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Tualatin River FarnellTUAl.ATI11 RIVER �JAVI GA� I L.I TY STUDY � James E. Farnell, Ph.D. Research Analyst DIVISI�N OF STR�� LANDS Salem, Oreqon December, 1978 INTRODUCTIQN Under the Equal Footinq clause of the Oregon �dmissions Act, the �nited States Government transferred ownershin of the beds of all navigable water- ways to the State of �regon in 1859. At the time o€ this report, the full extent of Oragon's awnership is unknown. The prasent develozxnent trends aZong ouz waterways make it apparent �hat the location of the State/private boundaries is of extreme importance. The �973 i,egisla�ure recognized this and passad pRS 274.029-034. This iaw directs the Division nf State Lancls to make a study of aIi Oregon's waterways and ta make public their findings. This report is the Bivision's study of the Tualatin River. * * * The TuaZatin drains one of the first :najor areas of agricuZtural set�lement in the State of Oregan, originaliy called Tuality County. Th�refare, despite the river's iimited size, it has a well-documentad history of steamboat navigation during th� third cruarter of �he nineteenth century. In giving the evidence for this commercial use o£ the river, referenca has besn c�nfined, as far as possible, to pri�nary sources in �his report, i.e. cvntemporary repor�s and government documents ar statements by eye witnesses to the steamboat tra�fic. The fairly extensive secondary literature on steam navigation of the river is listed in the bibliograrahy, * * * Less well known than the s�eamboat navigation of the river has been its use for log drives, In developinq evidence for this commercial usage, 1 tne investiaator woul�� es��ecial�v Iike to tha�#c t!�e stafF of the '•'asPinaton ^aunty i3i,storical Society, !?.ichard "atthev=s, i,oren 'teyer, �nc? L3oyc3 ^'eyer. "'hey �laced me ir. contact wit?� t.'�xee nersons -��hose recollections have been znvalaable to this zsnec� of the rivRr's naviq�ility, *�.'. Bert picfcens af Forest C,rove, �ohn ?'. L�abhe ef T�eaverton, anci neynolc? �'niaer of Hi.11sboro. '^he Iii].lsbc�ro �lrous, especiallv i.n its Pxcell�nt bicenter.nial issu�, has aiso �een a!najor source of i.nforr�atian or. t�e history of the `�'ualatin. '-'.rs. tlary Datton :�urtz �ravi�?ed ^ictures of J_oq -irivinq in Fatton VallPy. '�he in�estiaator also expesses !�is ap�reciation to the staffs of the followinQ oraanizations who all raterially helpe� i.n the proces5 a� 3atizerir.g r�aterials �or this reoort: ^recron State Lihrary Qreaon 5tate :`rchives t-'asninqton Counr.y, County Clerk's �?ffice Dreaon i?istorical Society vriiVerslty of OYeapn L�3�rary �reaon Department of T-?ater ?esources * * * THE �'LTALATIN RIVE32 HASIi3 The Tualatin River Basis� is si.tuated within the Coast Range Subbasin of the Lower Willamette River Basin. The center of the Tualatin basin Zaes approximately 16 miles west of the city of Portland. The Tualatin drains an azea of 71Z square miles approxirna�ely 40 miles long and 25 miles wide. (Fig. I)�' It is not too £ancifui to say that the basin has the shape of an Indian arrowhead with the point at the river's entry znto the Willamette at West Linn and its i�ase in the Coast Ttange, from which mos� of �he tributariss flaw. The Tua�atin basin is virtually alI in washingtan County, indeed Washingtan County was essential.�y the drainage basin of the Tualatin River. �ight �iles af the river above its mouth, however, lie in Clacicamas County. The main s�em of the Tua3.atin ariginates in the Coast Kange at an elevation of 3,400 feet above mean sea Zevel. The principa� trzbuta.ries, their �oint af entry into the main stream, and their drainage areas in square miles are as foiZows:2 Tributary Scoggin Creek Gales Creek Dairy Creek Roc3c Creek Fanno Creek River iKi.le 63.7 59.0 45.5 38.2 9.2 Drainage Azea 4 5. 3 75.2 23Q.2 76 . 3. 32.4 'I'he percentage contribution of each ar�d its f�ow data are given in Figure 2. The water-surfac� grofiles of Tua].atin River and its upper tributaries are 3 I z a� � N- _.. � ,..�� • o. � • .Q ��*�• +� 's• � � •�� W Y z � m � C7 a z a c � • • . . •' � � .• :„-' _ ��'�' �� 0.1 fY019f+NF3StfM � R • � • • � • p — • � � ,� � +� . J �� a y � � Ear�r �, w •� • s • .� ,�U • a i � �� •. � � � • `r + • • � • 1 * a '• I3 .,. +e . • . .i � O �� , IY I � , � � 0 z � � � t �� • . � • �w � n � • - - - - - - - vY �rr7, +t • • .�. •� �'. . • • � i � � • •� • � ��i} • � I �• � x = � m • • ��ri: j � • � • iL ''' � • .« � • E--r '• R p .� i .�.• �• . � � � i ` � . • ' in 1-� • ;�..�: � ��..:.� � + y a � � • US 1 �� + ~ � . a � �" � �ai _ • U � a �7 " � ....J 0 r � ��- � �� w � U H W J • � . .. . � . . • . • . • • F • n ' • N � `� �• • • •••� .� • . 0 N �U • �, a'� � ! �� o � �, . � � '� � � �� : � O �, °C . • � �, � � �. o �. � � � �� ' � • a a � �� _�• a j: � °� , � • R • . ti� "' � J� � ' z � � � �'� � . �� . �-� � ' o �� ; � ; v� � � I . � :� o I : � � ' • — � � � � � ,� � U . t� � � � � � � � ` � _ ' n a . `O : � • '! � � � � Q tB W •' g � � � � O • � , p � W h � �� • �• � Vf �� ' , ! � W V 0 2 G�.7 f • � Z � O � � N • � ti . a n 2 � f � '` a ~ O ° Q � � � � '�� Q � h ~ . ' v ! a` � , • � J :-� o , a Q - `�� • � J W � • • � •�� _ � ••�� • �� 3 } � z5 s u M Y � 3 LO � F.. }s a � a � � 15 ` �, Q W � `� Z ; ': m Q � � Z i � �:r �: oa aQ � � �� y � � N :� O p � � � H � � � a � '�... ;•7 U V N � N �� N � � � � � � � — �E 0 � ti �x��aNaTion� Qrornflge Qrea ;�: Medion annua! 7-day rs�inimum flaw N w � " :;:: Average-annual #bw "—' S Median annual I dcry maximum �low N s; I �Y.�: N ';: i' � .:: N � E " � � N � E � � n � r� � � u 8 �E � � C N 1� �? 6b Q h � g ■ .� � u 8 � N � ` u �, a, �: � U � Upper � Scoggins � Gales �West Fark � Easi Fork I McKay I Rock- � Faru�o Tuaiatin Dairy Doiry Beaverto� Fig�re 2." Percentage contributian at Tuaiatin tributaries and flow statistics, 19 period, 1929 47. 5 characterized by steep slopes zn the upper reaches that bre ak suddenly to Ye�ry flat slopes as the streams enter the main valley flood plai.n. (Fig. 3) In the upper slopes, the streams have a fall of as much as 500 feet per mile. Slopes in the lower reaches of the tributaries are in the order of 3 to 4 feet per mile. The main stream in the vicinity of Gaston, river mile 65.9, changes frarn a sZope af appraximate�y 12 feet per mile to one of approximately 3 feet per miie. In the reach from Dairy Czeek to �he Oregon Iron and Steel Coznpany dam, the average slope is about 0.2 foot per miZe. This main section of the river with its Iow gradient is characterized by a number of convo.�uted curves. Fro� about river mile 6.5 to the mouth, however, th� riveX fiows through a narrow gorge and from river mile 1.5 to the mouth the gradient is moderate ta slightly steep with a number of natural reef dams. Virtua].ly the whole length of the Tualafi.in below the entry of Gales Creek has a steep bank with tree eover; many trees have tvppJ.ed into �he stzeam. (Fig. 4) Flows in the Tualatin Ri.ver are markedly varied by time of year due to the fact that it is fed by xainfal� rat.her than snowmelt. (Fig. 5} Thus in the neak four months of �he wet season, �ecember thraugh Mazch, the medi.an streamflow ras�ges from 2,000 to 3,500 cfs. During the low water moaths oE late summer and eariy fall the median fl.ow drops to Iess than l0a cfs. Wit.�in these seasonal variations there are even more dramatie contxasts in s�reamflaw, depending on the ainount of pre- cipitation, with December flpods af over 8,004 cfs (record flood 1933 o£ 23,300 cfs} and a recorded siu�emer 1.ow o£ 0.20 cfs (1966) .� 6 r z u F r � ! a � 0 a 3 , ,,,,�...�,..,,,, ♦�e �s �uliwv7'T7 wws�ils 'o �� , � ;�E=.. � ms�`� "� J a a ' . � i ii �,� ycew :11+) ..rt Nw 1� W � ' �,�rsw�esNS��AS�3 � p� 6� :: t, I "Ic ]I d � a�� _ � ��; 1 ��o-� � � 1 i � W O W F. Yi� N<Y}� � �j T�IY7i7R r�l � W � 71 S ��G 10 �: �� ;��t, � -�ra,� el � � � � � i aa� i� � `�� i , � _ �i � r � �� d ' � � .� N a c v � � r � c 0 0 � F- I � N , y � O � a eri m � a �.. 7 F �x��'� ,I' ,µ iw •e �� . � n '.� 1 � , ,,� � , M��k "m � �� ,�" "�� w:�`��'��;�a�' "� �' � � ��#�� w �� ,, �• `'�C�"�� ,� `�`��; ��,� �„w � '� ' � � � � . � ,. � � `��, ...� , �' � � � ,�� ,� �� :" r ♦W' �� ' � ;w � � ' � � � , _. .. W^„". ��6 �� ' �ma�N �� . , 4 a "^- � �� £ N: � ry L. �F'4 .�r � dY} AW � � �� ' �M . �'Y�' �'4 fl J� �� ♦ �� A �'Y � ^M ff� ^ ' �'s�"� '�" "` V � � � ', +�+ x ; � � � , �� ' :��,� .� "� '" *� �' �. °� �� R ti , ;-+a� ' ,�� ' '�'� � �.� t �°,� � ��s ��a�q � � � �� y r' �... �,. W. � . '+d�� M ��°''� iY.,. �� `f �' t''�'_: _.. �. $^� 7 �+ � �a � �.. r� �c �' Tut�latin River June �43, 1978 � � � � � � .��. . � - r . k �, Re r � � � �`� �.. v � � �+'7 I @�� i r � � � � r'�� "�� .�� ' � �� ,�; � ,"��`; �"� �' ,,,��,� s .� �,�� , w ��+ :a�' ��°' � �" , r�ry� � ` � � � '� d� + ,"�.` � ��„ � .� ,�� -.��,� t �N � "�'"� � M �,`� � �� „,� � � � � ��. �� t w . ��, ` x ,�_�4. .°:a� t' . .�'"" �°� ., e .' � 'y.. .� 1 -� ` ,� Figure 4b� - Diwar�ion dc�m, �. M. 3.8 � � 8 � ;: � F�gure 4a R.M. G to Mtsuth Tualptin River, Ju�e 2t7, R97£3 � � ��' � �4 r,�.'+� P V1 4r � �„� ,,�� 4'�"° y��, .„ .�� f ' '�5��,��:a� '� y 4 �" � �YI"�� '�".3 �- , �;'� � � � � �' � ' ��'� � w ... � . �`"' ` y � � " • r y. � � � y � r � r �� ` � p �� W��'�' k've 't .� �y� N � V � ",�� '�",,.� �� .�� + �� wG _ � :. ^ � K � � p � , ��' �yp ° ��►� �_ . ° aw � � w �� ,�' s v�dp � r .� . .� � ��#� �� r• � � - - � . �a' � � � � �� '� � r �.. 1��` � � � �4,� „�� . 1 � � �� ,� �..�:�� WT�; �V .�;,.,� � r + _. � P F. . ,� � � � ,�� A ��..:�� . . �`� '��`� .o �� —. � �, _.� � . �� ,�� . � '�` "� � � .�� ' _ �� .fr� a �� .a►.� � ` "'� �x' �-�� .. s , �,, - "` " �,.� w � ,' � ��, -•. �"�,•��'' " ��' �' ?�, � r' � r�= �.,�. .��, '"� °�� - i d 4; � .. rn�" ��r �'� . � - o � µ '�"'� p � w � k 'T_ t� a�lr� � � . . . �.e� � ,a>._. �P Figure 4c, near R,Ni. 23 �e �i^�„ � � ` � � `� G ,„ � �� ,�" �� + � ...,�id,� � ��,.�. ,,� �""�`� � �$ ' "�,� � � � . . r �� * A ; rl , '�� u u � � � : � � �• �,� � �d �� A ��, 5� w�� - '� '�� ."� ' , �_ r,�?�� k � � ��. r�, �� , �° �� o � �.�. � µ qr � ! ..� s � ° .. � .. ..�._ � . � � . �N . ,. � ► ,,� w�"'� �,�y4� ` � "�'� 9� � ��'� �i��. 'y �� 4 b '4� r � � �' � �R..�.�. f��r� Figure 4d.°° Entrance of Dc��ry �ree�C, Ft.M. 45 � � 0 z 0 � e � � a � � � U � � U � Q � 0 z 4 4 � � 3 b 3 . � � w � � �, z � �0 .. 450 4pp � w � W � �o � � � � Q N 3Qp � 2 � z 3 z5o a w � O w � � 200 � J x r � E� � � �s 50 7 Figure 5.--Bar graphs suu�marizing monthly mean streamflaw discharged from the Tualatin River basin d�ring the i9-year period, 1929-47. 10 The basic originaZ industry in the Tualatin basin was agriculture, £irst wheat farminq and g�azing fol�owed closely by fruit produc�ion and daa.rying. At the turn of the century, tha origina� sma11 logging operations in t�e county were swelled, as in the rest of rhe state, to major exploitatian of the tzmber resources, tne peak of which was reached before 1910. At present the basin has increasingly become a residential suburb of Portland with large centers of population in Beaverton, Lake Oswego, West Li.nn, Tigard, Hillsboro, and Fvrest Grove. Little of the urban development cazne directly to the river edge, except for expensive resic3ences in the ].awer reaches of the river, because of the threat of f3.00ding. I�. shouJ.d be remesnbered that the past and present economic uses of tihe basin's resources have altered the character of the streamflow av�r time. Thus the heavy Zogging activities led to ampla.fication of the seasonal changes in streamflow because of lessened upriver storage capacity in the surzounding hi11s. Farmi.ng has also divexted much a£ the streamflow in summer, further �owering bank capacitzes duxing that season as co�pared to the situation which pzevaz].ed in the nineteenth century. These summer reductions were vividly detailed by witness in a hearing on the Tualatin River usage he�.d in Februazy 1959. These historic as w�11 as seasonal changes are illustrated hy comparison of early and current photographs of the lower stretch af ti�,s river near river mile 0.5 (Figs. 4 and b} I� car�dit�ons at 3.o�r flou (approxir��e�y 31 �.�.a.). Aug�st �, �96�. iz F"igure 6a"" Tva�atin R�.ver at river milo �.25 ahcwing ' ",�"~, '"�� "� '. �,„„ ^ ��"��+ � �,:�fi � �, �r W ; t � _,y � °� ��, ..�;«. � 4�. �� a•! " �� ., � "�`�e� � � � � � ' `'� � _. � � �,,- � � � �e �� „� � �� i � t :. a ' �'�� '�`r%�'��+��y ,� � ��'i� �r . d" . "�, s��"9 d `� Ld� '�° �� ,� � � "' *, ,,,� li�� . �1 'a r, �,., « t ,� ,. I� �, � �`"� ,�' ,,� -�� v �"A� � tr� f ,'�!�� "� �� '�� `' �,�? � � ��. � W,.� � � y �+�' +�'�° �. , F� I° g � i �N.�y� �"a � 4 ' ` f � ��. ti � �, s 1 r��'� �Ynx , �� ,� i ;� ' � �" � �e a n�.. . � �' 1`, r�kN ' � r.� :: � �� W '� W � ' 4 - J F � , � w V. '� .. � �' � � w �� _. V � I o � �;�iYi II��' i � � t �'.d' Y , �" .'•- � ��.� � � "�� ii " ��,�� ,�i! � .�d�� 1. ., w�� Id a,1�i ��, Y k�� _ ,� �� Y � � k ��` p �� i � � "� � � � u � �� ' ��. � � �� = � �;� .�� 1YI��r �'a �'�^�� 1� � � � _�� -� � .��'�� I � � � � �, P � � t � ry � lp •� � • � a; � . � 3� K `� �� °�, � IA a. tt � M m p" �� !"� � 4 � , p 91 � p 7 o. ,�� . � � � � ' _ � . � ^� � "��-'� .i'� II �i.�� t I�>,��' t t ~ � ' � ' �� q `� � � .. �r M , .Gj M ,�` t. * �` � �. � � y (, • ., � * � � � � 1 � y �� .� �. + �` E �%� �1�# � �II� I�� # r � � ' ° �� t 4� ��°.� -� . �"� '�, , ,,,. � � ;. ' - � , +' �` ' W � �� Y �� t � E �_� � yr � ., t� � �1 � � C „��. � g� _ r q .. .wp� 6� P r� 'k � x 1� � Z " � �. � ' ��' ��'�� 2 '±� �G� � M, � l � �, ,'S �'� ; � . "", � IS '�d o- .^Y' n:�. 'Y. r ''� 4� '{I4 �'M � �� *.�� y�� a' ,t � ��' i�. 4 4 y.. .�,�,� .,� ` �r� ��7 �k,� �� n '� �� C ¢ i ��., r ' {"�" �",�. , � �� i �� I��y� . a .. � ^q', � � �l� � � �� r1 � � �� ,n �� "1; � � �, , '� 'e, '' ?� a i�� b�� r l ii � i �-� ��,�^ ,$ � � � iky�' "tr"�� „ k ' ��4 �� 7 `` , Pd .. t W� , . � 1" � y"l� �d� n � � �.� . 1 � Y �Ta.�. - 4 t, � '� � � � M , �" ,. A� .�� Wy ��.y .; ❑ � d� �$ �„ �I ��I, � �� I� I Y 'C � ��,'� � � r � i �� ;� � r ,� � 5 y► -�." � � i � ,�- � w�� " ., , "fi . , �, • II . . , . '' " ��h° ��° �a,� ; . ' ^�" c� , . � � i � p � ^. • . fl � `�u , I� i�—� � ij �� : °�.7 . . 4;° � �Y� 4 . ♦ 1 � ,nnd ..��x � � �� m+ � � � � � � ::L � -� � �� ., � -0 �� x .,�1��l: g iP A � . '�� . " � �Y „.'�4� � ♦. _ , I r � �� I�F �� .- � ar � � � i - �9� �� a � �, �� +: � �,, .� z , , � " '�'" ! �. � �`�� a�' � • � �� ..� � �„ k lo , �� ' �" � � � ,f ,. �� ,, �e: �'` `:-v�� v;�y 1 ��l_ �,�� ; °� � �+��„� �° w�k�, � : �, . Y � '� p 1 ` �„, t . 2d!� � . i . � ��&�te'�, °� h � ' � {� � W� '� a. . y C+ �,' �� } � h �� ^ �'r�7 't� '�x . 7" I� nM� � b' 4� 4° � , , �'� �� ' � � y i � , � ' ,�, � � � ��, �� o �� ' - � � � �, � r,� � . � i� � �� , ar '� � � � -, � .�.;., x ti � � � � �P � . � � �� . �� "� �� /,i,r Yb P� M >.� :". Y a��° � � q ','��' � �' � .. arJB� Ww^�w q �� .,� 1 " .....•..�ew+V b �,,�w � '�� p 7 Pa. c x .,,w� '� + �� „ . , , .� . . �' � � . . ��e;��' � �'�- .�^;,w� » � � � . �� . �/ � �-� �. � m � , . �. s �� ° �� ,�� ' �,• , r ,.,- , . ��, � ° '� �'' � �y;�� '� � � � � � , �� . �, � �k � � �,�'R � ,� �k " � ��p � � FERR�ES mhe �irst notice of traffic on the surface of the Tualatin River *.aas the use of ferries. A traveZex ugriver in 1851 noted �r, Szo*.an's ferzy at the site of the nresent taam of Tualatin {R.M 8.6) and also Harrzs' an� 5choll�s ferries further upstream.�Q �he ferry at Tualatin laCer became �he ralbreath ferry untzl discontznued in 18�7.I�p- �he �lashinqton County Commissioners' Journal for Apri1 6, 1853, descrihed the �erries exisLing at that time:�� Ferries on TuaZatin: �rdere� that thc rates of �erryage on Su�ger and �Toiand's, Harris and Landsss; and Peter Scholl's ferries be estaialished as fallows: For each Foot Passenger, fifteen cents .15 '' " *�an and Horse twenty five " .25 " " wagon and yake of nYen oz span a� Horses .7S �� '� Additional yoke „ " " �� ,� �� .25 " " head of loose Cattle or harses .].2 " " " " Sheep or Hags .n5 Ordered that Peter Scho�l be taxeci twelve do�lars for his ferry license for the year ending April h, A.B. 1854. ordered t!�at Sulger &*taland's be taxed ten dollars per annum for their ferry license [F2•t 36.4j fror� 7ece�nber 3, A.D. 1852. other Eerry licenses were arantec3 as follows: June 3�, 1853, C. C. �iller at ?ine Crove (F�[ 3.7) Dece�er 5, �853, Joseph Field at his Za�,d claim across Ttialit�� {nt�! 1.7) April 4, 1854, John A. Taylor at 15T. 2S.R.1?•d. (P.t" 1Z.5) Two days after the �ast entry the commissioners authorized the construction of a bric3qe at fiarris ferry (RF4 33.3} . There was also a major ferry at r`oare's �^ill (F,�I 3.2) in Clacka�as Countv. sCr�oii Ferry (I�•i 26.9) was tiescri�ied as "a raft on ce�'ar loc?s...operated ay manpower" t�at crossed the Tvalatin F.iver near the present '�ri�ae sitg fo� anout 20 years. Pet�r Scholl, one of t�e nricrinal 1847 Rioneers, replace�? the rope-towed .ferry himself ±��ith a�ridae ti�at soon washed cut, la STEAMBOAT NAVIGATION Agitation for the development of steamboat transport alonq the Tualatin came as early as the construction of ferries across the river. Oregon City, in its commercial competitioa with Portland, was particular�y in- terested in f�rthering this mode af tapQing the agricultural wealth of the area recentily named Washington County. 7'he Oregon Spectator began its caznpaign to open the Tualatin to steamboat traffic on May 22, �851. A week later it pub�,ished th�.s descra.ption af the river made by M. R. Barnum: As the navigation of the Tualitin river is among tkze �hings talked of, I thought a short sketch af a trip up the river about t�sree weeks ago, wouZd not be entirely devoid of interest to some of your readers, and would shaw tlza� the navigation of the Tualitin river is nat m�rely a visianazy, but a practicable scheme. Myse3.f, together with faur athers, started fram Messrs. Moore & Rice's Miil, which is about two and a half miZes above the mouth of the river, (as�c� now nearly ready for operation,} to go up the river for t3ze purpose of making a,sx examination in regard to timber and land aZanq its banks, and th� feasibility of its being navigable, and I was highly p�.eased with the resu�t. We staz�tad fram the mill in ti�e morning, in a skiff, and got to BrQwn's ferry, which is abou� fvur mil�s, in about ane hour and a hal£. We had to c�t one tree out of the way, whzch took half an hour`s �ir.ie. �'he water to Brawn's i.s very sluggish, hardly a perceptible curren�, and very deep, and �he river not very crooked. �here are two short rapids here at srown's abo�at 80 rads apart; each rapids a}�out 40 rods in length, with 1B znches to 2 feet £all each. ytr. Hrown told us that there were at l.east two feet of water on thesa zanz.ds at the Iowest stage; and when Moore � Rice's dam which is now in the progress af erection, and which we are calc�il.ating ta build six feet above low water mark, is completeci, it will entirely sZack, and ma}:e the water at least four feet cleep an the ugpez ranids at Iaw staqe, so that any difficulty here wi�l be en�irely obviated. We proceeded on up the river about ten miles further, and found it ak�out t3ze same as below Brown's, deep and sluggish, very lit�le 15 drift wood in it, and from I50 to 200 Peet in width, and such timhez and farming Iand as barder its water, I think cannot be heaten in this territory. we went on shore a n�er o£ times, and was as much del.ightec� wit.y the pros�ects ashose, as on t.'�e water.... It see�s to me that this section of country has been ai�nast entirely over�ooked, especially as its natural advant.ages are so great, ar►d with the addition of a pZank road from the mill to the falZs af the Wi1lamEtte, it wi7.1 make the best au�Iet fox the produce of the Tualatin plains, and Chehalam valley, that can be made... I have been told tnat the river is eaually free from obstruction same dis- tanc� above Hi3.lsboro. A manth later Robert FKoore, Char3.es Sanbourn and CharZes �iadd�n made the same trip and also extolled the navigationai passibilities of the Tualatin.l� The foi3.awing spra.ng the Spectata� gublished a report that three enter- prising young men had commenced to build a boat 50 feet Zoag and 12 feet in beam at Tualatin Mills to p1y the riv�r. Th� wri�er promised that "you will soon see a s�eamboat puffing up the Tuals�tin river, to take yaur pro- duce to market, withou� cripp�ing up your cattle in passing over the aforesaid celebrated pl.ank road. "�' It was to be several. years, however,.before �he Territary`s Legislative Assembly passed an "Act to Incorporat� the fivalatin �iver Transportation and Navigati.on Company" an January 29, IB56.�� The purpose was to imnrove the river for navigatian and connect it to the 6�illamet�e river. The Saec�atoz's successor, the Oregon Argus, aqain s�ressed �he lacal farmers' need for steamboats on �he Tnalatin. According to t�e editior, ti�e husbanclmen' s : capacious barns are now crammed with grain which ought ta have b�en in market t3iree years ago, men who would raise hundreds o£ bushels where they now rais� their tens, if they had any other way of getting it to market than by means of iand transportation, over horrible roads, at the risk of breaking waqons, crippling horses, and drowning teams, - we say when it is prorsased, by means of a stream containing azi abundance of water to flaat a steamer the year round, �o connect this countzy with Oregan City, lb where we need this trade...and where we hav� naw a set ot magni- f�cent mills which will saon need feediag with this surpZus grain, we are disposed ta ca12 (for the public's support},� James D. Miller was ane of those who undertoa]c to improve the ri.ver channel. aad his reminiscences were published in the Oregan Historical Ouarter3.y : ..� Some time during the y�ar of 7.85$ Captain Cxis Sweitzer and Captain George H. Fease baught t�e steamer Hoosier and put it on the Tualatin River, to open up naviqation to Hillsboro ana Forest Grove. After sellinq my interest ia the Hoosier to R. N. White, I moved back to the farm in the spring of 1856. The Hoosier mad� some tzips up the 3'ua3.atin to Harris bridge, and brought down to Moore's mil� several loads o£ wheat. �'here was a dam here across the Tual.atin River, and the Hoosier had to run above it, but owing ta drifts and �ams in the river above Harris bridqe, it cauld not ge� any further up that stream. Captains Pease and Sweitzer took a cnntract from the Tualatiin Imnrovement Company ta clear the drifts and log �ams, so the river cauld be navigated to or near Forest Grove, fo� ti�e sum of $1500, $500 to be paid whenever the steamboat biew the whistZe at or near Hillsboxo. In the fall of 1858 I bought of Pease and Swaitzer a one-thi.rd interest in tYze Hoosier then lyi.ng near Moore's mill ai.n t.he Tualatin Ri.ver. I took charge and undertook the job of clearing out the rock heaps, logs and drift, according to contract. Y hired a crew and started up in October (3.858}. In Noveanher or before th� middle of Becember, T had cut thraugh numerous jams and qot to or near Hillsboro. T then blew the steam whistle, but saw no money comi.ng as agreed upon. I 3cept on going up until abaut necesnber 24, when I stopped. I was but a few miles be].aw the end af our contract. T le�t the men with the baat and made a trip down home to see my par�ners about pay, for the men had got no money on the contract. When we got together, we decided ta qui.t tha job, bring the Hoosier into the Willamette, and run on the old YamY�ill rau�e, as the Elk owners wished to leav� it anc� go on the upper Willame�te run. I re�urned to the boat, and on January �, i$59, turned downstzeazn. It had been raining very hard far several days and the water had risen about ten feet, so we had qui.�e a tediaus job in getti.ng down thraugh the drifts, for the z�ise of water had caused m ck heaps to move that we had cut through, and to bac3c or fiZl up for a quar�.er to a ha�f mile. ��Then we go�. bac3c down to Harris bridg� we found the drift had filled up for a}�out three-quarters of a mile, The drift had ta be got loose, and very muciz of it kept ahead of us, so we were neariy a mon�h getting back to the mill at Moore's dam. I next co�nenced taking the Hoosier round this dam, which 2 successfuZly did, and, after running from the dam just below 3oseph A. �'ie�d's farm 1� miles, I dropped out into the �li�lamette stern 17 first, as the tatal fa�l from there into the willamette was about 15 feet. This was safely accomplished. We so�n got ready and I ran the Haosier agazn in the Yamtzill.�� Z`he Hoosier was the third of that name in the Willamette basin and was a sidewheeler of 27 tons. The real period of regular steam navigation on the Tualatin was inaugu.- rated by the KeZlogg brathers who ran the steamships Onwaxd (Fig. 7} and Ya�hill on the river. Thay hac� begun working the Tualatin by a't least� ].866 as the following notice a.n The Dai�.y Oregonian of E'ebruary 26, 1667 gives evidence: NAVIGATIaN OF THE TUALATIN RIVER. -- Capt. Keliagg in�ox�ns us the P. T. Co.`s steamer Yamtii�.I is now malsing regular trips on the Tualatin river as far as Hillsbora. He says that there is plenty of freight - country praduce - yet to come down from the head of navigation and way landings. �.'�te navigation of this streaan is attended with a ms�ber of difficulties, but Capt. (Edward) KelZogg - brother of our Capt. (Joseph) Kellogg - manages to overcome the most af them in one way or anot3�er. During high water in the winter, the bridges �snder whi.ch the steamer has to pass, constitute something of a hindrance, but that is avercosne, rather undergone by a hinge joint in the smoke stac3c by means a� which it can be let down on the dec3c. In sumrnex, the size and great numbers of musquitoes (sic) sosnetimes abscnre the vision of the captain or att�ac3c him sa furiously as �o compel him to let go 'the whee3., in either of which cases. cvllisions with the bank are not infrequent. The Yamhill notwithstanding these few difficulties, never lases a trip exce�t when there is a failure of the usuai f�ow. The �regonian gave a fuller descriptian of the shipping routes on �he Tualatin in their April 1, 1868 issue: Navigation of the Tua�atin River. R� cent d�vR�o�m�nt�s �nc�isat� that the navigation of the Tualatin Rivar is not an enterprise to be derided, but that it will be at 2east �neasurably successful. The stream has been cleax�ed of drift so that i� is navigable fox boats of thir�.y or £orty tons as far as Hillsboro, on one of its branches, and to a point within two and a half miles of �orest Grove on the other, 'Fhe north fork, it is said, wi11 be cleared of drift so �hat boats can run to CentervilZe, some faur or €ive miies above Hi,1lsl�oro. It is Qronosed by those who are enqaqed 18 �: ,. � �. » ��;. w ,� �,� � .+� �, �' j r ��.�� ;� � ,�� ; �; ��a. �� _ .�� . � . � .° w �~�� rr � r � . x� �igure 7. -- 7he Onward Z9 in the enterprise to deliver freigh� in Portland from any of these points at six doL�ars pex ton. If this can be done, and there seems to �e na reason to doubt its practicability, the navigation of the Tualatin will prove of great advantage to the people who occugy the good fazming country through wnich that stream takes its caurse, Hitherto they have been practically cvt off from market for half the year; but if in the winter season they can hereafter ship their praduce to Portland at the rates above mentioned, they will find the arrangement highly bene�icial to their interest. That the stream wiZl affard navigation fox six or eight months during the year is an established fact. The energy that demonstrated th is in the face of such great difficulti.es is highly commendable. Durzng the sumsrter season hauling is comparatively easy fro�c the Plains to Portland; but even �hen it is difficuit enough. Transportation for the winter mpnths is a great desideratum, since the occupation of the farmer duzing the season of good roads are such as to leave him little tim� to haul his produce to market. Ana�her account of the sections af fihe rzver served �y the steamboa� was grinted on Fehruary I1, Z869: INTERIOR NAVEGA�'ZOi3 - A friend who has been out in the Tualatin P7.ains colm�eunicates fihe fo�lowing in relation to the navigation of the Tualatin xivex: "This raute is disconnected, by water, from the Wallamet and, at Qresent, comp3.etely land-locked, extending from E�nerick's Landing an the Tualatin river to Oswego, a distance of sixty miZes, The proprietors of �his line, composed of some of the princigal owners in the P. T. Co., have, during the past year, at a ?�eavy outlay and wi�h persistent endeavor, cleaned out this river ax�d placed thereon the new steamer Onward, of oRe hundred tons, far the use of the farmers and merchants af SJasha.ngton county as well as for the more extended develapment of the resources, rich bottoms and prairie lands along its circuitous shores and thus to build u�a a valuable trade and rei�burse in the future for the disbursements of the past. But to descenc3 to particulars, we may say that this line dispatches the Onward evez^�r Thursday r�sorning from Col€ax, throe�gh the same day to Forest Grove and Centerville landing, touching at intermediate points; returning, �eaves the above every Monday at 6 A.M. Citizens of the "4etropalis wishi,ng to visit this newiy �s- tablishec3 route can dn so by taking the Senator Wednesday evening to Oswago, wher� they have plenty of tir:se to visit the 7ron Co. ti•zorks {now in operation} and the town from the rear of which you step on b�ard �he Minnehah� and steam up ±�hP aua.er waters of O�vege Lake, two miles long to its head, passing the cliffs called Lover's I.eap anc� Disaster Rock, thence reship to the railzoad and taice a spin af two miies aczoss the c�ivide between the lake anc3 river at t.he point na.�ned Colfax, whence per the orn++ard you commence the ascent of the deep and sluggish waters of the Tualatin. After Colfax, two miles above is Bridgeport; thence to Taylor's bridge, four miles; but from this paint, distances are not praciseZy known or giv�n. A few miZes above the last named nlace, we come to the fzrst bend of note - Edward's Bend - which we pass twice in qoin tsic) up, it being 20 on the outside of a sl�nder Zoop in the river, which an the whole is one of the most extended river (sic) in length between two given points, to be found zn Oreqon. "A straig�t �ine is the shortest distance between two points," and by means af Zoops w� may get the longest distance �etween two points. The npper river is a succession of Iaops and bends to which the river snen have given names. while the Onward was moving raQidly and steadi].y £or- ward arotuid the curves, closing the view a short distance in the rear, and oQening new anes in front, tt►rough the extenc3ed fir forests, under the skilful {sic) control of Capt. Ed. 1Celloag, �lisha Kellogg being Engineer and O. Kelloga, General 5uperintendent and Purser, We noted names of some of the bends, viz. Panther, Scholi's, TuZip, Ke2Zogg's, Foster's, Bowlby's, Jackson's, Horse 5hoe, Goose Egg, and C bends. T3�e ].andi.nas aze, TayZor's, Farmington, Harri.s', Hillsboro, CenterviZle, and Forest Grove. On the last trip up we had nine passengers and freiqht and 17 down, besides 20 tons frei.ght. The Con�pany and citizens af Centerville proQose to clean out bairy Creek to Centervill� next summer and they will then make reguZar trips te Centerville, addina much to the present convenience af shippers. In 1868 or 1869 as a girl of fourteen or fifteen Mrs, �Toseph .7ack {nee ??abinson� migrated to Farmingtan in the Tualatin Va11.ey aboard 4ne of KeZlogg's ships. 5he reca3.].ed the trip in an interview during I927: "We made our way up the cree3c which flows from Oswego lak� into the Willamette and �inallv to the Tualatin where a stea�oat was awaiting us. To Mrs. Jack the trip on t�ie steatnbaat ug the Tualatin river is so deepZy impressed upon her mi_nd that the gictnre seems to be a mental impression formed on.�y yesterday. The shallowness o£ the stream did not permit the o��ration of a very Iarqe boat dn tl�e str�am. 2'o get what few inches of channel that did exist u�on the strea�rt it was necessary to build a dam to flood the waters. Ac- cardinq to her recolZection, the Ke3.iog was the name of the stern- wheeler w�ich took them Creeping in a snake-li3ce winding path up the Tualatin to Campbe�l's ferry, Farminqt�n, where they had vur- chased a farm. "We made so many bends and twz.sts that it often seemed as if we were coming bac3c to where we started," said Mrs. Jack in recaiiing the trip. "The Zittle boat .�uffec� ana slowly made its way along. Hours were requized to conquer ttze meandering stream in reachi.ng our destina�3on. The boat operated along the Tvalatin for several years, but other means o� communication finally put it out o€ business." Anather Hil�sbaro resident of Z925, Alonzo Sigler, recalled working on the steamboat Onward during the Zate I860's in the same newspaper series. �1 The upper head of navigation for steamboats has been a matter of dispute. T. S. Wilkes gave his remernbrance of steanE navigatzon on the Tua�atin in response ta Mrs. 3ack's story in the Hi1ls�ozo Arqus �t saay be that I can ad8 a little of value to the story of the early naviqation ost the Tualatin �ive� as reca�led by Mrs. Jack. My grandfather, Hyer Jackson, owned the Jackson Bottom south of Hillsboro in those days and I can weil remember tha time when the Ke�loggs raa the "Yamhill", a szde wheeler, on the river. Zt ran up as far as t,he Sol. k�neriek place south of where Corne�ius now is, and it was intended to run up Dafry creek to the old Centerville bridge, but I am nat sure tha� it �ver did. John Trullingex, who hough� my grea� unale John H. Jackson's inill at Centerville, built a warehouse there beside the bridge just north of the old Centerville ar "Marsh" schaoi house and E saw a crew af inen at work clearing aut the drifts in Dairy creek, but as I remember it there was no draw in the o1d bridge west o£ Hil�sbcsro, so it is c3oubtful if the boat ever ran up to CentervilZe. The old Warehouse was sLanding in the early nineti�s b�side the Jackson bridge, and the draw-bridge collapse� but a£ew years ago. As to the name of the boat Mrs. Jack rode an, it was either the "Yamhill", a side-wheeler af about 50 tons capacity, or the "Onward", a stern-wheelex which the Kel�oggs built at Oswego. The "Onward" was too lonq for the tortuous char�nel and the cr�w spent �nore time cutting trees away than in running the boat. She was kept on the river about four years, I think, and then hauled ug aut oE the lake at Oswego and slid dowst on ways into the Willamette, w�tere she saw many years af sexvice on the Cowlitx river ruri from Portland, and it was abaut 1B83 that I�ast saw her tawing a raft of loqs past Columbia City. It must have been sonie tin►e around 18&S when Joseph Kellogg started the Tuaiatin river boat line, and one of the red letter days of my bayhood was when � stoad on the baNc at t3ie Jackson warehouse and watched the column of steam and smoke curling np among the tree-�ops as �he Onwarc3 wound in and out of the ber�ds between the Minter and the Jackson bridges. Grandfat3�er had taken my brother Ellswbrth dQwn to the Minter bridge and boarded the boat there. Joseph ICel�oqg was captain and his brothex, whose name I have forgotten, was engineez. A son, Orrin, was purser, and I think the mate's name was Loftus. Charles Keilog'g served in srnne capacity. A7.1. these were employed on the Cowlitz run i.n the later years on the "3oseph Kellogg". which ran on the Willamette Slouqh route. I was a frequent passenger on the boat and had a few talks with Captain Kellaqg about the old times. He said that if he could have had the Tua,latin river declared a public waterway and a litt�e help in the way of dredging and locks, he could have made it a success, and that as it was he didn't lose money, but could not hold an after the raiiroad was built, The shoal at the �ai.nt where the WiZlamette Meridia.n crosses the Tualatin was his worst abstacle and �hat should have been dredged, but he never could get a government dredge and snaqboat on the river and was not able to bnild one himself. He had 22 the uai^ �uilt and cut t:�e canal in*_o Gucker (not �u�k�r) lake, ��nd a sr�all anc comparativelv inex�.ensicre set of l�cks at �7?•TeQo S.+�ou�c� have dr�ne a�•?ay �:�ith '�:-ie onr�ace �na �e3a�� :�hic?: ce�^rellen �Zim finall,� t� c.ive un *_he fir,a*. T;erefcre, i� seems clear t'. tY!e �,:pper �ea�? of steamboat navir.ation on the ^ain ste!^� of the Tua3atin was EY^eric3�:'s Lar_c'.incr near .°.'•'. �2. ^'ha� site is the soeci�ie�' 2 1/2 mi�es from �'orest �rov� w�,ich the ne�•-s articZ�s sazc? was t:�at city's landinc si.te an� is the hicrhest ,�oint of riv�r s`eam- boat transport menticnec in any source. T?�us, in 1927 ?�'ashi�a�on Countv Sheriff J. E, '_?eeves, a d�scendant of local nioreer s�.eck, clear�y r�mem�:ered i:is c'�ildi�ood impressior.s a� leadinc? grain on boar� one oF the li�*�e =�ressels irom a :•7�,ax£ soutl7 of w!:at is now Corne�i�zs around 1S70, ar.�: ��ster !', 'tnobeYry statec� tha�. small river boa�s use�? ta ascend �i�e Ttzalatir. �i��eY �s f�.r un as *�:e So�or�on rmerick p�ace nea, =:�h�re the �irs� 5choo� stood. Cne of �hese �oats� :�e saic, was nar�ec'. tae ?.enrietta a�*e? t-'er.rietta Sc::alfield I na.s �Tite's qrandr!otner. T';e site cf the warehouse at F'�^.erick's 1',an�?inc *.,�as �:ointe_ cut to t:�e researc^er an �ucrust Z5, 1978 _�y ?=.e�sn�ld ��i�er of 515 �.. E. �ecor;� �r_reet, :'illsboro, ??r. Geiaer's c?zanc�mother still �.ived on t'. �?o�ation 1anG claim ac!jacent to that of Soloman �:r�erick �ahAr, :�e ��-as a!�ov. "'he si�e is �resent- ly unGer t�� ruin ef a concrete �lav -;rocesswnn vat on the nrarer�v of }�e Burch Screen Ccmaa:�tir o� Corn2Zius . i 4 is a r:u.*�^ez o� gards f ror^ tn� "'ualatin, 1T3'� d�SO above ?II O�.'� :".E�::'?C�� d:2G� ��OC`? .."ur52 C� �`:8 ��142Y, 31 "'�'� 51�'° � S 1OC3tlori '�1dS COI1�11'I^.eG' ?�1� [ �2ErT"3t7� ari �'J2^ ol^.2r r2s1.^'.EnG, O' r'p�� Course '�.oad, Carn�lius. �here is a ataes;.ion as tn *..�hQt?�Pr CPP.tPYVl nr, n�;T.. ,^r��, .,�� :., _�,.* � avigated. '"':�e sources r�:t�s far cite� Ye�ar�ir.r r.�vication on �?airv Cree�c ::�o�Id see*� to :�e an�iauo,zs on t: r,o?nt �ahen closelS� scru4inizPd. �t^,er �tater�e c��l?'??'7_.^.Q I1rRV1.C1c�tii?rl �O r`�':S��XVlti2 wZE.' LISi1d�!V �3S°C� O:1 f�I'� �t?Ci. OL �i 2 eX1�tF?nC? c�f d Zd::C7�1'?C. OT' *he ;,�ar�'�ouse. 3 ` "_'?":15 3YC:";�Oi�Q1Cd� AV1"21'!.Ct: 23 EFiq. 12a) does not necessarily �rove navination in the face of T. 5. ',7ilkes' statement. ?7itih reqard to the hridae cited ry :�lilkes: in I�69 �1. �. Hare, then President of t�e Tuaiatin Piver ?�aviaation and "tanufacturin� Comnany, petitioned the county co�rt for the riahti to enlarqe the �ridge across Dazr� Creek west o� Hillsboro. It �•ras orde.red �y the court that: said corporation be and is herehv perr!itter? to Pnlarere said '�rir�qe 60 f�et in �ridth and as far alona said ?�ridcre as �ai.d compa.ny may desire to enlarae the same and that they b� alsa *o cover said hrir�qe with a aaoc7 and substantial shirale rooF. And it is �'�rther ardered that said corporation ?:e pp?-mitte�i to use sai.d portions of the �ri�ae so enlaraed by thei^ for the purr�ose of a�aharf. Provided that sazd comnanv shall at a�l times keen tne nresent nortion of ;ai� �ric�ae noa? use�i far t'�e purnose of travel in coo� repair, nrovic�ec said com�any shal� not i.n�ure saic? bridae or obstruct traffic �.?:ereon.33 - L. W. "'.aobery sta.tes there was no record t�at this chanc�e ir the nri�qe was ever �ade or even started. rs Captain .7ose�h uelZoqa snecifically r^entions a warenouse at Hillsbr�ro senarate fror^: that at F'�?+.eri.ck's L�nc3ina, i^ r_estin�onv �r��i.ch fallows, and specifies that E?il�s?�oro S�Jas a senarate landina from Cornelius or Forest Grove, it ��ou�d seem. tihat rdlrV CrPe;r �as reoulariy navzaated by s�eamboat to a hridge at P'�! 2 b�zt not to Ccn�ervi' le near n'i 8 �7f �dZrv (`�PP1;, "'ti1L5 C?.?T1SOT1� !iOte Frnt*� C'PfItP�^V1�I in ZR�l7 ci14*i7ectc the sar.?e conclusion: "?•le can a�r^ost :�ear the whistle �f the steam.�saat at th� Centerville ?�xidcie promised us in the r.ear future." ?� is also of inter- es� that in 1906 State Senator ��7i11 �chofield c•��s said to �e �reparinr� a �id to �ui3d a shir canal frotn CentPrville to �arnelius *o lpt t!�e �rater of Dairy Creek into the �ualatin. �1s .�1ilkes' reminisc�nce zndicates, th? �Ce?Iocrcis r^ade �-� final P{fort to ir�nrove ��e Tualatin �.ivPr s�rvice Lv CQnStxuCt],on of a canal svste� from the Tualatin throuc�h *ake �`�scuec�o to thP T•'il.lamette. ""he first canal �rom t?�e ':ualatin to the �af;e �as cor�ralete�? ?urira the aut*imn of 1872. 4i�*_ it c'.ic? not r�eet wi�h t?:e success �.;�at '^ac� heQn honed, as a stor�� in the ^ailv 24 Oregonian oF October 22, 1872 recards: OSWEC,Q CANP,L - As yet no st�amer has passed fr�m the Tualatin river to Oswego Lake thro�gh the canal which was co�pleted a few we�ks since. Owing to the present �ow staqe the water is only about two feet deep at the most shallow paints along the course of the canal. An attempt will not he made to pass through with a steamer until tihe fail anc3 winter rains swe�l the body of the river and increase the depth of water sa that �he effort will be attended with neither danger nor difficulty. The company contempiates, however, the early construction of a swing dam and thus in a great measure pbviate the necessity af a rise o� the river. It is thought that a dam a� the open- ing af the canal will cause water enough to be diverted from the river charuiel to f�oat a steamer Chrough with safety. Nothing but a few small boats a� rafts has as yet passed down from the river to the lake. It was not until. January 21, ].873 that Capt. Joseph Kellogg took the Ornaard through the canal with a cargn of 2,OQ0 bushels of wheat 36 In his testimony before the Circuit Court a� the State of Oregon for the County of C].ackamas in the case of J. R. Shaw v. The Oswego Zron Co - n�, Orin Kellogq recailed the iast trips which his steamers made on the canal and on the Tualati� River: My name is Orin D. Kellogg; my age, thirty-two years; my residence, Portlan�, Oragon; and my occupation, steamboating. i have been engaged in steambaating altogetizer eight or nine yeaz�s - probably more. I: Dzd you ever navigate TuaZatin river ....? Orin Kellogg: I was master of the ''Onwarc3" while she xari there the last two seasons. Prior to that I was there on anottier steam- boat called the "bld Yamhill" - she was on before the "Onward" was built. I was engineer on the "Old Yamhill" - Z can't teli yau the exact time. I ttrink I went on the "Onward" some time in 1.87Q. Tkse "Onward" ran there during high water, the same as on the Willamet�e. I wa,s on her in the seasons of 1871 and 1872 and the spring of 1873. I thiak she made regu2ar trips, as regular as on any stream where you depend on high water. Probably some of the tim� she was detained by drifts. The fa.x�st season we ran frrnn �atzat is calZed "Colfax"; a point on the river from where the canal opens from the lake into the river, to HiZZsbaro and to Emerick's Landing, by tkse ziver probabZy forty miles to �merick's. That is a point near Hiilsboro where there was a warehouse. I: Did you ever navig�te the steamer "Onward" ... through the canal ...? 2� Orin Kellogg: Yes, sir: I can't tell when it went through, but right after the cana� was completed we made a trial trip through there ..... If r re�ember right that was in the fall of 1872 - I know that we went throngh and found about five fee� of water irt the cana� - then, if I remember right , we went from there to Hillsboro, and commenced running from that time oa, and we took a great deal of grain through that fa11 and in the spring; I remesnber particulaxly one load we taak off near a thousand sacks ,.... We ran through the canaZ to the loc k arid transparted aur freight across the lock - that spring, 1873, was the last season we xan - then the company failed, shortly after thaC; a� any rate we stopped as soon as the water got low. The company's iiabiliti.es came on them then. I: Please state tl�e chaxacter of the Tua�atin river in regard to its navigability, either by steamboats or other watez� craft? �rin Ke�logq: A portion of the way i� a.s quite deep. It is a narrow, crooked stream, rather deep with the exception of a few bars. I suppose it is a iittle iarger stream than the Yamhill, a littl.e wider and can 7�e navigated further. The Onward was probably from one huridred and seventy-five to one hundred and eighty tons government register. She wauld carry prabably some- thing near one hundxed tpns weiqht. A larger vessel than the Onward could have been used as far as Hillsboro with ease. The Tualatin is larqe� in size, but with shoxter turns than the Yamhill and more sul�ject to drifts. It is a sluggzsh - not much current - and qf coursa drifts lodge easiiy. During the sa�ne court session Joseph Kellogg reviEwed his expezience with the navigation of the Tua�atin: My name is Joseph Ka�lagg; my age is sixty-nine years; my occupa- tion is stea�nbaating; I have been pi3.otinc7 and steamboating since i849; I reside in Port3.and. I: What was your occupation in the years 1873 and 1874, and where were you at that time ? Joseph Kelloqg: I was a s�eamboat r�an at that ti�. I was an �ffirer - Vice-pr��den� a�d Superintendent - of the Tualatin River i3avigation and Manufacturing Company - I think it was abaut 1873. I: Were yau ever on the Tualatin river, and if so, upon what portion of i.t, and haw often? 3oseph Kel�ogg: Yes; from the mouth �a Forest Grove; � have made several trips vn the steamhoat Onward, from the canal ta within siqht of �'orest Grove. The Ornaard was a stern wheel boat - we � have had a hundred tans of freight on her - I think her tonnage was about 1$0 or 200 tons - I wi�l not be certain about that. I examined the river as one af a committee with Capt. Pease, for the company, and prqnouriced it plenty of water for steam�oat, and navigabZe most of the year. I: Is the Tualatin river a stream riaviqable for steamboats, ar�d if so,for how far is it navigable and during what seasons of t�te year? Joseph K�llagg: We�l, it varies in the time of year; €r�a the fall after the rains set in, till 3une, the same as the willamette; It is o3�structed at the mouth ..... I: Please state, Captain, how �arqe a section of country would be a�coaanodated by that cana3., and wl�at, approximately, wouid pass through it in freight and passengers? Joseph Kel�.ogg: We suQgosed it was about forty miles long - our estimate was that length. We drained the county - Farest Grave. Hil].sboro and down. The river is away fram the railroad EXCEpt at Hillsboro and F'orest Grove and this canal made that sectian accessib�e to market. We carried grain and praduce of the faxmers in such quantiitias Lhat we bui�t a warehouse 35x80 feet ta hold t.he grain at Hillsbora, and at Forest Grove we had a rrarehouse 30x60 feet. Our boat carried fu13. iaads mast of the time; the same as any other river. J'ames D. Mi].I.er, who had helged to open the TuaZatin for steam naviga- tion wrote the e�iGaph of this phase of navigation on the river: C. P. Church and J. D. Mi21er bought the steau�er Onward March 29, 1874, then iying ia the 'i'ualatin River four miZes above Moore's mi21 dam, for the run to Cascades, but she had not power enough. I�ook her dowsi the Tzaalati.n to ti�e dam, then down the old mill race, as�d put in a coffer dam in the oId mi1Z pit. The mill had been moved to the fails at Or�gan City. I soon got the Oaward below the da� in the river again and ran down to the farm of Joseph A. Fields, as I did with tiie Hoosier and dragped her in�to the Willasnette. I repaired her at oregon City and then ran her from Portland to Freegort. on the Cowlitz River. Despite the evidence iC had heaxd from the Kelloggs, the Sexpreme Court in the above case of Shaw v. Oswego Eron Co. characterized the TuaZatin in �he follvwing pa�agzaph and then deliverec3 its decision: 27 We know that the linas of tiie United States survey have not meandered the Z�alatin as in the case of the Willamette river, of which zt is a tri}sutary, but that the Tualatin river has been sectior�ized by the government surv�yors as tlzough it had no existence; that it has been so�d by the government as land, without any reservation or deductian of the bed of the stream, the whole being cmnputed as land and sold as so many acres. We knaw fmm such geographies and histories of ttse state as we have exa�ained, that the Tualatin is not meationed among the pubiic navigable waters of this state; that about a mile alaave its mouth there is descra.bed a series of rapids over which the water fa11s from thirty to forty feet, in a distance of a quarter of a mile; tha� above the rapids it is generally a narrow and tortuous stream with spaces af slack or sluggish water of sufficient depth £or small boats, and in other places shallow, with rocks protruding except duriag seasons of high watear, and that i�� is not at its ordiaary stage af water ca�able af sustaining much, if any, valuable floatage, but that it is subject to periodical fluctuatians, when the volume and height of its waters are greatly increased, recurzing with the regularity of our wet seasons, and lastinc} for several months, anc3 , during which periods of high wa�er, iti is susceptiUle of being used for rafting logs ta market; and this is not at variance with the general imgart of the evidence. Daes such a floatage place the Tualatir� upon a foating with public navigable svafi.ers, sa as to confine the riparian awaership ta the margin of the river? In Wise v. Smith 3 Or., 446, this identical stream was recognized as subject ta the public easement for rafting log's to markeC, and the reasoning of the Maine authorities was quoted and app�roved. To the same effect is �`elger v. Rob�.nson, 3 Or., 458, in which it is held that any stream i.n tha.s state on the wa�ers of which logs or timbers can be floated to market, that they are pubiic highways for that puxpose tha� it is naC necessary that they be navigable the whole year for that pvrpose to constitute them such. It is sufficient if they can be used for floating ti.�bex during the seasons of high wa�.er. 'i`here is not a suggestion that �e bed of such streams is awned by th� s�ate, on �he contrary, the doctrine of the iaw, as agplied in these cases, and the author- ities cited and approvec�, recognize the right of the ri�arian owner to t.I�� middle of �he stream, subject only to the public servitude. This decision did not put finis to actual navigation of the T�alatin. River. W. Younq, Captain of Engineers made a preZiminary examination of the Tualatin f.n the auttunn of I888 fo� the U.S. Engineer's Office. His report showed the deterioration of the channel for navigation which had taken place since the KeiZogqs �eft the river in 1873: ZB The riv�r was navigatec� some years ago but not profitably. A steamer plied on the river, gaing up to within a short distance of Hi13.sbaroug� and down to within S or 6 miles of the mouth, bringing do�ws: wood, lumber, and general. farm products. A portage over to Osweqo was ogerated in connec�ion with the boat. To shortan the portage, a canal without locks was dug from the Tualatin to Oswego Lake, sa as {to) permit the boat to pass from the river to the iake. The ente�pra.se was not successFul, and the boat was soon withdrawn. Thzs was in 1880. Since then the river has become choked up, as noted above (Young counted 23 jams or drifts in t�tse riv�r, varying in �ength from a few rods to a q�sarter of a mile) ..... mhe products o£ the va.�ley now seeking shipment by river consist af wood, saw-logs, lumber, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, dairy pxoducts, fruit, beef, wool, aad garden truck. It is claimed that logs can be r�n for 20 miles or more above Hillsborflugh at times of freshets, and that u um4�ring wil2 form an imparrant industry if the river is opened Elsewhere in this report, Young stated that: The parties perhaps most interested in the improvement of the river are the Oswego SteeZ and Iron ComQany. They have large bodies of timberI.and along the valley, fran which it is a�ected their supply of wood for charcoal wil�I come. If the river were improved the wooa could be sent by river ar�d rail to t.he c3�ar- coal pits at Oswega at much less expense than by ... wagons. 'rhe company's articles of incorporation of 1882 had in Fact explicitly included operatian of ri.ver steamships. The Oregonian later reported on September i, 1888 that wi�h regard to navigation of the Tualatin: a new company has taken the matter in hand and proposes opaning the river of drifts and other obstructions, and navigating it far a distance ot abont fif�y miles. Already, the newspaper stated, faXt�ters living along the TuaZatin were enabled to ship their fruits and vegetabies to market thmugh the Oswego �ron Company's canal to Sucker lake. Ths new campany referred to by t.he oregonian was the Oreqan Iron and Steel Campany, Prasident Si�er�rt G. Reed. Reed had reported to the company's stockholders �n May 3I, 1888 that the canpany's dam on the Tualatin was nearly completed aad that they had succeeded in gurchasing a water raght on the Tualatin River from Peter A. weiss tar 58,000.`�� 29 In Krause v. Oreqon Iron and Steel Co�pany, a case dealing with the company's dam across the Tvala�in built a�n 1888, there was consider- able info�mation given in the Clackamas County Circuit Court testimony about the surface use af the Tua].atin between 1884 and I898 when the case was first heard. The dam had been b�i1t of 12x12 and 12x4 timbers flaated down the Tualatin. The dam's purpose was to control the river for lpg drivzng and to allow navigation.� By 1889 a sma11 steam- boat ran on �he river above the town of �aiatin a� �.eas� as far as l�c3c Creek to ts�ar logs to the Osweqo Canal. This boat was distinguished by the witness frc� thase which hac3 operated on tI�e rivex earlier in the century. A saw�nill operator in the town of Tualati.n, 3. L. Smith, stated that in 1892 h� had cleared a solid drift 3/4 of a mi.1e in length which was anchored in the bed cf the river and had been in existersce for I2 or 14 years. This drift was located five miles below Scholls Bridge (RM 21). He had a2so cleared another drift c�osex ta the Scha2].s Bridge, but by 1889 it had re-estahlished itse�f. 5mith said his miil received its logs by f�oatation dawn rhe 7'ualatin 3urinq i898 but that earlier in that decade he had towed iogs up the river to his �tili as we1Z= He also used a scow of 12-foot �eam drawa,ng 14 in�hes d�ra.ng 1897 to take tnachinezy upriver off of a hoat to his sa+ami.11, 50 It is not suxprising, therefore, that when Maj. J. C. Post surveyed the Tualatin for the Corps of Engineers again in Z894, he found the channel fro�e Hillsboro to the Oswego Iron Company's dam clear and: three small steamers, the Iargest beiag 60 feet long and Z4 fEEt wide, with a draft of 2 feet, are aperated by the stee� company and �sed for towing lags, carrying freight, etc. 3n higher stages of water and when the river has been cleared af log jams the steamers��iave extended their trips to Cornelius, $ miles above Hillsboro. 30 It is o� ir.terest �rat in carryar.� nut �is irsCruc*ions to s��rvey t�� iver to its ��ead a£ �avication, Post selected ��ston at P`=`. �5 �s t�at z�aint. ve*_ :��e concludea his re��ort, ap_r.arently witn nrir.c reFer er.ce to the s:�ort area fror� the �s=.aec?o �,�on anc? �teel Com:^any dam ta the :�cuth of the river, "^n acco�3rst of t�e larae expenditure reau�.r�d to i^^.�zova t' river, and the relativelv sr�all amount c�f ccr�r�erce *a :��e �enefite:?, I do not ?ee*� this river *��rth�� oF ir�nrovement ;^y �:^e � GenGral Governrmer.t."�` At the time of tne encineer`s r?r:ort, the �sF,�eao Tron ann �teel �ompany ceased stee� -+roduction, so �`�at its r:eed for charccal supp].i.es orou�d �ave er_ded at ahnut t'�as t�.t^e. �noCzeY deve�onr:�enta� flurrv occurred i�s 1�97. ^urina ''arc? ^. �. rr�.erick cleared the "ualatin �rom Cornelius �?own *n 5chc11s F.rir?rse and re�estec?. t:�e county com.*�issioners ti� nGy �25� fox t'�e ich. Far�ers �+�anted a staa�boat on t�e "_'u�Iat.in. T_n �3ove�^rer it s•ras renortec? ci�� ''r. ;!iner t.��.s t:in?�ing of �%uttinq a sr^all river stear+er on the '^u�l�ti:: r�t:aean Ccrnelii�s and the Iron anc�. �teel Cotr..r.a.nLL� dasr:. It wou?d �e a �lat-�ottomed �oat �rawina but t:aelve inches, a�le to operate y�ar rounC, ar:d ��ould �;e of crreat sarvice to far^rers on the south bank of. �.he river, !:irer`s interest was prohably depenc?ent on t:�e outcor�e of `IPt anotaer �r.ainePrs suxvev made c:urina the vear. `�,. L. xisk reoor'teC t�at small ta�+�ir_a stear�ers in 1897 �r�nre '�.�ndlina 'aas on the loweY rnYt�.o.^. of t.:� riv?r ��ere slack-��dter nav.ir.afiicr. ��=as af`o�r_".er'. '.:•t� tne c�am or_ the river's lo;•ier sectzon. Fisk hac� also ?�eaun , survev fxor- �aston, an. of even TMore ir.terest, •1=es:t 13 rile5 un P��'�l "'Or�! Th� Zatter �e descrabe � as 4� ~eet �•�ide *.•��ere it - ioine� the '^ualatin anu 12 *eet t�r�ae at �'_*' 13; r�� banks i•aere frcr� 15 *n 25 f�et �iR'.: ±hr:�uc'.:ou* and 31 the `aI1 a}aout 5Q feet in a11 ar 4 feer ner mile. �isk concluded t�at t'.ie river as a��*:�ole c•,as not c;�nrt?�� of the expense ef i*�nrover�ent � of �he prox.ir�ity of the railroac' anr3 the nur;�er of roads in r_hG are�, 5E A las� e��ort to exoloit tne river for ste�m nav�qation �:�as rrojecter� ir. 1906 �� cott Bros. of Vancouver, 5•7as��inaton who �ronose� to run a 16-ton, flat-aotton r3ver hoat on the Tualatin to nly ?�erwleen Far.?iincrton and `FUalatin, ?�ut it is doubt�ul if the �e.rvice ever commencec? . '�hp Iiilisboro Araus again aff irmed the naviaabilitv of the r_iver; " if the snags are removed aetween F'arTM:ir.cston and F?illsboro, therP zs no re:�son �7hy the steamer should not corne tc uillsboro, or aet even �urther un stream; there is nlenty of ��.*ater at aJ.l *ir�es of the year �or suc� � boat, and i` it can p1y the river successfully, it �lill ra a qreat convenience to far�?ers and dairyr.�en. �� ?�o notice of th� fate of t:.e three steamers usec? to hasl loas ar.r' frezcnt in th� I89Q`s �as �een found, al�:�ot;cr�, the staff oF the i?asi:iraton County '".useum have been in�ormed that t?�e Y�ulk o£ a s�ea*�.roat stz1.I rests in Lhe Tualatin near �'�e nst�eQO canal, pE rha❑� t�±� nna �rns� �.;�,; �r Smith saivaqed r.!achiner�,� in �897. 32 �oc n�zvzx� As indicate� in tne accounts of the last �eriod of steamboat naviQation on the Tualatin River, interest had increasinaly turned to the transport ubon it of �h� output trom rich timber stands in the ^_''ualatin basin. Output for the county was esti�ated by the rIews of Forest Grove in 19�3 to be 2G mil�ion fee� r3istributec? among the foilocaing mills :�� ''`,�LL uare , :?i l Isboro Johnson, Hiilsboro F:ergat, Cornelius T^'est Chehalem _r�launtain Mills I'our �lills �TOrth of Corne3.a.us Glenwood and �tountaindale P7ills Gales Creek Patton & Holscher �iiley �UTPUT Itd BOARD F'EET 2,no0.000 z,noo,�oo 1 , 000, Q0�? 2, 5�O,t�00 4,�'700,400 3 . C30Q . 000 3.500.000 3.��?�,��7 SOO,Q00 The 3umber industry had achieved importance enouah in L�?ashinaton County at *_he turn of the century for its J.eaders to �arm. a�:anufactur�rs assaci�tion. �;ithin the estal�].ished navigation run on the Tua3atir, loas had been transported on its surface as early as 1865 when �ohn Trullinaer toak them out an� carriec', them t�n a small rail Iine to his sac�mRi11 on *,ake Osaeao.�' mhe 188� Census reported that �eorge Broughton of �reqon City Drecinct, ?�larshall Shearer of �'nrne3ius, ana 5mitn Lros, and F�ater�an all obtaired locss for their mills �rom the Tualatin River. The usage was given leaal. sanction in I•'eise v. Smith {3��r 445). '^he Clackamas County Circuit Court in its �"arch ISh7 terr.� heard the fal3owing evidence about log drives on the lpwer Tualatin: the Tualatin river was necessarilv usec3 €or runnira out saw loqs and tirnher ... and that the 3ocrs could not be sent �3own �he Tuaiatin in rafts, �ut were zoiled in, and reached the boom (wr�ith's boom at thp nout!z of *_he Tualatin] at all ��.mes ef niqht anc3 day." "'he Qreqon Suprerte �'ount det�rlttined in this case that - although For a spaca of two or t?�ree r^.iles above wherP *he boom �aas p1.ac�d, t�P river is not othnrwise navi.c?a}�le, ��et saw IpQS �� can be conveniently and nrofita�ly floated t�e whol� distance from the highest point of naviaation, dawn the '�ualatin river inta the 4��illamette river." A shnrt stretch of the river be�ween the mou�h of *'cFee Creek and Scholis Ferrv was used to transport consid�rab].e amounts o£ timber �or the Groner Rowel�. Co. af�er 1903, Savage & Course lourgers also put severaZ thousand feet per day into the river near tY�e same paint fror.t their or�eration at ?�!ountainside �?uring 1�?�Jh.�'� The Tualatin t•4iilina Company had a�.og boom at Tualatin in 1994, and there ,is natice of them putting loqs in the rivez near �iver '�Iile 14 in 19�32. Photo- graghac evidence alsa sho4�s loas being dumped inCO the '�ualatin at a point south of Hillsboro, orohably on the present lands of the Meri.W�ether Go7.f Co�rse, �or flatation downstream (Fia. 8). One of the largest dr�vers of the iourer riv�r was the Charles ��auldinq Campany which rega,stered its Zax brand (Circle S) with the 4�?ashinqton County Clar�C in 1900 and in �Iovember of that year ware re�aorted to be Quttina ��hite fir loas into the Tualatin and its tributaries. in 3pcember �.?�}J, thev comaJ.eted a c3zive a£ one mil�ian feet of white fir for the Oreqon City paner mill. The next month Paci�ic Coast vroad & Iron reported, "the urood camps on the �'ualatin River, Clackamas County are cut�ina 4t7� cords dailv, of which 200 cords goes to the Oreqan City paper mills.""� In �'ebruary 1901, ��uldincr nr c com.pany �rivina yellow fir sawloqs destroyed the A�Iin Sons' flour r�i�l dam at �i.11ey (R�t 60) - an accident welcnsned Ly th� local farmers as much as b�� the �og �lrivers 3v r,ai an flnnriine� in t};o �raa F� ��ause t�,P c3�m. ha� regulax_� �__d . Principai interest in this section, however, is not zn the r�aches wh�eh had �arnc steamboat traffic, but in the �eadtaaters ahov� the area of vessel navigation. It is zn those streains *.anich t�e �zeQOnian characterizec? in �e�±tem2�er i888 as 3� �� r�r��f.,�� y�� , R .;�A k _ �_ :w ' a ��,�. -� .� w.e�' • "('�! � ..�J e;� 1 4` .- �.�.� S�'r`- � °''4,,_ c . `� =��: • �� C�' f � �� j � �. � �'� � �:��, � �� tW %7�, �c� y ,�.�� . 'f `3 - '1�'�� ' b°Y �ir � I � �!� �� '*r� �; .i� ��. � . 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' �t�y _ �.� 4 •„A " � -z.� . � �� !.r. � .'t _ s � °� � �_�" '� `� , �,.�Y" ` ,_ ~p � � .�' �� ., ,� � �!r -�� A : ��x � � r f j� l'� ! -s� � np' �, �". � � .� , c , °C �`^'!✓ S � ... xLi t l T f ` , � �� "`a � �Sn � __S � � — � ..��.�� 7.' +, �a�� A � �,SwwC � �' �J� • � � � } � � ' �: � �, _�' r t `' . kf„ . /� � * � � ."-�. � .; � - � , . , ,�� x �,. - �Y� n� �'� 3' !` �. 4 ��. £' _ � fF�'� ��'�_�..F �:.'Y" �''S�Ik�"� • r� �„�+, :'�i'SG . ea � .� . � �.• • �� ._,�� '�,d� �� , � ° -., i � - '��. � �' _ ��„��', ; � x t -c -�'':�: t �� -- Y�.M`� j ...��r ,_ Jc+ wi�� ,.4�.. . . , � 0 "numerous and af creat value to Lhe tim��erman in '�rivin�' lacrs."�� rvidence for actual use of these upper �Jaters of the basin F�ill �e treated under each o£ the streams which sustaine� log transport: Dairy Creek, rales Cre�k, Scoggin Cr�ek and the �ain stem above Carne��us. �airv Creek During the neriod of pioneer settiement, the primary £unction af sawmills in the �ualatin valley was to provide buildinq material far the local settlers, For this reason the most nusne�ous references ta �arly sakm�i�ls are assoczated s3ith Dairy Creek whose branches, especiaily t-ScKay Creek, drained the lo�= slopes of t3 Tualatin �?ountains to the r_orth and w�re close ta t�e hest aranle Iands . Zn 1840 Sasr. Coater (Kueder) built a sawmi�l or� a creek tri��tary to tdest ?�air�� Creek a�uarter mile south of *Rannincr {R*1 15?; rer�nants of it wer� still visihle in 1959. ,•?il3iam Jolly had a �awmill on ��e�{ay Creek on hi.s 185� Zand claim at Tolly Bridqe cn the Glencoe p.oad {Rt�! 3.5).�� a�rinq that decade and the next, the Emery sawmi�l +f�as operatinq on the �uick Ho�^estead on Dairy Creek`s East Fork (R�? I�) . 72 Fn 1878 land survey shows a sawmill on the '.•?ren ')onation Land C�aim at appraxima�el_y piver �'ile ? af Dair_y Cree}c.� ?`. tragic acci.dent occuz'zed at one of these pioneer sak�mil�s durin� �85�. Columhus �:ilkes and a��e1Qer named �FUff were sleapinq in tne John B. ,3ackson qristmii3 which taas loeated just Y�e1�T Jac�:son's �uarry and sawmill on t?ackson Creek (!Z�'� I1, '!cKay Creek} . The creek �aas swollen from heavy rainfall �nd the sawr^,ili p�nd was full of Iogs. Its dam burst, the �oas destroye�? the cris't r^ili belcw and t�e cras!zina waters c,rc�umed its unfortunate occunants.� Y�'hether logs were r;riven to any of these early mills is not vnov�n ; those *.+Tnich were an tributaries af tri�utaries :?oubtless onlv user3 the stre�ms �or �awer and 37 starage. Eut the journal of �amPS ticKay �ecords trat he �rove Iogs For a few m��es a}�ove �is sawr.ill durinq ane or two ��.ays per year in the early 1880`s.� mhe Charles �'cKay �onation Land Ci�im was at ?.iver "•?i�e 3� of the stream bearina nis name. Lurina the s�me �ecade a�rive *ook rLace from Aiver '".ile 7 of Dairv Creek destzned to proceed �awn the Tua�atin to market in Portland. '1r. Carl Lono of L:ong's lane north of Cornelius, age� 83, sLated that when his narents <<Eove� to the area in 1887, the Iaa �ump for this �rive nad �ast taken Dlace on the north part of their Ea�ily's pro�erty.�� further apparent notice of driv- ing on bairy Creek came from �auntaindale (RM 7, East Fork? in `�ay 1895 when Ceorge mooley was reported to ba "aqain £ol3owinq loqs to the �.ill."�� ^he larqest drives on Dairy Creek =.Vere mounted by °�illiam H. Lyda who had for �any vears driven Gales Creek. Tn 19�1 �is mill on the latter stream was hurned aut and he Ieasec? the L�. F. Ho�.len�eck mill at ""ountaind�le. Ev the au�urnn of 19�3 ne �ad his o�an r:ti�.l about ttao miles svuth e� r.reenville at Bellinuer P,ridge (P�� 4). burinq t�hat year t�e ;�'ashinqtnn raunty Comr�issioners allowed the clear- ❑ ing of stumps and logs yrom Dairy Creek by e�:plosives. " Lyda contracted �vith �enton L'a.Ilin in Tuly 29�3 to cut pxclusivelv for this Partland timber owner r��ho in turn aa,reec� to nrovide Ly�a taith at least 7,5�O,r�O!3 �eet of fir and cedar sawiogs ner year. Killin's land ran north and west fror� the m.outh of Canyon Creek whic'rs enters the 4�?est �'ork 1�elow= Eznks at ?iver. "'ile 8.7. KilZin was ta c3�ear �airy Creek from his �an�?s ta 't?�e ?yda '�ili and �e�i-rer loqs of suc� lengtn as Lyda desired, crovic�ec� thev coui� ne run �n �air�� Creek and were at least 1(l inches in diameter on the sma�l end for �ir and 15 inc:�es 80 for cedar. This contract was probably based on an eaYliPr assaciation ?�ecause in �'ebruarv 1�� Lyda was sid to have his '"hatc�er sawr.il3 runninq nicaly ��rhi3.e t�e follaw.ina 3� month Killin was repor�ed breakina up a larae �am pf lo�s in �air•� Creek.� �n Septer�er 2, I903 Killin cantracted with Fr�k T. �ane and �. J. H�hbert to log his tim�er and drive it to Lyda's miil. �i��in ��as t� a�vance the Ioggers $5,0�0 which ha in turn had obtained fram Lyda. mhe mimberman reported t�at Hane and Fiu3�bert Loqging Co��anv of �or�st �rove were cutting on �airy Creek in ??ovember and wpuld drive the logs seven �iles to I,yda's mill. TheiY ca�p was sti31 operatina in mi�-�]arch 19��. T�e �rive was nat a success, �o�aever, because durinq th� fpllCxaina �une nic�ard �uick and athers placed m�chanics �iens on Z�illion Eeet of unmarked sawloqs that had b�en �rzven six �iles from the F. T. Kane Logqinq camp on the land of �enton �il�in to the Lvda millpond an Dairy Creek. Killin stat�d that only three �illion feeG had been cut �y the lo�gers and of that amount, 1,25�,O�Q feet were not driven on Lhe creeK. Kane an� Hubhert caent out of nusiness.� In �cto�er 1904 �^'. N. Lyda was saic to �e "clearinq out �airy Cree� prenaring to start a run of a million feet of �ogs that they have up the cr�ek read_y to start down with the first rains. They have about ?iaht mi3es to move them" to the rili {�iq. 9b}, Sy the last week i� �Yovem.bez �aork was bequn in upaer �airy Creek on some of the logs left huna up in the sprinR. At ye�r's end, "ri. �i. Lyda bra�ght down tne creek retween F0�},f3(�0 and 700 feet o€ Zoqs.... � bet'ter crade of loqs wi�3 come in the next run wnicn he �rTi.11 make bet��een now and the first of February."� At this noint t:�e t•?ashinaton !'ounty Circuit Court a�nointed a receiver to get Killin's logs to t?�e T,yda m�17, #�?r�w r,_an;� l�r� G��ra an.�e to be delivered to this mill before it burned to Ghe aroun� in Apri� 1905 is not knawn,B� ;-�s far atner drives on Dairy Cre�k in this century, 514 saw3.o�s �,�ere `�oated down 3 �? j � n � e� ¢y Y �.�,HaK �� ,� R ��*+ � � �ru . wF ��, N .t .:� "„�,�, h . ' � Fr� �/ r dd r y yl^ r '� �� ^M'� ��. � � ,e!, 7/ . ' �Y., ,�4"' �� 'f f� .`�� w y ,�' � ri e '� �L ,°�' q i�r a� � g i. ,6� C, }� ' }� - M � , ' 4 . V�C" '�y ,� _ ,.,. � � � 4 4�^ �� * - �. . ,�'� "� �''�� ` � ,. � v �.� , , . � •. �� ,, �n r � •,5 . ��,: � � , � � "' � ��.� °' "`�� ''�"':�°;�. � � 1 � F ; � �� p , � � y►.! . ."� "� � " � � Y 1 +R ' r '"'rw' i''�� r' 1 A` , e * �'�� n �.� "�,w,t. .�d �,.�b`� �a;'��,s � >4 � � . ,�"p "i s "" hJ '� �, F y ,. y �: . .e'�'a°��'�, y � �" �:�' t ° � � '7�i �'�a�' �� : �'"� "�`�N� µ - �,,;� �* °, - '�4 '.. 'e: �� 0 � �� , �� ` Y�� ; � r S � 1' �� 'r 9c jV "�: b �� IF ",�� a, r �'"S�� i �'Q;� . R'"�'�d4 hb �}�x � � '} 4� qF� �" "W "�,*`` . "�`�, 1�'� ■ ,. ..� fi � �� "� M�� '° t� Iw � e ��a si F.� i • . �`iP��.Y!�.�.r �a;.�� .v . � �5is dA n �� y��y IA'� T ,f Fig. 9a. West Fork nf Dairy Creek abcrve ��anning, R1�4 15.5. A�ril 4� 1980. Fig. 9h. U.est F�rk af I7airy Cre�k at Banks, RM 10. April 4, 39�30. ,,..._ �, �� * � �; ��`i "i ��;� � „? ; 4.. ;� `,� .�' a � 5� : a � :� '� " '� + ` � ^yy p �„ .i �rC', t�, � `" � � �h�' �"° �� : �� -+� ' �4 :� ° �h '� , � ��,�� ' � '' '� �� ..�� ` �� W� 91 ��s�{, J� ,.. � :7 ..,R � .- �. .� e� --� . .a:_ � ""��„d6�, . a r ��., 4; ��"�"",�.'-.-' .".� . .. ��Y� �� -.�� .. . � . ...:�^'' � . .. e ,. ,. .. ... --�T`.` -. ,� .,_ - _.,... ',..+gti�`�`:" '�,.i �s,�p"� /�,�"" _ . . -, _ ...�+".;� —" ,. - _ : _. ... ...- y....i,� ....._. ,._,� .� . . __ _, � ' . . ... . . �` . ` � �. -, � �'. r ... � , :� ...,..-� `e � , �a � '; `:�'" y � _ , .,� • +� ,,.�= -' � 4 ve �� ,�''1. � —. '`. ' '+r� �.„ r � ... -'�,'- �: �' r '� " � ^�`� ° � �� 4 � ,�� . _� � d . � r - � , w'� �' Y� �, ,ti �. �.�'_ _. . . . L . _ ,.� �.��SMa wre . . _.._....��m,_ ��.�v �� the �test riork of �airy Creek �y F. Breske to tihe Carstens & Hartl�y sawr.�.ill near :"-".anning in :lover�.ber and L�ecer+rer_ �.9�6 (Fia 9a3 . 85 �1m?�;ers Tharn}�urqh report�� in 1926 Chat he had Earlier owned t'�is r^iI3 with '"artin '"_annina �nd the loas v;ere f loated docars thP cree�C to the mill. '?'hornburR� sold his interest to Jo��n Carstens. Comn�ra�le to the �rob�.ee±atic character of steam.]^oat navaaation af Dairy Creek at Centerville is the Questian of loQ flatation to i*s SaGmill. ?'he si�e af this structure is on the nroperty of G;arren F'_u�er who wa.s 92 years of aqe �r�her he s�owed the rer�ains (Fic. 10) to thc rescarcher on P.ugust 17, 13'78. �'e szys that it is barely chanqed in appearance since he movec� to t!�e nrhnert}� in 1913.�� Its oneration wouid hav� to �Savp ceased severa3 years refore that date, and iLs intact preservatian �ndicates that Ior. drives ra�� that �oint v�ould he very unlik�ly after that �ate. r^r. 2?uber did not '.�:now hnw loas car�.e to tne mill. The HiZls.'~,oro Araus noted tnat �he Cc�ntervi�ie sawmill was zunninq �u�� tir+e .in �ecember I895 anci February 189�. In Fek�ruary 1897 C. '�', ?'rerr�ens h�d a sawn?ill at Centerville anci t�ere was a*torgan sa4.�tni11 at Certervi.l�e in 1906.�� r,fi��n� these ,•�ere the same as thE one whos� structuxP sti11 eXiSts in the river eannot �e verified and the newspapers c�o not say }!ow t�e r�ill ar mill� coti ��eir loas. ;:'he:� the �r:ard Lsit�ber Company, Clarence "iiller, t:�e E3ills�oro Lur!ti�er Com.pa.ny and t?�e Buxtan Lum�er Cotnpany flacked to Iocations on unper Dai.ry �reek in 19!?h, it was nat to use the nrecaricus canacity of t!�Q stream for laa drivina. �ather at vras to he near the lzne of the NehaJ.em and Tillamook Railroad ��hich would be nn for some lears the key to �uture locxginq or�erations in :?as'::ir.cton County. �he water5 of the Dairy Creek ��atershed were use�? to transport locrs in the last -�a1f a� the nineteent� centur•� and first decac"te of thc twentiet'�. �n '��?�av 4? -��. � . ,r ,�Iw r � , !'�, ��ti�� J�'.� � 1�`��,�^,d� � ��6 � " � .� ,�, � �, ^�. R +s �' " �� _ �� ` ��v�r, „� �� '�'�-+�+ ",�' �� w p � ' ' � � , '�� _ `.' "�� y � i 5 ��,�, � : �� '""�` �" p� � � � � .'�� -� rr'p ..` � •• ' �� r ,� ,° ¢ y � � , ` � �� - �1i,"��'Ml� L ,w �n, � ,�+. � �'�* , s" � ,^�,� �� r 4 �� m i �` ,� '�" � .� � , �'�;a,,r y r� �' w � � �`*'`� � '� P �� iN�^�wr �� a r��-� ,. �� x. � ' �� sr y+�*'.�k ,� � .. {�I��M�,^ �°��° '�9 � - �, � �° . 'a., ' �.� �,�p�' .�� 'p " a. ` a ,.`+u e . � . �.• � 1�' ,. . � , , . x �� y °r � �� ' .�, ' �w. , � , , �� ' � � � .�w �., � �� " � � � �a � � �.� �� . � �� , ��; �;,., �� ,w�,,�,ww�„�� . . � '� °'� �� ,,� ;. � � � � � .� � f,� m � '� �� R�� . .. �� ' � . . 4� d . �� , � �� '; '�� ...lY�°, � . , . � w �.. � �. , . t � — �� -. � y��'i � � � � � � ; �� "'�"�"�'"` , a�� S�� + � � �!h � �?� �, �"'" �� / � ,�� ,�a° �� . ,, - � a F �" . , � , „ . ' :1 .� _ � _ • � � .•�� - � � � � � � q • � ._ • �+�� . �� .� ��! ' .. . � . �,. .. ��, � fi'+� �� .,� n „ . '�. .. ��M . 'r" . _ ,: - r .. . �� j � � y a. 0. � ; ,.� � � . ,� R ` 4„ ` � k � r � � �,�„� �, � '��ir, � � �' � ;�x.�� • , �� @ t ,., � � r a' � ` �� ' i � �� .. A' �� °� .�,1�� .^5N' •.1 L�1... �-� � � ��*�'�. . � ' ,.F. � w� .. � �� '" -,� � � � '"."'ti�� 1�'on. �-5 ... �� ' . �� . � ��.�m: . �. � . . ..;� a.:. r � r.: � , • .q,. .,. � . �,. .. ,..... k �` � � � � ,� , 4�� '.� �� . r ., � . :.. � �£� ... � ! .' �� 1.": � .. �-s � � ' { �'♦� ,�� 4a ��Y!.. �. ( n , � � �^ �"i#r� MG� � � F�GIJfiE Ip, Remains pf Com�bin�€�Rprs Grist and SSiW �VI41I qn Doiry Creek rsear Centerville �2 Creek this use was apparently auit� limzted, �ut on tne West �or� and main stem drivinq occurred by several parties thraughout the period and sa�eti�es an a larae scale. Therefore thP 5tate '�as a c�aim to Dairv ^reek on the �asis of this cor�merciai use from 1?isr�r F�i�e 17 0� the ''est Fork ta �he �outh of �airy Creek on the 'Cualatin. �ales Creek This is the laraest tributary of the ?'ualatzn, and at their poirt of confluPnce .las a larqer flow than the r�ain stem (Fig. 2). JosPph C,'aie, after whot� Lhe cree� is nar.sed, established a sawmill at R.iver `�ile 7 in t�e 1840's. Sawmills existed on the stxeam �uring tne sacond half of the nineteenth centnry, and in I879 "cP.oberts an� Hiagins o£ ?Jpper Ga1e Creek said they o�taine:? their laas from tYte river, In 18�8 Lyda & Sons ooerate�' a sawmill on t�e creek about four miles abnve Forest Gzove to which Iocxs were driv�n on raies Creei: from as hiah as �,lenwood (R��" 18.3; Fig. Z1) . Five years 3ater Tr7i33iam Lyda had a mii3 and �am buiit at the falls o£ Gales Creek at rir near River r'ile 17, it replaced the earlier mill of the Gales Creek 7,umber Company. [^]. M, and W, f�. Lvda then operatec� separate sawmills on t�ie creek and between them dominated. the First period of drivinq for arhich there is ex�ensive docurRentation. Tn *`ay 1594 �•'. ,'. Lyda h�pe� �o run sam� cf t�e product of �i� r�iil, rail�a�ci ties, to FQrest Grove on tn� creek. '^he Parsons boys were clParinq t::e creek £or tnis venture, but the outcome t�*as in doubt accor.�ina to "C;al.es !'ity", the ��enture •s�as "beset with r�any r3ifficulties but may wor� �ret. " Tndeed }�v that date the :aaters *•�ere �oo Iow for success, but the fol��oc�ina season cedar locs were to be floated on the creek from the .•'atts nlace (?�? R) to �he county brir�qe makir.r; use o£ the earlier re:r,oval af abstruction� from t?�e stream.� 43 , � �,� �� . , *� � a�� --._, �,�,.- 1. � . � ' � � � � � ' � .*�° �- r . , `� ,� � ,,r� 'R'� �r�: � '��r ��r'�_ ' �/ �:e ;,;� M � s ¢, �.�, , ,� i�1� �'"" 1 � " `¢, .' � w „+ � s . "{�"a ;.. ; f � � ;,k t� ! �q F�� ks �- } A �,1,' 1� w: i �" a+ , , � '� R � ^ , �, . . a, � � , �, • j, �y , ,� , . � , .. 4 � ,�,. � � . � ��, �� ,; , � „� �r",� k - .. �.. ^�. ��'�t � �� b � � p �� "' ,� ... k ..Fw _ q ' Y � �� '� . �' ' ��'�w'�" F �S.� y""sX_W � � ��y� �. • �� ° Y� �� , , . *�l�f' T � a ^C ��1r . n �" ^ � .. , � .v 4 � ,. . ... — .. "' . ., x � «.-,.�r. , "� ..�� ,« _„mer .� ,�i.�#lIE�' - ». ... _!. . _ �.:e . yi ,,�� , , �� , "��,��, tSa,y w w � a . . ,�.,�I,�� M � _ u . � �� ,� i , � °� � . r,+r-� .� f � � f � 1 �_ `R � �� ^ "�`' ,..'iy+ '.c ,' ^� ; �� , � � �-, w' � �� a �",� ^, *�� . «. � �a � '� �w�` � �� ' ' ��r� . ,��W��a: ,. u� ", � # ,�.� � �. �� . � �, , � �_. �.�r,�__.� . . � °" "+�r��CV �� ._. �'� �t " . ..- -- •r^��:�s:� _ '^-�YiA�! ... .. ^�+a � i "„�,�: Fig . 11b . Gales Creek l�e l c.>,.; Glenwoad � 1� 18. Decemk�er 5 � 1979 . � ��>,l 94 .,: 11.�. l.l�i: . �il.:':� L. �-.. i �LCCIlWOt3[j, a F:�` iF.� . 8. Dece�nher 5, 1979. In �anuary 1896 bot� Lydas had drives on Gales Creek. �rr. H. �ot all �is logs down durina the high water and W. ??. �4t � 3arqe �ortion of his iaas aut. One of tn� twa was,-boardinQ hzs men at the r1i Smith place that season; this was at River ��ile 1 of Beaver Creek above rl�ncvoad, Both r�en were sti�l putting in �ogs durina ""dzch; �1. H, frvm �. A. �`ollins' land.�'� '�urira the first week of �ecember 1899� Tr'. H. Lyda aot 150,�(�� feet of sawloc�s to zis nill boom an the freshet and er.z�ected ta aet �own anatf��x iarge lot of loqs r��itn the next rise; but by the end of �'ebruary I90� continued lr�a water was defeating thz� expectation. �?eavy rains in r�id-r•Sarch saved his season, however, and �7. H. counted a hal� million feet of loqs in his boom. FZi, Carl and Cra 5�nith contracted to deiiver 200,OQ0 feet o£ t}�ese logs to Lyda.� Th� destrucCion af Lv. F. Lyda's mill in '�ecemt�er 19�1 r,+arkeci the end af the first phase of drivina on Gales Creek. �ther men ha�3 sawmilis alona G�les CreEk durz.nQ the two �ecades astri�ie 19�0: t-Filtrout & Bras. , Gales Creek Lumberina Ca. , Lewis t^Teidewi.tsch, ='cROberts and ?.ay, Clarence '-?iller, C. Beinhroer, G�?. H. 4:illiams & Son, F':oskins & Co. and Lilly & Hinds.�� There is no oositive evidence that any of tham obtained loas on t�e creek� on the contrary, there are many references to harse teams hrinainq th�m logs. There was hope in 1902 that 1oQ drivin� �oou].d continue on G�Ies !'ree}: and nrovic'e access to market for the settlers' timber; rhe "�ales City" corraspondent wrate in itiarch o f that year : .�e wouid Iike to knaw �ahat has beco�e a� thP Cams�any that was aoing to cl.ear ovt Gales Creek far loa runr.inc�. I helieve if this cti�as aone it would benefit Lhe �eople of �ales Creek qenerall�% more than anytninq �lse as it woul.d aive work for lots of �eople anc? s�iP for t�e timber on both si�es of the creek for ma.les, fro�^ the nead to Lhe �^auCh, �ahich now has to be burned u�, If it was Manaae�? ric�ht the peaple could �': S deliver their loas on a roil way at the cree� and in the fall the company cauld scale the locrs, �ay the peonle far ��em, and the loas would be turned into 3ur+ber instead o£ ashes. �,'�at cnul� he better for the neopl� of Gales Creek? mhe editor of t�e Foxest Grove Times was sufficiently intereste� in this commercial gnsszbility to follow up the cTvery; t�e next week he ran an article, "Opening Gales Creek": The Tzmes interviewed Mr. A. M. Stearns, the head of the company that has secured a charter for �he creek. ue said thev could scarcely say ye� what they would do.... They have secured a c�arter under the state �aw for clearinQ the creek for loa run- nin� froin the head to the Tualatin and from the 'I'ualatin to the 's?illamette. Tl�ey have also had a survey �+ar�e at a considezable expense of the two streams for the entire distance s4 as to get an idea of the cost of cleanina them. Stearns` company worried, however, about several cantinnenCies: the constitution- ality of their charter, where to Iocate a mill, petential rail Zines an� rates, but "Mx. 5trearns he3.ieves t�sey will ultimately be settled favorahlv an� that the streain wi31 be clearec3 as Che people 4T1S�1 "`'' �'terns' company did not aet past the ta}.?�a.:�a stage, but Patton &�?olscher �tho had been pianninq ta move from their Scoqqin vallev millszte to either �"orest Grove or Corne3ius since 19�t� - in order to he closer to marlse'ts and thP r.ail- road - would maunt the 3.arqest �oq drives on Gales r.reek. Althouah ;-�. :�1, Patton �rou�� have charqe nf Ghe drivina, �!�e successf�l �'.evelopr�ent o£ the r.ew mzll, 47�'11C�'l locate�, at Corneli�s, ciepenced on the access of "aicolai brothers' capitaZ. '�his came in Z9�}3 and resu�ted in the formation �f the I?asP�ine "'i.m�er Company. '�he Times ent'�usiasticaZly descri�ae� the new onerata.on i.r. an article "Logainq" : ��, Ts7, A�ttnn =__ iT-iaal .� na�v ra,m�n, r,rF;�4h ?-�c I``nir�e �"'1� Cvi"N i.^,'y' is startinq ug at Gales Creek. ^'f�ey have houqht a Fine �ody of timber of _'"s. [�lijah� '�cCoy [??`�i 14] ,��st above Gales ^�� and exnect to start work there in a few �ays ��rith a force n� r+en that can nut in 30,0�}0 feet ner day. As soan as the� c?et about 250,r]00 fee*_ in, they w�ii start a run if the water in �he creck cames un, cr In February C�orge �o�scher and �*iII Patton w�re Ioosenzng and movana drifts in Gales Cree� during hiah water, oceasionaliy usina �yna�ite to break the ja�s. By ="arch 9 t�e river had risen suffieiently for them to qet their laas 3awn, and they passed the Gales City bri�ge on t�at �ate; the next ��eek they �,•rere safely baomed in a wzde �end o£ the Tualatin at Cdrnelius, Th� campany's loggina crew were aaain nuttinq in Zogs durinq t�e last wesk of 19�3, but the new loqging season had not produced sufficiently �iah water for a succassful driv� as of Marc� 10, i904. By the en� of April, ho��ever, 2 �illion feet were in the Carnelius baor,t, suf€icient to allow th� new mil� a gaod cut arhen it actualZy wouid beain sawinq the fal�owinq Octo�er. Durinq that month will Patton was aqain up Gales Creek �o �ire hands for that season's drive,�� but there are no further news natices af drives durina that winter. In �ovem�er 1905 Patton was blowing drzfts o�t of Gales Creek (another possible indicatian �hat there had been no drive the �revious winter} "as they have a lot of fine logs to run this winter."� The company extended its operations up Gales Peak to Roderick Falls with a tramway, bnt the loas were de�ivexed fram it into Gales Creek {Ftif 9) for delivery to the mi11.� A drive taok place in February but by mic�-ti?arch 1906 it �as observed, "The 5ase I.ine �umber comgany has abaut 60Q,000 feet of logs cut and rolled int� Gales Creek ready ta flaat down �o the mill at Cornelius. '^hey staztec3 some of them down last wet spell but the water wen� down tao soon ta aet many of them out." Rains the following winter were very hiah, however, anci durina Novamber and Decembar 19!?5 ana January, ��'eibruary and april 19p7 the News reported successful drives in the folla�inq terms, "Nigh water again and '-^:r. Patton once more runninc� Iacts. He has a£ine Iot of them and zt i.s to he hoped he will qet them down this k�ir.ter.... pase Line Lumber Co. too}c ac3vantac�e of the extreme hicr�i �.aater and sent a hic� 47 �ri.ve of loqs aa!,�n Gaies Creek "'onday, it h�ssPC] Forest �rove ahout noon. "��h Frank and Jo�n Rar.es, Jiin Churchill and ��'ike "'ulZiQan alsa ran lons to the CornPlius r^ill durir.q this season. �'�� "_'�e BaSe Line T�ur'�er Gomoanv's l�ttarhook, one of thF feu� suct� �ocuments srhich i:as corre µoFin to us and is nowz in t�e University of �'reaon T,ibrary collec�i�n, takes up the account in February 1907 �a�^er. locr drivzrcx i��as i^ �ull s*.Tir.c. '?'here *.asre t�ao car^ps an Gakes Cx'eek, Unner anr� ?�ower, under the tixectian of '!, '.? natton . �dditianal loc? drivers were beinc� sent to tze camns . '-�rs . H..Y. `:ai3er , formerly o£ the '?'aylor ?.aines Farm, 4,as comra2ain�na ahou� loqs comin� onta '��r �ielcs. "'he cor�pany believed that this was oart of a"cancerte�? moverient u� there �o cret so�^e money out of cur company." Lc�g driving thaC seasnn can�inuec? until late '�+ay. �urinq the last week in ?.pril t?�e company had alI hanc3s out drivinct sor,^e 600,000 feet of iocls an� Che last drive was not com�leted unti� the next r�onth. Ry Auqust 19D7 the rill �..�as not runninq for want of locss,l�`� �rivzr.q comr.�er.cew in Sentember, b�:t on a lamite�� :^asis. It was again in fuZl swinq at the er_d af ?�3ovember I907 when t}�e �re�ronian re�?arte� �ha� 2 million feet of logs had nassec� Forpst Grove after the lates� fr�shet.� '-�ost of �his was for other oneratozs besides Base�.�ne, b�cause on '�ece�ber 3 Patton reoorted cn�v 20�,000 feet of 3axs as navina reache�? the T�;alatin for t?�eir Cornelius r^ill. :he totai that ?^�ad been *aken aut of Gales Crpek for ?aseline on recer,+ber 19 was 1,2�0,��0 feet a:�d 1�0,�3'?� fee� ��ere still to came. m�e �'�rest �'rove Tir�es thouqiit it v:as the larqest drive to ever comp �awn ��ales !'reek.. �' In ,7anuary 1908 the busin�ss r?anaaer inauire� about t�ao nther Zots of locs, trc�se o� Roberts and Hei�ler which were to �:e hrought nast Gales �ity, '?any nf the lags taken out durinq 19��3 and 19�?9 came from L�e :�ro�erty of `'rs. ='_arriet c�, '.'ells i°t? 11) , John �'ualey (R�^ 14) , and ?°. �?. ..T._,yc':a (??"• 18. ^) amonq otrers, as s�ecifiP� i:� t�e r.nrresncsnd?nee. 11 � ""he co;r.r,any nac'. �;olc�zr.crs eg including lands purchased from J. F. yenney o� .°coaain Creek and the upne� Tualatin in Patton �.'alley, but the latter waterways w.ere nat driven r3urina the years covexe� �y the ietterbook, 1�07-191�.� lhe comp�ny had two major problems �•�ith �avernment. "_'hc f.irst u�as the leve]. of county tax assessment on their properti.es. '?'ne secand was cztation ?�y the sta�e's qar,!e urarden £or usinq �'ynami.te in their log drit�in� activities. ?ecause af these prohlems they cons�antiv threatene� to sta� their Gales Creek opera�ions on the arounds t'�at it caas too ex�ensive and unsatisfactory =,�rithaut zailr�ads,115 •��e �act that they e�rove out ever increasina c:uanLities ;^v ��a�er year after year belies these objections, hut theix nrohl.ems with the stream 4�ere undou}�ted�y real. As they state� in their case +r�ith recrarc� to the arrest of `?r. Patton �y th� c?ame warden for '�lastina in the stream �urin� 1909, "We ;�ave snent thousands nf dol3ars clearina out GaJ.es Creek sa freshets can go through unmolested....The troub�e with �'ales Cree}c is t'�at it rises �:�athin 24 hours and drans t�se same �ray. "� "-'his r.assage and athers in the letterbaok r�a3ce �t very ciear that the company dz�ives were r�ac?e with the oruinary flow o€ t'�e stream, not with spl.ash �ams. Durinq January 19�8, the only fatality this researcher has encounter�d in tne ioa drivinc �ii.story of tne `^ualatin hasin occurre�? :�` Loaver �?ra4ms on Gales Creek �oran Lambert...a r�cent arrival frar^ >"icni❑an, taas c?ro+rrned ?'ues�ay �Dec. 31] afternaan in ';a1es creek near the power �ouse. '"!-:� laq on which he �*as standina turned with him and he slip�ec� into the s�ream. F.tter�pts were �^a.de to assist him fror± the +.aater, �iut he appearec3 to have been partially stunne� and azd nat ai�3 zn �e3�inr, nimse�f out. - ag ''s. Patton took exceilent care of �is men and relt �eepl.� this loss, but the attitu�e of the busir.ess �anaaer �aas r�ucn more cal.lous. He wrate, "4�?e �a,re river drivers and are no� supposec? to incru.ire if they can swir^ or not."�� In 7anuar•� 1°�9 '.Ze instiructed natton that �rshen he �ad crotten the loas do�•m to deee +��ater and was sure of qettinq them to the mi�l '�e *.aas to d�.scharae the ��uorst men in the nancr in order to rec3uce expenses. Duri.ng the snrina of 190l� t±�e c��s were closed in "arch, but there were c3ean- up oaerations for loQS stranded along the creek on various nersons' nro?�erties into �pril of that year. Drivir.g heaan aqain in Septes�ber, and durin� October the �usiness cnanager was caliina for more loqs to fiil current ort3eYs. Lar�e flov�s of water and increaserl drivincr acti*rity commenced aftex *lovet�her 2�, 1908. A cre��r of 8 men with a horse team to roii in loqs was reportec� to be on th� river in January 1909; later in the r�onth onc of the anir�als drowned �.�hen it �ot into a deep place in the creek. By !�arch 9 the man��_qer could re�ort to one of the company owners, Theodore ?1ico�ai of California, that "thexa are 2 riil�ion feet of firs qotten dcn..�n to the miiZ at Cornelius. It rainec'_ nearly everY uay since �h� �st of January." 123 ��t. B. (Bert} Pickens af �'orest Crave received c�eseri�tions af the company's c�rives on �aZes Creek fram his now cieceased neicthbors in the norLhwesL section oE �'orest t�rove. This int�rvi�w, 4rhic:z ��as ?�ased on �n imr�edi�tely nrece�'.ing cor�versation =aith."r. Pic]cens, was transcrihed on Ju1y 7, 1978 and contains h1S i�FnrmaY'inn �ni�t thra r7�i,�roc� T7o � nn1` ci,��c nF Fi�o a`fiiYal nata pf tha �d5� C1r1V�. Larnell (F): Fxom yonr fr�ends you think that the last use af. rales Creek far floatinq loQs out was prohabl�� 19�J7? Pickens: 4?ell, T thir.�C sor�ewheres in t�e�e, �lose to �9!?7. ti� F: And tY�ose toqs came for sau�riills. T�ev �vent from above a dam that was at Gienwood; is that riaht? pickens: Yeah, I think there w.as auite a lat of locs Iocraed in be�aca there, you know, but they dic� brinq some dclwn over the �ar:i, I was told by soree oidtim.ers. F: I��nd did they qive you any sense of how many years hefore 1907 they'd used Gales �reelc to float ioqs out? Fickens: Y,'e11, I think it would qo w.ay rack. I thi.nk �ctually �loating logs �own �ales Creek would cro hack into the 1380's. F: nnd u,hen they F�ere floatinq logs down Gales Creek they usually �r�ent to a mill that was hetween ?'orest Grove and �?zllsboro on tne Tua].atin? �ickens: Yeah, that was t:�e main source af suppiy af Iogs, as I understand it, �aas ta a mill on �own ther�. "_'he r�ill ��as somewhere hetween �'orest 3rove and Hillsbnro. F: Pnd what were the na�res of those men vou said that vou knew k�ha had driven? Pickens: Tr?ell, a fell.ow �y the name of Ea�e Britton, he uras active on the drives anu ,7�dson...Judson James..,was another ane. There was a couple of fellas drave here. I ta3ked to these old £rzends of mine here and they was a couple af fe�las one of them by the name of "�!ike Cosarove anc� the other one o-ras F�a�ph Blanchard. *Tow these was two real old-time "river rats" as they calied them and they'd u�orked for y�ars for Booth Kellt� Lur,?ber Campany and they'� also came �rom back in Z•�isconsin and came out when they �irst started loqging in tihis country...F:e was a French Canac3ian, Ralph Blanchard was, asic3 Mike Cosrrrove was an Irishman. F: And they actually did some af the drives on Gales Creek? Pickens: They wor}ced here an �ales Creek. Because they friends of r�ine said that they worked with them and they was real experienced lo� drivers, those fellou�s, vou know, rhat is, they'd worked at that a number of years. �': Anc3, ta your understandincr t�!ey dic3 not snlash but just used t:�e nornsal f Iow of water? ?':.ckens: Yes, mostly hiqh water when they drove. F: r.nd when vrou�d that he, ]7ecem.ber throuc�'� "�tarch? Pickens: Yeah, r.?ore'n likely in that timp of year. �rrhen they w�ulu' aet an the snrinq of the ��ear Iotta tir�es you'c? qet those �res�ets and the��' d roZ i the lons in an�' nut Fm c�o�+�n . 51 It is of interest that thQ loa drzvers named by Pickens, one of them a fa�ous figure in �:illamette Val�ey �rives, were not named in the Paseline Lur.tber Company letterbook, and t�eref.ore prababZ� �•rorke� far �hat company or Patton- �iolscher in ysars other than 19�7-10. Like the warehouse of �he mualatin steamshin 1ine, th� Easeline sawtni�� w�as on tne Sol �`merick �onation Land C1ai�. �.eynv�d reiqer who arew up on the neiqhbaring proQerty conducte� the researcher �o the site on Au4ust 15, 1978. mhe �i32 was located 50 yards east of the fence surroundinq the Cornel�us se*aage treatment p�ant. r�r. Geiger was also able to show �2 the pilinas ttihich remain er,bedded in the Tualatin River about 1Q0 yards east ot the sa�e fence. These formed the boom £or the miil. There are five pilinqs s�ill protrudina near the nort� �ank EFig.12b), p�+r. r,�ia.er says t�at the �am was where he l�axnec to swi� and was a£avorite recrea�ion site cvhen he was a vouth in the �eca�e �910-1920.126 "'�e sita carxesponds with the description in the company's lettezbook, "direct daan Park Street in �orne�iss to the ^'ualatin P,iver." It had a 6fl0,000 foot per day capacity. �a.'�es C�eek �aas fo: cver twc µecades �::e scer,e �£ s�rne �� the 1ar�e�} Loc drives to take nlace in ��ashinaton Countiv. mhe head of these cirive� �-�as above Glenwaod.128 There�ore the 5tate has a clair� to the her� of the £irst �.ile of �eaver Creek and from �iver ^?ile 19 to the mo�tth of �ales Creek. Scoagin Creek "`�p fi.rst notice of dri�ring on Scoqqin Creek was not propitious. Chris .3ensen complained that cahen he caas neurly arrived from the F:ast he had forme� a nartnPr- s:io �aith s•7illiam "?. and A. L. TM'cLeod o£ ��il.ley to manufacture Iur.�er at a saw- mi13 t?�ey were to build just sauth of Di.I1ey. .'"hei.r nartnershin als� in�ludPa �he clearina of streams and floatinc and boatninc� of loas. '^he streams �o be �2 � ,�' �� ... •'�� +. � � . � r � .�"'� �� , � � � * '�� a �'r . `a' �,,,_� a�C^ k � � ,:Ak �:• � � ��a� �, � w .., i � � a �� ! r"y�r"'� � K;P� x ��'W ,:*'5�� y°w�"� , �%*� � "� � +� � ' •'� ,�,'�' r'��A"��'r� t,� � �� , � v�� _ w,'hw e `` '7,� '��..� ,, r, �� a„ " � �' �Ff� N � � µ i'$�PS �� b�. ,� . i°� y �a N" � `�� ...�� d , � "'.:, '�'S �� `�� " ' �'" "�t'� # �"�"� y �� '+4 *��•, ;� �ahu, i r �k , �"� �� r �.� t � � � �� i . '� Wa� �k�? �*,� � � .�� :��,� � . «r� _: � 3r"+� 1 a� ` � � r� � . -, y� �'��'�y u � +��!,� I r ��4 c �, � . �' , ,�'p`aYa'�^7 ... � - , , v � � °° . . *°" .. � . � � ' A' h } 7 I� . v" f� 1x .. y�' y YmrA '�} .. 5 's . . iil �� R . � � ayep . .. . � � cI=', _ 1 .. ^- g �, . �� . ��: .ill II ��.,. .. . . �F �' �' bT„ �d� � � N"� � i4� i � � , • '� �f� g � ,1 . .. „, � .�" i "' � "�, ` '$ n � y '� ° ��; , � �� 'w� i.� c �, �� , y w ,�, �a �,�� ; � �r 'v"� �r '� "'�� m ��t,�� p � �� u ""��' � ;,�"�; � �§ � w. �, ,��,. *• d � fl ... � �� a� '�M�^.a � `' � �j � , f r yyyy � , +�� V � � i,�` ".'.�;"��'�° �,"§w,"".` x?' . _. � �" � � M�,,. "1� ..r:h �" ' . a��.�. . � . . . .. . .. . FIGUREI��r. °�aundflfiion piers of Pofifvn Moicher Saw Milt [}am on 1fualfltin, R.hA. 5f. 53 FEGUR� �.�.` ira� r�d nrrd ring associoted wit� #�at use on Dairy Creek, �t.M. 9. cleared were the Tualatin above the �illsite �s far as the mouth of Gcoggin Creek and that creek "as far up as naviqahle for sawloas...said clearin� is to cansis� o£ removing from sai� streams such driftwaoci and snaas as interfere with tha navieation of �aid strea�?s for the runninq of �ogs." �ensen ��,as to cut the locrs and the streams were r_o he clearec3 by September J. , 1884 �n�3 ready ��rhen Jensen "may have saw loqs cut and ready to float." Eut J�nsPn had dis- covered �hat tf��re was little aood timber avaiiable for cuttinq a3ong the stzeams and war.ted out of the contract. ^rives were anticioated dawn Scocrain �reek �?urinq the sprinq of I891, ho�n�ever, and Boyd brothexs placed a lien on sawloqs they had cut in the P1cLeod carnp on th� banks of Gcoggin Creek in 5cngg3ns t�al�ey. They �ad been taken fram tI�e tYalker and R. hiartin p�aces (PS� 4-4.5) .� The fact af a Iien may indicate that there was r?i�ficulty drivinq the str�am; at any xats in Map 1891. Hod ?arsons �ut in a floo� dam �n thE stream to drive his logs to the mi11, and this aid to fiotation �roved a areat success in the aututnn drive; T:ie Iarqe �lood dam put in hy the 5caqqin �IalJ.ey *till Co. , proved a qreat success and fioated their loas down at the �owest stage o� water and enables them to saw alI c�ay. They intend to put in �ams enouah to r�ach th� ].ar�e bel*_ �f �,��ll�ca fir west of them, whieh will enabl� ther+ ta Make a finQ rnzality of lumber at ail seasons of �h� year. A year later the �axter ranch (R1�[ 4.5?? was being loqged, an� "Cec�ar Sprinas" reported that I�o]dell "�aters�n (RM 6} pianned to cut l r^illion �ee� of ��elldw fir that season. The saam}ills had nut fish ladders in t�eir c�ams,� °acific Coast Wood � Iron rsoted in '�ay 1895 th�t "`�€eLeod & Co. , of nilley sawinill are on a log drive of 300,000 feeY.. Loas are fror� the ;eo. 'Pemple nlace, ScoRain ;'allev . °� 133 �d The Ailley correspondent of the Fdrest Grave �imes o�serve� the loqqin� crew nassinq throu�h their town in Jan�ary i90� for their ca�p in Scaqain Galley. '�`he next .,�onth a drive of 100,��0 feet was ].anded in the *�z�ley sa4mti�I nond, �resumab3y from �coqQin Valley. �ater that month the *.rill receive� a drive of 200,0�0 feet of sav�ioqs which �.hey planned to cut int� railroad ties. Log- ging and drinina contirued alonq the creek r�urin� the sprinc anc� into t�e win�er of the next loeganc� season, 134 m�� , . , �rtin �onation Lanc? Claim v,as again logaed fror� February thzauah .�1pri1 1903 £ror� r�hich 4n�,0��3 feet �f fir SdVJ10C�5 ':randed K tyere put into "Skoqgin" Creek, Patton & Ho3scher who had had a lead�ng sawmil� in Scagqin Valley during t?�e 1890's with a�rill on �he ��ilcox place (R"� 7) continued to drive th� cree�CS after they ' moved to Cornelius as the Baseline Timber Cor.!pany. In I9�3 the Tir�.bertnan noted the "Harry Kreider, wha was logqzng for the C'orneli�as ��'i�.Z �ampany on Scogain Creek, had Sb[3,OOQ feet of logs rea�'y to �aoom."� Prohably in connection with this drive the S�lashington County Commissioners allas,�e�? the r�moval of a gravel bar in Scoggin Creelc. In �ctober 19�5 the `�'ir�tser�ran renorted that "The Base Line Lumber Company, Forest �rave, has startec] a crew o£ men at its cam� on Scoagins Creek, sev�n miles from caston, and af the watex is suffzcient, a 2,OQfl,000 feet of timber wili re floa�ed �o t�e sawmill south of Cornelius. " In February 19�16 hScLeod's �awr?ill at Di�ley hac3 �eceive� locTS run to their r!i�l in the recent :�iqh s��ater, though these t*.?ay have come from the urner Tualatin not 5coqgin Creek, Two residents of the Cornelius area rem.ember their relatives havina worked on these drives. �'alter Beerr�;an of Corne3ius says his elder brother nartic�Date� in drives alanq Scoggin Creek. For severa� seasons be£ore r•'orld :•?ar I, '�e helped drive Ioas from tnere to the Patton-ho3schPr r!i.tl neaz Cornelius. He 55 stated that t�e upper head of these ioq driv�s was at ieast to the "�cC�lloch properaties. P_eynald Geiger, now of Hills�oro hut a resident of Cornelius durina his �o�- nood, remer,ibers his father havinq gane on loa �rzves for several years before 1°Q9 during the winter. Later he saw t�e area where these �rives had hequn above t�:e Scott properties on �coqqin Creek. �e �ad �een told that t�e logs ��ere rolled inta the river and then floated down to the Patton-Holscher ar Faseline Ti��er Company mi11 south of Cornelius on the Tualatzn Fiver, Charies 5cott of Forest Grove, whase famzly awne� lands on Scoggin Creek a� Che tzme of the loq dtives, a portion of which has since heen suhmerged by the Scoggin Dam reservoir, reports that his fatner showed �im the s��ps of the tr�es which �ad been locgged an� described tn nim how the loqs had �een dragged by oxen to the stream for flotation �own to the mill.� Thouqh it got off to a poor start and splash �a�s were earZy use� ta get more continuous flows from �he strearn, �cogain Creek was a valtiable niqhway for �he �ransnart of �aw Ioqs for at Ieast fif�een �?ars fram lSgn-I��?S. The l�s �aere taken by several loagers from proper.ties alonq the stream. up to at leas� F.iver t-*i3.e 6 and �loate� to the sawmili at �]illev on the Tualatin. Therefore the State has a c3aim to the �ed of Scoc�cia,n Creek to River �tile h. uc��er Tualatin �e Ytistory ot log driving on the upner Tualati.n is clasely xelated to the far�ily Gvhich qave name to its valI.ey in that �ocality, the Pattons. 1',s early as 1866 �ailliam Patton and �avid Baker took out a license ta manufacture lumber. Later Robert J. Patton and his two sons, Tr7i11 and '•�at: sr7, had a mill near t"�e r_.r�sent �F ,�; _�. ;,;,� ` ;- � � . . .t ��3� �� P� � �:. � a,�� .' w.s ,.�''�� ., � :. r. � €:�. ...o,k �� . . ; �ri.� �,,,�-= , .�, ��_ ��„� * . `�. • +�.; � - � .� r �_ ' �'"� , � �� .�_-,R'F� � ,a��r �� f � �„� ��, �. � Y � � ` F�.S . t �j r � w � � ��re�� ` ''� �. � t i � � �'r' "�. -'.i3 , � . � Q t t� 4` .� o s'� 'a' r �� `�Cr;��`0°`� �", . § � 1� �_ ��,. � j.�'''• , . } �� ; s'�;.� �, ' y . ¢, ,s .< � ✓� ," r �� i�� ` � �..- � � r .,, �' �'��. . � ,�� ;, ] r � £ _ �. ; r � i� d � � ;.y�� . �:..� a �` ..�,' �s� �-, ��,..� ��± �;'� � � ��; �.`i ..,�_��'` �- � n ' _ �,�� ,�.,.,. . �':�. ,�� -:�; y `�= � � � �. �. �?` _� � �� k � � 1f ..�� d Tw� �'�'� �.F _ R ' �} � ' ",'��'�' � �� ,.._,{- x "`,�^;�Yrr: � �' r F�� : � : 4.� i e'r-' � .'- -�':' : ' � A �- � �` y�' 7'. fi � 1-t'a►r t...l-- w '� . � i( �"��.�� z� �wal',san .��° .�, 1 ��,�� , b, H�.: ��.:M.� �_� ��r.� .f�d�"• i. y � +7: '�S' * y; � � :�;" �". h . 1'�'N�' t� �y.�t " p. �' � � � "+��.�,� �"a 4` � � � � - � � { �"' �.,� ri .fi " ^x� �s�'� � .�� - �s i . ,� k K . '. �`; : g ' �'�'f '� � �� .� �.� ¢ �., h "� � i z- r�C�� i y ;,�.. ,� � .-0�� ; � u ; ,.. � - 5�� . ';k !�, M.:, 3"#— f'E� y " �. f' r.�i �• � � .�� • �� '� .�� Y ..". � �� `4`}'`. � i � � . �, " y�-' � � j' � • � " � ;r ��,� ::• �t �� ' � _ ��„ �� ,_��a1{� ��I� �� R �r � ,_ : ; ��! � � " � � � ,. �. ��`:�;;,� eH- -�. � � � . �� try •� � �' ,�.. . ,� _ " .�. d-�. � i ��,��' � � :' _ i�.' • ` -•,�-* .��"��,:: � '�- - ��"'r", ;�r�C�: � y . .`�� '- ,.. �'� �,'4.� �� . S � � � , w�'� '..� � � . ��N ._ l � . F � �t � '� -} ...� � �� .�}r. �' �i � �, Y . �� M1' � 8 _ T !•n �"'�lif r« '°� ��y JC-^ �� '�� r. }� � .._:b��. 1 . ~. �' ^i� . . '� ,'�`�"�.�, � .• t � � .,y.. .`' �' �� r 5fl'.,� Cherry Grove.� In 1889 R.obert J. and ��. ?�?. Patton contracted witn fia�bot 'ril3er and �erome Hawley tio deliver ten million feet of yellc�w fir sawloas from the Fred '^.cLeod �omesteaci {FS� 76 of the '�saalatin) to the boor� at tneir �ill on Patton Czeek - an earlv name o£ the Tuala��.n in Patton 'Tallsv. .T!ie l.oc�s �:ere to be fram ten to thir.tv-two feeC in �ena�? an� at leas� I4 inches in diameter at ti�e sma�.I end. The Iocrs ��ere to be run on the stream for ti�-ro m.iZes to the r�ill, so at tkat date the r�ill z�ust have heen about �iv�r "ile 7d_ of the Tualatin. The Pattons comnlained that "'ill.er and �-?awlev �ut thP 2oas in the str�am but that they did not ge� them to the r!il.�nond. The laggers clair:±ed tihey had �elivered 1,154,280 fe�t ?�y Puaust Z891, hut t�P Pattons said the�� ;,ad only hrouqht down 25,145 fee�. Liens '.nad been place� on SD,��[7 feet of logs stamped "7" in the �atton boor� durina 1891. It °f�as rerorted that �ri3ler anc: Hawley had rebuilt their flaod dam in "�ay 1891 and ev�ecte� �o get a Iarge auantity of laqs to the Patton �.i�l that sea�on, sa rhis device was evidently necessary to rc�n the loqs that hicrh on ti�e Tualatin. In t�over,�ber 1892 the Pattons aqain ?�ad trouble ��aout the �'elivery af. �.oQS 4�hen they comT�lained that Fred r anc� J. C. F?are refused u�].ivery of timber k=nich were three mil�s from their �illey sawsni.11.�� =�ther parties ��si?�s t:�e Pattons �.'rove lous �n tl�� upn�r "`uaia�in. P�tt�r5on and Smzth of caston received sawlocxs �rom the Dl�pasan� SmitYs nl��ce (?r". F8 ) t�o and one-half mi�es upriver from their mill. 14Q p_not�er �rive o� Lons took nlace on the 'T'valatin piver throuah Pattnn �lallev to the ��7m. "�t. A±cLe�d sawn^ill at :�iliey fram �annary to r'av 1849; it consis�ec3 af 20�3,000 feQt of saw3oas m.arked �, �.�.S.C, or 3 notches. 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' ,, � 3" �?--. � ` � a„ �/�.. � , � t . � �� • � ..� ..,�� `` �� e . �� - - ir 1 r � � - y;_�'- � �•�w�y'•Z � � �' \� � - - � �� 1\`�,�� . ✓ f 11s� \' :� R3T�+F� �"� 'k�"f_� � y i� V! 1 Y �.' � .i'_ r � � �V • � ei4' `*fiJ't-':'MI�.�' '�'"' �� `'a�` \� �� y ��/'':, �.�;i� ; � *� � �` � ; '�; . r: � ` ,�� «'''� m �,�� . ,� �" �.'� ` �; � '�,� �, � ar� � � �'�"� �', `'"�` m=�* �� uu: „ ,. . >:� � � , , � �,� „ . . . d ^: � ' . �/x.�4+' �� ,,. h. �,� sy' ' �' • ��+ 1� �' ,� � �. r � ��''�" � �"��`� `,� � � �� y� r ` � ,�I L.� �+n "7�c� ,�Mr �, � � : � , � � . , . ,� er ry ,.�; . �a ��, . ,� . . � .°� �� r.� � ° � � "• ,� ; � An � � 'a=��. �t - ""�^ �� - „�� " i. �� _, � �'�' � � � 2 � "�;. ° � , s � "'�""°`µ �' .. ,. w.�: ,� � ,� . �` �� +r � + � -°; � . a '`"� � 1 �.�..- . r �,�� '�� . r � rt ^ ' �� " � �: � r ��^^ � � �' �a :aw� � d�"� � M . � q , . �t*,� �L� :, N��ti �.��d^�pyL '^Y � �� -z+ • � -+Y � „ � �� fi . . � ��'., � ' ,�w � , t � �.�� . �.��, � � . �. ' .rnP��. .�`� r.. Fiq, 16b. �reech in Auqust La��ren �!iZldam� �'herry Grove, `I'�salatin RM 72. �uly 24, 1979. �� 'u �. �"�,wuW�'M"� � '_ �' � _ aaf �I —i ��. . ;„M t'.�'�� Fig. 16 a. Tualatin f�am Mt. Richmond Fsridge RM 69, sit� of lcac�drive in Fiq. Z0, �T�tly 24, 1979. ^ugene and aged 9�, Iive� Grhere the �{t. �icnmond Foad crosses the mualatin {P�4 68} until 1904. She rememhers a drive of �hite fir frnm just �elow the road ta Orecan City before �er family moved auray. P.fter Pa�ton and Holschez became a rart of the �aseiine mimber Company they a�so drove t}ie uppar mua�atin. In 1903 they toak 4�Q,�aO feet of Iogs from the Gi�son Donation Land Claim {�r� �p) to the rornelzus �i11.�� j"alter Beerman says his brother �rove 3oqs �rom above Cherry �rove to t�e �aselina �i11 r?urinq the first decade of t�zs century. uary Patton K�1YtZ of �Ii�lsb�ro recalls her father, a cousir. of �-�. �1. natton, tella.r.a her ±��at I.oas were driven for 5 miles �oc�=n rzver to raston {and lower ?aoints on *��e �'ua2atin} ��fore Fucsust Love4r�n estaolishe� t:�e mil� and Lown of C:�erry Grave in 3911 (Fias. 14, 15� 16), After that loqging in Patton Valley was �y railroac. '"he upper Tualat�n was therefore the scene of �any Iocr drives. 'Fhose in the ^iai�est portion of the watershed, arounc� niver "ile 76, were apnarently onlv successful �r=itih s�Iesh r�air:s, but fror D.iver �tile 72 �3own they took �lace 4:itn t:�e or�.inary rise of the river, tnerefore t�:e �tate ?�as a claim to the be� af th� Tualatin fro�; River "�ile 72 to the nead o£ steamboat naviqation (in�eed Lv the r�auth of t;Ze river) on t�e hasis of loa drivinc;. n��r�rpmrn�r,L t?S�' Perhaps the best repor� an recreational surface use af the Tualatin wi*_?�ir. recant ye�rs �•�as that compiled '�v the Corz�s of ?�'naineers in zts 1953 studv of the T�alatin. They stated that: "`:�e 1oc�er reacn of th� stream £rom Iiarris Brincre to Orecxon Iran an� �teel Com�any dam is maintainec? at a nor�al rcol elevati�n af 102.8, mean sea leve�, throuanout tae low-�;ater season insc�far as nossible with availal�3e flo��s. T�is slacf-�•rater ^ool nas �� encouraged the development of resorts, inclu��in� sV�imming and �aating facilities. Hundreds �f summer an� year-round homes �ave been constructed an sm�� tracts alonq the lower nart of this reach of the river. Photographic evidence fram 1966 �{Fia. ?7)� and aerial obs�rvation in June 1978 show the existence o£ �oat landin�s and pleasure �oats an this section of the river. Staff masn3�ers of the �regnn �tate Fish an� r,�;e Commission report that Lhe lower Tuaiatin ahove the �reaon Iron and SteeZ Comoanv dam is �aleratelv used hy �oat fishermen for warm water spPCies from June throuah 5ep�emher, but that limited access from �oat ramps at migard, P*� I�, and Tualatin, R?� 9, �akes usa�e less than the number of fish would warrant. The rock shelf or riffle at �ualatin, mentianed in Krause v. Oreqon Iron and Steel Co., presents an o�stacle to npstream �oat navigatiion auring the low wa�er �eriods when warm water species �re fished. There is also some sprin� £ishing of cutthroat salmon and fall fish- inq of steelhead in the same Zower portion of the river. This use of th� ri��er would occur from 5cholls '�ridge, nF� 27, to tihe c?am at nl4 3.F3. t`� 3 r,��`;"`"` � <�, as,.':� .r . . .� �.s,ie Figu�e �' - Pleosure boa�s on lawer Tuolqfin, 1966 (dreqan Jourc�Q1 photpgr�ph�. 64 C0�7C LU G IO?3 '�he Tualati.n River had reqular steamt+aat r.uns fror! !?M 5 to �nerick Landina, �1�1 52 on the r�ain stem of the river, anc� ta p^•' 2 on �airv Creek. This ��.as durina the period 1866-J.873 c�urina aI1 garts of the year except late sur�.r�.er ].aw water. ?7urina the years 1888 to 18Q7 small steambnats also carried �reiqht and tr�ced loq boams from R?�I 3.8 to *?�± 27 and occasional�.v in hiah water to R�9 52. '^here is evidence that steamboats also successfully traverseci the Tualatin frnr� its c�outh in the t�?i3lam.etCe to ?�1�t 3.8 as well . Therefore , all sections of the Tualatin frorrs RFh 52 an the m�instem and at least D"� 2 on �airy Creek were navigable in fact to steamboats durinc? t±�e years specified. Toa driving extende�l the area of naviaahili*y above Cherry Grove to Fti� 72, On Scoagin Creek the head of locr drivinc with �atural flows u�as the �?cCulloch �roperty ai�ove ?a�1 � of f.11at tYihutary, nn Dairy Creer, the �ead e£ drivinq �ras a�ove '�±annina (to Fiver '�ile 17) of the 4°'est �'ork. '^he �ead af loc navi- cra�ion on Gales ^reel: ��as �4�ave Glenwooc3 to at least A�° 19 0� �a3.es Creek anri P� 1 of �eaver Creek. The peri.od of loq drivin� on these ��pner tri�utaries :,�as durin� the years 1879-1913 and occurrec� frot* £a�l tnro��nh snrina �v the ordinar•,� rise of streams' w�ter depth and *.ai��out snlash dam asszstance e�cent on the neadurater of �coc;gin Cr�ek ana above piver �?ile 72 of the '�ua3atin. The streams �-:ere used ?�y several loqgino comnanies and sawmi3l �perators. I:o� drivinc? was from the ?�eads of naviqation specif.ied to ?u �2 on th� ^�ain ste�^ of t:�e ivalatin, tna u�per head of stear�,hoat navicsation, thouah the r�ain ste*� t� the t�,'illamette caas also use�? for a cansic3erable �ro3.u�e of �oq �ransnort - a u5age sanctioned �y the Oreqon S1.1T1L'@!r!� �ourt. These heads of laq naviaation are r�ore extensi.ve than t:�e revised c?esianatzon of naviga�i.lity ?�y the rorAS of Enaineers on �ebruarv 8, 1Q72, which �?eterrr.ined '� n� 56.8 or the mouth of ^a3es Creek on th� �ain stem, and r"': 8.3 on �ai r,� Creek t� he the head o£ navicatian. Alt��ough the �istorical facts of naviRatian on th� mualatin can thus be established, the Su�reme Court`s decision in r•ieise v. Smith (3 Or 456) which declared that the Tualatin was not a naviaab�e river, casts doubt on whether the State I,and �oard can nresentiv ciaim o�nershin of ttie stream. be�� an the �ortians of the stream actua3�y naviaated, �esnite th� fact that Fe�eral tests af title bz� virtue of. naviaability are hereby establishe�. Tt is therefore recommended that an opxnion be secured imr±ediately €rom t�e Attorney General's office an t�is issue. °elevant ta the applica}�ility of the Fedaral test may �e the £act that there was naviqation of the river Pven af�er t�e ^re�an 5upreme Court's decision �ti�as rendered. 6E FO�TNOTF,S [Jnless otherwise r.oted, places cited are in t�e State of �reaon. 1. U. S. Corps af rngineers, Portland �istrict, T?eview o Survev Re nart on ^`ua�atin P,iver �Re. {I953) , n. P°L. � � 2. Ibzd .PF• �� 3. Ibid „ p. I. 4. Ibid pp. a 1-2. 5. �ir ohservation, .;une 2�, I378. b. [7. S. Department o� t:�e Interiar, `,�'atez ??esources �ivisaon, �eoloaical Survey, Apgraisal of Strear�flow in the ':ualat River Basin nr ?con , }�y C. E�. Sv,�ift TI�, Open-fzle ??e�ort (Portland, 1?72) , pp. 8, �7. 7. �,'. S. Geolaq_icaZ Survey, t"ater Resources �ata for Oreaon, t•?ater Xear 1977, Survey T�later �ata ?'eport �P-.-77-1, p. 36b. �. OreGOn, Fish !'omrnission, Pesearc'� Division, Fnvironmental ��irvsv Per,�rt F�ertainin�; to Sa�mon and Steelnead. II. �urvev �?enorts nf tihe t*i11a met�e �iver and i4s Tributari�s, hy �. A. ��?i11is, `�. �7. Callins, and R. E. Sans {Clackamas, 19F0) , p. 162; Portland �ournal. 19 *'e�,ruar�� 1959, n. 13; anc3 Iiilisboro Ar.c�us 25 "�?arch 1926, �, �. 9. �3regon Historical Society, Photi+�araph *10. 28012, "The 'Routh of the Tua3atin �iver"; DSL Photograph, 20 June 19?8; !?reqon, State Game Commiss3r�n, ?'he Fish an� 5�.i1dlifP �esauzces of the Lower G�illamette �'asin, nreo�on, and their t•Tater Use Requirements, by �7. fiutchinson and �•*. ;,�. ?�ver,v, Basin InvestiQations: Lower wiZ3amet�� iver t�'ortland., 1964), �`iQ. 2. I0. Oreqon Spectatar (CSrec�on City) , 26 ,�une 7.�51, p. ?; and see 11nn 'tartinazzi, ''�ualatin River Iz*portant in nreaan Hfstory," L�nd of ^`ua�ity 2 i1976), p. 54, and Pabert L. Benson "The Tualatin F'ivez, uil� by !�il�", �and of "'ual�..ty, 3 �3978) , r�. 4a frotn whic:� r�ost of t�te ziver miles on ttzis nage are ta�cen. 11. V�ashinaton County Commissioners, Journal 2(1552-69}, n. 2�, Washinaton Caunty ?.ecords Center, Hi�lsbaro. Locations for `erries nhtained from .?ohn �r7it�ycombe, Danatians Land Claims "�an a� I•lashinqton County, Surveyor's Gfface, and State '•?ater P.esourees Board, t�?illamette nrainaae Basin, "�ap :do. 2.6 (Salem, 1964). �2 '.�'ashinoton C,ounty County Cotr�missioners, 7ournal 2, np. 39, 45, 54, 64; :'ashinton County File r:a. 58-�, Tt�m 18, "Ferries", Oreqon state Archives, �alem. Riv�z rr.iles for ferry sites are taken fror.! Do�ert T,. Benson, "The 'i'ualatin Pive�, "ile ';y "�ile," Lanct of "'ua�itv 3 (1.Q78) , pz�. 39-42. 13. '"argaret ?'. Hesse, Scho.�ls Ferrv Ta].es (Scholls: rrone: t�lomer.'s Cluh, 19701, np. 1. 2. �. 14. 4reqon Snectator 29 '?ay 1�5i, �s. 2; and see Edward n. �?ob?�ins, "Steam- ^oat on the Tuaiatin," Land of '^uality 2(1°75), p. 12. I5. C?recron Spectator 26 �Tune �851, p. 2. 16. Ibid , 2" �852, p. 2. 17. 1856 Oregon Laws {Soecia� �ession), p. 56. 18. Oregon Arqus (c7regon City), 27 Sept 185h, n. 2. �9. Ja�es �. '�tiller, "Early Oregan Scenes: :`. Pioneer *!arrative'', Oreqon �istoricaJ.!�uarterly 3I (�93�), pp. 174-75. � 20. �reqon f'!r�us I1 Sept 1858, �. 2; E. :�Y. ?ti'riq:�t (ed.}, Lewis and Dryden's :�?arine History of t:�e Pacific Northwest (Portland: Le�.�ris &?7ryden, 1.895) , a. 64. 2I: Photograph courtesy of tJniversity of O�ec�on Librazy. �riginal in �7regon i?istorical Society, folder 1210, no. 9995, F�hich states that the photo ;�ras taken at P_lbany in i8�1 for a political me�tinq, "I'm the ceath ':: elI. of slaverv" k�efo�e it was sold to t�:e People's Transportation Company in 18b3. It states that the �nward ��as ].35 feet in lenath and 26 feet beam and of 130 tons hurden old Mease�re. 22. Dailv OreR�nian 26 Peb 3$67, n. 3. The ledgers of the ��oole`s ^'r�ns- nortation Campany for �P67, 186F has an account for the '�'ualati-� piver Transportation t'omnany fro�^ "!ay throuah 7uly �8 �8 hut n�� Far 1� ��' , �reaon f?istorical 5ociety �'SS 20A7B, Vr��. 2(P�ople's Trar.snor.tation Comnany, Ledqers, 18f7-�86A), n. 330, nortland. 23. �ailv �reaonian 31 Fe� 1869, n. 3. 24. Ibid ., Ii �`eb ISF9, rs. 3. 25. Fiillsbvro rrgtis, 7 July 1927, �p. 1, �. 26. zbid 25 t�ar I925, �. 6. ^`his serzes was edztec' hy E�lward �". ?ob�ins, a�lind 'nistory studPnt, �:�ha pioneere�' �he oral historiccsrannv of 5•�ashina- ton County. 27. Ibid 27 ��uly 1927, pn. J.. 5. 28. I•?ashinaton Catinty f�istQrzcal Gociet��, �'ioneer Lan�t�ar!- , of ;°lashir.cton County, oreao �d. R.obert ?�enson (F?illsbora, 195F,} ,-�, 18 and �^ap (�.' 14} . 29. ??illsbora r'�rcr�s 30 �une 2.927, n. 6. 3�. Lester C. '"aoberry. "_'he �rav ;�zneties (Portland, Fin�or�?s &""ort, 1?�7} , a. 103. 31. Interview ��ith �eynol� �eiger of Hillsboro, I5 Aua 197°, 32. Intez�view with 4?. B. "Bert" �ickens, Forest Grove, .7uly 1g7B. '"h� researcher was shotian an iron rod and �in}� �riven in a tree which was associated with thQ landing ry 6:arren Huber on 17 P.u� 1978, but ?�r. 3?uber �.id not ?�now if boats had even ascende�� to that point (Fza. lla) , 33. L. C. �"ooberry in Hiilsboro T.LqUS 12 !�ec 196!?, Gec. 2, �. 2; the re£erence zs evidently from C�ol. 3 of the F'ashinc�ton County C4mmissi.oners Jaurnai +ahich could not �ae locatec3 by the investigator in the county clerk's archives, 34. "An ��t to authorize the Ttialatin R_it�er 'Iavic�ation and "-�anufact�rina Company to take u�ater fror+ the ^'uaZatin ??iver, for the purposes af a Canal", 1E70 Oreaon Laws iSnecial Sesszon), ].7I; �reQonian 10 *"ay 186�, n. 3; 22 ,Tan �8�0, o. 3; 19 July 1871, p. 2; I1 �.uq 1871, p. 3; 3:�?av �872, p. 3; 15 June 1872, p. 3; f� Sept i872, �. 3. 3S. Ibid „ 22 Oct 1872, p. 3 and 26 *lov 1872, p. 3. 3E. Mary Goodall, r7regon's Iron Oream (�ortiand: �infords �'�?ort; 195°) , n. 3'7. 37. Srief of R.espandent, App., pp. 49-5i, Shaw v. Osweqo Iron Co ., 10 !7� 371 in 6L�--20 Sugreme Court case file PIo. �1.361, State Archives, Salemr 38. Ik�i,d , pp. 42, 43, 46. 39. .7ar.ies D. "�iller, "Early Oreaon Scenes: A Pioneer �Tarrative", s�. 279. 40. 10 Or 373 (1F382) at 374-75 and 382-83. 41. Chief of En�7ineers, t). S. Armv, Report, 1888 p. 252�. 42. Ibi� 43. P.rticles o£ Incorgorataon of the Oreqon Iron and Steel Car.!pany, 22 Rpr i882, �rticie �II, garaqraph 7, in F.GC11, 77A 40 1, Bax 19, no. 3F58, �rer,on State �rchives, Saler�. 44. C?reaonian, 1 S�pt 1888, p. 3. 45. Federal tvrit�rs Project tynescript of ,etters and Paper of Szr!�on Aeeu, Vol• 27, p. 73, �?e�d Cc+lleqe, Portlanc3. 46. 45 c}r 378 ( 39�4 ), S7. Sup7rer,te Court Bax 262, D�awer 0384°, p. 209, C7reqon Stat� .archives, Sale:�. a8. Ibid p. 115. 49. I�i� pp. 125-126. �0. 2bid , r�n. 138°2�?5. 53. Chief of rngineers, TJ. S. Army, Peno rt, 1�95, p. 35°9. Two of the three steamers c•.*ere probably not put on *he river until after 1�9�, ��cau�e in *��y of that year Sime�n Reed, President of the Oreqon Tron an� Gteel Cor.ipany, wzote tha� brinainq in the cordwood *��ould �ocaer cnarcoal nrices at the �nill's £urnace, Reed *_a I. B. Yar�r.�,ond 22 "ay 18a�, tynescript af �imeon R�ed Par�ers, ��ol. 3f1, 113. 52. C`.tief of �.ngineers, U. S. Arr±y, i?e�ort, ].8!�5, p. 35�?9. 53. �reaon, �tate ?'nginesr, "Findings of Fact anr3 �rder of Peter�+ination in the `"atter of t:�e '?e].ative �iqhts to the [?se of T•'ater of '_"ualatin ?.iver and its iributaries, ?•'asha.natora and other Counties", 2� ?,pr i95°, 5ec. �9, oa�agranh i$; E?. i,. fIergert, "Fariy Iron �'ndustry ir �rec�on", Ree� Co P.vlletin 25:2 (�an I948), pp. 3h-37. � 54. .,. S. Canqress, Hous�, 7ocument ''a. 221, S3rd �onqress, 2n� Session, 1898. 55. �;i ll�boro ArQus 30 3n1 1908, p. 1. 56 Oreqonian 1 June �865, n, 3, and see nzeQOn Citv Enterpri.sQ 3 nct 1873, p. 1. 57. Supra, note �5. 5�. !?eported in Colum�ia ?'•iver and Oreqon "'i.mberman 4:9 (JuZ 19�3) , np. :�Q. Ibid , 5:3 (Jan I.90d.) , p. 9. uG'. Gre�ronian 1 June 1B65, p. 3; and see �?recron Ci.ty �nterprise 3!�ct 1873, p. 1. 61. 1$80 Census of ''anutacturers, Sche�3ule 3, Clackar�as and �•?ashinc*ton �oun�ies, Orec?on, Oreaon State Library, Salem. 62. F,espondent`s stater.t�nt, '�?arch 1867, Y^'eis� v. Smi.th {3 nx 4S5} in �rec*on State Archives, Salem. �3, Hesse, Scholls Ferrv p. 57; Colurnbia �iver ar.d ^reaon Ti�^,herman 4:12 (Qct 1903), n. 8, �4. s•7ashingtdn Cosnty r'ec�:ar.�cs riens Boa?� �, n. 226 an� t�?ashinr.ton Cc��ar.ty C1.XCUZt Court Case t;o. 3389, ��*ashinaton �'ounty 4ocords �'enter, Hil.isboro. For a picrure af the sa��mtiZl 5ee nnn ''artinazzi, "C�ntury-�ld mualatin Liome." Land of '�'ua�ity 2(197F? ,�. 6C�. E�. fI�llsboro Arq�s, I9 �ct 1976 �Licentennial ^c3.}, Far�n and Farest 5ec., ��. 6-7; oriqinal photoaraphs in t•?ashinnton County "'useum, I-'illsboro. 66. Record or }iar?:s and Brands, 22 'Tov 19t��, ?•'ashinc�ton County P.�cards .^_en��r, Hillsboro; Fores� �rave "'imes, 15 ??av 19!7!�. 67. Columbia Piv�r and Ozeqan �im�erman, 3:2 (Dec �901), p. 8; aacific Coast �r?oo� & Iron, 37:1 (Jan 1902) . �. 52. b8. Forest Grove ?'imes 7 Feb 19n1. 69. ^regonian 1 5ept 188�', n. 3. 70. "Centennial History of j•?ashington County" (F�il.].s�oro, 1959; , es. Il. 71. Judith G. GoJ.dmann, A Com�rnunity Called Leisyville (1979}, p, �, 72. P,obert L. �enson, Pzoneer Landmarks of t•��shina�on County (Hills�oro: �r'ashing�on �ounty Historical Societ_y, i96F•) , p. 3. 73. tn�ashin�ton County I'ile 'da. 58-9, Item �7n. 0, Oreqon State Archives, Saler�. 74. L, �. ��?ilkes, By an oreqan �'ioneer Fisesi�?e (Hillsboro, 1941), pp. 33-34. 75. T155 Jaurnal o£ 4Tames FtcKay, 11 Jan, 3 Fe?�, 21, 26-30 i7ec 1881; 5�'eh 1884; oregon �Iistorical Society, Portlanc�. 76. Telepnane interview with Carl Lonc�, 17 �uq �.978. 77. Hillsboro Argus 2 r?ay 1895. 78. Forest Grove mimes 12 Dec 190i; Colur�bia P.iver and �!recron '"imberman 4:1Z (5e�t 1903) , n. 9; telep�:on� anterview with t�1. �i. Lyda's qrandson �,�ernon Lyda, 24 A�zq 1978, Vernon Lyda sai� his £ather had told hin locs were .�riven to the f?airy Creek sawmill, the last remnants of which were swegt away by a flood about 25 years ago; 4�Fas?�ington County Circuit Court Case :�o. 3105. 79. ��ashingtion County Com�nissioners Journal Q, n. 548. B0. L�ashington County Circuit Court Case PIO. 3105. ?I. Forest Grove Times 2� Feb, 6 Mar I906. 32. Co �umbi.a Piver and Orecran Tim'��rman 5:1 (P�ov 1�n3) , n, 32; Forest Crove '^imes, 24 ?•iar 1904; fr]ashinaton Caunty R^echanics Liens Bnok P, pn. 368-70; t°?asninaton County C zrcuit Court Case T.a . 3105. 33. Fnrest Grove ^'imes 6 Oct, 24 *Iov, 29 �ec 19n4. �4. .��as;:ington C_ounty r_ircuit �nti�t �AGP Nn_ 31�5; �'nrQCt r,rove T imps , 1� p,n,- 19D5. T �5. 4 `'�shington County "'.echanics Liens Look �, n. 439. Avery t,'rocker anu� F.oy Parker be�ilt a sa4.*r�ill anc? dari at §M 1F.5 0� �°cKav Crpe� in l�^3, but ;.��ether thd stream �;as used for loa transnort b�r them. is not kr.rs.Jn; Ibid r.. 34h. 86. Hillsboro Araus, 6"��a� 192�, pn. 1, 5 �or s33e of logqina �ac�ir.ery ta this m.i11, see t•lashinqton C_our.�_y Circuit �o�rt Jur�eersent ??oll, 'To. 2, S�h, i.,yda v. Geelve (39':`4) �n_ �ee ��ase '�'�, 3026. �57. In�erview �:ith T. Fiu�er, Centervzlle, 17 Auc 1978. 88. Hillsboro F,raus 26 Dec 18�5, 6 I'eb 1896, 4 Feb I.897; �"orest !'rave Ti:res 22 '.iar 19�6. 89. Co�ur!�ia Pi�aer and �rec�n '!'imberr:an, 7:8 (,'r�ne 19�6) , P. 4!7B; 7:9 {.7xaly 1°�}fi} , �. 36; �:11 (Sept 19�5}, p. 34; 7:12 (Oct ].9!`F), n, 34. °0. r'. 5. Census 1880, �riqinai �eturns rche�?ule 3, F'anufacturers, Sa�m?ills, T.�?ashinaton �aunty, Forest Grove Precir.ct on *.Ticrofil� ?8-49, �reaon State Library, fialem. 91. Orec�o �nian, ]. Sept ��88, n. 3; Forest Grove Times, 18 ner. I8aI, 22 .7an 189?; and see '7ivision of State Lands P�at Book 397, T3"? n4T?. 92. �?ashington County uechanics Liens Book F3, n. 2�3; infortr+�tion from. Ver.non �yc3a; ??as?�incton County Circuit Court Case '?o. 13F?�. 93. Forest Grove 2`im.es ll; ?^ay 1894. a4. �bid., 13 '.;ec IA94; River "�iles for �ro�ertz.es ci4ed zr. this section derived froM. 1907 Pssessr+ent '�ap, L?astzincton County Surveyor's !�ffice, I?iZ lsboro. 95. T�rashinaton County Hatchet 9, 23 Jan, 5, 19 "'ar 18°5. 96. Forest Grove Times 7^ec ��399, 22 Feb, �5 "ar 190�. 97. Ibid nassim. p8. Ibid . , 13 `"ar 1902 . 99. Ibid , 20 TM!ar i9�2. 100. Ibid., 27 P?ov �902, 1, 29 .�an 1903; "Baseline '"imk�er Company Letter},00k, 19t37-191C,°' r��SS 83, L'ni.versity �f Oreqon Library, Euqene; and see S?ashina- LO!'1 !�'O'.SR�}� C].rC:llt �OLiZ'4 .TilC�q2fT12T9t ':'.Oli� "'OS. 2F�3�i & �� Ll��lc V. [�u't��ert and Base T,i.ne T�um�er (19�4, l�c]5) and ";o. 331h, �ockstrock v. ??ase Line Lumber (19D6). 101, Forest rrove Times 5, 12. 19 Feh 12 19 �+ar �g�3, 102. Ibid., 24 Dec 1.903, 25 Feb, 1� ''ar, 28 Apr, 6, 2� �ct 1�?�4� t�*asnington County Circuit Court Case ^'o. 2R52, 1Q3. Forest Grove Ti:nes , lh *'ov 19�5 . 104. Ibid., 3B .7an, 22 �iar 19�}6. 145. Ibi3. , 22 Feb, 22 '-"ar I906. 3.06. I'�id , 27 Dec 1906, 10 Jan 1905 and nassir.±. I07. Ibi,d 27 Dec. 1906. }.08. Base�ine Timber Company Lett2rbook, �n, 2, 9, 109. Ibid pp. 51, 58, 86; Forest Grove Times 25 Anr 1907. 110. "Baseline Timber Campany Letterbook," pp, lfJ3, I��, 12b, 127, 135, I40. 111. Ibid., �p. 23, 63, 65, 140, 249; 4?ashinqton County Court Ho�:se, Deer�s, Vol. 72/624, 74/251, 77/135, etc. 1I2. Forest Grave Times , 26 �}ec 3.'?07 . 113. "Baseline Tim4�er Company Letterrook," pp. 154, 160, 17F�. 1.14. ILid pp. 123, 147, 1�&, 246, 258. 1�5. Iloid p. 2a6. 116. Ibid p. 140 117. Ibi� p. 24�. 118. �'orest Grove Times 2 Jan 1908. �19. "Baseline "'im�er Company Letterbook," nt�, i58, 16f�, �6�3, 120. Ib1d., pF. 247, 222 1/4, 227, 231, 234, 238, 243, 245. 121. Ibid p. 269, 122. xbid p. 2�; Forest Grove ^_'imes 21 Jan 39�19. I23. Ibid pp. 25, 234, 238. 124. Interview �•�ith B�rt Pickens, Forest Grove, 7 7u3y 1.9�8. 125. Blanchard's picture is in H. ,3, Cax, n.andom Lencths (Fuqene: the auLhar, Z949). P1. �I]. 126. rTotes of interview wit?� R.eynold c'eiger, Forest Grove, �5 .�uq 1978, I27. "�aseline Timher Company Letterboo�:," p. 2�?. 128, t-Tr.ether the �ocs driven on neaver Cree!c c?escri�e.� in t•?asnington �ounty '"echanics Liens �3, p. 325 were in this �eaver Creek cannat he c3�termzne�, ��ut an any case a camp ha� existe� on ?'eaver Creek �nr? drivina accurred a;ove �lenwoad. 129. t:as�iinqton Cauntv Circuzt Court rase "�o. 738. 130. :•7ashina�on County '-�echanics Liens B, op. 23-24. 13�. Corest Grove Times 1:��ay, 7 �ct 1891. 332. I�i.d 19 Feb. 6'':ay 1892. I33. Dacific Coast t^?oo� & Iron, 23 ('�ay 1895}, ;�. 179. 134. Forest .C,rove Tir?es 16 �Tan, 1, 22 Feh, 22 t'ar, I9 ?pr, 27 ':�ec 19�?t�. 135. t�'ashington County '•lachanics Liens B, p. 3�3. 136. Forest �rove Tir.�es , 2Fa I�.pr 19C}Q . �37. Calumbia ?'.iver dnd �'rPac�n Tim�erman 4 {Fe� 1903) , n. 5F?`. I38. ?�:ash.ington County Commission�rs ,?ourna� 9, en. 500-5�11, 54Fi. 139. Colu�^�ia ??ive� and !]reann Ti�^.berrtan, 6:12 (nc� 19�5) ,�. 32I'. 140. ��]a shinQton Countv uatchet 27 �'eb 1906. 141, �7oLes of intervi.ew �zth 4�.'alter Beerman, �'Or?1P_I1125 � L� '�:�aust IA'8. 142. Geiqer interview. 143. '�e�ephon� in*_erview u�ith r_�arles "cott, Forest rrove, il ,?ul�� I978. I.4�. "ary Pattan Kurtz, "Cherry Grove an� Patton �1a11Qy", La of '" 2 (1976), A• 38. � 145. 4�dashinQton Caunty Circuit Court Case F�o. 2572. 14b. �•?as�ir.aton County "?echanics �iens S, p. F1. �47. Forest ^�rove `iimes 23 Oct 1891. :48. �°rasninaton County Circuit Cou�t Case �TO. ��F9. 149. i ^7dSh].�RLdn County '*.echanics Lzens B, n. 11E�. 150. I�id n. 317. 151. Te3enhone in�tervie�a crith '•?rs. Pernilla �Jitter, Etaqene, �2 Jt�ly 1�79; iriqet�ta *dixon, ed., Cherry ,rove, ?� f?istorv f.ro_m 1852 t�g70), np. 32-33. 152. Was:�incrton Caunty Circuit Court Cases '?os. 2837, 29�9, 33IF�; TM'ashinqton Caunty :tiscellaneous L�ook E, p. 281. .^'as'^inQton !"ountv �?ecorc�s C�nt�r, Fii I2sbo ro . �53. Beer�an interview. �54. '�elephone znterview with '°trs. ?fary Patton Yurtz, 13 �uly 1979; C'herry Grove �p. 17-22, 56--65, 7Z, 86-B7. ":ate t?�at the r�.ileaaes on T�'ater �esources L�oard, �`.an 2.6, far �he upper Tualatin used heze �eoart from those in U. S. Geolagical Survey, Gaston nuadrang�.P ?+ap, 7.5 '�int�te 5eries, 1970 rev. and from �enson, "Tualatin River, �*ile by :Tile". 155. Corps �f Engzneers, ??eview of Survev..,'^ualatin, 1959, p. ��. 3.56. Oreaon ,7ournal, 9 Sent 19Sb. I57. Teiephone interview with Larry Bisbee, Lzncoln ?�earson, anc� ,7ohn Haston, 1� 3 and 9 Ruqust 1978. 15A, C�. S. Dep�rtinent of the Army, �ort�.and District CpY'pS of Enair.eer.s, "Public t'otice: T3avigable S•'atsrs of the t;nit�d �tates," {Auaust 1a75) , P.pP. I, rap. 4, 13. �I�LIOGF.APHY Or ADDITIflNAL SECONDA?Y [?npxs CZark, P.abert Carlton, �?istory of the �-?illamette Valley t?re�on Chicaao: 5. �. Clark. 1927. Cornin�, Howard "�., t•?illamette Landinas 2nd e�. nortland: Crecon Historical Society, 1947. �il}., F. s., "LTnfinished History of *�avic�ation in �3reaon and. Tn�ashinRton," "S in Qrecan 5tate Lihsary, F.uqene, Lockley, Fred, His*_�ry ef C'QIllII!h.L? R.iver n��ie�,, rr;icaqc• c, J. �'13rve� ea2�?. 5cott, Harvey t�?., 4Tistorv of the nreaon Countv, ramhridae: The niversi.cie Press, 1924. `"im.men, I'ritz, Blow for the �anciina, Caidwell, ID, Cax.ton �rinters, 1973.