseburg Review lfl ,7an i901.
59. W. R. Vinson, "Building of the Dam at Winchester," Charles Stanton Fi�e J,
Douglas County Museum and see H. F. Pearsan to Chas. Stanton, 11-9-[�9]69.
Pearson says that Dumb�eton had the dam bui�t in 1890, but this may be off
�y a decade.
6Q. Bakken, Lone Rock, p. Z10; "Improvement of Streams," p. 12.
61. Roseburg Review 22 Feb 1904; CROT 5:7 (May I904), Q. 26; 5:8 (,7une 1944),
p. 32; Bakken, Lone Rock, p. ill.
62. Florence West 14 A�r i904.
63. CRO't' 3:1D (Aug 1902), p. 6; Douglas County Circuit Court Cases 184-10, 12.
64. CROT 5:10 (Aug 1904), n. 21.
b5. Douglas County Log Mark Record, Vol. I, 8, Dauglas Caunty Courthouse.
56. Roseburg Review 15 Jan I90b.
67. Ibi.d 18 Jan 2906.
68. ibid 2S Jan, 5, 15 Feb 1906.
69. GMC Sundry Correspondence, 1907-08 "B", 11 Feb 1907; Roseburg Review,
7 ,7an, 23 Feb 19�7.
70. J. L. and S. A. Kendall, Rasaburg to GMC, 27 Jan, 10 May 1909, GMC General
Letters, 1409; Douglas County Circuiti Court Cases 151-7, 8; 203-578; H. F.
Pearson to Chas. Stanton, 11-9-69, Douglas County Museum.
71. Iri Binder, "The Mzl].s of Elkton," Umpqua Trapger, 3:2 (1967), pp. 7, 9;
Binder dates the event 1910, but GMC Sundry Correspondence, 1915-16 "H",
Apri� 13, 1915 states that GMC would buy th� Oscar Warner Anderson Ioqs
caught at 5cottsburg thouah this may refer to another event.
72. Raseburq PZaindealer dates in text; and see CROT 7:8 (June 1906}, p, 37,
Some of the drives referred to in the PlaindeaZer might have originated
in upper tidal reaches, because it was often easier to floa�. iogs from
such locations on high rzver waters.
73. DougZas County Museeun Orai History #89, p. IO and MS5 A-5 (qq); and see
GMC General Letters 1909 "Cashnw & Rice," 12 May 1909.
'14. Douglas County Mechanics Lien Boak I, pp. 100--01.
75. GMC Sundry Correspondence, 1913-Z4 "J", S 5ep, 2 Nov, 3 Dec 7.914.
76. PUC M5S RGP-12, 69A-1B, File L-F-32, passim, State Archives.
77. Fish Warden, Fish Register, 1901, MSS RGFS, 57I-84, Item 4b, State Archives;
H. F. Pearson, "The Silver Horde of the Umpqua," Um�qua Trapper, 2:1 (Spring,
Summer 1966}, pp, 7-8, 14, see Division of State Lands, Rogue River l�avi-
gabiiit Studv {1979}, pp. 57, 59-66.
.�,. ,_�
78. WPA File E-i2, Doug�as County Museum; Roseburg Review 18 Mar 1901.
79. Oreqon Laws, 1921, p. 310.
Sa. Pearson, "Silves Horde," p. �S. For co�►ercial guides see Division of State
Lands, "i7�pqua River Navigability Report," pp. 117, 123.
S1. Douglas County Museum Library File A-5 (y).
82. 188D Census, Schedule 3"Sawmills," Douglas Cc�unty; Wa�.iing, History, p. 434.
83. Roseburg Western 9tar 2Q Feb 1880.
84. WaZling, History, p. 431.
85. Douglas Cqunty Museum Libzary, File A-5 (gp).
86. Wal.ling, History, p. 44Z.
87. Drazn Echo, 2Q Apr 1888.
88. Sawmill notes of Char].es Applegate, Douglas County Musewn Library.
89. Douglas County Circuit Court Case 76-18 and see cases b7-1, 3, 4, 8, 14.
90. Douglas Caunty Mechanics Lien Book I, p. 91; Douglas County Musuem Library
Fi3.e A-5 (z? and (qq} ,
91. Douglas County Circuit Court Case�.97-9, 78-30.
92. Douglas County�Mechanics Lien Book �, p. �49.
93. Ibid., p. 71.
94. Doug�.as County Circuit Court Case 97-9, "Defendants Answer" and 97-1a.
95. Roseburq Review 4 Dec 1893.
96. Rosebnrg Piaindealer i6 Dec 3.897.
97. Roseburg Review, 4 Apr 1895; Vatter, "List of Laggers".
98. Roseburg PiaindeaZer 24 Mar 189$.
99. Doug2as County Mechan�.cs Li�n Book I, p. 85.
1�0. Roseburg Plaindealer 25 Dec 1898.
30�.. �ouglas County Circui.t Court Cases 15Z-I8, 179-4; Mechanics Lien Baok I,
p. 485; 57 Or Z89.
3D2. W. H. Janes, E3kton to GMC, 7 Jan 1908, GMC Sunclry Correspondence 1907-08 "�".
103. Binder, "MiZZs of Elkton," pp. 4-7 an� see Timberman 8: iJan I907y, p. 32A.
104. Drain Nonpareil 23 June 1904.
1Q5. Ibic3 23 Mar 1905; Timberman 5:8 (June 1904), p. 32; Sawc�ill notes of
Charles Applegate.
106. Rpseburg Review, 1 Mar i906.
I07. Drai.n Nonpareil, 23 Mar 1905; Roseburg Um ua Valle News, 4 Dec 19Q5.
108. Dougl.as County Mechanics Lien Book I, p. 93.
109. Timberman, 8:9 (�7uly 1907), P. 23.
110. A. B. Fri.tzmacher to GMC, 25 Nov �909, GMC General Letters 1909.
111. Douglas County Oral Hi,story Tape #32.
1�2. 1$80 Ceasus, Schedule 3"5awmills," E3onglas Co�snty, Myrtle Creek Precinct.
I13. Wailing, Histary p. 422.
1].4. Roseburg Review 12 I3ec 1901.
i15. Ibid., 16 Ma.y 1301.
116. Douglas County Circuit Court Cases 158-1, 1�, 28.
117. Gl.endale L�, Z3 Mar 19d3; ,Iohnson registered his log brand WP,� with the
Douglas County C].erk on 27 �Tu1y 19Q3, Douglas Caunty Log Mark Record I,
7, Qouglas County Courthouse.
i18. Douqlas County Circt�it Court Case 346-10 and see 1551-7.
119. Timberman, 7:3 {Jan 19061� p. 6d; Douglas County Circuit Court Case 187-15;
Drain t�on�areil, 27 Jan 191Z.
120. "Clarke's �awmill at r�illwood", Douglas Caun�y Musuem Libraxy; wailing,
History, p. 427; um�ajua Ensign, 27 Feb I869; 1880 Census, Scheduie of Man-
ufacturer "Sawmills, baugias Cpunty, Coler Va1Zey Precinct; Rosehurg
Plaindealer, 26 Apr I870, 26 Mar 1903.
121. Vatter, "List of Loggers".
122. Douglas Covn�y M�chanics Lzen Book I, p. 293; Douglas County Circuit Court
Cas� 139-19.
1.23. Infaz^�satian from Fay Madison, Winchester, June 198I, Dougl.as County Musuem
Library.
124. Notes of in�ormation from Irl Binder, EZkton attached to pzevious entry.
125. Douglas County Musuem Library File A-5 (oo), p. 3.
126. Douglas County Logger's Liens, I, p. 195; George Abdill reca�ls having
seen a photagraph of a log drive on Cow Creek.
127. PUC MSS RGP-12, 69A-18, L-F-28.
128. Ibid., 69A-16, Correspandence, 26 �eb 1942.
129. Walling, History, pp. 154, 421.
130. Roseburg Review 25 �an 1906.
131. WalXing, His�, pp. 439-40.
�32. Timberman. 7:8 {�une Z9�6) p, 37.
133. GMC to A. L. ButZer, 7 May 1907, Q. B. HinsdaZe to J. R. But�er, 3 June �908,
GMC Sundry Correspandence, 1907-08, "B".
13�#. Ibid , "E" .
135. Hinsdale ta Esselstso�, 30 Aug 1910, J. P_ Christi� to Coshow & Rice,
Rosehurg, GMC Sundry Correspondence, Z910-13, "E" and "C".
13fi. Ibid � '�E" .
137. GMC to Coshow & Rice, 8 5ep 1911, Ibid "C".
138, c�tC to Esse�.strom, Camp Creek, 13 Aug 1914, Esselstrom to O. B. Hinsda3.e,
25 Oct 19].4, GMC Sundry Correspondence, I914,."E".
139. Esseistrom to Hinsdale, 12 Jan 1915, GMC Sundr_y Correspondence. 1915-16, "E".
I40. Ibid Z Nov 1915.
141. GMC to �ddy, 22 Jan I9.19, GMC Sundry Correspond�nce, Z919-23, "E".
142. RGP-12, 60A-1$, L-F 8, State Aschives.
143. Ibid L-F-30.
144. Karen Luchessa int�xview with Fay Madison, June 1°B1, u. S. �'orest Service
Re8?31"nh ne�ar �er.* ; C D�J33 ? i ; .
145. RCP--12, b9A-18, L-F-8.