Tillamook Bay Rivers FarnellTI�1�K �A�Y RIVE�
'AVIC��B�LIIY STtJ�Y
By
James E. Farnell, Ph.D.
Pesear�h Rnalyst
�Jivision of State Lands
Sale�n, flreqon
July 198�3
?`ILLAb100K BAX RIVERS
��nder the �qual Footinq clause of the t7regon Admissions Act, the United
States Government transferred ownership of the beds of a�� naviqable water-
ways to the State of Oregon in I859. At tf�e time of this report, th e fuZl
extent of Orecon's cwnership i.s unknown. The present development trends
along our waterways make it apQarent that the location of �he �ta�e/private
boundaries is of extreme importance. The 1973 Leqislature recognizec� this
anc3 gassed ORS ,Z74.029-034. Thzs la��r directs �he Division of StaCe 7,ands
ta make a study o£ a21 Oregon's waterways and ma,3ce public their finc�ings.
This report is tize Dzvisicn's study of the Ti3.lamook Bay rivers.
The rivers which empty in�o Til2amoak Bay may be treater� as a distinct
basin. Thei.r history dif£ers from the other major strea�s of Tillamook
County, the �1ehaZem and *Iestucca P.ivers, which wi�l be taken up in a separate
report.
Five main zivers enter inta the bay. Thzee of tnem take their names
from Indian words and two are named after early white settlers. Tillamook
was the naar�e of the tribe whzch inhabiteri the area, thouqh it was spe�Zed
Killamuck by Lewis and C1.ark. This is alliterative wi�h K.r.lchis, rhe chief
a� the area when settl.ement bec7an. ui-me Cf�uck meant a�ributary coming in
downstream and Saas �he baszs far the name of t3�e Miami. Henry W. rrlilson .had
the distinction of bringing in a daizy herd from Seaside and therefvre has
fittingly given his name to the longest river in �hat great dairy cen�er o£
the state. Finally the Trask took the na�e of an early settler who had a
claim near that river's banks.�
The researcher has been air3ed by the following institutions in tha
I
preparatian of this study:
Tillamook County Courthouse
Tillainook Pioneer Museum
Oregan Histarical Societ��
University of Oregon Lik�rary
areqon 5tate Archives
Oregon Statp Li.brary
Oepartment of Fish and
wildlife
Gl�nn and Kathleen Simmons of Lees Camp also provided va�uable material.
2
�
TILLA1ZOaK RAS IN
The basin has a rotighly auadri3ateral shape of agproxim.ately 18 ;ril.es
noztis and sout�i by 22 r!iles east and �est (Fia. 1) . The large eastern �
section of t�e basin is virtually uninhabited and is the area where the
revian's number one industry, Iumberina, holds sway. Tawns cluster around
Tillacr.00k Bay zn the wes�, anc� t.he meadawiands between the caast ranqe and
tt�e bay are thickly sett�ed with €artns . They are t'�e basis af thP seconc�
most iir,portant r�ursu.zt of the baszn, dairyina and cheese nroc3esction.
The hiqhest paints in the basin, 3680 and 35Z0 feet sn e3evatian, are �
alona the northern edge of the basin, ta r_he east, at the headwaters af the
`.ort� Fork of tihe Sti'ilson �iver. fihree elevations aloncr the eastern �ordez
of the basin are approximately 3450 feet in heiqht whi3e elevations c].aser
to 3000 feet aze found along the sauthern border's eastern end, P.nnuai
grecipitation is �xeatest in the north central �ar� of the basin.
'�he 5�:ilsan Rivex, foZlowing its Devi].s Lake Fork, is the longest river in
tt�e baszn, 43 miies in lenath; G'�� "Siac�i, 13 r.+iles lonq, is tihe shortest.
�nly the U7ilson has extenszve streamflow data taken at P.iver t-tile 11.4 near
where it debouches from the Coastal 'rountain Range. Here the average discharge
for 48 years is 1,217 cubic �eet per seconC. The maxim�u^ disc?�arge in Jantiary
�97� was 3b,Ob� cuhic feet pEr secand and t!�e minir.eum dascharae 32 cubic feet.
At the beginninq of �'�is century tl�e Tillarr:ook Herald spake vf "the sharp
decline of tne land toward the sea" around Ti�Iamook Bay. This notable
feature of the region's tapography is but partialZy evi�3en� in *'�e �rnfj,lac pf
the tributary rivezs. Thus �he Miami has a torrential 340 feet ner miie s1oQe
in its heac�waters �efare its qradient roderates in the nlai.n surroun�ina *_he
�ay. �'he Tillamook a�so has stees� headoraters typified �y t�e preripitous
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fails on one of i�s feeder stzeams, �unson Creek. �ut it a�so has a low to
modera�e gradient as it anproaches ��e Say. The Kilchis has a vezy �oderate
gradient in its charted reaches, and although they �o�e Fzom deenest in the
Coast P�nge, both the Wilson and Trask have moderate 4radients thraughout
their lengths befaxe t4�ey l�vel out in the plain around the Bay {Fig. 2).
As important as the river's gradient for commercial Zoaging use was
the character of the streambed. The lawez reaches of the �iami, Ki�chis
and Tilla�ook a1Z have smooth gravel beas, but ��� Trask and ��ilson have
sharp bedrock constrictions, same near their entry into the coastal glain,
and the twa rivers pass through them in very narraw slots (Fig. 13},�
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EARLY NAVIGATID[�1 OF TH£ BAY
The tirst recorded entrance af a vessel into Tillamook Bay was the Columbia
under Captain Robert Gray in 17$$ when he ca�].ed the place Murderer'� Harbor
because of an altercation 4�ith the Indians and t�e death of one of h�s crew
members.� 'I'he first permanent white set��er was Joe E. Chanspion who entered
the bay in a whaleboat from Astoria ir_ Apri3 1851.� Other set�lezs followed
during that decade and their on3.y �eans of receivinq provisions was by coastal
schooner. Sa essential was this Zine of communication for the survival of
the settlers that they bui3t t:�eir awn schooner in arder t� ensure suc:s trans-
port. Thera are many reminiscences of the zmportant c3ay in the life of the
settlers when the schooner was I.aunched; r�is one set down in 1937 cives the
essential facts and feelings of the occasion:
One of the biggest probiems that people had ta face was the
gettinq af grovisions. The on1.y way that food was brought in
�aas by smalJ. schaaners. Sometimes i� would be thzee ar four
mon�hs hefare they cauld restock. 'tany tzmes ail they had to
eat was salmon and potatoes. The inconsistency of the boats
brought the problem of maki.nc one of tt�eir own. Zn the year
of 1854 was the launchina of the firs� boat built in Tillamook
the "Marning Star". '^he event was something that people talked
abcut. Ttse launching was held an Pete �!orqan's pl.ace (Idaville
now.} A ceremony was held and a bcttle o£ water christened �er.
In a1Z Tiilamook there wasn't enough grease to grease t<he run-way,
but soft homemade soap did the job. {�h another accaunt it was
stated that one af thr. Traslc's steers was slaughtered to provide
the necessary lubricanto] A dance and supper was held afterwards.
Although the supper was practically �rade up cf potatoes anc3 sa3.mar„
everyone enjoyed themse�ves....
The maiden trip of t2ze ":�orning Stax" was to Astoria to get
suoplies. Sut because of the roeagh bar on the Columbia she was
held up �or about two months. People started to get hungry, t'�e
children were hunqry for bread....
After the "Morning Star" was a success, ather boats weze built.
"The Gu�I" anc3 "The Brant" were bui,�t at Netarts. In '63 James
Quick buiZt the schooner "Ellen", named after his daughter, and
in '64 or '65 "The Chasnoion," nar.�ed after J. C. Champzon.
7
These schooners gave assurance that vital provisions would reach the
Bay, but commercial use, esgeciaily to take off the forest products whie?� were �
the primax•1 resource of the region, had Lo awsit the i880's. Fred ,7. Fye
who arrived on tha bay in 1886, just after Joseph Smith had buil� a sawmill
at Hobsanvzll.e, descrihes the dif�iculties which that entxepreneur faced
in qetting his groduct to maz�ket:
Everyth�na went aloag nicely there until it was noticect that
tize dock space was fiiling up with Iu�er, so Ms. 5mith began
3ookinq around for a market far his Iamber and believed that
Cal,i,farnia u�as t�ie place. �He wrate to San Francisco to hire
a boat.
It turned au� that tfze San Francisco vessel ownexs were reluctant to risk an
entry aczoss the Tillamoak Hay Bar.
Becoming desperate after two such failures, ?�!r. Smith sent his
oldest son, Buck Smith, �o San Francisco to buy a boat. A
few weeks after his departure a Ietter arrived stating tha� Re
was bringing a boat �o:r.e to get lumber and wouZd arrive shortly.
One �sorning as we were ali watci�inc for the boat, there outside
the bar was a big masted ship, but rs. Smith was in Bou�t as to
wnether it was the one we were watchinq for, as it was tao large
and did not Zook Iike a Zumber cazzier, but as the tide came in
enough, the Santa !4!aria turned her bow in and steamed right up
�o the �i�l with Buck Smith act�ng as oilot....Beinq a passenger
and freig�st boat and not a luinber carrier, the mill cr�w finally
.�oaded 300,d00 £eet of lumber on board, mast of wizich was uut �n
the holds, this the Captain fel� �•ras enouq�aa fiuture trips would
depend on how they found the 8ar on their way out. r.fter some
talk, the Captain told :�r. Smiti► he wou�d give him a whistle
signal of three whistles if a12 was well he was coming back, and
one, if not. 4•mea the tide was about 2/3 in, they started out.
With Mx. Smith and his family and a part of the r�il�. crew, we
climbed the hiil back of t�e mili �o watch for the siqnal. The
ship racked conszderaoly going out, but seemed alright, and :�.
S�nith began to wcnder why they did not siqnal, when finally
there cam.e a b�ast of stEam long enouqh to be r.;istaken as the
one signa3 indication the�� would na� �eturn. �'eelina blue, ^?z.
Smith sazd, "We21 boys, I guess that's go�d bye," but �e had
no more than said it, when the steam which ;�ad stopped, started
again signaling their intention to return. There �.�ras much joy
in the grvup there on the hill, wit,h "^x. Smi.th dancinq around
E:
` and saying, "xe's caminq back, he's caminq back!" �
It being early in the r�ay i�e Qave orders to £zre and start sawing,
as we wou3d have to have enough lumber zeady far a load, by the
time the boat returned.
The San�a �iaria made three trips and on the second trip there was
a great celebration, a c3ance was he�d on deck aad a numbez o£
Tilla�oolc City folks came down the bay to a��end. Qn the �hird
trip the Captain said he would not return as he had besn put on
anather run, where gassengar service was desnanded, but tnat
another ship, built for the lumber trade would make t�e TilZamook
run--thus starting th� first lumber shippinq industry betwePn
Tillamook Bay and San Francisco.
- This episode coincided with the Corps of Engineers` examination o� the
Bay for possible navigationa�. improvements. The Corps found that, "the
entrance to the faay rec�uires no attention. AIZ af the princzpal shi�ping
znterests on ti�e bay are located near its entrar�ce, and the channel allaws
t.iiem to be easily reached. The town of Till.aznook can be reached by small
coasters on their nccasianal visits withaut much tro�le by taking advantage
of the tide." Bu� they realized that lu�ber vesse�s "entsr mostly in ballast,
or freight carrzed by them to and from Ti3lamook r�ust be reshipped. The best
timher of the bay region is judged �o }�e up the ri.vers, and Lhat it wou3d be
for the interests of c�mmezce to render millsites available near t3ze better
ldg supply.° Thzs meant an extensive channel impravement of Tillamook Bay
near Tillamook City which was begun in I890.
Charles Fo Powell, of the Corps� desczil�ed the Bay's caasaerce zn 1888: he
confirms that a special Iumber sc:�ooner had begun regular trzps to t:�e Kobson-
ville sawmill:
'�^�:e shipmen:s from Ti�.lameok are beef, wa�ii, d�iry.proc3ucts and
farm truck to the canneries and saw-mill. Tf�e steam-schooner
??osa Olsen, 50 tons buden, averages abont twenty trips annual3y
from the Co�u�hia River to Tillamoo[c; the freight charge is SS
�er ton. The steamer r,arfzeld, 20 tons, and 5.5 feet draught,
generally rnakes daily round trips between Gari�a3di and Til�amook.
�
The steam-launc� Qaphne drawina a litt�e aver 3 feet, plies
between Til�amook an� noints on the �ay.
�he coasting steamer Tilla�ook �ui3t far th� trade about
a year aszd a hal� aqo, carries lur.�ber from C�e �ill on the
:�ay to San Francisco. Her capacity is 300,Q00 feet; she
makes a round trip a�aut one a mon�h, bxinqing back �ill
and iogginq supplzes.
ihe steamer Field 60 tans burden, makes about �orty trips
ner year between Astozia ana Hdbsonvil.J.e, takinq in cannery
sunplies and carrying aut sal.mon. Otizer crafts occasionally
carry aut sa�mon duxing the seasan; �h� shipments Iast season
frvr�??absonville were 16,��Q cases, anci from Garibaidi i0,004
cases, valued at about $5 ner case.
The harbo� i�provements were comgleted by 1905 at which time vessels u�
ta 322.8 feet in lenct.'� drawing 8.9 feet were makina 64 trins per year up to
Tillamc�ok Citp �Figs� 3& 4), An additional group of ships, includinq the
�+eiville Da11ar nf 239.I feet drawing I6 fee� ful.�,y loac�ed , were making 12
trips per year to HobsonvilZe. This was an obviaus ir�proversent avez the
earZy years o� settlement, but starr�y weather St31i made the entrance to
the Bay di�ficult o� imAOSSi.ble and the volume of shipments �aas not 3arqe.
At the instigatian of Claude '"hayer, '^il�amvok's hanker and son of former
Governor `r7. w. �hayer, �he Port of '£311am�ok was r�u� before t:�e Stat� *�eais-
lature in I898 and established in 1899. Its major purpose *aas to keen
Hoquarton Slouah c3ear of abstructions. ^'fze authority of t'�e port was
enlarged in 19�8 when it was name� the Por� of Tillamoak Bay. The Port
of °ay City also aperated an millamook Fay fram the year 19i2.
�uring t�e 1920`s a larqe import trade was �one in the form of locr raftse
Cr. E. R..Huckleberry described the �ype found on Tillamoak Aap:
�avis rafts t,aere for shaliower watez, anc3 were made �az�hout a
cradZe [neeessary for C.he Lenson or ciqar loa rafts]. First
a mat of logs was brought toaethez on a hit flf quie� ,aater, t:�e
longest logs on the outside. This was tiapered a�ittie to the
square ends, and r+iQht be Z2 to 2!� Ioqs wide in the Tiddle.
These logs were laced �ogether, fictuze eight �ashion, =aith
�eavy cable uz� to one ana a�a.l� inches, dra�rn very tiaht with
�team en�ines. Qn this r�at was placed anot�er layer of Zaas, °
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one log nar:ower, and the whole thina �aced toaet�e� as be£ore.
t�hen finished, thzs raFt mig�t have six or eight layers of loqs,
and the top would be �ive or six loqs wzde, These rafts varied
a great deal in size d�pending on the depth of water where t�ey
were �ade and where they were qoing. The larger ones had abvut
6d0 Iogs, might contafn somethinq ovex a�iilzan �oard feet, were
a�out 200 feet �ong and 80 feet at the widest paint. It would
take five or six miles of cable to tie such a raft t�geth�r.
Thase cominc inta TilZamook Bay were smailez, averaaina abaut
500,000 to a million board feet. These rafts were made at
various places alonq the dreaon and washingtan �5asts. Those �
received in Til�amook Bay came from Siletz Bay.
This review af the early development of Tiliamook Bay shipping reveals
tizat commercial export of the reginn's lumber products did not come until
the 1880's, and hahar improvements �rere not fully realized until 19�5.
Therefore timbar resources directly hordering the tidal reaches of the Bay
couid supply most of the deman�s of the expart sawmills. The demand for
logs �o be brought by water transport dovm the tributary riv�rs therefore
came at a re�atively late date. This is in marked contrast, for examnle,
to th� history of Zumber export from Coos Eay which would seem to have
been geographically similar.
33
FERRIES
`Itao ferries have been discovexed to have existec3 an the rivers
tributary to T311amoak Bay. Qne was established on the Til�.amoak River
on the Netarts Bay Road in 1897 and discontinued in 1899, but again operated
until a bridge replaced the Samual '^amlinson ferxy in 1909.�' On 4lilsan
P.iver, St2phen Decatur Benter (ar Bester} ran a winter ferry (R'� 7,5] that
Iater �Secame a part of W, S. Runyon's ��7ilson R.iver P.qad. i �
�QG DRIVF:S
The principal commerci.al navigable use mac3e of Tillamooic �ay rivers
above the head o£ tide was log driving. The Til3amook Head�.iq�it repozted in
�894 t?�at "*dearly alI the timber in tf�is county is ac3jacent to str�ams that
wi31, carry �hem to the bay," and th� Ti3lair.oak Hera�d in 19�J4 that, "t�e
numerous waterways...makes zt possibl� �or loas to be trans?�orted to the
coast with k�ut little cost."�' �ut the 3ow export fiq�res, t�ie later necessity
to import loqs in rafts from the Silatz, and the pauczty of i:��ornfatian about
log drives in a county so well served �ay an active pioneer asaociation,
indicate that the rivers af Tillamook Eay had limited use Por c3riving.
BEFFLEY CREEK
m�LC�� S.LIf51��U 11SC 1S CIf�S��l�S1ZeCA �3y � La[:� that 4.ilC L131.�LG7L t�0{.'U�!��lt�
ation for �.og driving azovnd Tillamook Ray is for Bewley Cree}c, a sr.+all tributary
14
e
of the Tillamook River which enters that river just ahove mean hinn �ide.
The fizst specific notice of drivinq on Bewley Creek �omes in I892 when
T. F. and Trus*�an Hazris & Co. had a lo4ginq camp on that s�reain and t�e
Tzl�amook Piver from which t,tiey took ov�r a miliion £eet branded O�etween
April and October. H. B, Johnson was also logging alonq Eew2ey Creek zn
the same year and the nex� �or the Tillamook Lumh�r Company. ue took out
over 90a loqs; hzs brand was B.�� On necember 23, 1893 willard �ohnson
registered log brands III and �7 to be used on the logs he olanned ta cut
from the lands af ?�aryette �ohnson beside Bewley Creek.�Z On �ecemher 3
of t.'�e next year, 5amuel Dailey p�aced a lien on 150 fir and spruce saw3oqs
branded X and � X whici� ne har3 cut on the lands of Curtis Jahnson and Josec�h
i�cCune and dvmped into Bewley Czee3c since October 16, 1894. Theodare Kingsley
also ut in over'I50 s ruce 1 �
P p ogs �or McCune c3urir.g the same autumn.
Ast3zux Beals gives mare information about this opezation:
One o£ our ventures was in the logqing business about 1895
(actually he was in partnership at .Zeast as early as 1844),
when we beca�ne associated with Curtis Johnson and his sons
who were Zogginq on Bewley Cres3c with bull teams. The timbez
was Close to the creek and we buiJ.t skid raads by imbedd.ing
lags angling in the roads about eiq�t faet apart, cutting
a notch ia the skids to r:ta�:� less Eriction and a guic3e for
t�e loqs. The Iogs were snipnec3 and the bark remove� from
the unc3erside ta mak� them slide easi3y. We had four to
six pair of oxen in a team, alI attached ta one chain and
driven by one man, he, using a gored stick. If there was
a crook in the road, the oxen soon learned that all but
�he lead oxen had �o step over the chain to save tYseir 7.eas.
The logs were ds�mped into Bewley Creek and floated 8own to
tide water in the Tiliamaak River where they were made into
raEts and towed ta the Truc3cee MiZI at Hpbsonvilie.
Johnson later took aver 8d0 lags froas the creek between May and November 3896,
and Theodore K�,ngsley again had a loggir.g camg north of the creek in 1898.
The Tillamook Loaging Company, which was orqanized in �±ay 1899, extended
its ioaginq onerations hiah enanah on Bewley Creek to necessitate the buildinQ
15
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of splash dams (Fiq. 5} . By Septem3�er �900, they had tt3ree of them, so
that they cou�d sluice logs down the creek at any season of ttt� year. The
one tttey had just compl.eted had a Ienqth of : 25
2�0 fest, with an 11-fcot gate, and will contain a 17-fvot
head. The cos� is about $1,200. The dam required 20,000
fee� of sawed lum3�er, besides the logs for a foundation.
The Timberntan described the operation of their camp eailier zn �he year:
At Bewley Creek t3zey employ two donkeys and a crew of a,bout
30 a�en, and have nearly two years wa�k yet ahead of them.
The company Iast year put in about seven million feet af lags
with a crew o£ 21 �nen, under Dan t�lurphy, with the assistance
o� two donkeys.
In 1904 the comnany continued its Bewley Creek camp with 30 men. The Iogs
were floate� down and held in a boofn on the tidal portions Qf Tillamook Ftiver.
Iladley i,ogging Company apQarently also drove the creek a�aout this time (Fig. 6).
In I93.3 A. F. Coates Lumber Company purc'�ased the Tillamook Logging
Cocrtpany and operated on �ewley Creek wi t'� its subsidiary, the Coates Driving
& Boom Ca�pany•. During 19i5 t.'�ey also built a railroad up the creek, but
contznued to drzve the stream as the engineer hired to construct the line
related:
P4y crew were loqgers, most of them, and when they were
driving the river I had to let them drive on the river,
I had to let off the surveyinq until the splashing was
over. It woulc3 t'ake a couple of hours to make a s�alash
and I wouZd have t� go down there to help them. I wasn't
much of a splasher myself, but � have been down ther� a
couple o£ hours, and we would get ?�ung up.
There were still 3 splash dams on the creek, the Iowest one just above tic3ehead.
I never saw the tide, by itself, come up but when there
was a splash on they always made the splashes at the high
staae of wa�er which wouid give ther� mare water in the
cf�anne], below. At tt�e time of the high tide and splash
it would be pretty near stili water in there....They
aZways had a tide ta3�le at the camp and th�y arranged
the splash of the urater sa it would come down and catch
the high tide.
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G. L. �7csain, foreman o£ the �rivina described his work on Bewley Czeek that
year.
Driving is my Iong suit.
0. mhat is you drzve the 3oc;s dawn the stream or ride �'�em
aown or push them?
Z generally ride them if there is any shora.
The drive beqan 2 1/2 miles up Bewley Creek abave the Zawest splasi� c3am.
4•le came dawn Bula, anc3 pe�haps one hundr�d rods up---a lztt3.e
more than a hundrec� rods up �rat�t Holden we had a little jamb
just be3aw the �ower dam and wa broke that we came on �awn
_ and we we�e figuring on zt, but it was ranning pret�y fast,
but me and anoth�r fellowed aot stsangha�ed, and there was
some 3cgs that weze hanging on the island and our logs
str�ck the island and we came on dvwn and struck it just
above the channel; we struc3c the high bank and went across
from the�e.
Q. Yau rode the lags al]. the way dacvn?
Yes, sir. .....
0. Tn'hat was the width of the channel?
:'�1ere was fozty feet or mpre.
�? . Hvw do you know?
Hecause I rode down there on a log and I couldn't
reach the side with the pike pole.
Q. Haw long was your pike pole?
Sixteen feet, and I couldn't reacH from the loQ ta
ane side of the hank on the ather side.
Though the creek was splashed in the summer, there was ample water to take
the logs down without the c�ams durina the winter. As the Ti].lamaok Kead-
li hc�t reported vn rlovember 2, 1915 "Heavy rains last week bzought 700 Iogs
dawn ��wley Creek. ?'hey are being rait�� anc3 braugh� to t�is city foz t�e
A. F. Coats Lumber Ca. sawmill."
Z9
TILLAMDOK RIVER
Closely associated wit.*� the �rivzna of Sew3ey Cxeek was the use o£
Tillamook Ra.ver for the same nurnose (Fig. 7a). Frank Severance was loqaina
on '�il�amook River as early as 1887 and in 1Bs39 he received a thirty year
lease o� the river up to the mouth of Bewley Cree3s (R� 6.7) for t?�e purpose
of driving �ogs: it i.s there£ore doubtful wheth�r he had loaged abave t!�a�
poznt on the Ti3.Zamook River hy that date. Almost ima:ediately �,�e 1.ease
was �odified so tIzat Frank 5everance and the Ti3.lamflok River Boaming Company
were to clear Tillamook �iver of drifts and rac3c heaps for five miles a3�ova
the Ti1.Iamaok River Bridge {which was neaz the mouth of Se�oley Creeik); clear
5utton Creek to a point wheze that creek crossed the eaest line of J. H. Biggs
h�nestead cZai,m; and cleaz Bewley r_r�ek for t.'�ree miles above its mouth.
It was announced by t.�ie TilZamook HeadliQht in 1890 that Frank Severance
was going to put in a�aan on the Ti.11amook ?�iver in order to supply the
Gmith and Baker mi�.l with fir �Qgs. The Tillamook Boorr.ing C'ompany had to ?�e
reminded to cJ,ear Suttan Creek by �1ay 1, 1891, so whether t:�ey used that
stream for c�rivinq ar not is questionable, bu� as seen above, Bewley C�eek
was heavily used and the company orobably drove the Ti�lamook River £or five
mi�es above the highway bridge, probably witf� a splash dam.
One af the riparian owners on the tida� partion of Tiliar�ook River, Anne
S. Buzton, brought suit aqainst Severance for obstructing her tise o� the river
by boat and scvw. The case went ta t.he �3reqon 5u�recne Court (22 �r °I) ,
but t�hat court did not rule on the navigable status of the Tillamook River
ar the validzty of Sevezance's lease of �he river fzom tf�e cflunty. Claude
Thayer also received a lease of Tillamook River far loq c3riving in �901a�
T:�e "Soutk� Praizie" correspondent of the Head3iaht reported in �anuary
1904 that the '^illar.�ook Logging Campany was runnzng loqs down the river wi�ile
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21
F"ig. 7a. Tiilamook i�iver
belaw the mouth of Bew�ey
Creek.
Deceinber 5 , 1979 .
Fig. 7b. Trask River near
P.iver Mile 10.
December 5, 1979.
the water was high. "!ie comnany �id no� register its brand, which was
far usQ on the Tillamaak River, until January 1907. Ttse Miami Lumber Company
also registered a brand for use on Til�amook River in Decetnher 1909, b�t
whether the Iatter coinpany use� tI�e river fo� loc� �rives above t3�e head vf
tide is aot known. The early sawmi�ls an Fawcett, Killam, and Earl Creeks
had logs dragqed to them by oxen.
Z`he evidence of laq drives on the Til3amook River al�ove �he mouth af
Bewley Creek is no� concre�e, therefore the State's claim to the hed of
the river would oniy extend to that point, River �tile 6.7. On Bewiey Creek
t.he later driving was dane on at 3.east the lawer 3�iZes of the creek with
the aid of splash darc►s to er�sure year-round transAOrt. For a decade or �no�e
�efore 1900, howevez, drives on the czeek had occurred with winter freshets
wit3�out their use. 'I�erafore the State has a claim to the bed of the Iower
three miles of Bewley Creek which was a highway for commerce in Iogs.
KILCHIS
Perhaps the earliest natice of the use af one of the Tillamook Bay rivers
Eor log driving reZates to the Kilchise The JawE�one sawmill �auilt in 1872
just sau�h of t�e present Idaville received its water and l.ogs fzvm the
I�ilchis on a canal dug across the Alderman and Vaughn homesteac�s. The b�ilde*
of tfie mill soon sold to one Gist and Hank Guest was still oparatinq it in
1886. 36 In 18�g it seems to have }�een c�wned by George �r?. Mi].Ier , becae�se
a sawmil� listed in Lhe census for Bay Precinct got its water ?�Ower from
the Ki2chis River, bnt interestinqly enouqh it a�tained its logs at that
time £rom the Trask and Tiliair�ook Rivers. 2'he ICelchis A.dvance of
Januazy 29, 1881 repozted that G. Sd. �tiller had closed his mill and ta�cen
"his crew over to the wilsan 4iver for the purpose of bringing over the
bal.ance of his logs."
22
Tfiere was interest Enoug� in the loQS from *,.ne Itilchis azea to establish
a boom at the river's mouth, and *ri. S. Runyon received a t�,vo year Zease of
the river ta P.iver Mile 13 in November 189�1. Claude Thayer received a
lease of the xilchi.s and LittlP Kilchis to rtin logs in Z901 Eram the Tillamook
County Court, and the Miami Luirber Company registered its lpg brand for the
Kiichis in 3909. T"I:e only other 3oqging operation on that•river was that
of the 6�Ihitney Logging Contpany durinq the 1920's, but that was wholly a rail-
road show.
As there is no factual. evi.c�ence of actual drives on the Kilchis abave
t.'�e head af �ide, the 5tate has no claa.m ta Ghe bed of that river above tzde.
TRASK RIVER
Just how far up the Txask Ri.ver ].oas were being obtained far the :�iller
mill in �879 is not certain, but there ware several drives on that xivex
during tize late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. H. ?a. Lasweil
asked the Til2amook Courity Cour� for permission to boom� t.�ie Trask a.n I889,
but was refused, thaugh Claude Thayer recea.ved oermission to do just that
in i901. Included in Thayer's grant_was the Iease of Bark Shanty Creek and
the Harth Txask to drive logs. Loqs placed in the upper Trask in 389D-91
came out at tl end of the Iatter year. Theoc►ore Kingsley niaced a lien on
205 balm sawlogs branded K in the Trask River durina May 1.895, but on what
portions of the r�ver they wera floated is not stated. Thomas Coates taok
over a mortqage o� land on River �?ile 2Q of the Trask (on its Sout'� Fork)
in 1901 aad the Fi�zqerald pZace oa the Trask was Zogced by Be31 Johnson
and his crew early in 1903. Between :Vovember 19I2 and Apri� 197.3 Coates
put in nearly half a mil�ion feet oE timl�er between River Miles 8 and 9 t�
be f2aated to his sawmi11.� �'he ?'illamook Lttmberina Comoany reqzstered a
23
Ioc brand to be used on ff�e Trasic in January I.947, and the aiiami Lumbez
Campany did the same in December 1909. Earlier that year the �3iami
Lum}aer Company had taken at least 165,OQ0 feet of sawlogs trom Rivex �?ile
9-10 of �h� Trask and floate� them daanstream {Fig, 7h) e As late as 19iS
there was a drive on the Trask, �aroba�Zy by the Coates Lumber '�!ill {Figs,
B & 9�,
As several companies conducted drives on the Trask for over a quarter
century before 1915 from an establishec3 point of P.iver Mile 10 downstream,
the Sta�e has a claim �o the bed of the lower ten miles of t.he 'I`rask.
WILSflN RIVER
There is somewhat more znformatian �bout drzvinQ nn the 47zlson River.
In ��[ay 1889 the Tillazr.00k County Court deciarea this river a highway for
fioating loqs, timber, and lumber from River Miles 2 to 3Q an� then leased
it to W. I. Runyon for thixty years. Jim Wllliams recalled his isnprove-
ment of t:�e river in 1937, "Fie couldn't run Iogs in �he WiZsan River channel
as it was then (filZed wit3� dri�twotid c3asns] . He had to clear the drifts firs�,
so his crew went at the obstructions wzth dynamit� and cleared �hem out."
riot only did this clearance aZlow unimp�ded driving, but from that time
forwazd �he bottom land did not flooci and structures cou�d safely be bui3t�
c�oser to tize river. Funyan also advertised for good timher claims along
the Wilson c3uxzng 1890.
James Irwin had a camp for the CaZ-Oregon Cooperage Company on the
river in 1893 from which he took 350 spzuce logs bran�ed �.�� In .Tant�ary
1899 the "tivilson River" correspondent of the Headlic�ht renorted the "Ta
Ducham's logs have come c3own t�e river, and auite a few went into Douqherty
sl.ough. High water has come, but not as high as last year."
2a
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�zs. helen Luebke, who did �uch raseazc� on U?ilsan �iver history and
gubiished many articies on the suhject in the Fo�es� Grave *lews Times durinQ
1967 and 1968, believed that [?urcham and Clemens had been the �irst to loQ
on Sr�ilson River . 52
They took out some of the first Iocrs. When the logs wexe
ser►t down the river, they jammed at "The �Tarrows" (FtM 1F_] .
�ynamite fai3.ed to laosen them. Tr�hen the bia fal� storms
came, the rivar hecame a wild rushinc torrent. It rvse
so high the Iogs broke �oose with a te�rible raar that
jarred the [,7ames H.] iiarrzs house almost a auarter mile
away. '^he logs were ba�tered and useless �y the time
they reached TiZlamook and lay on the beach to waste.
�'he loqgers zeceived none of the S1/t�housand expected
from the mi21.
"_'hus the loggers' drive commenced above Fa13 Creek came to grief that seasnn.
Claude Thayer recaived a lease of wilson Ri.ver to River raile 30 and
its North Fork and Littl.e Nortn Fork with Fail, C2dar an� Jordan Creeks
in 1901.
The most extensive use of the wilson caas by C. B. Hadley Brottsers Lumher
Company �.�ho haa a contract to deliver 1DO,OQ0,�00 feet of Ioas to t.he Truckee
I.umber mi1i. Clark Hadley's camg was scheduled to open i.n July i904, though
zt probably did not commence cutting until August I90S. Heav_y rains brotight
daan 2Q0 logs from the camp in December of tha�. year and agazn during mid-Fe�-
ruary ].906 when high waters broke a jam neaz Benter's ford (Rii 7.5]. Clarence
JosaPh Crook, wha worked in th� camq, �e�ai�e� t:��t in Gctober i9G6 i� was
"located just above Illingsworth farm [Rr�! 14.5] on �he Qpoosite bank of wiZson
?�iver" where �oqs were bucked "an steep sZopes in deep canyons."� Crook
helped build the wilson River Boom in 1907.
In July 1906 the ec3itor of the I?eadZight wrote of a p�easant tri� he
had with Had�ey from Portland to Ti�lamQOk over ��e 4�Tiison river road:
They stopoed and viewed the work af the logging camn where
the rien were piiinq the logs in the river awaitinc a fzeshet
in the fall to brincx them to tidewater. He reported there
were b�tween 6 mi2lion and 7 miZZion feet of 3ogs in the
river and by fall they intenried, with fair luck, to 3rive
between IO and 12 million feet.
27
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Hadley, who employed 40 to 50 men in �is C3Mp� aot a clear drive dawn
the wilson in �?ovember 1906 (Fig. IO): because af hea�ry rains and high water
"ahout b,000,OQ0 feet of loqs belonginq ta the Hadley Loggzng Company, beznq
about half the loc}s in the river, came down the t•lzlsan river."� He sub-
contracted some of �he cuttina. This is revea�ed in a lawsuit with E�unett
.7enkins, who was described as "carryina on �oqqing husiness, rvnn.zncr a
logga,ng camp of his ok�n Eor the F?�dley Lun�er Co. " on the P?es3ey R�sh P3ace
near Fal�. Creek (R�! �7. 2). Actually the Rnsh Piace was at River �!i�e 3.4
(Fig. llb) about three miles below Fail Cresk, but �enkins was logqinq as
high up as that tributary. He got logs on t:�e hi1�1 anc3 �ulled the�n dawn �o
G`�e river w�ere they laid until a freshet car.�e and taok them dawn river. A
scale was made of .7enkins' logs both in the �r?i3san River bao� and a3ong the
4�'iison Rivez trotn r^all Creek in July �907 (FZq, ��a) ;��
Q. How c3iu� you come down the river?
A. Part of the way we �rrdlked� and part of the way 4�e came
in a b�at, ra,r�ed about 5 miles.
Q• T�h�at �art of the way down the river c3id you walk?
A. tde walked from Fa11. Cresk to a point known as the
r7arraws, and t*ao *.aalkec� and one went in a baat, one
on each bank, and from the *rarrvws we carried the
boat over the jan�, and left the boat at Illinqwork's
ranch and set the camp-wagon far next day, and
wa�ked from there �?own (in the rivezbed).
�iany of the logs were 6 feet in diameter and .7enkins had the right to put in
iogs up to I1 �eet in diameter. The stumps along the river �zom these old
�'M�+.7 'riit.-,ess the fact L'nat some aiants of that size may have been put in. It
is a3so clear from testimony in this case t!�at there were other loqaing camps
putting in logs £or Hac33ey upstream of Fall Cr�ek. Aaain, however, it seems
Zogs had ja�red at the Narrows.
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Hadley facec3 other lawsuits from riparian owners fo� damaae he dzd to
their banks. Fza� these cases i� is revealed that he �ir� not put in �ocs
until 1905 and tha� that year's cut di� nat all come aut. 3'he drive of 190b-07
therefore �rought os�ti two year's cut of logs, and these caused r�ost of the
�amage to the �anks. Logs were also driven in 19o7-�8. tiac�iey's counse3
argued that the 4•.ilsvri tsad been extensive�y and commonly used for Iog driving
for r�ariy years previous to �.9�'7 , 61
Fiadley sold 'nis c�pany to t`�e �!iarni Lumber Com�any in *IOVer.tbez 1906. �'�
�'he fo�.lowing spring Mia�ni Lumher had to settle for injury caused by their
log drive to L. G. Free�s�an "s property on Triiison River : the ar5itrated damages
were $�,254. In December 3907 tihe company received S,OOd Zoas down the Wilson
River. The following February, eighteen men were employed at the company's
Camp RIo. 2 on the W�.�san River. The Headlight reported hzgi� waters in
early *iarch I308 hac3 washed out the bridge an the �rorth Fork, thus ha�perinq
the iaggi.nq cams� ther� from getting supplies. As there were no rai3roads
into that area at the time, any �ogging camz� on t:�e *Torth Far?c o£ the t�Tilson
wau3.d have to have taken its �ogs out on the river. Azthur �eeher, a loqger
whose famiiy had homesteaded the upper tdilson River in 1888, told fami.ly memhers
that loqs were taken down from. the P.yan Ian�s ahove �7ordan Creek (R�± 22-23).�
In Decer^�be� 1909 the Miami Lumber Ca�npany reaistered i,�s 3og brands for
use on Wilson River; perhaps because athers had begun drzvinq the river at
that ti.me, haw long after Z908-09 logs were rvn on the river is not known,
For the fifteen year �eriad 1893-Z908, logs were drzven on the cdi�san
River in increasincly heavy volume, the largest drives mounte� were by Clark
Hadley between 19Q7 and 1907. Althouqh some of the drives came to grief at
T`ie Narraws, River ��ile i6, ].ogs cam� from at Ieast P.yan Creek at River 5?il� 22.5.
31
The State would therefore have a claim to the bed of wi�son ?iver from that
paint ta the �outh.
MIAMI
Finally, the "?iami ?�iver was tha location of t�e Oragon Electric Lur�ber
Company in the year 1900.� Interestingly enaugh C�aude 'I'4�ayer, wtso atte�pted
to r.tanopolize driving on all the rivers of Til3asnook County in 1901, did not
list the *4iami River zn his fzanchise apolzca�ian. J. E. Siblsy put in a
logging camp on Mia�ai. River in January 1903 and the Tillasnook Loqginq Co�snany
was said ta ha�e removed its camp to the ?�Siami P.iver in Decem.ber I9a5. The
Tillamook Headliqht listed tne Miami witix the other four loaqinq streams enta�ing
T�llamook Say in ,3anuary 1907, The :�liami i.umber Co�pany registered brands
for the Miami Ftiver a.n Decem3�er 1909,�� The £iz�ssest evidence far tfie use of
the yiiami £or loa drives c�nes in the I920's when the (Charley} 5tane Logginq
Company had a shuLe into the river, but this was into the tidal �ortivn af ��5�
river near P.iver N[ile 1(Fig. 12). As that is the anly confirmed l�g f�ot-
ation on the river, the State does not have a claim to the bed of the Miami
ahove tideland.
32
----.-_ -
_ ' . s -
_ �
„ • `
� w . .,�
+�+�' �� � ~�. ��,:
Fig. 1 2..
Charley Stone's 1923 Zog
shute on Miami River near
River �file 1.
33
'1 .
��
af �*
.
RECR�ATIDNAL I�I?1VIGA`"IOPI
pecause of its oresent c�ose proximity to Port3and by '�iqhway, there
is heavy dzift boat use of Lhree of the streams which flow ir.to Tillamook Bav:
the 4�?flson, Trask and Kilchis rivers. �ave Heckeroff, Fish Biologist af the
State's Department of rish and Wildlif�, estimates that there are over 18,000
�oat recreation days of use af the wilson f.rom �iver t�ti�e 11 to tides��a�er each
year. Us� is hiahest �eginning with t�'�e au�umn rise of the river and the
suhsequent arrival of steelhead and fall chinook. [.'se peaks in Decem�er and
January and has secondary �eak in the spring chi.noak season from April to early
June. On the Trask there are about 10�000 boat recreation days of use, mostly
�rom P,iver Ptile ZI �a tic3ewater, but a�.so usinc a relatively smoot:� section
between River �i1es 13 1/2 - 15 1/2. Tne Kilchis sustazns abaut 2,QO�S boat
recreatian �ays of use each year from the cvunty park at River '4ile 7 ta tide�
water. The Tillamaok has perhaps 300 boat recreati.on days of use frotn *�e1ow
t:illam Crsek to Bewley Creek Sridge whiJ.e dri.ftboat use of the "�?iami above
tidewater is practically nil.
Tillamook Caunty has approximateiy two dozen reaistered guides eaho take
narties down �,�e V]ilson, '�rask and Ki3chis, ans3 their numl�er is augmentsd by an
undetermined numher of other prafessional guades from flther garts of t:�e state
wito take Aarti.es u�own these popular sgort fishing rivers< 72
34
SUP".N1ARY
'�'he State o£ Oregon's elaim to the beds of the rivers draining a.nto
Tillamoo3c Bay i.s based nn the �oJ.lawing periads af 3og c3riving on the
specified rivers:
River Miles Period of Drives
Wi�son 0-22�5 Z893-1948
Trask 0-1Q �879, 1890-1915
Til�.as�iaok 0- 6. 7 I887-Z93.�
Bewley Cxeek 0-3 1892-I9i5
35
FOOTNOTES
�. Lewa.s L. '�cArthur , Oregon Geocrraphic tdames , 4th ed .{Partland : Oregon
Historicai Society, 1974), ng. 728-29, 4�8, 489, SOd, 737.
2. State i�rater Resources Board, �orth Coast Basin {Salem, 1961), pp. 47-48,
50-54.
3. U. S. Geo3ocical Surrey, .+*ater Resanrces Data for O�eaon, 7,979 �+7ater
Data Report OR-78-1 (Por�3.and, 1979), o. n39.
4. Tiliamook Hera�d I2 Jan 1904.
5. T?�ere is an extensive description of the streambed of the Trask in Oregon
Fish Commission, "Summary of Tnformation on the Trask Ri.ver," Sept. 3�963.
6. Oregon Histoxical �uarterly, 17 {I9i6), �p. 13-�4.
7. Tillamook Pioneer Association, Tillamank Memories (T�Zlamook, 1972}, p. 6;
foz Indian canoes i.n Ti�Ia�ook 3ay see Ada '�!. Or�utt, Tillamook, Land of
?�.any Waters (POrtland: Binfords & Mort, �951), pp. 14-�6.
8. WPA Historical Records 5urvey, Tillamook County, IA, 1853 "Same Early
.T•tecollections," State Libra�y, 5alem; and see Ti�.lamoak �emories pg. 121,
151-155; the shig was reconstructed i.n 1959 and is on dispZay before the
Tillamook Cheese Factory, Ti1.�.amook Pioneer �ssnciation, Tilzamook Nistory
iTillamoak, I975), frontisniece, p. 20.
9. i�IPA Historical Reco�cds Stizvey, Tillamook County, IA, 1886, and see
Pacifa.c Coast wood ar.d Iron, 12 (1889}, p, 138.
30. U. S. Army Chief of Engineezs, Repart, 1888, III, pp. 2150-51.
I3.. Ibid , p. 2154.
lz. Ibid., 1905. VI2, np. 2452-54.
13. Tillamoo3c Heac�liqht, 17 Nov. 22 �ec 2898; WPA Historical Records Survey,
Tillamoo}c County, "Interviews," �. n. !��rrill; Oreqon Laws, 1A99, pp, 419-23,
i4. Tillamook Caunty Circuzt Ca�azt Case Dio. 897, Tillamook County Courthouse,
Tillamook.
15. E, R. Fit�ck3.e�Oerry, The �!dventures of Dr. He�ckleberry (Partland: oreqon
Historical Society, Z970), pp. 31-33.
16. Tillamook County Court Jouznal �, pQ, 468, 59d, E, pp. 257, 315, G, pp.
438-39, 455.
17. Til.lamoak �ier„ories pQ. 10-�.1; Tillamook HeadliQht i5 Dec 1892.
1B. Til�amook Headlight 3,7an Z694 and 28 '.ov 1890; Tillamaok Herald 12 Jan
1404; and see Columbia River and Oreaon Tiuw erman 3:3 (Jan 1902).
19. Tillamook County Lien Record I, np. 43, 45, 47-51, S�ate Archives, Salem.
20. Ibid., pp. 60-62, b4; Tillamoak Headlzaht 19 Jan, I6 Dec I$93.
21. Tilia�ook County Marks and Brands, I, p. 75, State Archives, Salem.
z2. TiZlamoak Lien Record I, np. 158-590
23. Arthur G. Bea3s, Autohiography (Tillamook: Tillamook Pt,� lishinq Co., 1952),
p. 19. --
24. Ti�l,amook Lien Recorc3 I, gp. 226-228, 230; Til�amook Coun�y �izcuit
Court Case t3o. 0633 , ana see cas� r7a. 8Q0.
25. Columbia River and Oreafln Timberman i:ll (Sent Z9Q0), p. 10; 1:7 (*�,ay I90Q},
p. 16; Pacific Coast ��ood and Iron 37:i {1899), p. 52.
26. Coiunsbia Rivsr and Oreqon Tzmberman i:5 (Mar 190o) ,�. 7.
27. TxlZa,�ook Herald, 15 l�ov I904 and 26 Jan 3904; Tillamook Hzstory, p. 224,
un�ess this is tize Had�.ey camp on ►rlilson River or another camp on Bewley
Creeks
28. Tillatnook Circuit Court Case No. 1754, Holden v. Coates I.rsmbez Co.
Transcript af Testimony, pp. 104, I06, I22 and nassir�.
29. Ibid., pp, I39, 144-47.
30. Tillamook I?eadl.iqht 2 Nov 1915.
31. 2?o�den v. Caates Lumber, Co., Transcript of Testimony, p. 57; Tz13a�nook
County Circuit Court Journal ll, pg. 350-53, 392-63, 413; P.ecard 3, p. 205;
TiZlamook County Circuit Court Case, B�rton v. Severance et al , Transcrint
of Testimany, p�. 382-83; Ti1la�nook Neadliqht 2]� '�az°ch 1890, p. �3;,
�2e Tiliamoak County Couzt Journal F, p. 148e
33. Til.lamook Headl�.aht, 14 Jan 1904.
34. Tillamook Marks and Brands I, pp. 97, },01.
35. Daniel b. Strit, "i}p the Kilchis," Oreaon Historical Ouarterlv, 72 {1971?,
p. 308. For recoZlections of logainq on the tidal portions of Tillamook
Ri.ver see Transcript of Testimony in State Land Board v. Sanse
pP I3 221. 224 MSS 69 RC n�r�_ Z��14 .Srat�Q nrrh;e�og c�7pm,
36. i�1PA Histarical Records Survey, Tillamook County "Interviews," John Henr�
Hathaway, Fred J. Py�e.
37. 1880 Census, Qriginal P.eturns �chedule 3, "5awtnills", Tillam.vok County,
�ay Precinct, Microfilm, �regon Stiate Lzbrary, Salem.
38. Tillamoak County Court R.ecord 3, pp. 177-79; this was opgosed by t�e
Tillamoak HeadliQht, 21 �ov 1890.
39. Tillamook County Court Recar� Journal F, o�. 102-05 and see Coltunbia
River and Oregon Timherman, 2_0 (Jul 14023, �. 1.
40. Strzt, "Up the Kilchis," Oreqon Historical nuarterlv, 72 (J.973}, p. 309;
73 (1972), FP. � �71.-92, 212-27.
41. Til�amoo�C County C�urt Journal A, p. 414, F, pn. �02-05, 139.
42. Tillamook County Circuit C�uxt Case No. 312.
43. Ibid , Case No. 456; Tzllamoo�c Headliqtst 23 .Apr 1903.
44. �illamoak County Circuit Court Case Noo 13850
45.
46.
Tillamo�k �iarks and Sxands I, p. 97.
Tillamook County Circuit Court Case *To. 932.
47. Oregon Histori.cal 5ocie�y photos, Trask River; part of a collection
af 1100 photoaraphs from Columbia 5tudios acon�,red in 1959. The
identification was made by an �regan HistQrical 5ociety empioyee
some years after acquisition. There seems tn he a splash dam in the
backgronnd of Fig. S and judging from the size nf the stream and
comparison with Fig. 6 would suggest that this is actually BewZey
Creek, not the Trask. The only Iogging camn with Iog drives repor�ed
in the Headlight during 1915 was on Aewley Creek. It wou3d he easy
to believe that G. L. P4csain (p. } was the vigorous lagger second
from the right. If the photo is of the Trask, it must be very faz
upstream, weil above Rl�1 I0.
48. Tii�amoak Caunty Cour� Jouxnal A, pQ� 343-49=
49. Dean Collins, T!ze 5tory af Tilla:nook (Portland: Oregon �ournal, I°33),
pp. I38-39; TilZamook Headlic�ht 31 �ct 1890.
50. Ihid., 9 Qec I893; Til2amook County Lien R.ecord I, p�o 85-87e
51. Til.lainmok Headligh� 19 :7an 1699.
52. :�Ir. Luebke's nates in possessian o� Ms. & Mrs. Glenn Simmons, Lees Ca�rp.
53. Tillamook Caunty Court Record F op. 1Q2-Q5 �2�_
54. Columbia Rivez and Oreaon "'imberman, 5:8 (�une L904); 6:10 (Aug 19Q5),
p. 40A.
SS. Tilia�nook Headlzuht, 2B +3ec 19Q5; 22 Feb 19fl6; 2'illameok History, pp.
164-bS.
�
56. �uebke, loc cit.
57. Tillamook Headlia�t 8�av 19a5; Columbza ?iver and �reqon Timbertnan
8:1 iNov I4d6), p. 39; (Helen Lu�b�e� "State Butter Replaced Tallc�w
in Greasinq Skid Raad", Porest Grove News Times [�967].
58. Tiiiamaok County Circuit Co�rt r�se �?o. 838, Hadl�y v. �enkins Transc:zpt
of Testimony pp. 23, 36�39; 2ocation of Rush p�ace fro� seorge Luebke
and Robert L. Benson land claims map of wilson P.iver, Oct. Z96B in
Aossession af ?�'r. and Mrs. G1enn Si�nons.
59. Tillar:�ook Caunty Ca.rcuit Cour� Case t3v. 838, Hadley v. Jenkins, Transcrip�
of Testimony, pp. 23. 36-39.
60. Tillamook Caun�y Circuit Court Case '1os. BIq, 883.
61. Ibid., Case Vo. 869.
62. Tillamook HeraZd. i7 �ec 19�7.
63. '�'illamook €ieadZ3.Qht, 4 Apr 1907.
64. Ibid 5 Dec 1907, 27 Feb 1908.
55. Ti3.lamook Headliaht, 9 Mar 1908.
66. Inforraatian from Glenn 5immons, 14 Ju�y 1980.
6'7. Tiliamook biarks anc� Brands I, p. 1Q1.
68. Pacific Coast wood and Iroa 34:2 tAuq 1900), p. 5I<
69. Tillamook Headliaht 22 ,3an 1903, �4 Dec 1905, 31 Jan 1907.
7n, Tillamaok Marks and Brands I, p� 143..
71. xuckleberry, Ac3ventures pp. 58-6fl, the location provide�? by the
Til�atnook Pioneer !�useum, 30 Nav 1979.
72. Informa�ion from Dave ??eckeroff, Department of Fish and wildli;Ee,
I]ecember 1979.
s