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Umpqua River DSLL�M�Q UA R I VE � NAVIGABILITY STUDY 0 Hy Stephen �A. Moser Engineer 5ection Su�ervisor DiV25I0I�I OF STATE LANDS May Z976 TASLE OF CONTENTS Titl Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . List of Illustrations (ntunerically by page} . . . . . . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D rainage Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tJmpqua River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . River Slope/Character . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . Histary of Navigation of the Uiapqua Rivez ....... Ne wspaper Accocuzts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I,etters and Diazy Accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F2rries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L ag Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Recreational Boating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Su�nary = • - - - - . . . - - - • - - . . . . . . . . . Co nclus�on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chronological History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :3otas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biblioqraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P age i ii iii-iv v 1 4 a 28 48 53 55 77 107 1.17 i �� 126 1�9 130 132 140 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (numerically by page} Narth Umpqua River - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Umpqua River - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Qzegon Drainage Hasins - list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brainage Basin - reZief map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Umpqua Estuary - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mouth of Umpqua River - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Profile - Flow and Grade by River r�ile -- graph ...... �arth Umpqua River - Relative Discharge - graph . . . . . . South UmQqua River - Relative Aischazge - graph . . . . . . U mpqua River - photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . �Jmpqua Drainage Basin - rnap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5teamer "Eva" at Scottsburg Landing - photos . . . . . . . Steamez "Eva" at South Beach Stage -- Qhotos . . . . . . . . Various vessels an Lowez Umpqua - photo . . . . . . . . . . Vesse3s at Rosaburg - ghoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5teamer "Restless" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steamer "G. C. Lindauer" at Reedsport - photo . . . . . . . Early news�aper - copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gavernment channel work - phato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Letter to Secretary of Waz - copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5chooners "Caroline" and "Lucy" at Gardinex - photo . . . . Sailing vessels at Gardiner - phota . . . . . . . . . . . . Hopes Fezry - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hasty-Corryell Ferry - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hapes Ferry near Elkton - pi�ota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private ferry at Carl ?�adi�on Ranch - ph�t� : . . , . . - Poor Farm Ferry - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C1oaJ.se's Ferry west of Roseburg - phato . . . . . . . . . Reedsport-Gardiner Ferry - nhoto . . . . . . . . . . . '. . Private ferxy at Dillard - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lone Rocic Ferry above Glide - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . S cottsburg Ferry - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poem by A].fred Tennyson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schopner "Sadie" crossa.ng the Umpqua Bar - photo ..... Schoaner "Caroline" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5chooner "Sadie" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schooner "Zampa" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Last voyage of Capt. 03iver Peterson - story ....... Schoonez "I.uey" - �hoto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5chooner "Buelah" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5chooner "J. S. Leeds" -- photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Captain Josiah B. Leeds - pizot4 and stoxy . . . . . . . . . 5teamer "Atlas" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Steainer "Adel" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5cttooner "5an Buenaventura" - nhoto . . . . . . . . . . . . Paqe v�, viii 2 3 5 6 9 i0 Il 1�-�6 27 33-34 35-35 39 40 41 42 47 55 56 63 fi 4 67 68 69 70 73 72 73 74 75 76 79 80 82 83 86 a� 88 89 90 91 94 95 96 LIST OF �LL�STRATIONS tcont.? (n�snerically by paqe) Schooner "Louise" - phota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s chooner "Li3y" - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Schooner "Wing and wing" - phota . . . . . . . . . . . 5chooner "Beulah" - phota . . . . . . . . . . - • - • • Schooner "i?ayes" - pho�o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vessels that served the Usstpqua River - list ...... I,og raft �elow Scottsburg - photo . . . . . . . . . . . Tug boat at mouth of Umgqua River - photo ....... Lumber salvage - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ldg drive above winchester - photo . . . . . • • • • • I,og drive oa Mill Creek - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . Splash dam at Camp Creek - photo . . . . . . . . . . . Colliding rivers nEar Glide - p3�oto . . . . . . . . . . North Umgqua Rivez - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Umpqua Basin angiing periods - chart . . . . . . . . . Recreational boating - photos . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Umpqua - Idleyld Park - photo . . . . . . . . . . International Papez �og Dump - photo . . . . . . . . . U mgqua Rivez - photo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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' ,� `.9 ; ; r 'r r Y °t -'�"r .e�� 5+ .{'a'�' -� 4"��. . � - ' � 1 '� � "r ° �.v...+1 �....�'�..�-^� � �Y��f�._.� � ��`� �. :�.�~��#!'C'�.�.'�.x�� _... ... . .iL�� .s.� r.'�... ?�-� I�TRODUCTION IT IS THE INTENT OF THIS REPOR� TO GIVE A CQMPR�HE�SIV� VIEW OF T�E HISTORIC AS W�LL AS ThE PRESE«T �AVIGA�IONA� USE OF �HE UMPQUA �IVER, EMPHASIS WAS PLACED OH I�FOR- MATION THAT SERV�D TO OUTLT�E THE CIRC�MS7ANC�S AND FAC�ORS THAT APPARENT�Y �STAB�ISH�D TNE NAVIGAZIO�AL BO��DARF�S ON THE UMPQUA A�D THDSE MET�ODS QF �TILIZING �HE SYS�EM FOR THE PURPpSE 0� TRANSPORTATION AND CDMMERCE� YOU WIL� �OTICE THAT T�E HIS7QRIC �ES�ARCH MAT�RIAL C�N�ERS AR��ND THE LOWER �MPQUA �IVER �SC0�75BU�G TO THF MQUTH), RLTH011GH THIS S�CTIO� OF TH� RIVER IS S�BJE�T TO TIDAL INFL�E�CE A�D IS ALREA�Y CO�SIDERED TO BE UNDER STA7E OWNERS�IP, IT WAS FE�T TNAT �HIS APPROACH WAS NECESSARY iN ORD�R TO �h�DERSTA�D THE GR0�1�� Pti�3ERNS AS WELL AS TH� CQMMERCIAL ��VEL4PME�T �AT TOOK P�AC� ON T�E UPP�R RIVER� Consu�ting Firms (alp�a6eticai) 9 Archealogical Env�ron. Research Corp, r F. R. Hauck 58$ WeSt 800 Sauth Boun�iful UT 84014 (801} 292-7061 or 292-96b8 10* Archeolagical Serv�ce� John W. Greer PQ Box lI8$ Laramie l�Y 82070 (307) 742-8208 �� Centvries Research, Inc. Steven G. Baker PO Bax 1869 Montr�se CO 81402 (303) 249-2283 13* �1ar� l yn Cauture (Narthern Great Basin) 1951 NW �lalner Drive Portland OR 97229 297-3449, 223-5939 15* Cu�tural Resource Mgt., In�. � Ju�ia Follansbes 1953 Calumbia Euge�e �R 97�03 685-85I7 17 i�eritage Research Associates Kathey Toepel Steve 8eckhan 2393 Emerald 635-4935 Eugene OR 97403 - 485-�454 19 Rohert Kee� er 3319 SW Water Ave PO?"�� dCEd QR 9.7701 222-29Q3 2i George R. Mead, Consu� tant Rt. 2, Box 25I0 La Grande OR 97850 963-9107 Z3 Prof essional Analysts �' I195 Cityview �ugene OR 97402 485-581I 12 Century West Engineering Leslie 6raves Qlsen PO Sox 1�74 Bend OR 97701 388-3500 14* Cultura2 Resource Consu]tants, Ince Gary Ayers PO Box 13bb Sandpoint ID 83864 (2D8) 253-2913 16 Ert�c Northtikest, Inc. � Gai 1 Thar�psan 4525 ��.th Avenue �•�• �eatt i e 'rJA 98I05 (206) 545-7303 1$ Joseph W. Hopkins, III Archeolog�cal Consultant - 249 8 5treet Ash] and OR 97520 482-3543 20 Ronaid �. Kent 2�3� I�W �' 1 anders , #309 ?c�rtl and QR 9?209 224-1962 22* �an Peterson, Cansultanz 8135 SW 41st St. Por�land OR 97219 24b-69�3 24 �eo. Recon Internat�onal � Steve '�li 1 ke PO Box ��189 Seatt 1 e �!A 99153 (202} 362-9484 25 Western Cultural Resources Mgmt., In�. 2G Leslie W�ldesen Micha�l 3urney Cultural Resource Consultant PO 8ax 2326 5545 N� Skidmore Boulder CO 80306 Portland OR 912].$ (303) 449-1�51 2$7-8347 7/28/81 (0154A) DRAINAGE BASIN T'ne Um��qua River Drainage Basin �ocated in the so�thwestern section ot Oregan totals an az�ea af approximately 4,560 square miles (ranks llth aut vf the state's I8 drainage hasins). ITABLE i] Situated in Doug3.as County, the basin's border corresponds closely with the boundaries af that aour�ty. The basin is bordered on the narth by the Calapooias {Mid-Coast and WiJ.lamette River Basins); whiZe on the east, the Cascades {Deschu�es and Klamath Rivez Basins); an the sauth are t�he Canyon and R�gue River Mountains (l�ogue River Basin} ;�d an the west lies that portion of the Coast l�ange known as the Umoqua Mountains (Coos-Coqu�lle River Basin and Pacific Ocean),� fihe tip3.and hills are grass covered and suppo;t scattered stands af deciduous trees. In the hzgher e2evations the grasslands and the oak thickets merge into conifer forests whiZe the va3.leys display smal� orcnards, cul.tivated hay fields and meadows for pasturing daizy and beef livsstock ? �'he basin's c3.i.mato�ogy is standard to tha� of western Qregcn with mi�d temperatures that vary with the three topographic seg�ments; the Coastal Range, the Ceatral valZey, and the Cascades--temperat�ares being noticeably proportianal with the various elevations. The basin's rainfali is a3so characteristic o£ western Oregon with wet winters and reasonabZy dry sunnners. The annual zain£all varies fram 30 to 110 inches and will depend on which of the three topographical segments is considered. General3y speaking, the Centiral Valley receives the least rainfalZ; from 25 to S�J inc�es,with the Coastal Mountains receiving the most with 50 to liD inches, and the Cascanes receiving from 50 to 75 inches, again depending an the elevation 4 The Umperua Rzver Basin, DougZas Caunty, includes a region histori- ca��y known as "tha Uiapaua Va�ley". This title is considered to be somewhat of a misnomer, as tfie anly resemhlance to a va3.ley is in the basin-3.ike depression the county forrns in cantrast to the high mauntai.ns that surround it� 1 pREGOH DRAINAGE BAS�NS* (Ranked by Area) g �k Basin Area (Sq.Miles) � " Will.amette 11,74I 2 Deschutes J.0,921 3 Malheux Lake 4.085 4 Goose and Suaaner Lake 8,708 � John Aay 8,408 6 p�,,Z - 6, 4 5 5 � g�� 5,� 0 S � Grande Roade 5,095 g �� 5 , Ob 3 1� Umatxlla �3,565 �,� IIm�atia 4 , 560 12 Klamath 3,792 13 Powder 3, `�$Q 14 North Coast Z.865 15 Mid Coast 2,439 �� Goos-Coquille 2.299 17 Haod 1,035 la Sandy 575 iState Water Resaurces Board, ,7uly �958 Um�a River Basin Report TABI�E 1 � I — �"L 1�. 0 w � p i � ,�Y'�"` . ` �"%- `" •4 �'-"i.�::-� e ~ '� ��'',� T � 4 � = -� � �� Y�' � � R �-��• � ' T!F.. � `\ c.. l� � j � � � • Y�� ;'� i ! ��; J'. � � � ' �� 7.r _ �' - /"^-- �� T' ., l ` - 1 � .�� .?.� •�' '� �� F-v � '��-� ��;, _ �� ti �� .� � ��%��^�',- --� 1 � .�� 'Y� i - . � �'-' ~ - — •�� - � 1 \ � • � e .1" � ti" � i.� '�'Y ; " �~� \ •�1�?� �ti\,Xf•�`f' ~� r . � ' ^ ' �' } "��`.. �'�,�' � l�'.. �- 4� � � �.,.' � � _� :�� • �� ,'�='', � �^ � F l�� • �J/ k ��V.� A� .� J�5 �� .�.� 1. `'� ' . t .� .� . !� r��4 �+�: t. �� /'� h}� x:.��=t-- �c;�, y..,, . / � _. _ `"'. :�f ��r��? \..� . t ` ,� ��ti _�. i ..'� � ,.. .�� '�� r- -- � ::� ,� ��; ' � � �. � �r�°�� _ r/_ � , �z k t� �I�.�� ,- _ "' -,._..�.._"_ � _.._.�.._,._ 4 - ��.�.._. -. - �� . �' � - + r > � �. , � , .. 4,.,t , ?` � y "��, � '��. �, i . :�, _ : .� f : � _ ' _� �';:-� - _. 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' �� , f `� � �� I� l�� o I y T� ! M_�J�`,'�""! C .. .a�' -� �� J .+� v��"�!'F` -_tif.L`—a� = r . �_. , . _ � y j. y..,�� 1� l � ' +C. � y , 1 � .- .�r..�� 'r_ �E� f }' - - - •�ti e� ' ��V. n �. `,��, `� , �� , ' y! .�, � _ �v� y�..,s`, � r_ ' C,�. �'�� - � �-";� � . �- ` .-� f ��r� ` 4 s � �' �' -- Y !-` _ %= i ��;,'{ ��'� � � f1�� - � ti � ��'� �-'; � __ ' . ' � i`^1 y i i .�,+��. C.: •�!��}''. � /. . 4; "� ;� ' � t '�3' ` '" ` � ' ` .-r�-- - a��, '�� i:.�,, ~ �'i "�+�x}"��i'�► '*' �; 115 Sf�� r��r ;,�4�� c j � �. +_ , + �,i� , s rr� �. _ /,+ � � 4 ' � ~ � , _ � ,. � �iti. ; � ` � t �� .1 �`� .ti l� - � .• , : 1 v,i�r F � �+� TM�f �� .�� ''y�± _ �.- ;'� 1�, �' �, ; �`' ` y .� i E . ' � � -- � ` � - � ��- �T�.�,[._ �� `��_ �.... .T � "��, �'�" � `i` �` � e � : ) ' �•�� . - � j �. , _ . , fr ,- . �F � 77'`�� °, � � � � � �� . •* �_ �.' V � �' r _ s-�= ,��=}� � ij.a-Si�'.t`"F"'��'.,' � �y �� - �_,-�` ;;�� - � _ _ ti. `—c- „_ � =- . " _ -� � - ">��_ ..�-' � L. _ `' �y-'. . �ti _� � ��` :. _� �r= � �" .,�•: � . � ;�r�� a-c E.�'��„ -�� r� �' �� F�'� � i � �� 'f��'/ a ��{ f �Lf� ` i� 'o. � T � i . ��Y} ti _ ��C ' 1�� ; , .�4 \ `\ t�' �-�'�:.� -. ~' _ � ' ,` � .. �� `} ��k� ^ :� ti �' �i � * -_ � ��:-�].� '��""_4�J�� '�, h'.`�^ ��, ti � 1j `,rtiF.- �.�� ,. - '. i � �� ,� �l� 7-�1 � � }4�� +.: �r-�� F`. �' ir '�. =-�- .`': �j,l, � � ti�^� �� \c ,��-� `Z�{��'� � �� ', • �'' � ��..', �,� ti��;�'•'��.�`� -J ' . � �i '0 's 'y`��:-� "'►'�^` ' r ---�_ ; f `�``;t,3 �a'� _''��°,� 3 TJMPQIIA RIVER The Tlmpqva is typical of �he larger Paci�ic Slope streams in Oregon. Formed by the junction of its i3orth and South Fozks near R�oseburg, Oregon, the river system is actually composed of two major drainages; the Umpqaa River itself and the Smith Rzver, a large coastal stream wi�h headwaters in the Coast Range and enter�.ng the Umpq�a estuary abont 11 river miles from the ocea.n. Arising from the CascadES, the Umpqua flows in a geaeral north- �esLerly direction for lI� miles and e�ties into the Pacific Ocean at Reedsport, Oregan, located 18a miles south o£ the mouth of the Ca].uu�ia River and 22 miles north of Caos Bay at Latitude 43°40' 13orth. Tlze aparoxzmate Ienqth of the ziver is 211 miles fra� its mouth to iLs headwa�ers in the high Cascades via its main stem and the Narth Fork. The North Fork {its headwaters in Di.amond Lake) rises on the west slopes o£ the Cascade Range and has a lengt3s of 106 miles that f3.os+s through deeply entrenched canyons cannecting with flood plains af Iess than a quarter of a mi�,e wide and averaqing a slope of eigi�t a.nd a half feet per mile in the lower reaciles to 1� feet uer miZe in the upper reaches. The South Fork (its headwaters at Cas�le Rack Creek} has i.ts seurce on t41e no�tlz slape af the Rogue River Mountains and is 1a4 miles in length with a slope that ranges from four feet per mile in the lower reaches to ten and a haZf feet per nsile in the upper. Here, on both the North arid 5outh Forks, the mountainous, heavily timbered terrain contrasts with the lasge areas of zo].ling bench la.nd in tihe central basin and a relatively small area of low lands bardering the tidal reach of the main stream and the Smith River, its main tributary. From the junction oE the two forks (six miles northwest of Roseburg) to Scat�sburg, the head of tide, tne main ziver flows fvr the most part, a distance of 84 miles through a narrow, crooked canyon wi�h an average slope of four and a half feet. per mi3e. From Scotts�aurg, downstream to Reedsaort, a distance of 15.5 miles, the river flows bet�een wel3 defined banks fzam 4a0 to 2,600 feet anart wzth moderate currents, except during Inigh wa�er periods. Fram Ree�sport to �.he month (11.5 miles) the river has all the characteris�ics of a tidal estuary and varies in width from 2,00C� feet to one and a half mi�es. with depths of from 10 to 30 £eet 6 Umpqua's bay consists of the lower�aches ot tihe uinvaua Fs.iver with the mouth and zero river mile beginning at tha same point. The estuary a.s described as fully e�osed to waves at the t�iroat with in�et dimensians at Mean Lower Low Water (MLLW} of i,600 feet and with a cross sectianaJ, area of approximate�y 33,400 square feet. At the present, �he estuazg's maximtun deptl�s range from 24 to �0 feet below MLLW between ziver mile zero and river mile one. Upstream, 4 .�..��..r-- .. T .�1� � T � : � . . �,� f � � rj � �� .�yp'i I �� 1� � ��. � �� . ��+ ��' ,� • . ;��, � l� �� . � i � i � t" � . � �� ,. i ` � 1� 1 9 � � �i'. � _. �� , �{ ` r,,.. . � -"� � �� e ' r �.' � ��. ' � -. �� .. �� y t' i ��-� - W S i ' ...yyy i � �� _ ,� �,�. � .�. ;�, .��• ii�t:.�I� � f�J ilG i 3 � �� ,�, �� 1.� � ��"' r `'� ' �. �: i�i ''1� f ��-� s� x � �y � � Y Y � F . � � � E I � r� E ':,s � �-'4' r� � -, �. � :.�:v"in� �.- _A � �; r { �, �y-• �' �, .�z : � �f�. 'E � Y r�: :� �,.,, f { : _ �.r..ti,,�2�� , � J ,�;', � '� t.,F z..�.'. � 1 � �,;. -: s �, , � ,. ,. � � ..� �i� '',. � �. , c ,, . ti� � ' � � �� ' �� ' v } � � s �. � a , l�:: �' i � ir ; ,` f� : x ""� �� r �� r 1 3'� S� S i��,�� ' ' � � .� -m �c ��1 � � --_ ...� *. - � v = "s �3=�' i t�/ }, .c aJ7 '.t � .. �-� � - r_ �, �� f �: i�- �� -+,.� � F . � � 4 � 3 � r r � % j j' , �,� . � � ��a y ' .�✓� � ' > fi. '_ ,�' f . � � . } _� r ' E.. : : � ;� �.: .�,�,� � ti . 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', �' k .++!,t �� ' q � - .: � �' MFN � . , 'Q�.��.�i � '3 �+ �rc= 'S i '� ( � �?.. ��Cii� _-��,,. a, ..-, 2' L �C'n � 6ifS' m,a �f Y - x 5�' +`.� TMr � � iT3�� Y � � � �= � �-- !3 �� t �,� . � ,,,�,:� —�, �,��: s �� } ;�� r _ � : - '� „�� ,�i; �� f �! ` �'� • 1}� `��.a-*� �-t �-F`'� lk � �"� � - �:�� s �.��t�e�X� . � � � � _ f y � , �� ^ � M � � `�� r �<; r ,�.$ �S'^ra' tl�d'+� ��vP r . -. � �� i q . � �y '"� t �:"'� J "�� ; ,: �;' "�,��y,� 7 � �� r r�} �. s ��s� � ^ �� §' . �ry�� ` -�� .� �; +f �.. � i1 w � • �,�,.� S�i r�tya� p„'.y 9l+ar aar3t��. a �p � , K'�" i ;Y� '�[K �,� �' ��n {� ' _ i �Y Ie+'.� ,_ �A . Y`�i . �� , '�'k rt �� }�!�"��„ � � � � �y y / � �� - 1 �-�'s�.�c. 'f � -. i �k� �� ,rr+5 � ..�- � 1 �� -; � �' �-�". x�+- ^6 7R �#� �.+y� -- .�Y�"� R� '�.` w�-� Y�?� _, ` . _ ':� . R� '� �:&� ra-'� + '' �'� � � ;;'riF %., T' ' �� .°u'�" � ..�. �a.�� ! . � �'- "• � �� •s [ r��r °�, `.�; .�' • � ,�+.,- �� +�► �7A +� � 4� d -� �� "� �� :T�� _ ,€ ��# � ��.. Il ��}!�� _ a '� �"��!'�h� �� '3 �� y ��F�� - �di' i��. } � p �KF't�?t. A h� � � {`;cwF �S'� � 1 � ;'�.�l��y �..'i��:� y.{[a+ �i��i'�T '��4�: �r k w.:�—,� F' t �"�'� , f��b�`��'��j�' w, ��..rs: 1 �, ,�� i? � .tL�+i�:�.� ,�±��; �?pi�.:- � -a+f �F 1 ��=11is• �� :��s = r�"•�a;.;4.�,.:.� � - r y a � �.?'�i# ,' i I I Y � • "�_ . � .£, _ � �_. , i � � k �� w �. .�f f �4 L— ��. � �' �,�.M�Y Cf ' -'} � -4 r'r kr1..�r�.a.� ��`s:��: # .f_.�;� '�'..:�r at�'.'c'F�:��. � a � .-�- H � W C � � i-�+ ;�: estuary depths generally avezage between 25 and 3S feet beZaw MLLW. The present channe3., however, displays a wi�e range ot c�epths from a shallow 17 fest to depths of 60 feet below t�,LW. The entrance channel throuqh the baz at the mvuth is separated by a bold headland on t}ze south side and a I.ow profi3.e sand p�insula separatinq the rivex and acean for agprox�.mately three miles narth o£ the mouth. Here, a sandy beach meets the Pacific Ocean and extends in pxactically a straight Zine for a distance of appzoxi�ately 20 miles to the south and a distance af about 3� miles to the north,� Ti$aZ infl.ue�ce extends �p the ITmpqua River as tar as river mi�e Z7.5 in the vicinity of Che Scottsburg bridge. At very low dzscharges, the tidal elevations at Scottsburg ara almost identical to those at Reedsport. fihe Mean Range is 5,1 feet, the Diurnal Range 6.9 feet, and t�ie Extrea�e Range I.l.d feet_ Major �rzbutaries with tidal. effects up to river mile 27.5 {�e�d of tidewa�er) is the 5mith River at river mile 11.5 and MiZZ Creek, at river mile 24.2. There are niauerous 'smaZ�er cr��cs wi.th tidal effe�t within this range.g Sedimeistary transportation in the estuary from the drainage basin has been estia►ated at 564,000 cubic yards annual].�. Greatest sediment depositian occurs during the winter months when sediment contributions fro� river infZow are highest, and estuary conditians vary from twa- layered to partly mixed conditions.g Average flow discharge at the mouth on the t)mpqua is appsoximately 1�,000 cubic feet ger secand.�� Minimum discharges will occur during t�e manths af July to Octobex (1,745 CFS} while maximvm peak discharges wi31 take p�ace during the montlas af November to Apzil. (24,300 C'�'S) � inciusive. Iiowevez, peak discharge frequesicy is aotab3.y higher during Decesnber and 3anuary.I� The tJmpqua River was one of the earliest gateways t.hrough the Coast Range and to the interior a£ Oregon. Auring this early period of navigation theze were no channel zmproveznents or navigatianal aids to assist in the dangerous bar crassi.ngs. In spite of this, settlezs and sugpZzes alike managed to make it to the safety of the bay and begin the iong trek to the minang reqions in southwestezn Oregon and northern Califoznia. T�day, the channe3 syst�m is maintained by the U. S. Azmy Corps �� Enc}ineez�. Tv cia�e, u�e Cotp� iaa� compietiea cvns��uC�ion on uzzee jetties. The North Jetty, located at the entrance--this jetty is 8,000 feet long and was comnleted in 1940; the 5outh Jetty--granted by Cangzess on 3uly 3, 1930 is 4,240 feet long and locatec3 at the entrance; and a 4,200-foot training jetty �.acated inside the entrance, on the sout�i side, completed in 195�. The Corps a�so maintains the channEl (with turning basins} with depths of 25 and z2 feet fzom the mouth to Reedsport respectively and side c.*►annels (with turning baszns) to S4inchester Bay and Gardiner.�� I R.IVER SLOPE/CHAR.AC'I�R From river mile (RM) zero to RM 27.5 ihead af tidewater) t1�e slope is 3ess than one foot per mile (slope from R3�i zero to RM 48 at £lkton is 1.7). Riverbed makeup is a mixture of sand and grave3 deposit aver sa.ndstone bedrock. Floedplai.ns are Wide and low. River character at RM 27.5 begins tc take on a chartqe; the channel narrowing down and averaging from 6fl0 to 3Q0 feet wide to RM 77, respectively, wxth a slope of four feet per mile. Fro�n RM 77 to 1.�2, the conf�uence of the North and South �'orks af the Dmpqua, the sloge of the rzver a.s apprcxiznate3.y five and one half £eet per mile. Riverhed width averages 300 feet. Floodplains are narraw, ranging frcm a fe+� hundred feat� �.o about a hal.f a�ile wide. On the North Fark �mm the mouth to RM 35, the river is de�ply entrenched and f7.ows through a series of canyons that connect valleys witlz f3oodolains averaging Iess than a quarter of a mile in width. The riverbed general�y is from. 25Q t� 304 feet wide and the slope is 11.3 feet per mi1e. Above Chis, gradients vazy greatly, wzth the averaqe gradient ef Lake Cree�c, the North Fork's major headwater tributazy, at 86 feet ger mile. .The South Fork of the i3mpcua has a relativel�y f�at gradient in compazison with the North Fork. From the confluence to appraximately RM 43; the s�.ope averaqes betwe� 5.2 arsd 6.1 feet per �ile. Fram RM 43 ta RM 50 the gradient averages a�praximateZy 9.6 feet per mile. From the mouth af Cow Czee3c to the mouth of Castle Rock Creek, same 24 mi.Ies, t3ie slope increases to 42-1/2 fee� per mile, decreasing however, from the mouth of Cow Czee3c to the canfluence of EIk, with a gradient of 13-I/� feet ner mile. Z"hzoughout t3�e reach of the South Fork, the river f�.ows through a series of valleys of from one mile to one and a ha3f mzles wide and connects with fairly narrow canyons. The extent of variations o� flaw patterns form the principa� differezsces betweesi the Narth and South Umpqua. Flow patterns pf the twa have a major influence on the hydrology of the main st��o of the Umpgua. 2'he highly porous volcanic structures of the upper North Um�ua g;v.�r �rnvi�,� fnr arov_ndwa�.er stflrage. Additional�y, approximatiely 20 percent of its �and area is above the e7.evation of 5,000 feet. Here snowpack results i.n a type of storage reservoir, which comhined, constitute the grimary factor for its vniform stream flow pattern.i� 'I`he South L7mnqua, on the ather hand, has a IiAZited porous geo- lagical makeun with on].y about three pereent of its basin above 5,0(}0 fee�. The SQU=h has little natural storage--resulting in runoff patterns that occur i.�nediately aftez precipitatzonl a Y5 n L�! n NOLL'Y/L�S3 � � � � � � � � � pr3w. yrra 3t�y5 t�wa7 ew» sr•y •�w�n Nanos i� M33y] r�OS.Y]`P � �i'm.l I W 61�n }� 4 I S F3itl] SAYO'r $ '�vnHO�M�}� n311Vn �pyy/}s $ 71601Y 1 � )33Y7 311Lw1Y !` � �o15MiM . � 7ang35py + r� yrr, aiHnOJ I s�uoi uanir L = �-. � LiJ J � � Q O � M1 Q J W 4� � � ^ • � Q � { � � z � s � C� Q � a � �O� o� � � [ � � ��\� \ , 6 , 6 / \ 1 I �� 1 � I J } V : .i r 1 `'1 n � �� 3 �: 04 4 ¢ ti - � w V G� '� X �� O 25 4 O ^ O } N y N y � � � � � u � m �� 1� � `� C 1 ' 2 i i i F a.w �'" �, ir.�r ar+ar..b I I ` 1 � � � � �' �' � � �� n '!� I \ � II I � � { I� �� 7 �� '� " �= I 7 I� � n �'Sw'133f�� ^ ,O NO11YA3�3 ! � �� ' � � � � � � � / �� `I �` � `� �� I.% i � � g � I =1�1 �� °� �� a' I �' 1 � 1 - S i�l f � �• � li � r I A � I �ffi + I I I � i'i � x � '• .:� � - � � � � � � - a�o�as ir� �av iesoi ♦m� 3yn a sn.. alow3� F ^ J ; !MH 7313Y01 * 511Vi l3�s01 I �— aHnoxn.w» � 5%]oV'JMw33�+ � �• 1Y08rY'Yly$ �� i 3 �Y 11 �A'IflGrwil - N �V�� Pt.13lQi 91� =a�» I � �.•� uM1nq� 0l�39 Yfly$wM I R-1W�U Y3y53K�N�M ; «ivawyns I aY�a A;MnC7 �` SYtlO! �3MY � Ov�'13N�] I wtp1wn B i � ytl�1 un�o7 � '�OOM 53Ywr � f I �u ^� 7'�0��3� � '$�r �33�: Sw�ill.x + I Npl rl3 i L • SCU�b M3aM�s n aa�a so a.aw , ��+aia�invr. ao av�w Q i tl�6�dN�uB I lu 3 /Sm3tl �r l3Mqin9 I � 1Y9 tl3153M]NIM _ — �inow a Relative monthly discharge, North Umpqua River near the mouth, 1949-1960. 5tate Department of Fish and Wildlife 1p Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June 3uly Aug. 5ept. Relative month�y discharqe, South Umr.MUa River near RosQburg, 1905-1960. r State Departsnent of Fish and wildlife r _1 Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar_ Apr. May June July Auq. Sept. 'I'he topographic and gealoaic differences of the two tributaries resuit in the main stem reflecting (an a mo�ified basis) the dif�erent hydralogic features--which is, but the way, beneficial, as the main stem is sustained dur�ng the s�er months by t�e flow oattern of the North lg Flow granhs prepared for this reoart display the a�erage yearly flow anc� iadicate that at times during the summer months the North Fozk actually contributes as much as 90 aercent af the flow at E1}cton, while the South �'ork almost dries up ?� Beginning at Rt�i 28--in the vicinzty af Scottsburg--and cantinuinc througho�t the remainder of the river (inclusive o£ the North and Sauth Farks}, underlying rock forma�ion, rock autcroppings from both sides of the rhanne3, and ridges formed from erosion of t�ie hasalt bedzock bottom (multi-channels}, r�akes navigation of this section af the river difficult and even hazazdaus in places. APPROXI.�SATE RM 58 12 EScposed bedrock - abova �l.kton y � �.� �'� � ��.� i _�..�..�K'�-�-�i,. , � . _ _ _ ... �'� T-ti -:.�.sr�� .rr �'�;--. ��:_�, � :�; : rs"i►i �� A -��-� . '" ' .� -�� . . ' . � '� ' � �,.w � 1 � c � S `~~ ,� � � � 8�' _ . �� 'rR� ` "r _ : .J �� ' �{ • �..�=— f -- i �,� .. .- . � ` i � , y � + a� ` � � �"'_} «-~� �r� _ — - _ ��`~��,-_' ~ - � � _ _ —� - ' _ ! �` _+ . �� - _ -- - — �_� .� - - "� +�+-� � � , ! � � � � � � � ! �„Cr�' . � ��'��' � . '.. ri�� r.�1 �.-t.i.' S.� �- l � ..r�.. . ^,., ^t _ r + � c � -i�i.�� --, .r.�" �..�,.,�� `_�r � s'.�. �xposed bedrock farmation - 1.ocated a��roxa.mately 10 mi�es abave Elkton ,c- - _ -- - - �-�. "'- ., - _ _ �. �' _ :� � - .~� �. _�--a._- � � 4 �4.:.-.:._��Y _c._ _ _ `.�...:r? � -'�� :.� • F '�' "� ' ; 4 y L . '�� - .�.�� .�� ' _ � !�� ' _ J_. �" r - - - - - - °-` - �.pPROx�rs�m� �� 5� � I�° �:+ �- ,- _a Close-un view of �edrock - s:�owing the natural "potho�e" erasion �attexn Exnosed bedrock �ormation - above Elkton APPROXI:+SATE R.'�i 59 E f" �ecroc:: formation at Kelloca .�ppQ}`.1�7�;� tZ?�'� 7J. 1=� �- ,-.--. . .�-. .,.... . . -"""" � � ; - !�oU'F�i - L`mnqua River - showing j ettys . . -_.__ . �. - - .- - - _ . _.... . T�aken from bridge at �ee�spnrt - l.00kinc unstrearr� APPP.O;��"'A':° RS ID.S 15 � f . � _ -._.._ _ . .. APPR�XI�dATE R:'•1 24 �._ ---- -�,. ....,,.:.� .....�...__....�......,___w�_�. - � i,jmpaua Ziver - at Ma.13. Cree3c U:apcua River - at Scottsburg AI>PAO:{I.�LT�T� ?�! 27.5 15 APPROXI'�'L�TE R:4 27.5 Umpcua River - at Scotts�urg -- looking dawnstream gi +i�.;--= _ _.. . _ '�_ - — —� - - �� ..-:-.��__ ^�� . � _ — _ �=r�� - -.�: v � - ��' Sl�' S �''�' •' ' ±+��.�� / � L .. < < =�<�q. `�..�"'�� ' ' '� _ 1' " . vi Uinpqua Fciver - at 5awyers Fta�ids P.PPROXi:�'.ATE FZ�1 37 �. ' •»•�..-._ � '.,� :� s. t; � ��":'-� �� _�' ;4� � i � APPROXI?�TE FZ�S 57 Taken from bridge 14 miles above Elkton looka.ng downstrear.: �'��'' �"_ . ....... ,.._..-�- . -�:;.�'" {� �+ ., --"'c3=`,^ =�r-�---�+ �� :�-�--- i�.�_'�"'�s� . f - - � � -� �, -.� . -- i ��. _ � � - " . �...... . � . -.. - . . _ - �r� - y : � � �`- •,��t.. "� -��,�a�+�•-"—�-'S` � T, � _ - . � .�. Irr �'' . �t -_ •-'_` ' - ' '� _ _ _ '�� ""� :'� ��-ssc. =,a � . � � ° ; _' — � . � �_' � � _ "- � _ y'� { �--•T"" � �"��"�"��- ' . -�- ��r---•�y�+�G.�L`" . -.-3 � � r �.Tr�_ - �� S r' `�t ��tY t � . � .�T y � � _�,�r �Y ' -� �, r� ' ��.v""' �n..✓^r� �1.i� ' '' . ^ � _ i "' T � ". Y " r � +�� , . aC�, ��= '�c�.s-1��l�. n '4 .. 4 ; �� 5+-� � �� .t �V. � � . .-�_ # kr 1 � �+A�� w. I�-�r J�'.-fT_ �� r �� ' -�� '_�ti ,yF�_ �� . � �� a�� .� ��.f . �.��i'r +_� .^ �� -d�-1�, M �.r�� J _1�! . •+�.:, Y�S f, y� ., q�`.h�,�+ i ��_'�;.� - �.r,." , ° - �_ ._.� -' '..�"__�.- _R� _n._ C' �, �,,,�= 'i'� ��`�?. 'r '��'��"""'?'�C'�..�.�±'�.'�i"i"�sr��'�'�'O"'^��-a�~�,s:v..'tis^-� !� � �- � k.' y.��.� `.:�-�_� �'_�_, _�'�.'.-" - - , _ ;_"- .r-�„ � _ i� -•. y�• . - � i�•t ' '-' �`r. �?►: '��`trs. .�R :�o-�.xc�'r- �+', .�..r,_r'-:� - -...=�•- _.�._.- � . ... ;akez from bridce ].4 miles above �.lkton looking uns�rea. =8 APP:?Oi{I?�SATE RPI 120 winc�iester Dam - fish Zadder on �Iarth iJmpcua '.dort:� U:^.aaua above t�Ji lber AFPRO:iI?�,�iE P!�4 1?B i9 Y:arth Umpqua aF�ove W:iistlers Bend Park - - _ _ � _.� . �, , , , -- _ . -- - �- - = � F . �_ _ _ �� .� �� ~ N i y�� y��, ~�''� �?,?�` " _ _��' �_��_�� r-�s .__ - �r:.'� � - . � r+� '+� � - -_ _ _ �"i�� l .IrK'_`�� _`� - ' _ _ ' � �y� � � �� _ �"TI� C � - '-� - . . , • T• ~3 �.�.� . ..�" 'r� .�r+ - F+�.�.i. _ :Iort:� Umpqua above �•ihistlers Bend Park P.PPROXII•1ATE R2�f 133 �� } •• r +�'�_ . ��.�- ;� ;��y ._�,. � _� ,�� w� �.x - _ tiG- � -- . I ?d t , �.3 ,.. � d'i'a � � . , �^►:+ �,X ww-X ' � .��• �,:r ' `�'��_� "�.� _ - ■it y r .'�� `�"�.' �, `l � ' 7 1/ 'y � 1I-�1 } '�h,I �?`1�� 1 ., K ' ' 1 " � 1 y� ~- . J Y ` R t _ � ' { �,� �! F.4/l� .. '. �'�• � - 1 . `� T ' � �„ x - ! . Y � l �� a�� f - .iy .� � ` � �lr .,:. i,�� Y ;, � ' r �, ��S V ��T 'S��'�i,� � . L `I 1y.ry..� 1GN� - , .�Y. }- i y � �` _ .' L �y •- �� .._ J..� (�' r � u�. •S "� � . +- w � R * ;�� 1 �i • 'F'n �� [ . � -_ _.-M �' '"'�� ,%� _ '��.� } c '�\�. a , ti _ •• y � `x... .r_. Ai.�[ Ya.a�'1��.4.'l�i��/r��:yy�"'�t . 1 _ " . . . � ! .� r''�r, _._._.-:��:..�.�'°'. ?dor�h Ur.ipaua - below I�leyld Park " '?ort:z Um�qua - below Idleyld Park '��PkQ?;Ii'�F.':'E R^1 165 =i 1 APPROXII�I.ATE R�i I53 � . Y+:. R'�� r • �� t . . . +��;�``� „ ._�.-: - _ . . .._ . '�� t�orth Umpqua - at Tdleyid Park 'Iortn C;r��aua - above Idlev� d Park �� !` _�� } _-. _� �� :� :.:..� � • -, ' ' ��°-•- � `� ` -. • � `-'� . �•_ -.�: ��:"'• _ . �=• �r-�:.�� :�;'��-. � � ., _� APPROXIMATE Rt�i 14 S �' . ` ' � ;r , ` '- t , � .I`L .� , �r`."'�^�a�` .` � � � 1 + � Y y• . j 7 • f 4t�� , �;'_�� A � �}�,-: e #� t � j7--`^- �'r �:y��wG� Y �.. � -+- - + � '[� }�', P X "'Y ..a k�' -' �. �,at'�r ! •� -� '4� " �4: �t �CTs�� ! � {I� J� V t�,�r0. yTf� �� 1 � _ �� { . 4 V �• � � �:�. ��' � s�� , t �� T ~��. � �� .-��'� �.:«• _. ��« "' � � � �,.�„ • � iK1 • - .. �.it• a> -�-;;' . ,. � � ��"'ti�'t� � . - � K�. �'.. .,�'�- S .A"' a.' � v . , y . �r . �'� � �T � � �� '� � � � �� ' _ � �. �� .� .-�-� `. .__�.. �.�AY��i��+ - � 1jJi� � . �� ' � . �_ . _ �., � �: , M��S .; _ . ,: :'S' �}}: " y ��ii''f� . - - r' '• J=C �, • ^ ,_�•- ��E,`��. � f ��`�' '._ . -A � � .�� .a.1�+� • i `c.1''��. +��V► ��'� x ' ..,4 �Yr �- .L� � ��-` ��s�� . � ��,►� �:�.�y��=��r��lG1��j= -�,. . ' _ _ _ ..,,.:i, z` � y �l _ � �! , . -- . - �� ' - '�,� � � y : .�3 � . -�� _ , r r�•�--_ _ . . _ —� -- � � . - � . . � ' _ . �- �.. - " " ��?- _ - - �?.��.r--: .. -w�, . � - " ' s � '! t f f �i �"- � ' . �� .� ' i "' ' � .� .. " _ rJy�S. • r� vorth Umpqua - at Rock Creek � �� . _;�� . `��- y~ � �� - . . ...��_ y _ - . . :�ort:; L':nnaua - :�elow Fal� Creek A�PRQkI!�iATE :Z*5 15F3 i� I�PPROY,I:•iF.TE RS 160 � 1`f � •�' ' '� ��„- �� . _ '�'-- �~�. "�+,}. i . '�.+}..-. . ' .`:�!"tiLa -.. "r,�.;} �r.C1-�x,. p""��^k" � .r rt .�f'�l'- S � - ♦ +'�i�V. , i�V'r� y • t � t r '+� � Ms'+. + ,�� e `., S S ', � 4 �_ _� . � .,��, �7�'1'�'r'�?" G, . �' � � - � �Ee�`c.�� 'i�. � � � Z ;V y .'..,�+jt,'� ' `�"sT�� tt ' � �� - �':a ` �v a�' _� .�,��.� �.�. �� .• l �. ' ' �+'-` r y„w`,. _ �1. L� ' ., •�++- �_ " ' }� � _ � �?� � �. ti �FT�._.. -- . �� ' , . _. .- _ -. � y� �� _ s- � ''�� ' , - ��`a� -.... _ ..-�.� � .. • - � � rt ti. Y.: �� } �,' ,c:�. - i ., ^�= L ' � � . i�A ! ��. ^`��"`d . -r.7 t : 11'r, L •1 . ' � Y 1 -.� '� . F ~� , � a'�I.. �' S Y • ti r :� �I M -,'��fi� �� ' • , � �� = �' i•. L ._ � � � ..3 ' 1^. _,T�.. . �... ` �, �� l':� �: � � �" �r� .•- . .Y� h_� � 1 k i � ; ��7�� C�a! �`3—� .�iG�J, �. .'i� ��`.:r� �l. ._ �. ,. ... • k':��L`�. s ._ti•r.�� :�ortn 1�mpaua - near Bogus Creek ='�� _ .��%� �-� �r, F'+�-�-`�' � �'� . �� ;� -- F_�� r � ' � ...��! ,. . �s�st`�.7G�'��3''X�: ��` �- - - -� ��,f._ �� .i�-� - �.� � •�r i� ., . � '"'„"��.. r , . � �. �_ u va�� _ r ; * ; _ _ .-�-r��.�. __ �J . , r t � _ �,_ � . '. `�'��y ' .#j . i , t ��• ' J �� . �.��'. �_ __ _�+. � � ' .� ��, 1 � �• � . � � _' ' � }T— 2�a� _ _ � \ _ _, . '[� r � ^ �.�.��-�'•.. �� !% ' .,rir �- 'x -- - - _ - _ ~ �`�-��;..��y.. .�-. - _ _ _�. . :}r � �� .�r �. � _�.�;,�►�" .�� '- ,. � 4�.�s^ �� -�� ~ �`.Z y +?, 1_ +� ` ~"'� � s:=.. — �� . --:�_�� t:7 r__ _. �� t _z � ivOrt}1 t1I^.� - near StE.'3I:�03t APPROXIii�TE R�f 165 <4 u 5outh Umpqua River - abo�e fairgzounds - Rose�urg m � �q _ y_ „ '_ ' . ` _ - � � _ " � Y � '— " " 7 � ��-'� zirr_- ;a�: � .M �,,-..�. � - - t"^�.: �- . �- ! -:r..-�.,..' . - �, __�_ _ y � ..� �i�.�..± '�'r,"!f'+�.�_ _ . «�7 South L'n�cua River - at °airgrouncs - zote '�ec3zock AP�DO�:I:�,AT°_ Pti1 11 �- �� u . 'I�.�t� �'_. ; - __ "_1 ^ `=s-'- '�� _ ,._._,_ �L ..�� +%�`-" � . � 't'� � _ �__ � - APPROYIMATy R3 1Z � �, � - South Umpqua R.zver - downstream of fairgrounc�s - R�seburg ___...., _.... ,.,�.�,..,...•.�------�..,_..,.... __ _ -- - _ ..__. . . South [I:,�nqua �iver - South of Rose�urg AFPROfi.'lA'"E P.I�I 13 y^�; �y� �� - � - � � = e a < � .. ... � � a . � ^� -� ' - ;�j n � � �'� ....... � � _� � E i `:: � 7 -'' _ 'L._ _ � 0 � ' �3 T � ; a pl �� - g � ` � � � � ` � � .�7 c�`. f - : � . � . . � Fo� .. ' . . , i f � x �. ` +•tii. .:' ` J D4t � � —�' _ ` • ' r ..� "—'_'� r +i � �� < c S �. . � o �. 2 . A 4. � 7 � . � j � I .� .J i �'b s �e � � � a 9 y � _ ' L � I, � � � ]; "Q' 4 I _ �'. � �: � ? � � z �: V . J y I ••• . ... �� „ r��.'��..��i� � �i v � . � � 3 � ? � � �, . � A Q 1 � � � I � � � V � l..-. � .�. u = a i i J m _ R " � ,`y g r i '• ,�, _ • � � e z �` 1 < , �''r— `� � o � F g -, �� _ � f' '� } i � ' � n Y � ��' ' ' S r 3 a A p � ] s � J : Q . � /� 1 � z 7 7 a� y 4 � :I S - 14 ' � $ _• ' y ±F= �• � � .g � � � x ;: '' � i _ _J A F 4 ;01 :y f__ 1 F V, ` J � � � 1 ./ r � � Y � r � • ' � �n ! � '• ... . • ��i � � � —��_.•��.. •' .... •L1: � �_._, I 5 - " � � a ,�-�_,._---�' `------ � � - : q ,...i �I : .. . � e _J _'_ _ � L'_'��.�'� — ��: a r. I� . E '�'�• -_+� Qi ` ` "� ... .... . . � . , .. c� q ;, ; . q GY `�. _ _} � : < `� 0 � 2 I � J � •• I j � x w j v� a x. i ... y: .. _ __ ___ ._ _ � � n �Z � 1�� _ � �� -� r � �; HISTORY OF NAVIGATIOt+� OF THE UMPQUA RIVER ThexE are many accounts of early voyages alang the Pacific i�orthwest, inc�uding so�ae repozts dating back to t�e 1500's. A Greek naviga�or by the name of Juan de Fuca sailed in ths serva.ce of Spain around 1592. He reportedly reached the �atitude of 47 degrees; and although his real nau�e is suspected of being Anostalos Val.erianos, the straits bear his takex� name. In 1603 anather expedition under the orders of King Philip XI of Spain discovered a river be�ieved to be tYze Umnqua. James Cook, a British navigator, reportedly sighted land off tlze mouth of the Umpqua an March 17, 1778. The list of exn�ditions continues tc grow with the 1700's and 1800's, sporting names of S�anish, Eng3.ish, Russian, and American exploreres who traveled up and down the Pacific Coast �rading furs. "The papers of Sauthern Oregort have� several times p�lished a statemesit to the effect that Spanish histary records the c3iscavery and christening of the Umpqua as having occurred in 1732. �'Yie substance of the story is, that a S�anish vessel became di.sabled by severe weather at sea and sought for a port on the caast where it could enter anc3 make needed repairs. The �o�th, af rlie Umpqua was ohserved, and this the vessel entered, ascending to near the site of Scot�sburg, where the anchor was made fast and the worfc of repairi.ng �egan. Many large tre�s were cut dorm, and it is asserted �hat 'their decayed stumps were observed �y the first settlezs, who were informed by the Indians that many long years ago, a vessel. came un �he river and the peaple on board had beards and white faces, and they cut down these trees. As the stumps at that t�.me �+ere u�wards of a hundr°d years old, they must have been in a tolerable good state of preservation to have attzacted the attentian of the settiezs. The story goes on �o say that the Indians calied the stream U2zca, mea.ning river, and from t.hzs sprung thQ present name. However, the real histazy of navigation an the Umnqua hegan with the 3uiy 7, 185� dispatcn of the schooner Samtiel Roberts from Sausalito (across the bay from Sari �'rancisco) . N�TE: They had originally stazted from San Francisco on ,7uly 5, 1850 �--� L---... t i_�...� .7 L. .i t.. �,�r,� �.^r� aonaire �3 �711L L7CC3G11 iC'Wlitty oiau iaau �.v :wc.�.•.�.• Z-------• "The excitement about the Trinity t�ines and th a discavery a£ gold on Klamath River and its affluents, couAled with the knowledge gained from deaz Qxperience that the Klamath was not navigable, led a nurnher af inen to loak sti�l £uzther 2Q north �o the Umnaua as being a river whzch could be entered, and on the hanks of which cou�d be £ounded a city which would be a has� of supp3ies foz the mines of Northern CaZifornza. °24 "The abjects of the company were to explore and make sett�e- ments on what was supposed ta be the Klamath river, but whicn was being wrongly laid dawn on the mag was in reality RQg�e river, the location o£ the mouth of the Klamath river bei.ng then unknown."� Organized under the name vf Winchester Pair,e arid Company, they set out �o expLore the coast above San Francisca in hones of finding a river that afforded navigation through the Coast Range and into the rich mining and agricultural regions of the i.nterior. Peter Mackie, First Mate, was reportad�.y in charge of the expeda.tion asid Captain Albert Ly�an cammar,ded the schooner Samue3 Roberts. ° 'I'f�e Company was tit3ed the Klamath Exploring ExAeditian, and was set on foot by five persons und'er the name of winchester Paiae s Co. We saiZed from San Francisco the 6� o€ ,7u].y." They reached the Umpqua Rivez in good time (F`riday, August 2, 1850) and crossed the bzr safe�y on August 4, i8S0: "On Sunday moz�ning, Avgust 4, wind and tide being favorable, the schooner crassad the Umpqua bar and came to anchoz in five fathoms of water, in a bay eight miles Iong asid a half mile wide." "On Sunc3ay, Auqust 4th having a Iight breeze from the t�t3W we got up anchor and stood i.nto the river. We �ound a very capacious harbor inside anc� go4d anchorage."� This was the first known American vessel, ever, tc enter the Uamqua R_'tver. Accovnts vary (Ore �n Historical Quarterlv vs His�ory af Southern Oreaon), but supposedly they met I,evi Scott an� two other men traveling down river. Historical sources state that �h�y had been surveying ti�e lower river in order to determine its navigahzl.ity status and to see what kind vf a harbor it afforded. However, the journal of the Samuel R�berts proves otherwise: �"T'�1P1^P �.rw�o Y��an rnL� u} ��c �++�7uua i�i L L1VCL W�l� were awaiting the arriva3. of the surveying schoonez �aing which they expected wauld enter the river. Their names were Scott, 3utlez � SZaane. They were very much pleased to see �s enter the river and qave us a flattezinc descriptian of t�e conntry above. , �a x'nere was an exchange of information and evidently they reached some sort of an agreement to join forces. After they looked the lower river over and tihe Company had laid out two townsites (L3mnaua City on the east side of the mouth and ano�ex si�e on the west side called West Dmnqua) they groceeded �pstream {August 6th? taward the head of navigation (some 23�miles) where Scatt had already estal�3ished a tor�m- site (Scottsburg). pCaptain Scot� first named his town t�yrtle City. F3owever this was soon chasiged ta Scottsvi�le and then to Scottsbnrg."� 5ome 2Q miles upriver the tide fe�I and the 5amue� RobErts gro�nded on the shaal areas of Echo Island. fiere again, reports vary, but histori- caI sources state that the gxonp ligi�tened the load of their vassel either by drinkinq� Qr thrawi.nq ovezboazd the supply of brandy. Henceforth the shoal has been known as "Brandy Bar". � "'I'lze ne�ct day we got undezway and went up the rivex. The shares an both sides c�nsisted of iAUnense ledges of sand- stone rocks cavered with pines and fi.r timber. We got 12 feet of Water and over for abaut 20 mi.�.es when we grounded and were obliged to stop for the night. Tlzat night was celebratec3 by an extra indulgence on board and the bounds of sobriety was excee�ed by not a few. '1'lnat place we aamed Brandy Sar & it was the first obsticle (sic) of ia�porta.nce to navigatioa of the river." The next day at high tide th� schooner continued on to Scottsburg f for the purpose of docis�enting the river's navigability to this poi.nt, fToon their arrival Levi Scot�. keat his paxt of the agreement and donated 160 acres of land ac3joining hzs tract (lying below the rapids). It was ca�led "�,ower Towr�" . 3$ "The tvwn (Scottsburg?, as first aevelaped, had three di.visions; �pper, �.dd�e, and iower town." Here, members of the San Francisco party joined other Oregonians and forased the Umpqua '�ownsite and Colonization Company (Urnncrua Land Company}. They began exploring the river and two more town sites were established: The town of E�.kton on the confluence of Elk Creek and the town o� Winc3zester situated on the North Fark af the Umpqua Ri.ver. "Ttie desiqn of our company was to Iay out towns and epen roads. Ttiey accQrdingly surveyed out four towns, ane at tke rnauth�of the river callet� vmaqua, ane at the head of navi- gation caiieci jCOLLSIJIIr[J � one n�a� t ie iv� Laaa2u Llkt�:= and one at the fork of the river 30 miles from the fort cal3ed Winchester.'� "...Tt�e sciioanez was here snng�y moored and preoarations were iQanediate�y made for excursions up the river by the explorers. Myself and thre� b�h ers stayed by the vessel and all the res� proceeded ug the river. =� NOTE: The passage of the pregoa Land Law in ].850 prevented land com- panies and nonzesidents fzam holdiag and speculating an land, I� also effected the inva].idation of the titles to the lands �hey weze selling resu�.ting in the demise of the Winchester Paine and Com�any as we12 as the new�y formed Uarpqua Land Company. The zemaining group returned to San Francisco wa.th tales and glawing reparts of the river's possibilities. "It was arranged that 14 of the company were to stay and look out far the c3aims whi3e the rest should return to San Fran- cisco. Tuesday Ae�gust 27, as we now compl.eted all aur arrangeanents we haisted sail and went out of the river,n Winchester Paina and Co�rtpariy reportedly outfitted and dispatched anather schooner (The Kate f�eath), and on September 26, 1950, 100 men stasted back to the Umrx�ua River. In the meantime, the schooner Bostonian, autfitted by a Bostan merchant•by the name of Gardiner (who was also speculatinq on the deve�opment possibilities af the Pacific Caast) managing ta sail around the horn, Iost the channel, and wrecked on the U�npqua bar in an attempt to en�er the mouth (October 1� Z85Q), NQTE: Some historicaZ sources state that the 74-ton, two-masLed schoone� Ortolan, caamtianc3ed bp Captain William E. RackZiff was actually the second vessel to enter the Umgqua. "..as no gatents cou3.d he issued for Iands it was selling. 3.'!'iis, with the failuze of �he company's vessels Zoaded with pilzng; and a drop of fifty percent in �argo va].ues, bzaught about quick fazl.ure. Five mdnths after the return to San Fraricisco of t.�!e 5a�ue1 Rnberts, not ane �f the group t}�at oriqinal3y sailed on her was in any way connected wi�h the Um�qua a�ventnza."� The settle�ents along the Umpqua, however, +,+ere enjoyinc prosperity, Ttie baom of tne northwest California and southern Oregoa aold mines and settlements had started an influx of trade along the river. Tt3e Umpqua River at this time w�s consi�ered to be secon� Qnly to tne Wi33amette� �Ziver in its ootential value as an artery of camrnerce. The newly- c hristened towns started coin�eting with the larger towns of northern Oregon and Caiifornia. The first ased busiest town an the Umpqua was Scat'�sburg. With gold excitement high in the Siskiyou an� Klamath Caunty, Levi Scott saw the handwriting on the wal3. 5o during the su�ner of 1850 he set ont to finc3 what he considered the head of navigatzan. His idea was to find an area t�iat was easily accessib�e to the northern countzy, close to t�e ocean providing a safe entzy for shins coming from the east coast and San Francisco, and one that wauld elimznate the distanca averland from Portland por�s, Levi Scott's Scottsburg was evident�y this and more: 3� "In 1850 travel to and from the California mines increased, and nack tzains wi�h Ivads of goods began to he seen an the trails. The number of settlers matQrially zncreased, esgeci- ally in the upper end of the county, the majority of the newcomers being from the Willamette valley. Cas�tain 5cnt� went down the Umpqua anc3 laid out the town of Scottsburg, as a sunplying point for the upper country." "The Sccttshurg of i852 presented a striking picture. The mines of Southezn Ozeqon and Narthern Califarnia demanded trade goods and Lhe Scottsburgers were there to suppky them. Hundreds of pack animals jdstled each other in the straets, theiz drivers cursi.ng and shoutine as thay lashed the nacks fast so �hat they'd not be shaken laose vn the long trek over the raugh mountain trails. Ships nosed in from the sea bringing clothing, food, and tools for the mines. On their autward tzips they carried beef, mutton, hides, and It�ber to San Francisco and Portland." "A. G. walling, a Portiand publisher and Oregon historian, writing S.n I888, said that zn the first years of Scottsl�urg's existence, fifteen business houses were engaged in who3esale and retail business. It was a comman sight to see five hcu�- dred pack animals in the streets waitinq for their loads of suppZies and minzng machinery for southern Oregon and nortlzern Californf a." "Scattsburg. at the head of the tidewater an the E7aipqna river and twenty-five miles from the acean, is near the southwest angl.e, and is the shipping poi.nt £or the valley; above this point the rzver is not navi.gabl.e, and as yet there is na road, Ieading to it, passable except with horses. But the principal market for the products of the farm is found in the gold mines af the Klamath and Rogue river. Z'hese inines l�.e between the 41 c�egree and 43 degree of north latitude, and are principa�ly suppiied from Oregon." "The trail between Scottsb�rg and Wi.a�hester became one of the a�ajor inlarid zontes for mule pack trains. After being se�ected by the U. S. Army as �3 auost suitable s t was later developed as a military route." "...Scottsburg, the Arincipal town an the river, had on3y occasional religious services; the 27-�siZe journey for Sunday warship was too far £or the soldiers."�`� "...With the qrowth of mining and settlement in the Rngue river valley, Scflttsburg and the river became so busy that in 1853 a merchant at 5cottsb�rg, Captain Hinsdale, went to the Willamette, bought the izon prooe�.ler washington and took her to the Unsgqua where he put her to work on occasionaZ towing jobs in the bay and on regular runs up and down the rivez. �� ,� �� r � _ _ . ,_ � _� �. A �. � j �+w __ � �qd �. •. .. � •' M i • -0� ".wJ� •-:.- _ ~� _- ` �.�" �,_ . 'ti r .� "�.c;� ��'. r ;'+c .. A � ` . �� .� «�'s. �i�-4�, - • .- - - � � � v _"; y� . ' '�►,< .a � 1 K�4IM ! � - r�. _ �' ��"{ . t- ' l � �� s-� t . ` ., * ��-i� }F � w�=>:.2,,. rrf'� . ' 4 I i - .:?� - ' '4' �r r4r x,3� -.� .�„S �- ,1 a :`�. yt�y�t s#c,��' �.ws7�'.,t�. x • i � ;�, ; 1i +� � 3 � - � � � . �.., � .r� � ��ia�� z.:?� w.�?�.�3. � y ` ±�.,.��.`�',� � � �� ,{y. s _ ��:-,,� ��,��`",�' � �..�`�,-ta„►.s�.( � ' � ,��' � �� _ •� . �3� f��}�'S �•f+ i �� }.!' � i .Tr ,�C_ �►`� 3�� .-� L�- ' � � - =_��-.�::. �� i � � , �� .. . .. �' "t�� ...� - 1� �� i ' , � — _-�� •��R�.." �� - �r�� ' + r � ._ . , ``�� _ � �.�-.--�.—�.��s::�,;,,,� ' �Y!'Y4`4r Z�+�--t. � _ — - - ^ � v.��. � .. �., .��`7-�r�� `'�`�, r.�i iiE�i'ii�i�i uist�iir �'�`n�i� _�i.CClZI�r LVd d� JC��iS�.7UYq L3I1�1R�. r ��F �+; 1 � � � � ` f �i � �� . F � .[n �iy,-:^..� ��:,Yi�s'^ ��fi- =r ��. �F= �� i �� 1 x�:•. • �� ,' i r .- - ��.� � - ��,. a T. 4 � >� - �.�, - �....ti. ' ._. . - - �Y _ . X s:�' Y. _ . .. . �� ztM ' �. �-..� . . ..�- ♦ - -_ , . .�:�+.-- e --�„ �„� � - . . ..r��• - � � �: _x�' ' r� r .�: c..e. - � • � +.. M "�+° ��r*e_ .� - r - s�� - �- r : W - - -- _.��.. _ .r _ T —� -• --,_ _ ,�-_ �- � � - -- v�_ �~ � # t � �?�+ -�� _ �� - 'w+�^~.1._ _ �� —� � MEETIIZG DRAIC; S�AGE' - S�eamer Eva at the Scot*_sburg landing. � �_- i �� ' �-- x'" :-" �- �" " 1 - -_ � i}�/'r� � r�± �± 1.iy ti `� I .,. ' r ' �4 �� ` ...�. �� ; { �.wr' 'i:� � .�-�� - � w r ° " f-. � �� 4+wj' � A` � h � fflK'�� - ;q!"*'t. x .' i,. y�,�a � ta�s1 �_ ---=.r_._... �- � - ; = -; �' � � � , . . _ ": ;,:' _ - • � � " :,i �� --� �� r�-�� 1 � .;� ; — i� � 1 ij"�f.. l i �?.�1''�" � � '� � 1 ~ - '�-��,�•� j �� ; ,� �, �: � � �- w �� -s I iG �� .� �� a+.c� � r 7 i r:� "i.'_'f i }. 'y c c, .�e - � 1' .. a3 �� y" ? ��" � { :�� s � fX � ry -s�. • �'+l ��. � i�� '�" �.3 i � .� _ >' ;1�_'�,��.... '.�T�YLLy1 .T�:�--e!�t�.�i��.�._ . � ST;.A.�R - �va, and �ne South Beach 5tage neaz t�e nouth of t!�e UmnQUa. �5 �--� - - ----- . - �'A'��.}_�r��: " �. "t'. fvir d -f''- � "+ �+..._?-' `{� �r. r M - ��. ti/, J r� � .� 1��^`' �� ~r I � � ��:�M� .Y � �� 3 �r!:'�� f- �,�! lt� - = �_ .� � ��:� . s ,�,.t ' � .� - � �y } � y�_. . .'_"r .. �• � �� , � �.. - � 7 • � . , „ - � L. � '. c �S- � ,. _�?�'`� -'_- i - y � � - -? �- � w'_ .�..- � i �• -;,,�, :=�.;:�-' =�� ,,�� _ . . �;" . ��w �,�"�„�--� �,' ��"�� f � '�� r' . � . ��?r;� ,�- r ' ��;., ` +..i 'X2`+� � _ �,_ �' "� r � ._ - - - �� , - . R� ' � �"��' . .� ,/�� Y � -.;.�` S��^'` � -:,'� ,,� ' ;� J _�e��.� ~ � ��Y� _ '� � � �,«��+ti.� �'�'. � �� `- - _ - - _ '.� - . �-'� _• �_ -��- - _ .- - 1 = -- - . . - - - - - � Y - _ _ .(--� - _ . _ _ _ . . . ' - . � .. . • r � G . � -- - � � ' = _ . " ' � . . . j� � � _- � - . - - ... . - �.�.� . " � - - - � _� - y - � _ .• , _ � . . � " " �_ ' . . -_ -^ ` � I ` �z . ._ j . . ' _ ' � � . � � � . 1 y � � _ _ � r . . �` � � �� ^ a '• � -- - . • STEnM.ER - Eva at a Sout!� Beach landing near tne mou�h. of the Um�qua. � 36 "When, in 2850, tzavel to the California gold mines became heavy and pack trains loaded with gaods appeared on the trails, Captain Scott went down the Ur�pqua River and estal�- lished Scottsbarg. The �ocation o� tlzis o�d to�+n, which anca competed seriously with Poztland and other towns as a supply point for ths mining districts of sauthern Oregan and northern Califorsaia, is situated an the north bank of the Ua�pqua at the strategic head af navigation and ti�e water." "Scottsburg soon became the metropolis of southern Oregon. All the trade af the regian passed through this place, which had connectian with San Francisco by sea. Roads were con- structed at great �xpense to accommodate this tra�e, and the influence of this seas�ort town on the Umpaua extended clear into northern Cali�ornia. In �852 when it was at the apex of its greatness there were £ifteen business houses engage� in a wholesale and retai3. trade. It was no unusual sight to see 5a4 oack anzmals in the straets waiting foz their ioads of goods." - "The trail between Scottsburg and winchester became oneof the ma�or znlar�d routes for muZe pack trains. After being se3ect�d by the U. S. Army as 58 soos� suitable, it was Iater developed as a military mute. "Zn 1852, a rcute was surveyed for a county raad fram 5cotts- •� buzg thrc�ugh E].kton ta Winchester anc3 1,000 dollazs a prapriated for building a bridge across EZk Cree�c at Elkton..."$� "Scottshurg was point of call fvr ocean vessels bringing supplies from San Francisco to be freighted overland to ,7acksonville, Oregon and the mining tawns in Korthe m Cal.if."�� Characteristic of early pioneer town deveio,pment, a town's importance soon has to meet the test of time. Trends sett�e, a sorting o£ trade �enters takes pla�e, and the Iaw of suzvival in the be�siness world saon dictates the flnes tfzat wz].1 make it and the ones �hat won "t. Such was the case of Scottsburg, with the loggzng off of th e timber, r and the c3wzndling mining e£fort accompanied with the rtunars af a new railroad line, Scottsburg's decline began in the late 1850's. T'tien as a final blow, in the winter of 1861-52, a flood took away "Lower Town" leaving one business �s�ab].ishment standing testaraent to the once bustling � i�ut short-lived town:"' "However, in spite of its f�.aurishing beginning, the acsne of S�ottsburg's prasperity soan �sassed and in the latter fif�ies its decline was rapid. :"hen, a.n uhe win�er of 1B61-62, a disastez struc3c and the town never recovered to any great extent. Fed by thE heavy rains of December and January the broad fload of the Um�aua rol�ed and heaved ovez its banks, complete3y wip�.ng ovt the 3ower town, which was nevel zebuiit. Thirty bvildings were carzied ouL *_o sea on the cresL of t:�e waters." �; .. "The dec3ine of the gold fields in the RQgue River countzy reduced the impartance of the zoute, but settlers a].ong the upner Umpqua.,,�� "The founding of Crescent City in 185Z drew off a large portion of �he trade ot 5cottsbe�rg, and the increase of transpartation f�acilities £rom ot'�er peints rapidly under- mined the remainder af i�s {S�ot�shuzgy business. In I858 t� nutnf3er of stores was reduc�d ta two, and o64 of these was demolished by the�great fload of 1861-62." "Since �868 the ponulation of Scottsburg has remained gracticalZy statianary, and it has become one o£ thQ a3.most ghost t�o� s of the nast, haunted by the qlaries of former years. "Tlnongh �imited by its gaographical ].ocatzon, Scottsburq is historically the mast important town oa the lower Umngssa. More business was carried on there than at any other town in the Oregon Territory at that �ime."�� "Scottsburg began to wane as a port of entry for shinmen�ts to scuthern oregon and northern California after the fovnding of Czescen� City zn 1852. By 7.858 the fift�en original stores had �windled to twa and one of those was demolished �y the f3ood of �861. 5cottsburg, the important shipping centEr was dyi.ng, Townspe�ple who were interested in methods of improving the town's impoztance became enthused avez the prospect of 5cottsbnrg regaining its former imnortance. M. M. MeJ.vir►, a local man concErned about the future of the area, had been electe� Co the State Leaislature in 1856. Melvin had a�uicklv introdtt�ed a bi�l £oz imnroving the unper U:noqua to navigation. 5�ith some political assistance the hill was passed on to Congzess. Congress, after some debate, asserted that proof was needed to show that the Umpqua couZd be made navigable. Nielvin lnimself had em�arked on a canoe jaunt in order to determine the possibilities of uta.lizing the upper river as a transAOrtation system and was convinced thati it cauld successfu�Iy be dane. Except for C�.irtis Strattc�n (early 1850's) no one had attpinpted to prove the ziver navigable above Scottsburg: "As the main artery of the valley, the aavigability of the L7mnaua was forrnerlv discussed.and Curtis Stratton attemnted to damonstrate the�feasibility of running �latbaats �.aden with agriculCural produce down the river to Scottsburg and there selling the vessel foz w�at the lumber would bring, having no hope of being able to ascend t:�e river with any cratt. This bold navigatoz made his experimental vovage zn a small skiff, manned by two or thzee persans, and for the sake af impressiveness carried a flag and a tin horn whose tootinas resound�� through the wooded hzlls and rocky canyons of the 3� .� � � � �:-s =s . -- �fii::: -G�� e �;"f`•g_ ;IC f }y -..3� _ �r'� � � � ��Y ,�� ;�, ��= � �, . � �� .�� _�-r - -, �•�; . '+ " ' . � �� y Y � y .' _ 4 �' ��)F {- !t� r .�...,5 � 1 �.�.� � �.: °r'� - ti•'' w � � }a' � r ��.�'y j ,1� �-` - ' , �' � t��'�.! 1 .-.- ... ' �� . } 'v s%� M,` 1+7 . •- 1_ .+. -. , . � � • � r,.4 r� t .�. .y w ti: i � r� . � ' ' � �� • . ' ' ' ' � `« . `!��^• ' • ti � .�^ "� .. ._ - ' `ri4 .� -I.�C:M-� i �.:5 _.. .,.� � : � � .. �� ` ,;��_�.�+�+� . . ' ...~� �n ��f..�G�`��i�.'�l��n:�yl1- ^.. .� �'� UMPQUA - And other vessels of transoortation on tne Lower LFmnaua. 6 39 � - � �'a �! .�• �.i. r� ,y��'� :7'� J , �r r Y � _ . , ' _ . _ ' -w ' " • . . � �;' ._�� #;1 ;?. .'_ � I [ � . 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'` . , ^ �✓l�i �- . lr'RZ"„�(T7� �_J � � bf �4 [ , _ �'"^'� ti . .� � a5 ^�--- � - � = -_-.-�- .»-�� y.:�--� .�..s� i►, �i � • C ��y�il =' -�' 1 � �„�� = �- 1 � � � � �' �� ' '� � �.-+ ��°`a"'�r _ R �� -. } _. . �, . __ �� I - . �t; � w" + .+��. s ,� — . �!--�•. ' "� •,�� . �::..i:.��" � ' +e' � t ' 4 � �.r � A,. '. . . y� v.i..r^�,�,�'� -.+-�� '.`+'.��'�� . ' - . ;y.v,r .. _ . � �� + ' � . �:�"'��r.Qas�" .+�Y�`F�.�''�- . . , . _. �..��.��-fS�► T �- �7�� 7 � �i�i g _ ��---r,�. . �.�� LT�� ` � �� -_ � ��'�� '� ��r -_' _ '��r�jr� ' - i — '� _ ' 0 ROS�BURG - Comrmanity Fair, on1.y access to the fairgrounds was by boat. 4Q � ; } � �__�.^1�.�._._. �� ' ' ' �� * 1- K � i' • i � � ±� J' � r � �� ..�'- '�1;� . � � _ ,� � �G��.��i:� �r��,� ��L� , ' �� ~� � -. } �� Y_ _. ,' `" ._- y �� ^ ��}Yw1 �'. . - _"• �'i��r ' . . � • � , , � � � �. _ :� :�y-,__..Y �^� _ �. . — , � _ j�_�..�� . - a .� � t r = - _ _ f ...l � —��• _ ._ , =�� `. �` _ _, . ' , - _ - .- - - - - � �_-- �_ _ - - - _.,_� r_ . - � _ �. _ , _ . ` �� r` _ � � _ �. . - -- - � � �� , � � _ _ _ . STEF�� -�estless, note the lumber, passengers, and tne sice boat for tra:�s�or�ingnassengers �� shore. 4� ;_ �1 ;�� `:` � �� Y , L ;. �. �� `� � J�_� �" "`� 7 � �, r � � , � . r�x' 1� � 1 y _ 1 �� r � ` � . � .++�'rti '� �'�,y �� '�.� }.. . I .r . �,� � 4 •' • �-`� ,ri r�'s`.F -� � �� ; . � i ��. Z"''�., ��s...-..� �'}"-� .a s I � � .�. '.r� ^� �`;. �� + ti " � 6 ° �' � ,�,A ,. � , v , "MF"'#'�� k - � '�' 1 �1u.r��yc�S��" „„ �, � y'' : ,'. � � �..� ,.��`�' � `''{},- -� �+ � _ j .��.f'v' � �iw y .. - � ., �� 1 � �� ' I . . Y+ � `"" � _ � I`7�r4`r . . . 7°. � ti� '� 'T�� ' � � � "F -- r... ' +.Y � � ."�._ .�. � ,� _ �. - �- _ �_ - � � � � =�# � � � �� , _I•��. z� �v�ii �'i�:� L � ��`- _ _ _�� - , �-��_ -�,...1 _� ��r � 4�� '�.., ,. _ _ ; � �� - � '� _ � ; �,,,��=�=. : ~ �. ` , �. "`., . � ,��,, r � �;: -� �-. + � _ . � a`-.-,�:�:=�� t- " � .:s. "'. T" ��,,,� `y --�- - - , 3 �w �t.: �'*__ �..� ... _ _ . : � STEA�R - G. C. Lindauez at Reedsport �ock. 4 ti Umpqua. �heir renart af the difficulties th ey encountered destroyed all hoDe of navigatin� the river, for t:ze time at Ieast, steam xwer nat then �avina entered into the ca3culation." "In the I850's, shortly after Scottsburg became the trading center of Oreqan's southwest, a few L7mpqua settlers had visions, dreamed of ways ta eliminate the �ang £riegnt haul from shaps to inl.and points. Suggest5.ans were made that the [3mpqua's rapids cauld Ioe aavigated to Canyonvil�.e by using flat-battomed boats. Curtis Stratton, according to recards, was first to make the attes�pt. Using a boat of sahllaw draught, 5tratton and two comnanions embarked on t'�e downst;eam journey. Z'he deck was Zittered witl� agricu�- tural produce, from a short mast fluttezed the stars and stripes, and at each �arn�ouse he biew impressive b�asts from a tnanpet. His expedition, nonetheless, soon came to grisf on mcks, and his dzsas�er, for a��ime, ended further attempts to navigate ti�e uAper Umpqua." P.�ang with the gzowing enthusiasm caine publi� meetings where citizens pledced bath financiaZ aid and iahoz, Here agazn, reports vary. Some sauzces state that Captain Nicholas Hahn (his name has been given as Hann, Haun, and Horn) orcanized the L7ntnqua Rivex Steam Navigation Comcany (not registered with the Corporatzons Cammission) and set the wheels moving t� tize navigatian plan. Qthers indicate th at the plan was already organized and they had solicited the expertise of Captain Aahn and chaztered the st�rnwheeler "Swan": "Accarding to historian A. t�. wal3ing, the nossihility of naviaatinq the [Impqua River a.bove tidewatez was ta3cen seriaus�y enough be some prominent citizens �iving in the znterior valley to lead them to fozm a stock cnmpany. This comnany was incor- porated for 1�,�00 dollars and callec� the �erchants and Far*sezs Navigation Company.. ...In the fall of 1969, t}iey procured the small stiernwheel steamer, SwAN, and'hired Cantai� Nic3�olas Haun (sic) to ready it foz a vayage up the Umpqua, hopefully as far as Canyonville. "The decZine af the gold fields in the R�gue River country reduced the ir�s�ortance of the rou�e, but settlers alang thE upper Umpaua were nuzneraus enough azid vocal enouch to demanc3 service. Not much was left of Scottsburg; in Z86�., a£lood came rainping down the canyan and took the row of warehouses and refined deadfalls b_y the bank and a�mast everyth�.ng else in town, excent bui.ldings that had been perche� high on t3ze s3ope. But Nicholas Haun (sic) had an idea that eventua�ly becazne a steamboat, Haun urged tf�at if a steatnnoat couZd reach Roseburg at Ieast once, perhaps ari appropriation might be obtained to clear and deepen the channei for other steasn- boats, whzch, in turn, wouZd bring prosperity to the whole region by prpvidina the farmers wi`h an out�et to mazket their ctaps. Cost of transportation wouid fal�., and the whole valley would f�ourish. Haun organized the L'r.�paua Steam Navigatian Comnany and went to work." 43 "...Citizens tiried to prove t�se channel of the river navi- gable. Cantain ?iahn pi�oted the Swan upriver as far as Rose- burg to demonstrate its feasi.k�ility. An attempt to abtain a government appropriation to zmnrove the channel was unsuccessful. 'I'hen the Merchants and Farme�s 23aviaation Company was organizad for the Qurpose of fu,rthexing navigation."�� A],though the proper sequence and information concerning the "credit due" far those instzLUnentaZ in promoting the idea of navigating the unper Umpqua Ra.ver conflicts, the fact re�nains that Cantain Hahn played an important xole in the creation of a plan for the economic develog- inent of the area, hincad sa�ely on the success af a sma31. steamer's tzip up the Umpaua �o Roseburg. "5o the Swan was built to go ta P,nseburg. From Gardiner she set out on hez^ voyag� upriver on January 24, 1870, and got to Scottisburg, a feat not particulazly notahle because any steaan- baat coe�ld do it. Beyond Scottsburg she was on her own an� promptly ran znto some rocks, sraashed bath her z and had to tie up to a handy tree by the bank while the crew bui.�.t new ones. That took a fu31 day. but on the next she got �o Mill's Ferry, twenty-two miles uoriver from ScotLs�urg. 2'her� },he boiler gave trouble, and as the rzver contined Iow, without a normal. stage of water, her captain turned her back to Gardiner wnere she waited three wee�cs before trying again. T:ie secand time she had better ].uck, on�.y }cnocking' o�f oae rudder and breaking hez capstan. �3ndeterred by such minor � irritants, the Swan swept on up the Umpqua and made�zt to RQSeburg, taking a. mere el.even days to cover the 1.ess than one ?nundred miles. Swifter navigati.or► has hees� recorded, and swifter travel ashore---a man on hors�back couZd have made it in a couple of days, and a�eam and fann wagon in faur or f3ve. S�iZZ the Swan was under a handicap; she had to s'tick to the river. Zf she had been abie to go ashore an� cut across the fi.elds she would have travelled a aood deal faster. It is not exact3y truthful to say that she navigated the Umpava; part o£ the way she walked and a fair share of the way she was hau3ea bodily alang, especia�Zy where the rzver was sa shallow that anyone wt�o fe13 over'aaard from here was 3iat�I.e to raise a claud of dust when he 3anded. Urged by rones tied �o trees and wound on the canstan, by pzy-bars, and �y teams of hozses brought down to help by tihe farmers a].ong�th� river, the Swan inched upstream. Why Haun (sic) failed to jack hez ap and put rollers under her is hard to _Y � exnlain; maybe, in x"act, ne dici. But ne made iz, acc�aimea by crawds the length of t�se river." "In 18�D great excitement was caused a�ong the ri.ver above tidewater. A small sternwhee�ez,the 5wan, navigated by Cantain Hahn (Nichalas Hahn or Haun?) made its way up the river from Scottsburg to Rnsebur�, tastinq possibilities of making this a� a commercial waterway. Tfie rapids, shallow gravel bars and narrow bedrock channels made the river imnractical for commezcial use. However, the �oat made the entize trip, stapping at ntunerous places to let peop3e take rides, An over nia�t stop at Smith's Ferry culminated in a dancing party.� "Z`he Swan made a notabie ascent of the tlmQqua Ftiver to Rase- buzg with the assistance of a donkey engine, �n a laudable attesnpt to prove the thnpqua navig�6le and to secure a congres- sional apnropriatzon of $�o,aoo "Captai.r� Hahn pil.oted the Swan upriv�r as far as Rcaseburg to demonstrate i.ts £easibility. An a�temnt ta ok�tain a govern- mentaZ apprapriation ta improve..."�� "The hi.storic nesse2 made its first attemat to ascend khe river in January 1870. 5he met wikh some aifficulty abaut one mi�e above Scattsburg when hEr rudders were broken by striking a submerged rock. The boat was tied to a tree on the bank while the crew made repairs, which took a fuZl day. '�he voyage continued to Mills Ferry, now the site of the Esthez wells bridge, six miles southeast of E�.kton. fiere her boilers were giving tzoub3e and the water was getting 1ow, t�ie captain took the craft back to Gardiner and postpaned the voyage three weeks. Accarding to Mills, a second start was made on February 3D, ax�d the voyage was coQro3eted in eleven �ays; however othez saurces say faurt.een. When the Swan arrived at Roseburg, th� water level dropped and stranded the boat an a sand bar for two days; then the ziver rose and f7.oated the vesse3 free. Cantain xaun (sic} had the d�stinction of being the on3y man ta navigate successfully a vasse3. the size af the 5wan £ro�n S�ottsb+�g t� Rosenurg under its own power."�$ ABOUT Tf� SWAt3: The Swan was a waoden-�ulled shal].ow draft sternwheel steainer built in I869 by Hiram Dancaster in a sma1.1 shipyard across the r�.ver from Gardiner. 'I'he sma�l steamer was huilt for the Umpqva Steam Navigatzon Campany, organized by Captazn Hahn.�� T�e Swan measured I00 feet in ].engt,h, wiLh an 18-faot beam8� drawing 13 inches� and disp3acing 13i tons.$ The s�eamer was powered by a pair of horizontal steam engines (50 h.p.} purc�ased in PortZand from the old steamer Union, brokea u� t��,. i ocn �_r�__ _,__ Ad ia�c iia i�� ai�.�� i18di1V I]lI]C yen.rs OCl L17E TdIIl11j11 itiver) .- Af�ez the 5wan`s famous trip up the Umnqua to RQSeburg, renorts indicate that she returned to the Scottsburg area and was pu� to wor4c on short hau3s for several years. With the dissolution of the campany, Captain Godfzey Seymour, (who was part owner) secured vvossessi,on of the craft. Newspaper accounts trace the Swan to Coos Bay under the co�nand of Captain Baon. A Iater account reports on the beaching of the Swan near Marshfie.�d to be regaired and sold ;.o the Coos Bay Navzgation Y � Comnany in July of 1872. The last re�ort revea3s that the engines of the Swan will be used in a new huil and after its camp2etion in late September, the steamer wiil be used far trade between the different points on the Bay and Coos River. The oId hull will be in use as a wharf boat �ocated in Coos Say.� �6 . ��3L �S+ }7��(.'ve�7 �:?",.�.L:ieLT"s��: f°�i'�:.,4� ]tJ�ii eat�->:s)!`�*�=� -.� �.^}7�`?.T� =�?r�ui� ��#f_"'_ -_ '- - ' -- -- � '- - ----- --- - — - '. -'.---- . . — -..-�i.�.� _ .... . _ . ._. . . � - -----. . __. . _ . . . - 1 � �; Tr �` � �� ,4 } — C` . � � l � t �-'�.,, ! i !, � � .� f � �� y �.� �� ;� tS I;j �� y� `� � � ;,; ° ` •1 � � � � � ` ;�1 �� ^�; * � � [ M a a �� i . {'� �� l:l � , i Sr �� : � Cl �.i � -� I C'�3 3 �� :,} � j � .� � �� ` � �3 ~ �, � �`k �-! _ � � _ �' –�.� �-- .� �_ - .� =_ _ w�--�.�.-._._......._—=_...._..___-----= -----�-- -.—' ._ ...-. _.. _ .. _.w.--- --- --- , , -- ��-2`�:�:3T-�>f, , S%;•'�'- r �iL; ��'_i:l;.l� .>; �Siir . �� l`"u'i 1 � ��j _�. �..f.�.l.:'.��u'.i.�� J1�.��.,V � ] J. . c�w.a��,•,e..r��-r.r �..,o+s+�.vc �-: �rw�.=°� ..tsr--.u-�v-�e! a.-�sw�.r•.�R-.+..i+---�-�..��-'-^--��+.+ s - + +.�..�..+n±'_�._s.'__ . 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' �: u!�-trikct�•�l ��riist•it�:i�l}� L;. � . ��.�,� .. .. ............ .. � ni' tl:c ri� rs• �rr ttiro roc4:<, c:�n�l 1�L��li� r;��•r, iu:t•c ui�l�• 1,. _, ci�+nc ._�,.-�• '},,.:�:•!�e� ur iv�lct�; ��i' �,in�1-t��i�u �.cn:�c l�rt� i:r, a cli�ur.c�l ui� r❑ , �.f nici: S.; r�•:nt�,�.� ; rc��:lcr ,?[:�rr'. .... .... .... .... ..... , �•I:. 1c r:�� ,c� �,�:��t ��:>�•i�,�i�la, � • . .. ................. ' - . j 3 nt li� ti�cl tri�'r. j i; „�ar!i:^ nr�ti��ar: �ia��r; ` •. ji�lt`. :1 ru . • u•' 1ii�fu, � ';�r uS��u�t ��r�u in� u:i�,, i:i tli� ��a� �. 1 *, G(t,�,i j c:�', f•.:�,'.ic;�,l�, .u.. w,� , ............ ...... �� 1 �..1 ��s..}. ' � n•, �cr s•��r�, i..}U Fi�et ��i;, • �� ; l'� .... ........ ... � �l� ��ii ��C ;i�ur 1�c•��t aL'��'c � 1 ' :i�� i:ii -:��'-. :;�>t,, i . r;i:l ., '� au�l :sl�oi�6 1� iiu•k�e, i:i�;�, i' ;, �. � tii•ut l•• ' x 1' `C . �. IIn �Ci'.t'-l::li�•I' , i:: �l'� {1'�7111 • . •� ....... ... .... . ' i,�.;r.�, !. zi�i!c��,�L:�cE� iL•� 3ni�uih 1u': iue:i�::riii� ;i��tst 1S{ culi:c r:�rsi-.'. .•.t � ii �,; 14�i� l�ni��;=:i !��: �:�1 . ' .'��I��U �;�ne. �;,u:u�.ru� 'l�lsc I��rca• ui:e ia :�'.�i:t�G �+? �ls�s�i:-''.. i;'� �l, I:,:: r�-i�� t�rcnt�• S'•� � i�r1•inil'y. :1�:��!IL �'� i]1�1�'a i:ll':�:4'I" . ` _ • ;crt lo�•lu�,ti' �L� ii�.� n::a ,(',.,.t � I,ul ��, tiu:z:•r -t:ti,� �;i' t1i�� I u,3�. li•s':�iwul i.�'�,[��:�il. �f _ . . � �. . I i� '':i ti�ct Ion�„ G f,��t n•i�l�•� rs�,�,r i, r;s�„ ,��>��it i��;u• ;�•rt C::�ti�s.,:�'� �:,;��,• �:��,�.:,..... � • ' � . 'l��ic n:i�:r.iri�iz�;•�s �t� Elif; i�,i�'i �;i• i ' c iL: �, • :sS�,l :tLu::t l:; isiclii�: lii,,l�, :i l� u �. I�•��Ci�[r rl:i,r, tit I;irli , ii�.ii� �c<��i1�1 r�•�l�:r�> �hc l��c�l 1'i`t•�_,'�l 3 st;C'i:•ti;in�, alwut 7 cc:l:ic ��:tr�t=, ��uiiliuiu,: =;.r :iL��,�� :�•ii i•„vt�tli:' f:r::n.: t,.i,�}._...._. ... . ��c:'l::�i::; i'_ii �:i�� i�lfs, .,ii .��. � . , .. ... ��1'!u: n;��n•r i�r�� i' tli� t�cu �r�x•f:� m:1 tt�:�� ,�oirin:; u r;s iiis;v ii:c• • 'ii�i� a�n��it i� i�; ; -:iii�,:�;�� >:sci� ��: tl,c i��i,.,��i.!` . � riti r, l' :I:; iu ri,rt•tiu•� ;i �. � �1::� ��Cl`ll �'�;II'll�i��?' 1'�t11V\'l':1 �1� ��Ij� �'C Il:il L�:C - ti'�_�,1i�;(! � �, [�:c � iu�•��ii:i ��;;II��.,' :�l��u�� ['„r li".' i�i;i�tim� ; iL u��.. lin:il i•nul� ' < ; _�.� ��•.::C r::� fi,ri�i��r1�' :iu�.�uG l �:s�:c uat. :�l �r� iii a ric.^.i�ii ;��:n� :�cc i n��ti3�l �u��r�� 1{i:u:l 1i�•.: ti��t kis�li. C':tl.t;iiziI�•i;;:i �:i}�=`;:?1 1,�� tr�.•}_��l u�' Il�� it;ti �c:s•s•�• [��r��_�it. t,i:ii i:��; i� S'�,: tlic r•:::�u�al u[ llo: uli,lru�- ''::��_, , :,,,��,su•, � i" - I it' llsr�c 1u'u rnr�:. ar;' r�cn�n�'c�l, ., '1'i:i� 't�:�-� li��rcl��i� 4, _�i�:�,;:, I��•;�irt � � iiir�:•. ' • � ' .. t _ , , a is:ici�:it:r Rr� i,i�: 1�,1��i�� v.'ill li_ li:ssit. u'rcr �i 1�::�i �,•:i�,��;s � !�:u•.l. •`e '',� cs,'.;i, �'�" ' (.'<<l. 1'��illi:�i:irs�si - rr�r:rt i� �un:i`-' ;:1�., .... iL tsi;I ��;irc; :� rl�,�sit:cl :�U ��tir l�:�it;i�i� a'a:s:it I�,s�:s--I�r; �;�: _ �li�;'� rt�i��•r � r :�;::,i�.:i:l >n ��•' .rli:�t !�•�s�,t! ltsil i� �cs��' iuiui�ic !'C�L �si�?�• iit it; tiat'ru�•.'i"� P:irt. lit' �.c1 `;i1 ic,� Iuti. �Liii� t":j.�;�l; �ri� , ni'i� ,�� il�r �'::i;:.�. I �rn3 r��:c:' ,i t�i�•• ��:�t:�il: c�f rc-� I��c:-1;:".�ls:re��st� il�C 1':•Il•.'�' t,�r S!i;� 1�''�'-�u: �'�•::r. '�1�:tin ,.�: �•��:�;'. ��.si ui•:t - • ri�e r,�r�;� :i��c iu:iri:ct; .'t :tt:,t 3�. r�,r,�i,in;_• r i' �,�;�>��I, L.i�•� :i::�! ��:f. �...:.�.��::I:; � i' �:i:-tr,<< .uirc:l tti I�r r�i•nr lL� �:�'cr. , . . � ' I i:tl•u. �c��s•.' i.JLJ IU��<• ii��•�'i:l�U:•i= 11::Y1;_:i:'�'�ilti��ts�:':�'�i'. I �;ic;r.�� `�:iti�'•;�r � 1�:iS�i,E, r ,�� r.�- � i t , � 's�'c •_i�'r ii �;,;��'I: � � ' {'„r lL.^'r,:.::� •. . , , �•[��rl �'� , ;ISl��S 41�1 [,IC 1':�'�S'� :!ti illRl', ��,��Il:i S;•11� f��fC iJ ',��1' !tt'_TC•;:; ��i� 5.:� l�s:.�• ., C'.�i.�t�•t:�i�, I rC'tcii :�I;. ri.i..-ii� rrtiir��•: �..� Si�c ��:r�!�•�.� ir��:'�.i c•�:ia��.^.:�:.. .,, �rc•!I i/`rr„rl,i; 1", 1� �1. i ,<<�•r' ��ti�:li. ��'��.. I�nL �'t.ic��iii�'t•�I �•�'?:�'�� .'; I�';��, �.t tl'.. ..:�;�•�, �i �.'r:�:�� -� � . i�i :iz•i��r u�i:ii � - - . _ � u:i[ t��i:i li.0 f:c�� °v:;ii::i„r i:ii 1��r•. ; �, i:h�• ��nl�•r �:i' �iic� ('i�i�C �;{� i::i- I`crc llic l�c�i a>t ilic rit�i�r 1'r�" i ns;��inu i: r:a.; r� �uir[r�I ,.::t: ti;: -cr�::•,:t, ,: �i:i��l 11'::-1iii��i�, ,f�.i�s,c•nl�.Ili��:inir�c�n��r,�l f��:iSiu�: :i,, �:�Ilr�• r�a:tain.��l l.;:i,�1 ��?.�;'�.' ._... �'. �j ' �':iL tl�: v�l�c•; r:t�.i��. l;;rrr:;I ln�,. . l,�ai:: I�..li�.. i, ,.i , l, _'.'1� ., .r'; . ; . �:,i�, i :�� ii:_� ini� . ��i' �, , i�11�� C :n . � ' ' �' ''. �. I�h:• -�tr','^,� �;I� 1lu� i ii��,.��,ci l.i•. � r, � tr,iLi�r r.i:u;�• ra :tilinui .i�l t'�•i•I n�,�I:�� : crvi:l:i.n -l:� -•,u�` ��•rr.} t:•s ' ��-�_�� - a�i� l� a l�c�� li �.t' ,;siui�t�_�u� rn:l. � ,�li�:s i:��i �. t . � � ll ��. f Jrt�n�or�, :'.��I ��i�!:�is�•lioi�, �ur i:.� in• I . , c•rul�i:n�ir_ . .:r: ��i� r.'lii.�.i 'i r.:. i I'l�� __ _.. I'��rv�i i�� I; „i' �1�1� ic;�i:rr :;i:,! �:i§��nL Ci�tit� i�•ct I,i.,,�, :in�l i�i �u.uc j�till: ��in�-t::;r�l i>- ::r-:��!��, .:,�� l�:c•' � �lr;:� � .�iL�� ;:i'tic�. - r:��i:i;��I, :�.u�l , i'Ini•i�� l;,ll ir��L tit't<:c, ��I•,rccu thr � '3��,., �.;�; : .:;ii. � � I ��;i:!iir.��i :tn�3 :L�,ri•. :•;��:'.r Il;c• rri=i�iii:;l�r �;r:i-�', 1:ilj• :�i:�l ��ui�.r _ ,. /:':,••' •,:�.�, � � i�� ,�i�,i3iiE :�! :;!1 l�:�rl�' �iri ; a �,r,�. i ;�.��„��, ii:t,.��j ��rii:��•_'. :'is.�rr . '�,., S::o��i r-;i�i�:�li• ti�i rri�•r, Ici', i��•_ � lnt:cr c•iz�l ut� 'S.� r:t��i�l Ihi' rli-�iu;rl , .. : . , i L ` . ,._; �� ; ,�,�.! i . �I� �;�••t�lc '!ii. I:t:•.:i• �i�;::si:ili' � I , i.! ' �:ii,f I�i �'i�� :11'�� lr:.� rrii:�n:�i� "'' i-�lfil:'ir[r (ii:i�i�ruL �:i irrl 7IS til'1•'ll�. , ' „ �.� � 1�1 I:Ilti�. �il;irll .i�il i'� 1,. 11�11�('�, �.��l:i'i: - i...�-��• � f1:i�� lii ,Li�,it i�� il�r I�,il�ini:i,,! �� lii:i: tol .i5;i �ri:�r�,;•�1',. �:�r j�:��:t�r�i_'c•, ��. i i. ��[� ��ic•' ...� , � . � .�� I� u'liii�iit':ik�-r•l�i��r��ialt'.t��ti::ti. `�:�ll�� c�l:,��::s I�i�il li l:. i'��,ci�� . , `,.� . �.i, ,l, � ,��,�, , � ' . i �',� i : •�i: (�'lii i 1�.iL':1'�I:I�I'� �.� f'1lI�,�' � . _ . �, L r��l� - 11•�� 1'�1'!'.'. l 7.j..lin� u�� i �, II:11�1'��l'�I. �i,'^li!i' I1, �ii'rt�.'I'�.t`i'I�l' \, �.��t`i!, a � i��. .:��. :� , i�i.ill i.:.�l, t��:i� ;�� '. i�i.� „ ,. I I. i:� �, ,� i I:� ,. �r u��l tl,ri �• : �..'.i. l . ,� i i,,r t�..�.�:_t�� ' i� �; ��.�I•�� '�.� ; ii��. :tu�l i � i:rr � , I� I 1: lio.� i��iif� .i;i��: tu� '. i 11 _ ,� � . .. i�i� ;iic• �:at i i � iT,�•� . f:�r i;�ti � i l, �:: r�.::i _. : i I-, .,;. � , i��r�i� �•n, r'iu, �i I .,� �ii. t:ii�,,, tl,t i,ii,1�;,�1i.�. •�. �� , . , �.... . �.I „f ��•�•�o�itii�,., �.o��l -, n :..; : .i., � l i ui;�_ h'i�uiici� . I .. 1 �' , i- ��n . ni'. i�i��i, ��n 11� i:�� I uil� I ' li,•n, il��it i .. , .,� � I r�� ,.� ,li. 1;,, tt il_li �i,�ti r, i ,� „a��,�� n'i'�'� \ � � . i. ..,� „ �. � . , , , ., -'i' €' , NEZ45PAPER ACCO[J2ITS RO5EBURG ENSIG�T - 3anuary 35, 1870 "LAUNCHED - By private advices from Gardiner City, we learn thaL the new steamer "5wan" has been 3.aunched, and is waitina for a rise in the river to make her first trip. 2'he cuestion, as to steamboat navication on the Umperua, will be 3ikely to be salved very soon." 89 �tOSEBURG ENSIGfI - February 26, 1870 "Cfl�iING - fihe latest advices fzom the steamer Swar�, represent her as k�eing some distance above the, Little Canyan, and on lzer way un. The rain that has fallen durina the oast few days is £avarab�e for the project, and popular faa.th in Captain Haun's ability to brir{�her as far as thz.s place appeai'S ta be on the increase." RQSEBURG ENSIGN - !�arch 5, 1870 "TF� STEAMER AND F�R TRIA� TRIP - The steamer Swan, the first to traverse the Umpgua river above 5cottsburg, was built by the Umpc{ua Steam Navigation Company, foz the express pearposa of thorouah3y testing the navigabi3ity of this ziver. She is one hundred feet in Iength, �wenty feet wide and three and a halt feet in depth of hoZd, insi.de of the keel. Her engine is fifty horse gower. Captazn Haun, with the enezgetic crew wha valunteerad to shaze the hardships and perils af the experiment voyage, started on the 14th, and though they bzoke t3ze carasta n and ruddez, occasionina a 3oss of over £ouz days, they arrived at Rosebura with the boat in perfect order on the 25th. The distance is a3�out one hundred and eichteen miles, one hundred miles of which has never befare been navigated by a craft larqer a ski£f or an Indian canoe. At the time of her arrival at this place, the water was about two feeC and one-ha].f above low water mark, and Lhe river belaw the �unction or tlie ivor�tiz and Sou�n iorics was not mare than faur feet abave low water mark. The Umoqua is higher than this the greater portzon of the time _`ar six months in the year. Capt. Hac�n renorts the most difficult points on the passa+3e as being Sawyer's and Miils' Rapids, at the fozmez af which some wor3c was dane, Iast fall, toward imprcving the channel. 3'he following are the naraes of the gentlemen who manned the steamer: Capt. Haun; R�bert eood, mate; A. L. Spencer, 4 a William Wade, James Caschath, Alfred Ree�e, �arzy Rinkey, Peter Nelson, Edward Hair, Joseph Blain, James Graham, Peter fiart, 3. MeMerrick, Edward Drien, Wi3liam SeaZ, ,7ames Sawyer, Jacab Sawyer, E. H. Buchard, J. Jenkins, George Kurermey, Jaseph F2oberts, C.W. Baker and Frederzck Si�nons."`� ROSEHURG BNSIGN - March 5, 1870 "Having decided to start on his return trig on the morning o£ the 28th, Cant. Haun was impar by ouz citizens to make a short excursion up the rivez on the 27th, tio which he kindly cansented. Accordi:ngly, at about 11 A.M., the Swan steamed gracefully up the river, with about two hundr�d of our people an board. She passed the �irst rapids ahove the Owens' Ferry without difficu�ty, and nro-ahout a mile, to a point, to pass which it would pzobab�y have been necessary to nut out a line, where she ptit about and returned to the Ianding. Tne passen- qers, some af whom had never before been on board a steamboat, were delighted with the trip; and be€ore going ashore a meeting was ca3led af which the secretary furnished us the follaw�,ng renort;..." ROSEBURG EiVSIGN - March I2 , ],870 "�tIVER NAVIGATIQN - The experiment of navigating the Umpqua river may now be considered completel.y successfu3. It is true that but one tria has been rnade by the steamboat, and that a single trip does nat, necessari3y, nzove the river ta be practicably navigable. A trip might have been made a� a time af �igh water, and the circtunstanca afford no index to the capacity of the stzeam for practicaZ navigation. But the experiment was successfully made when the water was at an average heigi�t for the winter season, and with less dzfficulty �han t.'tie most san guine frzEnds of the enterprise ever antici- pated. When Captain Haun explored the river, last summer, he said that a steamboat could be brought to this p3ace an seven or eight feet abave the then present low water, and if nothing better than that had been ac:sieved we shauld still �iave had some reason to hope foz benefit from it; but the first was made on less than five above Iaw water mazk, proving that we have not to depend �gon occasional and uncertain freshets for water sufficient to give us the benefit of steamboat tzans- �ortation, but that we may feel certain of t:�at �lessing For about seven months in every twelve. The only diff�culties encaunter�d, causing oeril or delay, were such as a moderate Qutlay will remove, and when those rocks aze once rer,zoved the channel wi�l fozever remain open. 'T'here is little doubt that steamboats will run on the river, as far as this place, during every winter in the •_`uture, and the neoale of this valley want, and are zl�out ta ask for, an anaropriation from the General Government, to :nake that navi- gation more safe and easy than it is at nzesent, by various �c improvements in the channel. It has always been the pol�cy of the Government to extend aid for such purposes, whenever the necessity and advantaqe ot such aid has been fairly demonstrated. And the instances are rare indeed, in which a moderate outlav wi�l result in so gzeat and germanent a benefit to the country as will be the case from a reasonable apnro��ation foz the imnrvvement Qf the channel of the Umpqua River." g3 {' 50 LETTERS Ai�IA D�ARY ACCOUtiTS Wra.tings of Claude 2"nampson : "When the Sternwhee�er, 5wan, ascende� the LTmpqua River on her his'toric voyage, Louis Tho�pson.was plowing in his field and heard the whistles of the approaching boat. He 1ef� his tieam as was (hitched to the plow) and rode the baat from there to RQSeburg', and no one }cnew wherE he was untiZ his return. Qf course, �ome of the o�der boys in the family took care of the team. " Diary af Juc3ge Thomas Smith of Winchester: "Saturday, Feb. 26th, 1870. "Tending sheep and sozted some apQles. Rained all the forenoon and showery all the after- noon. The steamboat Swan arrived at Reseburg last ev�ing about six a'c3oc3c, the first steamboat ever there...' � Letter fzom J.- H. Dixon to Binger Hermann, �ated 9 Qctober �923: "A boat was bui�.t and manned by the (Gardiner) mil� crew, �calZed the Swan, and it succeeded in reaching Rosehurq in �.870. I was then operating a sawmill with W. P. Clark in Coles val].ey. I came on the boat from Coles valley...with a fa,ir amount af water in the rzver, so that we passed over all the rapids in the river with 1itt3e lining, tying up just below the faot of Donglas street, receiving an enthusi- astic recegtian fzom the towns peop3e...Sunday marning most of the towri went aboard and the baat steamed up to where the foot bridge now is. 5dme freight, such as bacon, flour and tea was taken aboard anc3 on Monday morning t.he 1.ines cast off for t�ie return tzip, a,mid shouts af the papulace. I left the boat at Co�es val3ey."g� Lillie L. More Manus�ript, nages 142-143: "Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Moore and two daualnters and soon were also among the number to welcome the steasaer "Swan". The pri.vilege was given the school children to baard the steamer at the ferry s�ig at the foot of Oak street, and have a short ride, presumably to 5heffield's• The rapids, however, a short distance sou+�h o£ town were not passable and t:�e "Swan" turned and came back ta r�e staztissg point." � The trip upriver had started an Februazy 14, 187�, and after 11 days (six of them strenuovs navigation),g the Swan steamed gracefully round the bend and whistied to an enthusiastic crowd of townsneople as she tied un just below the foot of Douglas Stzeet at appraxiinately six o'clock in the evening of Feb ruary 26, 1870. Sources disagree about the amount o£ time, trouble, and relevance �f the 5wan's tri.p up the Umpqua to Roseburg. No one ever again made the attem�t to navigate the upper reaches in a steamboat. Whatever the historical sources claim, the Srran did in fact (whether actual.ly or technical].y} navicate the Um�qua ta RQSeburg and remains to�ay the only stearner to make �his historic trip. Shortly after the Swan's initia� voyage, the Mer�hants and Farmers Navigati.an Comnany was formed (April 22, 1870). The company was incor- pazated for the sal.e purpose of navigating the tlmpqua River from Gardiner to Canyonville. "The name af this carporation shal� �e - The Merchants and Faxmers Navigation Company - The entergrise in which this corporati�n proDOSes to engage is the navigation of the [3mpq�o� Ri.ver £zom Gardiner to Canyonvi3.le, Douglas County, Oregon. The company ixnmediately engaged the sezvices nt Captain Hahn, and the construction of a new steamer began under his watchfu� eye. Tl�e new steass�er would have special features incorparated intc �he hul� Lo aseet difficulties of swift Kater navigati�n and wvuld be named the Enterprise, In the meantime, Colone3. R. S. williams and Lieutenant Heuer £rom the IIniLec� 5tates Crogs of �gineers had zeceived orders to make a survey af the river and to determine its navicability status {Septer.iber 2, 1870). This they did and their report (December 12, I870, C:�ief of Engineers R�nort) conc�uded that the river cou3.d be made naviga��e sevea months out of a year with a depth of faur feet above lo+�r water for approxi- mate3y $22,000, They further jus�ified the project showing the savings annually in �reight costs r�auld compensate the expenditure for the i�nprovements. t,�ith the completion af the steamer Enterorise, t�e Merci�ants and Fa_�ers Navigation Comnany c#irectors advertised their tariff charges " from Gardiner: "To Scottsburg three dollars per ton; to Calapooia ten dollars; to R�sehurq t+aelve; and to landings above the latter Qlace fourteen do].�ars." The rates down river were jc�st on�-half the upriver tolls.i� 5hakedown trips were made, and not until a high water neriod in February of 1671 did Flahn attesnpt the ascent to �seburg. � "The compa�y soent 58,000 to bui3.d a steamship for navigating the �nper U�pqva. This boat, the E� terprise, was finished in 187D, but it was not until Februazy, 187I, tha� the fizst trip was �sa�e. Captain Hahn (or Fiaun) took the vesse� upstzeam above Sawyer's Rapids, but there he found the water too shallow for further progress and returned to 5cottsburg. He �nade no more trzps, �� "THE STEAMER - We learn that the new steamer Enterprise started for this Alac� during the raise last week and came as far as "Sawyer's Rapa,ds" hut finding the river fal7.ing, returned �o Scattsburq. "Sawyer's Rapids" are said to be one of the worst a3aces on the rivez but the steamer ran over them without the aid of a line."� "About the first of Februazy fal�owing, the Enterr�rise �eft 5cottsbc�rg on her first trip up the rivez, ana ascended beyond 5awyer's Rapids, but finding the water diminishing. she retuzr,ed to Scottsburg, and made no further effort." Fts it has been inti�ated, the Swan was built for navigating the upper reachES of the Umpqna soiely for the purpose af i,a�pressing Congress that the river was navigable and wor�hy vf congressional approval for iiaprovements. In this respect �he trip of the Swan was a success: "In ,Ianc�ary of 1873., the state J.egi.slature memoraZized cor,gress for an approprzation of $75,000 to improve the navigation of the �Jmpqua. ...Aided by the reports of the government engineers and the action of the state legis- lature, an appranriation was secured, congress qiving the sLUn o£ $22,000 for the purpose of removing ti�e obstructians to navigation. Ttiis took place in Mazc?�, 187Z.^ "RIVER I�ROVE2�NT - Lieut. Heur, of the Coast Survey Service, writes from San Fzancisco to D. C. McCallen, of this pZace, informing hizrz of the passage by Congress of the $z2,Sb0 appropzi- atian for improving the [hn_oqua river navigation. [ie enelosed the report of Col. R. S. Willamson to Congress, up4n the subject which we shall pub].ish in o�r next issue. we are confident fhat ere two years more have passed, Rnseburg wi�� have daily steam communscation with the coast for seven months of the year. Farmers PLANT GRAIN!" t3ow that the money had been appropriated and would saon become availaiale, the task of determinznc proper handZing of the funds became ar► impzotant county project. Contracts were eventually �et and w. B. Clar�:e of Raseburg won the award (on the de£ault of a William TurnhulZ : The fund was made a�ai�.ab3e and a contract was �.et fos removing obstruction fram t� most dangerous raoids; W. B. CZazke was paid 5�.4,D00. So far as known, the balance af �� the grant has never been drawn. At an interview in 1960, Rush R. Clar�ce, son of W. B. , confir:ned that h�s fat�er di.d this wozk, but cou�d not name the ainount of money invoived.�� "On t.he 12th af Augus�, after due advertisement, a contract was signed with W. B. Clarke, af RQSeburg, Oregon, for the blasting of rock from the variot�s ranids, at $6.95, coin, per cubic yard. The work for the contractor, which was the removal of �,888 cuhic yards of rock at fifteen different points, was iaanediately lai8 out. fihe work was pressed with great nigor Y�y the contractor and completed during the month of �ctober." The work having been completed, now rests with questionable results. The project that started aut with high expectatians now seema�ing3y has not encouraged navigat�.on of the upper ri.ver. A follow- up survey was made and i,n the 1672 "Report of the Cfzief af Engineers" it was conclu�ed that no attemgts improvements of the T]mpqua of this nat�re shoulr� have ever �een attempted and further recommended that there be no additional aporopriation: REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF EPIGTNE�RS SPECIAL REPdRT ON THE IMARdVEMENiT OF TFfE tII�QUA RIVER, OREGON Apri� 6, 1872 "Sir: I have the nanor to subm�t th� foliawing spe�ia� repart upan the isnprovement af the navigation of the Umpqua River, Oregon. � My last report dated August 9, ].87Z, inclosed the report of my assistant, Mr. F. H. t•Test, on Ysis reconnaissance af the Canyon Rapids praposa3s for remaving the obstructions were advertised faz ,Tuly 25 (hlurrec�� newspapers in Partland, Eugene City and Rasebuzg. The bids, an abstzact which is inclased, marked A, were opened August 12, and the contract awarded to Wi�liam Tuzntau�l, at 55.73, coin, per yard, (Cubic) but failing to _�_� _� _� ��_ slgn th� CantraCt ti15 Qep45iL was 4eciared zo==eiteu, �u �� award made to W. B. Clarke at $fi.95 coin, per cubic yard. On the 23rd of August Z dispatched t�fz. Wes� to the U�n�ua F.iver Lo lay out and measure the work at a31 the rapids. Tnis duty was completed by the 16th of September, but wozk oa each ranid was comnleted as soon as laid out. J `� y .. � _ , �, s•.. , �: . ..' -� ^ � � 't'wL �-.� -�� .., Y :� 'rr � ...� '" _ ��. : ; . �. . *. r ,y 7. �' . J.�J, y • �'�l� . w ty�,.:•:; r r; . I ��, � VC.f. f� i! s_..;�, �1:.;',�` ' Y �1� � � ��.. '/ • ��+� s. <<'. {; :t r �.� `-' _� � . �'- -. � GOVERi11�NT CFiA�`rIEL I�.QFZT� - Ur;�pq_ua River, 189I. Diver, drecge scow, noistzng bucket. Dzver wauld place rocks and debr�s into bucket. �� -- --�-�.s«s-_-.,�•�` � �� f��f �E; OF P.EP°r:j�\'1:1TI�'E5. f 7;=. r -� � �n... . :ut�. .} _ — t ��i.2J,y, .�. .�, ; r � C ��: �c ._ :! , :; .� :y � .�f 1 s Y i . � . :� -..� � �t �� -; _i 3 ! i f � � .� 0 SUF.�TE�' dF �.lIPG2�� p�p7 Ol?EGUY. LETT�P �YO.Ii" - :�� 5�� , �.�.;u�� - � Pe�arf oj' �:�e s:arzey of �i�np,fu¢ Pizer (3regrrn. :��s�t.+pY I�, 1 �9+ 1 .—Eairsrad to �ha Commi�.Paon Rivan snd Hsrbon. �SP DEPIET�}� ;F"resliinqtun, Frbrirr�r� 1, I5'�)- '-�rt:retaryoF �Tzr >>as the t�nnar to trz¢smit to [hn Houaa or' �eo- _:.:;iti•�-., iri Gomt31i3ate �sitt� t�a rr��u€remants of t�e rivrr �n�1 _°:�cG uf 3u�i2�t �_, 1S�b, a Iet:er :'rom the C;hset' oY Ea;ir.-er�, .-• ::;[�c is�tiu�o, tu�e.��r n-i�h a �opc ui tLG reoort of' Cap�. T. t�, •�, ��1C(t� 4f� i.P.�!i.lc2i5 Il�][2 C�]@ 3ti;r@Y' �� p :. , � of �m�qna �„��er, ia ��+e ... "� Vc•� ;ou, bPt�seea Scotts��r�h eucl Tbe mu��, an�I also � conY .-�+-�•��F�rt i:i�oci tuz nr�?�min:lr�- P�:�mia:6tiou uf tl�e Ioc2titY. FL�.�rr��.a P�ocToR, ,�'tcreCcrr� ol �Pt:r. � � ��'F::iI,F.R Or^ Tu� $O�iSF. OF PLPp=s��•r� —� �T�iiC� QF T3£ {'iHLrF dr �, L'�;�T�:D s��ES .3��, }ti �. (i'.� cTiG)i7(f[1"'�� JI, 1.`�..;,'!). -'_ l L•:.ce t�� honor :� si:b�n¢t �erervi,c : co�y oi t�e re�ort az,ii ��•r uT' (; t11j){�1t3 �l�r;r� in t�e �t�ce ot' 0:e�on, be��r S' �• :I�� Li18 LIIl)lli. � T , � a 2�II CO:=�- h, � J�.nu:�r lo, 1u90, �:��c�e l�p �a�t. T. �`;". .�•��it;, Cuc•p� �iF E�_r��eer.�, to compl� trith tf�e reqciirec�eurs oi '' ;' �I1�,� �3:!I'J��i' 1GC J; �II�tl3t 11 ZJJ�. ;'�" ol'tLe rcr»rt u;�i�� tbe;�r�limin:�r•r �Y;?m:�.i. :C:.i� „g:k r,,,,..,- ^ :i � • i'CIlil1 1' �.:�� ' . • .�� .. �uc��n.�i:::4 e , 1.�.� ,; .lso }�ere�i:�. - � � ��C� t�hI' IiT2!]�'��?;�+Y!li �i3'VC1f22: ;�i�!' i�tl :'�!!1U1':t� Jf i't}1;�: �}�iT;- -' � �r�j�C3 [II t?10 ��L`:?:: E7;1a1'.1 : liElritv C�.11d ��;��i'?, �• � iu�r c�f n?,t;ii�;iL; :� �sl ��.�',rr�� ici wiut�� :tu�l Y;--� . .�� li,rr tir[i��r �l ::n r�ii�atr< � .� � - � I COai, l�f _ J,UUU. •-• I• �;"l;'� 1 'C;:Lr�'S f�:li�" iU iFlt' �7�1:'[IUiI (li ��!C I'IS'N[' �J?[STl':^`:S `l'Uii�- l�� i�� "�� i � � �� :;� � ! I� � � 1 �� ' � s;� � j 4 {I� A 1 � �" i 3 {#� ; � 3 3 i' 4 F.� : � ,��: �} ,: t �=. a� �:� �:, ,. �y� i t�� ;., �:.I� .� ;"1 �17�; f, �;;E �?i ;� ,.�;,�;�� ..,;; . t, _. ii �� ;�� . i; : �_;�:, � _ y s : :e : i- F+., ��! 'I` i�i� 4� :;=� .;j, i:� ;� � }�, � � t 1�! • i��:�� ; 1�� y L� 9�:� �'+, ; �, e''�- ► ; � � � i ��:� ��;-� � �� ` � �� ;� i . Ir}_ s ..,�: `; .,� ;� a f; , _ ��;�: 3 � =- � ' � ,: i � :; _. .,�� ±� :�;�.��-� :� = �-; i� � : • c �'�`'� ` �i:.] �,��.;: } :� t ,: �:� �S � , . y -:'. t .,.hR! s � � : � � � � 4 i � :� E :. �5 By paying high wages a large fozee was obtained, to the �etriment of �he railroad-contractars, and the work was vigorously pressed simuZtaneausly at aIl points. On the I�th af �ctober I set out with Mz. west to inspect the wark and make a personal examination of the river from Roseburg to Scottsburg. On tfze 13th we left Roseburg in a skiff, and arrived at Scot�sbuzg on the �Oth. As we lay over on Sunday, we were actually only seven days in descending the river. Aftar the descent I was no Ionger surprised at our ina.bility ta learn of any one who had ever been a1? the way down the -rivEr in Zow water. '�ie s�ream seemed to be a succession of rapids, with dead water between. Occasionally, instead of a rapid, wou�d be a vertical fal1. To me it seemed impossible for a steambaat to ascend the r�ver, even zf the watez were another 5 feet higher. Sti11 a boat had gone fram 5cottsburg to Rosehurg, and it seeme� to be the pzevailing op�aion among the people that it cou�d be made to pay �o navigate the river. I fosu�d that, with two exceotions, a�i the work laid out had been performed, ana these places were soon after worked to my satisfaction. I found seneral detached rocks in the South Fark af the U�nqua,�and some rocks above Crow's Ragzds, which it seemed necessary to remove, a3so an oId �aiZl-dam, at "Kellagg's" through which had to be made a cut of 5� feet. �I made �arxangements to have 'tr�is work done inunediately. There were many other places where Z thouaht wark would be needed, but as more had been done than was recommended by Calanel wilZiamson, or asked for by Captain Norn (Hahn), who co�nanded t�'�e Swasi when she went up the ziver, and as the Merchants and Farmers' Navigation Co�rtpany, organzzed on the pu�ase to aaviya�e u'�� paua, thau�ht n�thing further was . necessary, Z concluded to do nothing until I had an appor- tunity of seeing the river in its naviganie state. Tfze secretary of the Merci�ants and Farmers' NavigaCion Comnany, also had been esnp3oyed by the contractoz ta super3ntend the work, and thought there would be no trouble in navigatzng the river with 5 feet of water. Not hear9.ng anythinq f�om the company aftez the high water had se� in, Z wrote to inquire, and £ound that the steamer F'ntorr 1- 14.� Fd��e� � ` �* t �.. �.ti.,. re • � ;t- � .. �, c'..4�c,Tit+� �v }�aSS 4.1C LiiS� ia�iiu, Sawyer's, about twelve miles ak�ove Scottsburg, but that if I wanted to make the trial, the steamer was at my servi.ce. i iisanediately accented the offer, and left here March 4, for Scottsburq, where I arzivect on the 12th, having lost three or four days after reaching the Umgqua, in order to communicate with the directors of tl�e cocnpany, after learning that no � preparation had been made for tihe tr�p. As the agent of the co�pany was in Gardiner, I had to go there, and soon learned that a1I the stockhoZders on the lower �iver were opposed ta the expense and risk of +�he attempt to take the boat to Rosehurg. At a meeting of these stockholders the matter was discussed, resulting in their all signing a protest against the presi,dent's ozder placzng the boat at my disposal. As the boat itse3f could not be p3aced in a condition £oz the atte��t in Iess than six weeks or two months, at an expense of over 5800, it was necessary to abandon �hE atteinpt. • The correspon�ence which explains this is inclosed, marked B, C. Dur�ng the trip l examined M.i11s's and Sawyer's Rapids as well as I could from the land, and I think that all the wark was done that was necessary to carry out the plan. 2'he theory of the imprvvement of the Umpqua rzver was simply to provide a sufficiently straight channel, not Zess than 30 feet wide. The bottom of which should not be above the level of extrame 1ow water: The obsLruction to be removed were roc3cs upon whi�h a boat might strike. The removal of these roc3cs, uere it had any effect u}�on the rapidity of the current, wou3d generally increase it. This pro�ect has been carried aut in the case af sixteen zagids, and several dangeraus isolated roc3cs have been removed. Not a single _�rock was 3.eft that had been reported as tro�blesome. Xet, after all this, in my judgment, this river can never be profitably navigated on account of the zapidity of the current. From �sal�urg to Scottsburg, by the wagon-road, is fifty miles, ar�d the cost of hauling wi13. averace about 1 cent per pound; and thence eighteen miles Co Gardiner, by steamer, at S4 per ton. i��l prices given in this report are in coin} To camQete with this, the freight by steamer £rom Gazdiner to l�seburg was put at $15 per ton measurement, which the agent informed me was the highest price thex c�uld get, and over 1 cent per pound. Dr� their tri.al-tri.p they took fifty tons at this price. If they charged higher than this they could get na freight. Sup- t�osing there were no competitors but the wagon -road, the first questian to be decided a.s whether after a channel is opened through Lhe rapids, it wou3.d pay a company to transport freight an the river at S15 per tan. Ps the recnnnaissance and appropriation had been made before the work was tranferred to me, and I was merely required ta submit a project for its exnen�iture, I did nat think I had anything to da then with the investiaation of the question of the advisahility of the improvement, expecially as ta have �one so at the time Taotild have postnoned work until after high watiar, or for a period of one year. In reviewing the works �c however, and making a renort thereon, its snccess or non- success must be considered, and a careful investigation of the subject satisfies me that the appronriation should never have been made. The channel is made, but iL wi�l nat pay any one to navigate the river. When the Swan was taken up I undezstand she had a crew of twenty volunteers, and she made the trip in six actual running days, though the trip occupied tweZve days, I believe. She went up when the watez was just right, and had to be "lined un" over twenty raoids. Since the channei has been cleared tinere has been no reduc- tion in the current or the amovnt af work necessary ta haul the boat over the rapic�s with 1.znes. The only improvemant is in diminishing the dangez of strikzng rocks and in giving a channel in any stage of the water when it is greater tk�an 5 or 6 fQet above low water. The Swan was a smalZ boat, �OQ feet long, drawing, when light, 20 inches of water. The new steamer Enterp rzse is 20 feet longer, has 4 feet rnore beam, and dra�s 6 inches mare water; hut by using proper machinery I think 20 men would be sufficient for a crew, the great point being to have enough men to handle the rapes. 5upposi.ng that the round trip could be made every ten days, the running expease would not be less than $I,600. A1lowing 5500 per round trip for a.nsurance and re�airs, an amount much less than I have found any one willing ta quarantee tl�e� for, and we have a tatal expense af S1,SD0 per trip. Giving an average of 5d tons each way, at $15 psr ton, for ��reight pEr zound trip would amount to SI,540, leaving no margin for contingencies or profit. I think this statement of the case as favorab�e ta the steambaat company as facts wi.Il jt�stify, and that tne company could nat reasonabZy ex�ect ta do more than cover aIl expenses and ris3c, without making any pro£it, and tlzat fi.ve or six manths in the year is a 3iberal estimate for t.he time tYsat the river a.s suffi- ciesitZy high foz navigation. �'}�e above is all calcuiated upon the su�positian that the river has only to compete with the wagon-�road from Roseburg ta Scottsburg. But it has a much more formidable cdmpetitor in the Oregon and California Razlraad passing thrauah the very heart of Douglas County, and graded as far as Oak�and, and this summer it wil� be in rnnning order from Portland ta Rosehurg, a distance of a3�out two hundred miles. The �zeight tariff between these points estimated from the nublished rates as far as the raad is completed wil3 vary from about one halt cent pez paund for qrain to one cen� per paund far first class merchanc3ise. This is �ess than the cost from ?�seb�rg to Gardinez, which cannot he taken at less than one cen� per pound. Sugposing the cost af £reight in thE two cases to be ths same, and that there would be no heaw insurance in shigping by the IImpaua River, there is sti�.l no question as to which port would have �he preference. The �9 merchant l�aving Rcseburg could be in Portland in twelv� hours, purchase and ship his g�ods, and the third day can have tnem in his store. So produce can be shipped ta Por�land zn tWenty four hours, and there be shipped direct ta Livernool. Ev�n if the object was to reach San Francisco, it could be done more cheaply and rapic��y by way af Portland. From Gardiner to San Francisco, the freight are as high as from Paztland to San Frastcisco. Duzing the summer one of the coast-steazaers stops every manth at Gardiner, �ut at that season the Umnaua River cannot be used. Setween Portland and San Francisco is a line of weekly steainers req�iring buti three or four days for the trip. In my judgment a Rflseburg iaerchant wi�so made 3�is purchases in San Francisco, and shipped oraduce there, wou3d find it to hzs interest ta ship through Portlan3 evan if a coiapany ran a steamer on the Urapqua. Sut I think the majority wou3d do their business witiz Poztiasid rather than with 5an Francisco. The above reasvn would, in case nothing had been done to t�ie river, prevent my recommending the expenditure of any money unon it. Now that the entire project has been �az�ried out, and there has been a favorata3.e winter, and no serious atteamt ma�e to navigate the siver, I wonld most certainly reco�end tha� no further expenditures unon it b� made. [,Then I say no serious attempt to navigate the river has been made, I do not undarrate the efforts made by the ofticers and crew af ttie Enterprise ta get her over 5awyer's Raga.d in 3anuary last. �'he channel was there, but the current was so rapid that, with the fu�l power of her machinery exerted, �e strain on the line was so great that it was zn danger of bzeaking every �inute. The crew should have been doubled, her capsta n tzipled in pawer, and her �ines in numbez, before thinking of ma3cing the attempt. The objection of the cotnpany to doing this is that it wi31 not pay. if it does not oay to navigate the river now, be€ore tl�e rai3.road cvmes intfl competition, zt certainly will not a£terward. Additional removal of obstr+sctions wi�.l not reduce the cnrrent, and that is all which hinders its navigation." *** It appears �hat the prospect of navigating the upoer reaches of the Umpqua River iwhich £a].�s an average of five to ten and a half feet oer mi�e1 with manage�i3ity only likely duzing time af sufficzent dzaft provided by high water periods was not•particularly stimulatina to even the most ext�erienced navigator. Even the Enterprzse, being especially designed �or the river did not attenspt the ascent a second time. The Enter however, was rated at 270 tons (twice that of the 5wan); this may have been the reason for her fail.ure zn an earlier atteu;pt ta make the trit� to Roseburg, and indeed may have been the reason it was never a�tem�ted again.�'�� 7^v "As to the fate of the 5�an and Entezpzise, t�e most compl�te report, ft�rnisned by George B. Abdill of Rnseburg, is probably found i.n the persanal memoirs le€� by J. H. Dixan: "I got intv a sawmi3l at Coles Va13.ey which I ran for two years. seiling it out and getting into the steam:,oat business. 'F'his boat {Swan) had came up the river to Rasebura. We had onposztion as there was business tor only one boat. I succeeded in merging the campanies {evidentZy meaning �he naviqation company and its boat Enterprisa) running one boat (5wan) to Coos Bay, disposing of it for half what it cost, running the ot'�er boat (Ente�risea . We were fast aetti:�g on our fee� when the Ozegan-California Railroad came to the valley and took our btisiness. Then we ha� a boat and no business. We sold the Enterprise ta the Peop�e's Trans- portation Company of Port�asld and they wrecked her on the F]mpaua bar (February 20, 1873}. �ey t�ok the machinery out and built the Heaver with it. "� . Eventually sand bars and obstructions in the Umnqva River between Scottsburg aad Gardiner �i,mited the navigation o£ this sec�ion to the mare shallow draft steamers, making Garc�inez the main nort of entxy far ocean-qoing vessels. During this period af time cargo bound for Scottsburg and the interior had to be loa�ed onto waiting shallow dra�t boats an� then shipped tipri.ver to 5cattsburg. "Between 1872 and 1875, a gravel bar formed a�ross the river �han.nel between Gardi.ner and 5cottsburg, makinq i� itnpossib].e for ocean craft ta navigate to the head of tidewatez. After this, the docking point for 3�arg� vessels was Gardiner, known in those days as "The White City" because all buildings in tt:at c�ty weze neat�y painted whit�. i"�sere oassenge�s ana caraoes transferred to sma3l steamers which carrzed them uoriver to Scottsburg where they met and made connections with overland stages . '� Gardinez's importance as a town was on the uoswing. During the period of 1880 to }.9�6, acc3aime� to be "Garazner's Golden Aae", the Gardiner M�1�. Company encouraged a healthy sai�ing shi.p tzade with 5an Francisco and ather Cali.£arnia norts of call. 'I7�is was furtrer encouraged by t:�e local Iagging contractors and fishing industri.es, as we�� as other industries, whose co�ined e£forts r�ade this oeriod an ,.; t; ., ,, a �i, � ., .: ,,. ,- _ _.s : _ _ � _ L , _ 11 h '�+/��++�++ ��1�.L ui 1.1111C 1A1 �dit,L111CL J i11SC.L1Z�/. "The Gardiner MiZl Coinnany also established a k�risk sailing trade between Gardiner and California ports. Such sailing v'essels as the LILX, the B£ULAH, the 5�9IE, t?�e LIICY, the LOUISE, and the CAROLINE, and later t'�e steam schooner 5AN GABRI£L, were household names here for years. To Gardiner peQnle, San Francisco was "' czty", `rom which we received our food, merchandise, ar,a supblies,'and where many of our young people went for s�hooling oz Lo find work." �� The year �916 signaled the end of an era for the town of Ga�diner. 5tea�s replaced the sail, othex tirad� routes Iimited the need for Gardinez as a �oint of distributian. The Southern Pacific Railroad Company (Eugene to Coos Bay} bypassed Gardiner and bisected Reedsport. Reedst�ort was recEiving heavy promotian ana drew off still more business. �'inaily the vas� stands of tisnber in the southern section of Douglas County were onened and supplied Lo is►ills in the interior valley, crippling the one �emaining inde�stry o£ Gardiner.� � "Since �he cominq of the railzoad, the t�ade of Scottsburg with the interior has a�mast ceased, and the demand for river tzaffic has ceased with it. The railroad projected from Rosebuzg to Coos Bay will remova all necessity for navigation o� the U�pa�ua. bL �t . i � i, E, �. , = "1 �� ,� , Y �' �� _ _ �. , , :, � � � . _ _ - - ' - -__._ p . - -- . - - : - - :�-`�r-` �=_",�'_�'. � � . .y `', ' . ,t� �' - : - �–• _ � : ' _ � `' � ' � --" �.�,.�al�' � `�-�~.� . _ .�_ • �. � �� .,....�-.,.�.�� .:-... _ -.-� . _ � -- � ' . . ._ ` �,,�;_ � SCHO(SN��, C�ROLIi�IE and LUCY, at Gardiner �. 43 � j ' I � � t � . :�� '� , j . L, ,�, �_ . � � �� ' � j � i `�. �:. � �i _ -4 _' s~ � -� - A _ ' . _ _ � • w'_ � f ! � ; f ! A � �.� . �' - � . _' r t `� - ��F• � _ ` . ' � • � \ w 4 �c`�':�5�'�v . �',�� =t� r. . �: .='�' � . , ! ' . �L � _z ,r.. , + . �: � . ; }� ~,..�-_��..-�r � _ �_� � t;1 +� •ti: ��-•R 4 �.� -'� -- _..r�'� "ss"'..'._ry."„`4�� R,.�t�y��a�ry': �� Z i i t ' 4 ' ^"`ti►.. �� _ � � � _ "_ ' � ' . � �- - - _ �� - - � SAILI�dG VESSELS - Loading at Gazdiner "tilZ - Umpaua River, 189a's. �G F�'RRIES The increase o£ shipging and trade in southern Oregon and northern California created some transaartation prvblems on overland routes, 'The road systesns were bad enaugh, but access across the Uzasaqua and its tril�utaries gresented still another prob2em. T'he caunty road crossed the Umpqua thzee ti.mes between Scottsburg and winchester, and bridges were, of caurse, economically un�easible duzing �his eazly period a£ development, hence, the fezry was the only answer to this problem; and this, of course, resulted in the beginning of another pzivate er,terpris e . "The crafts were £lat-bottomed scows, about forty feet long and frorn twelve to fourteen feQt wiae, with the �ottofn slopinc up at either end. 'Fhe side or gunwale, o£ t.�e earlier boats was about t}iizty inches deen by four inches thick, hewn fram large fir trees. ...Equipment used to aoerate these ferries was simple. A three-quarter-inch steel cable was stretched fro� t�ie bank and anchored at either enrl to a winch, ar windlass. The windlass was constructed frvm �ree trunks, usually oak, about eightesn is�ches in diametez, cut in ten-£oot lengths, with a fork at one end, T�o of these forks were set in the ground about six feet apart. A zoller, or dnzm, was fitted in the forks with the ends of the cah�e wound araund it. with hand spikes inserted in offset slots at eitY�e� ena and scotched by a crossbaz to keep the table from unwinding, Thi$ arrar,gement a].lowed the cable tc be raised ar lowere� according to the level of the water. 'I�ao �arae wooden blocks with six-a.nch stee� sheaves were placed on the cab�.e. These were attached ta the ferry boat by one-inch hemp ropes from twenty to thirty feet long, passed through ring in the deck, or wrapped ar�und a banister. Hy shortensng the bzght at one end and Iengthening it at theother, the fozce of the current caused the boat tp move from shore to shore. To r�ake the return trip, the ozder '^:�s r=:'c�seu, iv"nen t't�e current was not strong er,ough to move the craft, the haat was manned with lang sweens, or oars, and sculled across. Thzs was the custom followed bv settlers who tnaintained orivate ferries without cables." In Z850 two ferries ooerated between Scottsburg and Winc7ester; Hones E�bow loeated four miles below EZkton and the Hasty and Corryell Fe�ry at Winchestex. �n 185Z another fer:y cal.Zed the Tzenton Fer� � was situated six miles southeast of EZkton and would �ater be known as the Mills Ferzy, Ezghteen fifty-one was a3so t�e year af the county �icense reauiresnents for ferry operators. The caunty courts set their � a.�ense fee at 53.25 ger year. During this sarne session they also estabZished an acceptable standard to11 rate that the fezzy opezators could charge, and they were: ��1. Man on foot .............................. 12 3/2C 2. Man an8 horse ............................ 25G 3. Each loose horse, mule, cow, steer ....... 24� 4. Wagon .................................... 754 Each attached animal ..................... 25� 5. Eacn sheep or hog ......... . ............. 6�/2�� By June of 1852 �our ferries were operating on the Uin�ua River between 5co�tsbura and Wincnester. It is not hard to assume that thincs . must have been going well for the entergrising ferry aperators. In sosne instances the ferxy onerator would own the proper on both sices o� the ri.ver and would a3so charge a toll on the road. 'i'�e comb�nation of the yearly license fee and the fixed toll c3�arge imposed by the cae.utty did, howevez, pu� a damper on the nrofits for the ferry aperatoz. I am sure than this action was more th an appreciated by the over�.and shipping cmm�anies as we�l as the locaZ citiaens who ne�ded to cross the L7mpaua. �1 road on both sides of the river would soan limit the ne�d far mos�. af the �rries. �n 1888 the coun�y courts declared aZl toil fezzies- free; they would in the futt�re be operated undar county cnntract.124 - 5�ME QP THE MQR�' FAMILIAR �MFQi:A RIV'ER F�'RRIES FERRY NAME IANE AOCK FERRY IiASTY - CORRYELL (WINCHESTER) �'ERRY ROSEBUR6 FERRY t�I,RDSE FERRY CRESCENT TRENTON (MILIS) FERRY HOPES (SAWYERS) LOCA�ION NQRTH urs�Qua 2�ORTH i3MPQi1A - WINCHEST�R SOUTH UMPQUA - FQOT OAK 53`RE£T SOUTH [1MPOUA - IAOKING GLASS ur�QvA - �r�LOC,� UMPOUA - E5i`ERATELIS BRIDGE UMPQUA - S MILES SELDW EL�CI�DI 'J L' 0 � . `. ... , _ � , _ . � r �a:,.� r � - , - v ti1�r _ � . ► � � �„_ � � -!r .� � w,r . 1 �:,' ., . . r �-k � + - . y � . +'Y�'�� - .]'� _ .. � � . t��.�:±�� •..�,3� ;�. + �"� � '�`.'� -- 2 �t 'SSV� r � _ �"-�"+�'^�r ' ti . ; - r - _ Z��s.-c-•�r�.�pr � _� , _ _;i� "�'.� '�i `�,+� 1 . [�"�" �x' �.s.- �.. . .. � . :- . k 1� � x - i, - r. z. . �... � }( .• � _ � _ � �_' ,, r�_ _ � � __.- - - _ . . • + ��.� -�.` �� .�s.s4� ra�.u�.=,�; IL�� _ —. / — �- � ^". . i�„ - - _ _ ' ' �_ r � _ _ -- �� . __ _ . '�1 - `�1 � �``°^_ -"�� .�.t. - :��7 `'�__ + t� � �� r' *��..� A � � "� _ ,�,- r � �, � 1 ' � `� _ � �.% r � ..`_ �°.`�`� ' �'-•� `I� i�.. '�'t � ' Zi }� � ,� ' '_' ++ 6��a+`�i ►_'��w�� `'. � . �' -'�_ �.E��,��,�.. . . ` �.3 � � r ��- � ^� ��;� ^+� � �� ti �: ``�`. __��+'_ ��_�� . � }. � , 1 � i^ �� - g� �r t _ 1 i k." _ �"� �� - ��s� + � _ � �� . _ ,` '..�.__��'�.� F:OPES FERRY - Also.known as Sawyers Ferry. Located 5.miZes below Elkton, main U'mnqua. fipnpnvrr.Tn�x n,n n � 8 .� oi -��,�+.;,,�; .-�.+� �� 1� G � � F �ar t+ ' " �-. _ .- - ` _ y ;'�..Y"'�' � -` �`_ �- ��'��z— �� ;��=�`��_-_ -� --_�� - �. _ � �' __ , �` : �� ,,f �� ; � . . �:� r- :-� � -�. � .� - ».� - �, -� � - �-=_� �� .:r� � - ' _-r-� ..- :rc �:`� R `" r , _ � .��.' �r� � - , a.-' ,�''' -. - - .�.�.--_.� a ""r�'� - = = a - _ - ��' �-: h-- — . Y+�=.sc �S"' '-�"' _ _ �� _-`"= T—=��c � ��"_�a _'-.�. � e =� �— ._ _ � �_, KPSTY - CQRRYELL FERRY - Also known as the Wincnester Ferry. �ocate� cn tne I�o:tn limpq�a River at Winchester. rr��ROxzr�.TE �xs i�s V V . - ��:= - �:�-i<� . ` ��t ,~ •+\�- �� , • '.;..� �'` , �+�'� {i,,. --, ;��'�. _ .a 3 � �as �^• .- i � '1 < .`5.'. . _ � � � `y �-+��' . �� { �` i r. �. � . . .�:.�:Y�' ' f. .`�� , _ � � . . , r r i1 �� pr.�� - c�� 1 • l 1 � , I,V ��p. �.'.•} .�1 �' I� .��:'�'� �•\ � � y ' f 1..y. � : �. ...(�^'�'/1 .� : �. �j'F � /,A t i _ �i •.f � � _ ° �t � d.��1�_�--�:� f : ll�; ri -.�lC ��..�:�tJ.�]. rY� �.., � ,' i rr�_ .:� - �� _-,��. � .i,i�';i� � ~ � � ' I �, _ i1F j r ! . i . _ �� , L�'��I1�G SI-rrEP - 0� :'.opes Ferr� near Eikton. Ar P Rp X I:"•SP.TE �'�: 4 2 r+ � ► . �� .�-. �, .�.. .� .* �- �:� 0 '`� ��: �'�'•� = .�':. . � ... x.: � � '+.,� . . - _ 1 . �� - `' �e1, , h � _ �' } , y` = � S' �� '�.t3 .} '� r; _; r - ' _� � �. �'- � ' � �. �.�� `�f ��._ jL:i' '-� r ; ._ ` . a . _ �-.. `. R' . ,� � ��-�"r=`��V� � - 'a . � .- .�� :ti , � �: �'i ,� .�� a.��.3r� . �.�r . _ �"" . � <L,�- rq.�q . ' � .�'��'� � '_t�. r k.c �'+ .i � t - i tN f _.'K" ' � ' � ,+'.�-�_ _ . .��' _ L ` �t�:•;�i: �: ._:� �. } � l7 � — � ��: - :i - .. -•.-y � � . I' � "�-- - ; • � h ' 'S � � �'� � - : � �y . ... i �� a r ."Z�"'atiJ,.T' Y � � ' T/�' r ' Y r � `` ..,� r . .� �� : �� ' ]`l`- � 4 4F f � � r ' - a 1 l � , �+.� 1 }. � � �'��' , , lt r� r . 9 ` � � �,' .. ' y '� �', � , � + ? • 4_. L� • - +��'.'�^�- ��•- + � � r��, , 1 ' ` T ��t ", j ' r �. ♦ , {.. .4 _. 'a,� j� Y �'_ � ��^ r+---4� � �r i �\�--�'. " � , � t.ti. a5 A : ; S �, �-�.�_ . 4 � . . � ' c�� ;, - �,. '' � � `c��''�--�4• • ' r.'ti'L . �� A �` �. ' �" � � ` �q� �' • �, �:�5 ; � it. _ ' � ' ��-�==•°��- �� , �,� :r�. `- -� ' : - . : ,� • � � ' ..�,-, , ,F_� ,- . � � . �''`� ,r . � i :.`:•: �� - ., ,,,_ =a �� .e �� r �� ' w. � :l � � - ' � . ��-` j� � ��r.+:y'..'r„Y'_, •' . _ �. �i� �M PRIVATE FE:LItX - Located at what is now the Carl f•ladison Ranch on the Umpqua River - I9�0 -- �0 ��.� t•,�' . ''• S t`T - � . �� -� � K y J � � ' ��` ��•�� '^�"''� , •` '�+ kt"' ' _ � � T � {�w �r ` � . f� 'r��51+'J� 'L�.�^.a.iM $��` �� / ��'a 1� � � � �� -� �� ' �.� � �. • .r ,��, �I 4 �: ?s�� . � _ -'ti' . ... %►, � «L: ��.�:r� -�,..,-t "'a.'7C _""- = :�-.� . ,. � - � .►.,1-± ,� �, � -� j \ � � ` _'_`� ,''�`*...,�-'�j. �..�� `'� - - � • 1.�, -=� � � �a � 1 `1 `�� } -" t ��,� ' 1r.i� . .- .� � _. : . ~ ,,��' - _ .: •"�� _ �,�,�� _ -� �J� . PQQR FARM FERRY - Located on the Umpqua Rzver below the "Fozks" nc PROXIMATE r�M 3.10 '' 1 �. �r - . . - . ,r ��y`" � . � - �` . • '��-jer � - - -, .. _ - �x ' � �:-�J�� ,, _ ..J'�,�� T � �+� ii � �� r""' -�t�-,--'- �r�'_ � . f� � 4 �,. � ^ --�t �"�c_ � . Y . _ _ r - -�— � _. � . - __ {� �'�� •° �'`-- .�: � �� _� � �.' - �►.: �;; �� - , '-'� � �� . �` . ' `T r1�7_CK' � G FZ'�RV - T.p�atad UapS� 4� �45��11�� O17 t.�"!� SAtI�}1 :7ffi�OtId APPROXI"SATE RM B 72 �L.�..LScvCi Unicljxi+L:t LL24'CZ � L(7�d�20. OIl L:12 lOWBr i�r1D6L1a, 73 � - � 1 ' . � �� ti . - � _ .1 � � � • ' - � � :,,� � I+� I .��..�'L�.: �.�L.+�� ...~��.�'-i:`. "' . � -��ti�1t rR�['� _r\ _ - - . --�...c...--•-o -rr-- r � . .�...�,.,�._..,' _ . _ . � .. _ - - - � .. . - � :!.„ .., . . . . �. . ?�r � y.� ..-�-� . . -: ��( ':� ....� pr . � k ,:. _ ' ' � . � .srf . '" ��„ }-� �c'r` �.C"'� ._. t '� � . - ^s '� h Y,? . . � �� r. ��.;' � � y, - �� - r"•-{.,�c y � . �� .r. ., �r{�� - ` �. r 'N } p �� '�' . S+c '"F ' yti � f . �" ti � „ �� "�+-Y l ,.g_'�7i �' ?-` y�-� � "'r � : �„ �^ y J .... + � f � r ' . ` � . . ' � l + �. � r ' ��, 1y�y_ + ',vr�� '+?�� t ^� ��.�1�'w�t . � 1 ' �' .,�►'ri.�a . . r' . x r ..� f,. ��;�'�� ,.,4.y�•'�J" ._ , ��,,,ti .�+.: �[ _ �,i . �.d � r. � l �t R ' �- � _ r . i'�.� �4► �',,r . :�,� �+�r�''� .2,4�p:f Y�� r`� Y., y ,"� s � - _ � . , � �j�',Y-�&r `s . - � 1 M r � --r• � ` � �. +,.-J .� .�. t � R ,�� ' � ti � % t 'ri.� Irt' � �• _ � : � rt � �� ? 1} _ �. T i�i. �,�ii+:.� � . � _ - _-� ' -... -• .r.'� " � , 1�_f�v�w'��.�' �. . . 1 _. .1,{ t :i. �i ' ��M ��l �.rl��e -'�. . - _' � � til 0 L- 9Y �'}� T .}.,�,'� ,.t�i5 ; � ., �F" . . : .. . . Z�•,s :r �+�- ' �� _ �. - "�r� - f � . �y �, Y L �� a � r_ �S - '�-' � R��,}' y � �, - _ { � ��1 � r�� ... �., . � ��: � F '� � � }' e � n PRIVAT� FEF.FtY - Located at Dillara pn t.'�e 5outh �m�qua APPRO:{IMAT'E RAi 3Q i� �j_' .#: �� . ?`� .� � �• { ` ' ��'�' g . � ' � .- e � .' � r � � �,.� 7 ..` � �►�L�'�74 � . , �'n'r'7�. i �� .r � �r3 � w:�� } - _ ,�":��us'#.��; ��k ��-� � "�'.` � - : . �� t� � �� ` �aRF�� F � ". - - ^ � f ± A ..',�s+rs�-.�_a��.�j,�;,~+�" - , ., -.' � i i �` -"-� �.� �� " _�•� .� � �«. 'T=-- � �"j-- - _�� . �: F �.,,,- ..'�"'�'� � -" _" =;�::�: " � "f � .'; . -... _ =�.::�::::� �� :;: � 0 LO:IE ROCK F�R�Y - Located above Glide on t:se ivort..'� L'mpq�a. APPR4Y.IMATE RM 145 . �� - t��'� { "`r��` �� "` ., ;rs-�'a -,�_� ;r .,l�r''F +�. . , � Y � ; �� j`�� '�'-JI f ,.� �• _r . � - 1 • � � � ��. . �'�`"�...-*�,t. � _ . � : , "``�`' ~T f - �- � � ..+`._ � � `� _``:':� ' _ r . '1�� t " r ��., . J . . �. J� ., .. .. +. . �- ` ~� r � � �.�� _- � . 1 , - ; � � �`�. �: . � '�••�4 ��¢u { �'� 3 . - ". T+ � a "i:. � � 3 �' �� ., �.,�� :: � �r � � ^ y �� -�.,-- .. =�`��-:r-= �`"'�_��.u:- ,.-_:...� . � � � _ _� -��; !�q"�ra - �s _�fr _.. _ .�3.,_ _ . � - �� SCDmTSBUZG FW�X - Owned and oneratad by Alex Sawyers until the construction was comnleted on the briage in 1930. APPROXI��7A�'E R'1 27.5 76 Steel anc concrete bridces wouZd eventually re�Iace the remaining ferries. The Zast remainzng ferry was contzacted to Alex Sawyers at Scot�s�urg in �917. It continued in og��ation until 1930 wnen tne highpay bridge was camnle�ed_ * t : SHIPP�NG The history of shippzng an the Umpv_ua River is a brief but signifz- cant progressian of events. Beginning in the I8S0's with a gronp of inen and a schooner named the Samue3. Roberts known as the Klainath Exnloring E�edition---{maki.ng up that milestone-setting �ut short-lived Winchester Paine and Company) and continuing until around 1916 when '��e cosns�letion of rai3,road Iines and overiand highways aZl but ended this histozic era vf r�ver transportation � Shipb�i].ding also became a big economic contributor. 'rhere was even a celebratian ovez the comp�etion of the first vessel built in Oregon south of the Columbia Ri.ver. The schooner was of eourse named the "UMP�UA"--built and launched at Scottsburg under the co�and of Captain Hinsdale � Some other £amiliar names of vesseZs built on the Umnqna and sezsr�ng the Pacific Coast norts were: �i.n �Sisters Pacific Mary Cleveland Ac�ive Eauna Brown Ghallenaer Havs Elen Wood J. B. Leeds Pe�rless Laura Madison built 1858 built 1865 buil.t 1858 built 1872 built I873 �uilt I3?6 built 1876 bui�,t I879 buil.t I882 by W. N. Rack�eff hy ,7. $, I,eeds by George Bushard by Joseph Backus by ?o'.^.r. K� ,:sa by Hiram Dancaster by T. H. Peterson by Madisan & Holden Scottsburg Gardiner � h R �� ll During the apex af its era of water transportation, the tlmpaua and its ports mair.tainec3 an at,^oosp:�ere of hustiie and bustls activity. Shins nased in from the ocean and tzaveled un the Ctnpqua to the Reedsport, Garc3i:�er anc3 Scattsburg ports bringing clathing, food an� tools for use in the mines and ear3y settlements. On their return trips they carried beef, mutton, hides. lum�¢r_ f;ch �„� �ts muy v ` ��., - �.. �x ' ' - � �++JAE VVVUS LCl 4�IC Portland and 5an Francisco ports thus contributing to the eazly develop- ment of the Pacific Northwest 1 � Fo�lowing are some commercial statistics taken frosa various sources showing the types and amounts of cargoes transpazted on the Umoaua RiJer: � From the Secretary af war 3etter for February 14, 1890. 5cottsburg ta Gardiner „ Wheat shipoed down annua3ly .....................tons wool shipped down annuallX ....................pounds Hops shipped dawn annually .......................do. Leather shipped dawn annual.Iy ....................do. Deer hides shipped down annua].ly........ .......do. Logs towr3ed down annually........feet,board measure Raw hides shiz�ned ug annua�ly ............. .••pount�s General merchandise shipped up annually, about..tons Passengers carried annually, 1,5�0 to 1,800 in n�mbez 325 7fl,000 zo 12,000 5,000 5,400,D00 40,000 S00 'I'he steamer makes three trips a week, to connect with �ail and stage at Scottsburgh, and betwaen the-two baats about 1B0 trips are annua].Iy made . " 129 . TfiE SECRETARY OF WFkR - 3anuaxy 4, 1904 "The foI].awing is an estimate af the business of the port foz the year ending December 33, 1902; (Gardiner) RECEIPTS G eneral mezchandise .............................TONS Agricult�ral implements ........ ................do.. Cannery and creamery supplies ...................do.. SHIP.�I£bITS Lumher ..........................................FEET Lath ........................................M Pieces Cattle and hogs .................................TONS a., Grain ...........................................u�.. Buttez and cheese........... ....................do.. Leather ......................................... d o.. Miscellaaeous, fruits, et� ......................do.. 2,750 25 I00 i6,aoo,000 2,6fl0 S00 inn 30 7 100 Estimated value of imparts ...............................$ Es'timated value af exflorts ...............................$225,Qfl�" / J , , , . . ', - t I . ',1 � � S�.r.set and eveni�$ star�, 1 ' � Ar.d one clear ca1l for r�e ! ' � �zd �ay there h= no r�oa^i:� o� the bar, ''' � i'��n I nut out to sea , ,� But such a tir�e as moving seems as].4en � fioo rull for sound s:�d foar�, �' l _ '} Wner that �,rhich dre•,,� frQm out of t'�e bou�dless dee� ` 1. Turns a�ai�z homp, - ' , '} , � - 'I� ar.3 eveni*ig belz� ' 1 t �nd aitpr that thp dark! 1 And may the^e be no sadness ai far��,�N],1� �`, ti+rhen I ercbark; l � � \ For though _ro�n out our bourr:e o` tir�e l � - and p3ace ` �`he flood �ay bn�� mA °ar, � I hope to se� r�y pi�ot facs to �ace l} SJhen I$av� crossed the bar, ' - Alfred Ter.nyson (1$09 - Z89?) . �.._ .� ' �`_ ' - ;d . ` � 0 l . � �� r r i r . � f t �� . i� � j � L 4� l 1 a �� r � � 1 } r l � �� J � �r f �� r �J 1 f � r � � C+ � . �� . Y r r.' � - �r , , \ � � � . � �� ,�\ ' }` 4�1'. � �� • � ! • �. s � �+ � ` �� w M '�+ � :� � ';�'� � �� r'I ,� `, Y � _ �j�� ti, � � ; '1 , � �' , ' l , -! , � � . � � , � , �;" � _� I � � /f ;r �, J � 1 L � i ` � _ _� . i:1 ' .� — ;`�r�_� �*rw,� _ _ . � .. r�;?+."r�^' �'�'.'�`!�`�� .. ��7 ,- � , — T+'s . � "'��';� ....�•�• �,r� J� � ~ � ' �G � - � �.: :,� �1� �-�� . � - �..;�.ti,.r � �i ^�� a�� ' _� Y_�'ri �s � �� . �� . � �� .e��! -;'a w�. —� �: �� 1- � � � ■ � �r �S�iC� � � � � �� ' ' �� r � ' � �'`` y r''�+� .� � .:.�:��.�:4:,� ��+ / �;. S�a .a� :�" / r I�� E 'i� «.' � "7�Y �s2`'"tr�� s r n ..-f_ : . �_,�+.+�G. � �:� - J +rrf . — ' � x � r _ ..',�-?x�"�..-`�,�.. �,��', y / ��+f�.;} ��rL �;1: R :� '''-��3 ��-� �-�x� s +� ��°��:a'4�" �.r�� , y ';f�: F ?�i• ;;a,�a:'r+ �' �.�.v� � ��:+ � ,� �� .:�:,��`:��- .:► „`"' j; K�� J� ' .-w - �'.J++"a..'l"' '� -� Iw' _ _' -'+.. .__ ....e,is."3+i: ...: TN� SCHOOi1tR - Sac�ie, crossing the Um�cua bar, j��st in fron San Pedro. The round tria �ook about 3.7 davs. She nas made �:�e trip £ram the Ur.iacrua Aiver to 5a:� Pedro iz 3 davs ly nours witz 400,000 �oard �eAt o£ Ium.�ner. SO HISTORY OF 7"HE F'OUR-MAST'ED SCHOONER ��CARQL22�E �� A four-masted schooner of 511 tons, carrying 550�OQ0 boarci feet a� lumber, the CAROLINE was built by Ha13. Hrothers at Port Blake3y, Washington in 1902 at a cost of $37,500 far Jasep?� Knawland nf San Francisco (father of publisher o� Oakland Tzi.b�xne and grandfather of U. S. Senator wil�iam R. KnowZand}, Knowland had about ten such schooners, most of thesn named foz gzrls, e.g. CAROLINE, SADIE, LUCY, BEULAH, LI�.Y, LOUISE--the f�eet was taken ove� by the Gardiner MiII Comnany, Gardiner, Oregan, during the first war3d War. ` The CAROLII3E was laid up at Gz'ays Hazbor fro� 192I to 1924 when she was bought by t1�e Russian River Improvement Company af San Francisco and had a brief career as a gravel barge between t.he rzver and San Francisco, In I92S the hull was resold to Carl A. 13elsoa and beached in a baneyard near Hunters Point. By 3956 the beached hul� of the CAROL�rIE had been so eaten by shipworms that the main deck was fast disappearing beneath t3�e surface of San Francisco Hay. Max Lembke of the 5an Francisco Marit�me Museum's Board Trustees drew the attention af Karl Kortum, museum head and urged that an attampt be made to salvage th e carvings and cuived rai].s tfzat c3ecoratied the o1d vesse3's lnead. T�ese parts were ].ater shipped to Seattle where, in ear3y 1958, they wera being assembled for eashibit in the new museum. Mr. Joseph R. Knowland, whose family owned the Gardiner Mill Company ].iked to talk abaut his father's schaaners. With a twinkle in his eye, "YOU know my father always named his schooners for girls... but we nevez knew who the gir3s were." Resource Material from the San Francisco Maritime Museum r ::� 1 � n 0 0 r: � 6� _ .. ._ , �.,,_,.,�, --� � :� � - . �:�->��.� . � _# ' ` . .- ' , * 5` w,� ' � i_�� ,� f . � ! . . + " . �� {� �� . y � •�''�� + '�_ . ' i , v; • _ :_ r� . . . � .�,' ;s�y- �-� ;� � � � �.�; t��i e}� �. � •�.�� '�t 2 �� r � �� " --��" _,,.t.. � - � �' t � q 1 ; � r "��Y�� r � � ♦ 4� `� _ , ��' • - . - �. �'�.� ;��,�� ' �� T � � . � � ��. = wrr. �-- � s. �7�. -1[: ; �"� 't . �- - •. ' •' �„� ;� ti �_ _ � �F �:�.� f � L `� ;ti:.-..�.�_ . —.�� x y��;' s �S�i� �. 'a��`~—�� j ��''� • � �• 1 ��}4• . �o � U ,.. _ !" � . � �i F �� i C � ��'� _ .- - `' �� ! i.� ` ; a - <.,,�� - � � C L`3 , �. .. - � :, `?�` 9; � r� ^ ..�i .`� � r. �k 1 � �� { _ . . �,�'�'�-.`! 1 � � _ , � �# f � S� 'C �`^�. _ _ _ -- _ - t �'� . � Q7 .-I +J . . � - " �i:�� q u � ��` r;�;.�... �-_�;'�"� . � .' �. � w a . �' - _ � �► �� : !, j �f n � � . . '. . - 3 k J �_ � , +,: ,'�� _ —' ':-. _ � r N S-I . �-� � - � �� Y;i � � � �-- � �'y �� 1 � � � '"' � � � =� �',.' - �. _,_ ,-,-' �J • . . ' �} UI �:i ► k-. _� ' ' ' . - ' ' . - . ' � ?: 7 '� � � r6 ' �• �'� - r � E .� _ ��----z� _ ' .. - - �, �`,• : � Y . �� i O �° ~=� _ --�_---.. � - - � ' i r + ' :�, • �, N O . T - � ��,.,.. � `_' _ � ;, �. , � j i f ' ` � c . ° � ��-- � '} � ± F . , _� r . 1 . , ,1� I ,,� �,t • ` ��/r ` , _ � `' � -�� ;� 1 -�� ar Y ,�t'? � � - - �.. _ "� �i c� 4'� ± � - ,J � �� '!` � � � f J r } � � — l "/ r " _ - � r ~� �} ��. � • r �_�-. � :a. � .f +' 7 �„ �� Y� - �i ` �� i '#��.,�,� }1 � `�,� --`;+ k��.�,.� � �. � .t �;�# �:3 :� `�� '� � i ` r ;� ��,; � -=�-�i� =��. , �• , y ti, ,�. y � � �� '1: � `; i. Is � - r - . . ' ��`-1 �r �-f'7��. j �� 1 �. _. ` .-� k� '�' i Y ``� �; � y �:'�,} t� . t'� �� .,� �� `.� � e� r. � a�� r � � , �- ♦� ' _ f . =��.'��t�' � �� - � . , n.iCi�� L �� /. J= THE SECRE'1'A?�Y OF WAR - January 4, 1904 "�'he fallowi.ng statistics were given by Gaotai.n Fis3s in his report, showing commez�e of the locality for the calendaz yeaz enaing DecemUer 31, 1896; {Gardiner) ��r�xs General merchandise .............................TQ�IS Agricultural implements .........................do.. Cannery supolies ................................do.. SHIPMEPi'I'S 1,5Q0 10 6Q L�er ..........................................FEET 10,000,000 Lath..............................................M. 2,�Od 5a�mon ...................................�.......TONS 350 Grain ...........................................do.. 125 Cattle..........................................da.. 250 Miscellaneous freight ...........................do.. 58 Estisnated value of imports ..............................SI03,5Qfl Estimated value of exports ..............................$151,450� �ram the 1699 Report of the Chief of Engineers, U. 5. Army - IImpaua River Scottsburg "Co�ercial Statistics tons I879 .................... 9,367 I$81 ....................15,233 ].888 ....................21,839 1890 ....................30,427 I891 ....................34,072 1892 ....................�7,165 tons 1893 ....................22,936 I894 ....................22,f6a 1895 ....................Za,89I �896 ....................17,°53 , I897 ....................22,420 whi3e the proposed channel, 4 feet deep at Iow water, has not been .-.}�,t�ir�nr9 at a13 rv�intc }�nlnsa Crnttcl-�n�^rt if ic ha1 �P1I1�A t}?et thn ....�..y..�.. ..... ..,�� ...... ..... .....,.�...�.....�� .. ......�.�.. �.... �........ �..�. channel as improved fairiy meets all rernairements of the present limited navigatzon o£ �ha stream between Scattsburg and the :r�outh, one sma31 sLeamer of about 20 inches araft which mades daily trips between those r�oints being ab�e to transporti tne freight and vassenaers af`ered."�'�� 3 =i Letter £rom the Secretary of War, Sanuary 4, 1904 "...for the yeax ending Decemher 31, 1942: Nur�er af coastwise vessels arriving and departinq (Gardiner) SAIL: Arzivals ....................................... 49 D epartures ..................................... 49 STEAM: Arrival5 .......................................1�0 D epartures .....................................12Q � 33 �'otal crossings over har ..................338 F'rom the recoras o£ tha Douglas County Histozica3. Society; "Port Entzies, I85I Mc�llan ortolan Andrew ?2ay �ily Farnham Capacity Sea BuZ1 Harriet Alznira Aiinerva Fay,m Kate Heath Chesapeake Cosnmoc3ore Preble Orchi�Ia" � McLelian �':?E SECRETA�tY OF WAR - January 19Q4 "...dur�.ng t�ie years 190I. and 1902. '�his inc3udes all of the vesse�s and a1.]. af t3�eir trigs made during those two yeazs; DRAFT YEAR NUMBER TRIPS 5chooner Li1y Scho�ner Louise 5chooner Sadie Schooner Luty Schooner 3eulah Schooner �amna 5c5ooner pora Bluhm 5chaoner Buena Ventura Schooner Caralzne Total, 9 vesseZs 12' 6" 190I 1902 13' 6" i901 29�2 13' 6" 1901 79D2 13� 5" 19ai 1902 14' 0" 3901 I902 I4' 0" 1901 1902 13' 6" 1901 190 2 12' 6" 1902 13' 6" 1902 �� 4 10 8 7 7 8 7 7 5 S 3 I I 6 1 3 e&��1?5 � 1. � . .. . _ - � �-.. . _ , �,. �" �� y„� `+«•}� . � • _ 3% ^+. �ys�ff� � - � �Y �,� t 4..�,, _ � .� .�� . �� . t; � r r;:�., - , L�- • a' �;'� .srr cc�* ' � � . . . i �`� � �F - ..,�� . _ . � _ '� �� ' � y . . .. _ . ! :- ,:� � '`° �:. .. 1 ..:: � � , ^ . , . � ..l� <�� 1r . __ . . - . , �'� ��'�-- " k� ' ' ^ �!' j l , ., , � '� �j � t � � . � . . ' , � ,� � . " -_ t �A� f � � � ' k, ., � \� _ ' ' • _ ' Y '-1,''' N �'I'i . - • . _6`�T�,,'�' ;+ ``\\ ' ' _ . . A w t � f( �. � �- !�i!-°"`' ,�.,�� ; �1 ' . ..r \ s � � ji S �S {� � � : . . � �� !� �� ,1 � � .'I � t ' . . �'� � x� .3I3 �, . r :. . i 3;"� �i , � � ` . ,�� _ �,_,�. :�. _ �.. _ v ; �J , �� .��=s' ' i, 1 � . .� . � ._4 _ . . .. �� ' �• ' � � i'' '� • � ._ _ _ _ - - , \ ' - � ' - � �-� N .,. _ ; � _ " . . ' ' � .r!�'- � � _ __� ,�— � �= r��-�`^� ' � �1___` • � : . - • -r � .. - _��- - . _ _ , - �--- � ��,_ r; - .-1. — _; � i 1 �. _ 4 � �. � _ . =� �._ � _� .- ' i _ } , � - �� 1 � --y.t •y � , I . , �'\�� ~ I �. I . i ��:� � �` i �; � _- --- — _ ° I . � I ��''' i �' . . . . . . � r':� , � .� . , -� �i � , ro L 7 � i . � � � I , _' '. - -i#�� : � ;,� � � I . �.�': ', _ _ - — ' . , . 1 � b +�I�} �._ �� . � , - •, � ' — - _ - � � _� _ _ � . a� :., '' t -� __ �i�:�� " � � $.� - - —� � _ I � �-S1 �--� �� • ! �• J -� — . ��:�;1�; Y: � �� i � r �% ' . � ?�i►;i.`�.+ . , � �`�' '.-1 1 4'' J �% .�;�,,,..�� n ,, _ s: �� y �-: — , r _ . = -- ��._ ,`<�. �.:� { _ ��-�� __ �at �.°�r,1� '� � -~��.�~'�° �-�_ � -_ I . ' ��p�� :i • ,,` � • �.�'�� • . . _ -- ' —�-�_ -..-� — _ . ' X.•�.� �� ? � �:ifrj� - • t . , - - -' _ - _ , . €F ,aT '� �4 } • ' . •+•i- 1� � � � �', � � i , � � .,: . �, :, � ,. . .� • � � �` .i �',� t `"` •i � . ,� `' 1 � :` - �� M i '. � ' a� � f - '� . •� h, �� . 1 � . i � � � I � ' � . � _ " �� LAS�' V�YAGE �F CAP�'. D�IVER �ETERSON, Scl�oo?zer 'r�,z�c��" Saturday, T�ec. 14, 1907 ,Yf�• deur• sor7 and datrghter; 1Ve arrived off the bar in 12 da��s but have been unable to aet in. It has been terriblv starm4, one blow hcavier than the last and a tremendous heavy sea and squalis. To day there is no wind, caim and the sea �oinp down and the barometer �oin� down. That means another southeaster. Oh, I am so tired of this sea tife, surely this must be my last ventnre t� sea. I Haven't t��e ner�•e that 1 had ^_0 or �5 years a;o. Sunday the 15th, was calm al[ lasi ni�ht, this is a lovel;� day and pretty smooth too, wind liaht from �.E. Can see the ]and and 1 am in hop�s to �et in tamorrow, weather permits. l��onday, Dec. 16th. Olive dear: We have been sailino round the bar alI mornin� but na tug. It was half water 10 oclock so there wili be no Qettino in today. The "I..ouise" is here too. Wednesday,the 1&th, Olive dear we have been sailin� round the bar ail fore noon but it's pretty rou�h. The tus didn't come and the "Louise" �ot in yester- y day. We was too far off to eet in with the tide, we are here now 8 days sailin� round and cames pretty hard on me for this is the hardest part of the trip layin� off and on round the bar. Thursday, 19ch. It's blowing a�ale frosn south ta S.W. Friday, Stron� south wind and rough bar, rainy. Sunday, the 2?d, Wel� dear, we are s[ill saiiing round trying to get in but have not as vet. The water is roush and we can'� always find the place at high water� �'hen it rains and biows we are �lad to �et out to sea, clear of land. This is the shartest day of che vear and tomorrow winter be�ins, if it gets warse than it has been lately. w}�iie I have to stand it anyway as I am here and can't ;et away, have to make the trip. Doubt if we �et in before Christmas. If not we wi[l not have much of a Christmas dinner but 1 don't care for dinners if we cou3d only �ec in. December, 25th ... i wish you a Merry Christmas. Yesterday we had dcad calm and today it's blowinE a�ale from [he south {hove to) 20 miles narth af Umpqua, 28 davs and 16 round the bar. I�ave just had dinner. �7idn't havc a very select dinner, in fact we haven't `ot much ctores left. Eat the last potata for brcakfasi. Got plentv beans and flour bu[ little bccf but I don't care For dinners if we weze only safe in �ort. I shal] not be abie co stand another winter. LovinQly, from Papa Tuesday, 31 st .., Last of the year we are stilt sailinQ and driftin� around. The worst trip 1 can remember of. IF it keeps moderate roniaht w may :et in tomorrow it the bar is smooch enou4h. � Thurscia��, Jan '_'nd ; 903. 11'ell �ear we are still asail on the oeean. f did expect ta oet in ycsterdav but it started to blow early in the mornin� and blew us ou[ to sea as a New Years oi#t, and short of provisions. Port Townsend, Jan. ] 0.1908 My dear dau��ter: GVe arrived here today as we could nnt �et in to Umpc�ua. We had to 6et sorriewhere or starve. I am :oinQ to send for a new captain. I am not able to ta�:e her ou� and not if they would Qive her to mc, I arn �oia4 home as soon as the captain qets here. The mate may take her, wil] recommead This has been ti�e worst crip I can remember. It Has comp3etely ��orried me and I think the schooner will load here on the 5ound. 1�ie11 dear, 1 will cJose with rnuch ]ove, Lovinaly, 4liver Peterson, PaPa. . _ �� - ^ "" � "'�,'--= �= - ,- _ � .... - ;, � -;��:.� . � _ '"� � : . - -:� . . _ '� � � ;��_ ��. �� i . +�: Thursday, 26[h ... Todav is moderate, some wcsicriy squalls and hcavv swe3ls. Got observation toda��. �First time in week. 60 miles noRh of Umpqua. 5aturdav, 2$th ...�'�'cl€ dears. the weather is n7oclerate. �.�,�in once more we are abreast limpyua but sea ro�s�h and the tidc �s ever late and ear�v. 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'�� , i � �t'� � 4�'�. �.ir� } i�y1^, � . 1�� `.�`. � � ° � ^ �'1 ) � j Lk� f � t. £�--: �.� ►s � S E�r , � e;�k..�,ti. >.� a•�-. �� s'y� ��f � �� i � { ? � ,'�, .-i�•.� , � ' '��,� s� 'sI ��' �°��:�� ••,'`� 2~-� L 1 �f i_` � ;' 1`�' y ' , ,�' ' =. - Y� f . � , ... - i. � � �'' � �'+, � ,1�: �:�,� ; �j ��r_ �;� �{ �} .'sK�%.- - q .�:�� '��`'�:'',:�t::i: . _ 1 � l �`� ' �. • S � � - � 1�� t_` �� k �� C,�` ; t�ii#+ 'F - �;; 3 ��ti • � ,��.°:>: _.� j �_� .�...1.. � -'�'`�3..� _.. Q� � . _�..F . � ��'.i:�:.'.. . .. ' � _� - .. . � -'. , _ i� � -. _ . . �K� :. . �' - r _ .,- � . . .. � ., . .. - � . - �. " ' _ .� '�5;=.`—:' - .�j - t, - ,4'. . . � - . . - _ - �.i -.� , . _ _ � .� i �1 # A �e M l CA�T�I.v �3�5IA'i B. LF.£DS, he sailed between t:�e Ur��cua and San Francisco for a.�out *_en years k;eFCre his ratireme:��. Cant. Lzeds and Geo. S. :insc3ale nuilt a sawmil.l i-� Garriiner - w� later �ecarne the Garc�iner idil? Company. in 187b, the Cn�.aua �ver shiabui�der Hirar,: �oncaste- Cp^:qZ2t2G� a sc?�ooner on the river which was :^.onored wi �h the narn� - ,7. �. �eeds - Pho�o fron TF?� i1P�P�UA TRr3P�R, VO1. 5, tyo. 4, 1969 cl �- � � �-- ---��^ .:'D-i� Excerpts fzom the letter of the 5ecretary of War - Jan�ary 4, 1904 "The.small vi3lage of Scattsburg, containing about 1Q0 inhabitants, is situated at the head of naviga�ion for rivez craft, and is th� point of tranfer fzom stage ta steamsr on the route to the mouth of 'the Umpqua," "The schooners LILY, LOUISE, SADIE, DORA BLUF�1, BEULAH, LUCY, ZAMPA, AI3D CARpLI�iE made regular trips to and fram Gardiner for 3umbez cargoes ta 5an Per�ro and San Francisco. In addition to these, the schooners SAN BL3ENA VEI�ITURA and MAGGIE C. RU55 made ane trip eac'� to this port." "...The stern-wheel steamer EVA, draft 2-�/2 feet, ina�e dai.ly trips on the I7mpqua Riaer bEtween Gardiner and Scr�ttsbtirg, a distance of 20 mi�es, and al.so between Gardiner and the mouth of �he i3mpaua River, a distance o£ 9 mi.les. �uzing t'�a year the steamer EvA carried 5,847 passengers and 2,500 tons of freight. �t136 . Sc�ttsburg UMPQUA S�TEBI�LY GAZETTE for May 14 , 1854 : This issue carries an advertisement for a steamboat named the EXC�LSIDR, operated by Harrison s McTavish; the advertisement states that the EXCELSIOR wi7.l leave the wharf at Upper Scattsburg £or the mouth of the Umpqua on a tzi �aeekly basis, carrying passengars and freight. It a�so mentians sl000s and schoorsers leavina Scottsburg for the Covuil3e, among them being one named the FLY�NG CIAi7D and anothez named the l�fi3CHSHAt�T. �� Frank Leslie's Illustrated News�aper - Anril 24, 1.858 "Vesse3s af fiv� hundred tons find a dees� and safe passaqe for seven mi3es, and sma3ler craft ascend t.hirty miJ.es ta Scotts- burg - t�se head of navigation;..." ",..�t,ro small steamers ply as often as �usiness calls between the river mauth and 5cottsburg,whence come supr�lies of all kinds at reasonab�.e ra�es. Ocean steamers and sai].ing craft, direct to and fram San Francisco, offer ready means of travel and occasiona.l oppartunities for news arsd fresh supnlies." "Scotts�urg was noint af ca31 £ar ocean vessels bringzng sunplies from San Francisco to he freivhted overland to 3acksonville, Oregon and the mining tvwns in No thern California."�� "Passengers from Scottsburg and Gardiner going ta Coos Bay were taken by the steamboat EVA, to Winchester Bay at the mou#�i o� the [7inpqua. "140 9i "Between 1872 and �875, a gravel bar formed acrass tlze zi.ver cnannel betsaeen Gardiner and Scottsburg, makina it impossible for acean craft to navigate to the head of tidewater. A�ter this, the docks.ng point for large vessels was Gardiner..." "Cantain Hinsdale braught the BULLY WASHINGTON to the Umpqua River to ooerate between Gardiner and Scottsburg." "Scottsburg has now but one �ausiness house, that of C�rrus fiedden & Son. A. E. Ozauf owns and operates a tannery founded in 1852. by Levi Kent, and sends $5,040 worth of Zeat�ier to San Francisco annua].J.y. W. R. Patterson keegs a hotel. The raad fram up the ra.ver ter.ninates here and a steamer �akes tri-weekly trips to the mouth of the r�ver, carrying �assengers, trei.ght and mail.�� "Later R�ed becazne interested in stea�oating and became one of the owners of the s�eamer ARGO. He and Wi3.liam wade then built� the sternwhee� steamez RESTLESS, one af the best known riverboats in eariy days. 'I'he RESTLESS rart betweea 5cattsburg and the mouth of the Umpqua for years; from the latter locativn, Reed's broth?r, Wesley Reed took the passengers and mai� down the beach by stage ta Caos Bay."� From the 1897 Report of the Chief of Engineers, U. 5. Arnsy - fJ�npc�ua River "Scottsburg" "The receipts and shipments for the ca�endar year 1896 are reported as 17,453 tons, or abou�. 4,000 tans less than the ozeceedi.ng year. Receipts cansi.st principal�y af general merchandise and shipments of l.umber, grain, and fish.^ Shipping on t..�e Umna�a has changed considerably sinc�: the early days wnen hundreds of woaden scnooners, brigatines, anc� barks, sailed un as�d down the Pacifzc Caast supplying the large cities and new3y established towns wzth l�znber and supolies. Duri.ng this period of time, no other means of supplying t;nis demand existed and aithough tne risks were higis, the rewards for this hearty groun of inen were higher. Today on t:�e Um�ua, ships as we31 as shippinq, have changed. The railroad an�' hignway syste�ns now supply the general needs of the sr�rroun�- ing towns. The economy of the lawer river is dependent main�.y on ti�er, fish and sand and gravel resources. Tourism, dairying and shea? are also important to some extent. River tzaffic on the Umn��a River between 1960 and 1969 averaaed 810,000 tons anr,ua�ly. 6n the Smith Rivez, the Um�ua's iargest tribu- tary, averaaes far the same period totaled 457,000 tons annua�ly.� Lur� er and vimber related activities make up the largest extent af river traffic an the Uin�aua. Rafted logs account for more than 50 per- cent of the yearly tonnage, wit?� Z3 nercent far fvel, oil and lunber u} i ��..�� ] � �� .. ' , � � � y` ' / �5 _' 1 , \ .�� i��{��rY:� � �r- r �r �'�?.�� :� � . �. « �.-'�'� �. ` __ �'~' � � � d� r � �:�-��_�4� � / �`-" �. f 5.2..'�r �'�'��w . � � �� ._��'�_3 1 L``�i� :+i� � .r � .x � _ _�7 .:. q� � � ti� � � �► � � � ..�� .�r �� ....��_ � �� `1! � �r j ,� r � ��f � ��i`, - _� �� .,, "';� Z � - q� � � - � $ `� / Lf� .,,�� r - 1 # � � - ,,� 'i+ � . ! ��, �'r s' i - rs � � _ . �' ! �!? �3�-' �, ,� . _ � � � - �� ' �� ' kj' �� ,a �y.� ' . ' : �-� �'�`,-� ��` •� � = � �' r � � a - � ..'�� _�,. naa - +� 1. , w . ... �, i 1tw.a�a� ��ia'��ti..:_��Ra...:x:. � � — — -�. i = F � � `�t� �, ' .'�~, � �'- , ' ,� , � f� 3 ` ~ � .� t " �_� -�� _ • � Y4 . � s�.''' �- :� �� ` r � - - ' - - -- ._...r� � �r� -.. SiW.'�-.c''�i: a� �.'��35 � ..O�e th` m_1 { C�,nc � �nn � aa `�-` � �; .t�'.� ... � � _,,.._ .. �.��.,, � _ „ ^';�',�.�,��; �ti -'. J�4�� J�x�_�. r. ' _`�. ��`--'+ .� dr � y� ��__ , - _ } � _�_ + . . ' _ - ' SmEA:ER - Adel, August, 1913 on the U..�paua River. ?5 1 , ,•: : �'�`, k � �' �� :i :t : =��.. -,�:.��. �:: =� =�, �.- �;.: y' �.S . �Y- ::._ .�+P 3`� w�-�� X i' � K� � _ ' �b . ti_ �; * ' �;,-�' �: � � �, � ,L_ ..: �n {� y - . � �:� -� ,+. •„ - r,ri € � ; � r:-. ° � � "P- _ � � :� � `� � � • I , 5'.� M .t�� +L { Y� :� -,� '1=.� � ,5+ 7 � •- �„_ M i � -,:+� . • � . �' Y. 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'?r�� r � �a � � 'c -' '-^."'7��-ir =^' � � �....t_�s+� �'r'�`�r�C"= �! �� - " �.� �� ..�F`+'r, : lt . �� _ _' _ �.�-� �-�-_~ BEULAH �. �: : � .. � �. � = �-.� _ �—_ � = --�=, ��_."' __. " -- — — �; 1�0 �=„ � ' -� � � - _ ', . �'"� . ,� \ , _ ` � '� , � -, - _�� o - _��-� . ... _ - � _�� `"�`� � -„ � 0 . � ,, --�--�. - , ' `.� ��,��f �,;, '� 1; ,�',�''',�, `� �� - �4 , [ � •�{. �1 `i i + � �1 T � 1 � �; 1 � I { j. i rf .' !'{�� '� _ � ; .�� 1 �,�:� , ' i;', i � , � ; � {'_� � 1 �' /� r � 4 {: ,�L � i � - -� � � 1 ,1 � � �..;� `� L. k�..� 3 U �,.��.,� I ` ' f , ' y �, �� i� . 1 � �:1 S.E� Vj +"� �, � � 4 � � ,. r, l� , O � O ~ ~I., � ; � � �. ;-i x ti; ,r' , ' r e �+' 1 S � �-, �.+ IY 1 1 1 1 � � r'-� .�. . I '(f � �+. 1 . � � , c cv --r � I.,I+ � ! �.:1 '� r {� �1�'' � � � � �.^ � �' � ,�' �� ({ Ci 7 C {r' `'�i.�F1� f i ` S r•. ,1 • ;,-, y� n �� : sf�'- �I '. l �y N ' � � ,; �� "; � ` � . ,f �:� � . 1 � +� � ,N CJ J-J '. r ' r ' � � { r � � ��' i'" � C � � :•� , � C L �C r . ; �S �+��'' . #�$�� 0 :J C 4, f . ,`, i �, � �'rr � � -y .� i � { iF :�1��'i-}sy: � � j' �}� �� r1 �� •'� "�� '�:r�'�ttu%tir •1.i�� '� q C1 M ; '-! %, � $ t � • r 1 � � c' ^ �^. • � _ _ .. . , �,��i � i I;'� :ja'i� f ; ,-� , i, � ,y�� ` � - x -:; �--��;y� � h� ��`;� G � .� ; - :;;:,� . 7� 1� � ., `�,� o � • � �� e� �;��:r � �! �� '��' � � k ; � ; =�� :�� , -�.�-�.�.- _. , 1 L shipments and the remaining 37 percent being sand and g:avel and coinmer- cial harvest of fish. On the Smith R.iver, ra£ted logs make ua 94 nercent i of the river'� the remaining �0 percent be:ng sand, gravel and crushed rock. UndersLandably, with the high ratie of timber related river usage, paper, plywooc3, and lumber �nills are numezous in t:'�e lower river system. Commercial fishing in the area is located in winchester Bay and the sand and grave3 operation is based at R�aodsport. Bel.ow is a Izstina of the area's majar manufacturers an the Zower Umperua: MA�TOR *4ANL)F'ACTURERS . - LOWER i7MPOUA Name winc:�ester Bay Seafood Company International Paper Coinpany Sportsmen's Cannery Gardi.ner Paper Mill 5alman Harbor Seafood Inc. U. 5. P�ywood T�hitcomk� Loggi.ng Comnany Reedst�ort Mill Co�any G and C Loqging Comoany Bohemia L�m�ber Company L7�npqua River Navigation Compas�y The Vmpqua River Navigation Company`s sand and gravel operatian has removed vver 4,680,00� cubic yards of gravel from the Um�qua River system since Z949. SE�ween the year of 1965 and 1970, arinuaZ averages amounted to anQraximate�y 240,000 cubic yards, Proc�uct Seafood and mink food Plywood and lumber-chins Salmon nrocessing Papez products SeafQOd canning Fir Veneer Contract J.ogging Lua�be r Logging Launber products Sand and gravel/tug :he co�erciai fis :izg i;,dt;strY I�ca4z� �:;•7i :chaste: B�y c�ss2s , rr�., a variety o� fish, crab and shrimp. Harvest mainly consists af shad and striped bass, crai�s and ciams, coho and chinook. The table below shows the cammercia3 harvesL received at Winchester Bay for the year 7.971: Species Harvest Po�ands Fisherman Va1ue Groundfish Crab Goho rL _.7 asiau Shrimp Striaed Bass Chinook Albacore Tuna Clams Smelt Pinks Green Sturgeors Tota�s 4,55I,7d2 809 ,070 781,631 �nc. �oFg 8�,330 56,321 26,377 J,3,756 7,459 5,976 1,58a 50 6,592,210 _�}� $37S,OOQ 283,000 24S ,000 3q �o,oaa 9 , 000 15,000 4.OQQ 1,000 2,000 $978, 00� VE55ELS TfiAT SERVED THE OMPQUA RIVER SAIL: SAMIIEL I21�BERT'S KATE iiEATH TWIN 5I5TERS �3 . B . I.EED$ PE£RLESS LOL3I5A r1ADI50t� EMM.� B RC7WN ACTIVE HAYES PACIFIC SEA GULL CHESAPEP.I� EN�'ERFF2ISE SAN BIIEDIA VENT[JRA MAGGIE C. MC3CIiSHAW MARY CLh'YELAND OF2TOLAN LILY BEUS.,i�H SADTE Li7CY I�OIIISE CAROLI3IE ELLEN H . F700B UMPQIIA ALMI1tA ORCHILLA P�I�PSICA DORA BLUHM RUSS CHALLEDfGER WILLIAM F . BRDWi3E I..AURA MADSEN WIbiG ANL? WING 2�EC LELLAN ANDREW RAY CAPACITY HAR��ET M�NE RVA COMMODOitE PP�EBLE EMILY FARNFIAM FAWN BOBY,INIC FRANCIS HELEN ZAI�fPA FLYING CIAUD S2'EAM POWER: WAS Fi INGTaN RESTLESS tiMPQi3A ARGO SWA.'V TIGER HINSDAI.� EVA ATT.AS ALEXP.NDER DfI:3CAN ENTERPR2SE FiUrITER J'L�Na lst, 2nd, 3rd G. C. LI�IAAUE�t ADEL �� GLEANER ?03 The written ronance o` many of Orecon`s rivers wo�lc not �e co��lete should the writer fail to include also t�e -o��nce of t�e Zum:,er incus*ry. :lany of Ore�on's rivPrs, as is the Umnaua, as shown in this �ic�ure, are usec as � means o` trans�ortation for lag ra�ts �rom au�c to mill. :'.ere a�oler is sho4�n ��acing a 1og in a raft ?osition. Oregon State .iichway Cor.riissio� Pnoto Y4765. �V4 � � � � � �� 0 U CR � J I i I � t � � .+ ( 1 � !'� [ t t f� � ,l , ; �� 'ljM.�� ,�� r, i� ! �r 1� , [ �� ' 1, j � r 1 � �� , � L I ,�!1 f 1 �'��. ' ��i i � �. �� a �,� ' J� � ,l 1 li i , � 11 �; ��'11� �1, ', ! i ' � �T � ''. � . � � ii �� f i ' '� � r � ''� �I,: �� t� � . � �` ��i,{; �� :� � �� ,� � � �� 11� ��*�, _ �c ,'�. �, � , -... _3 .- _ _ .-, = �: � - � _ - ` � _ . .i �ir - '. � . - _ . _ . -� _ _ . �+ : �- - -- . - i �' _�-. - - --..� " '- -'" __ _ �� ' ' _ ' _ �, F - -- �_.= -` Qregon's grea�est industrp fs 3vmbering ans3 �iaber operations, �r�ch �ielcis 3ome six �,o eigk�� b'�lion baard feet o� sa ti�er annua]1y. Down the �ivars cor�e the logs� usua7lp raftatl and movsd �ry tugboat, as shoRn :Lere at �he mou�.h of i�,he II�ava ri�sr a't Raeds�or� ia, Douglas CQtur��. Oregon S�,ata Ftighway Denart,xaerit ?�io�to �Y� x2. _OG LOG ARIVES In£ormation concerning ].og drives on the Umngua ?tiver is almost nonexis�ent. I faund that individua�.s participatzng in these log drive attempts had apparent3y died or moved away years ago. The best I could cos¢e up with was "hearsay" stories fr4m the people that had known someone who worked along the river during thzs period of time. Another grablein; log driving was appazently not considerea too newswort?�y, as nothing was printed on the stinject unless it happened to be extreinely controversial or promised a great econotnic gain for a particular Zocality. 7'here were, however, bits and pieces of information ci,tina attempts made to drive 3ogs down t:�e.North Fork, and even revorts of an attemQ� to drive 3.umber on the South Fork--bo�n ended in disaster. The logs want through the catch dam at Winchester and out tv sea. The lumber, bundled to keep it intact, broke up and scattered along both banks af the South Fork for miles. As the story goes, many fine housas along the South Fork were �atez built fram this l�unber.�' The lvwer reaches of the l7mpqua River system were traditianally, and are still used taday,foz tize transpoztatian af logs. Logs were rafted to Gardiner from S�t� Rivez and a3sa fram Mill and Ca�n Creek near Scottsburg, as we11 as from other Iocations,151, 152 It is not hazd to understand the lack of success at �riviag logs on the upper reaches of �he UmDqua River wnen yau cor.sider the gradient an both the I3orth arid South Fozks , the solid bedrack bottom (sometimes consisting of many small channe�.$), and tne nutnerous in-channel obstructions and rodc outcroppings. The U. S. Government, in an attempt ta stimuiate �he arowth and economy, enacted a useful tool ca�led the Timber Act of 1$78. This act gave Oregon, washington, Caiifornia a_rid Nevada Territory the authority ta sell to any interestec� party, with title in 5D days', 160 acres °or on].y $2.25 per acre. The saZ� wit_� no assessnent work requirements az residence stipu�ations. In spite of this, t�e resi�ents along the 23orth For3c of the Umpc;ua failed to take advaritage of this apparent lucrative situatian--not surprising, however, when you consider that this area was sti1Z remotie from the markets and mills, with no adequate means to transport �ogs to these sources, and apparently no one seriously considered the North Fork of the Um�qua caoahZe af transporting logs. �r� The interest in the timber was renewed in 1901 when a man cal�ed Fred Blakeley from fioledo, Ohio formed the Oregon Boom and Timber Camp.any and began buying un timber. He also p�rchased the a�itclaim righ�t for floatinQ, transnozting a.nd booming lags, lumber, timber and wood on the Llmnqua Ri.ver from a Mr. Moore C. Gregozy. Then, late in 1901., he successfully petitioned the Douglas Caunty Court for permission to use "giant" powder to improve the Umpqua £or 1og drives lay blasting obstructions clear of the channel. In 1902 Blakeley purchased the Wi.nchester dam anc3 townsite from a man named Dumbletan. He was later granted their first contract under a state law so4n ta be declazed unconstitutional--and the court battZe was on. The editoz of the RQSebuzg Plaindealer fough'� the pzonosed use of the Umpqua bitterly. Blakeley's lawyer finally nego- tiated a new contract and the caurt decided in favor of the cor.'inany with the conditions that private timbez owners could float their own lags �own the river and that a new dam and mi11. he built at Winchester.�'�� Work finalZy began on both the new dam and mi11 site and the improvement of the channe�. When they bZasted to widen the channel `or l.og baoms, they b�ew u� the Indians` fishinc7 sites along wit3z it. No one was cancerned, however, because, with the new dam at winchester, the fish wou�d na Ionger be able to get up the river anyway. On April 25, 3904, the BIG news of the day in the Roseburg Review was: "FOFtER[JNNER OF BIG PROJ£C�' - Orecon Boom and Tir,�er Company to bui1� a temnorazy mill--barrinc unforeseen accidents, inside of the next sixty days a sawmill wi��h a daily ca�a- � city vf 35,000 feet will be in full oneratian at Winchester. Today the Qregon Boom & fiimber Co., *_ize concern that wi31 own and operate the sawmill, put a force of 24 mea to work raising the dam at Winchester, buil�ing cribs and a boom and daing other work preparatory to carrying on a qenera� sawmz�.l business. Next week another force of inen wil3 be sent �p the river to cut logs and sta�t them dawn C.tie stream to the boom that is being prepared for tham at the dam. Out of these loqs will be cut the material foz which the sawmill wi�l be built. Same idea of the magnitude of the business project talanned by the 0. B. & T. may be gleaned from the fact that this mi11 wi11 be merely a temnorary affair and a forezunner to the innnense sawmil3s �hat the cocnpany wi.J.3, have in oneration at Winchester witha.n the next few years. ...Plans checked because of raise inrates by S. P. R. R. for transportation of lumbez..." The Oregon Boom and Tzmber Company's new mi�l at Winchester was buiit and apparently was successful. However, their a�temnts to use the North Fork for transporting Iogs did not succeed. Most likely, t!�ey were resolved to nay the higher freigi�t costs demanded by the railroad. . ;ns � . �'�� 1 _ 1 __ '. .� � v_+�.'�� .�.r - . fJ � �� '4, \ ��"� . .. . . ..,. �. � f �,�� . �'`� � <� _ +� �- � r.- - - - � �c-�s-r �. T r "" r � �, _ .. . i.+ - - . �/ \ . r . - - t�' . -. . . - l� _ _ .. . " sr � s � .. - . ' • ��' . I 4 � y `� '�i'7� � .. �`r�" Y _r - � . ' ,. ii _ �' .�' 1� , - . • �. 'r � � .... � "� s �� _ � . ' . _ � . ' 1 ', �, . �, , e? - ,�'• - � _ - ? � y ., � • ^" � - � �.k .?�. -�-"� .. ,'� `.y ( " �ty' �j.].. _. ' '- .T � ' '1�. � =?I i � ` .v. i � '•rJ T ' _ _. s,�l i � ,Y. r6�.X�.� ; � `T�?V, . , � � � ' � . } � +;, � - r � .�' - ` � �; `� 's,.�'yv'.ar�1�.f �p "� r�`� , . . , , �... - _ . _ �"M� '^""Y'�.. ��'°�� S � .�� .. �`-�>'� � � %�= ,T ,. x; �'' -" -'_�- ` 1- .��,i� ti_...*ww �. .` �� . � �S a7• J �„J�A� � i� . `� �"'Y �� ' v �r _ � � .�� ~.�, �h �,eir �-r� �-:Z•;�r``i' s�� - ��f��_-•�^�i"�'��w.�;�'�.��1,� tw._ � ��'^��, .,, � ��aG +'�� _ � �� 1F� � =� �r� :i•-, �a�...�� yt .. � � �r� �, . � � ' � .� � p' �� •��C��[l, �� . � �`(. . � 1 ` �� .�c. N��La'!` � r. �Y�� . FX�J� ` ��;� �i"L � ` f� , � j 1 ♦ � � � . '� ! � l �.J/� c �� '.1��1� �' � � .� �':t � ��a _ _ � �d00D DRIVE Aiv7 CREW - �;le �oole drive from Tiller or the So�th Lr:.t�qsa, 188�. Hign water �arake boon at RoseburQ, Zosing entire drive. Z�p . _� _ _ � - -„ _.� � ��=.�*� 4_' ! ' . .. - � . � ... . �_ :a___. .� . _ ��. ^ _ . . _ '. , . _ :�'_ i.ns � _ -��r.+�- _ - —� ' 1 � _ - ' ' . 1 y- ^ A{- �`"`� ^ _ ��-�� _ 1 � �� '� _ � 1�� . _ Gs_ � z _ " " __ � _�� -� �r w � _ �_ ' _ . _y.{ - " -_ - ' _ ".._�-.;.� - _� - . _ . � _ -_ - :� '^ 1=..- .�ti� -_ _� - � . '�-- .. �'_ - - - ! � ` ��.r--. , y -_ _=��`j`.`,�.� , ~_'= _ - -: _ �a��! - ��_��_ - � �� _ � 1vV:�t��-. � � . �� _� _ .-� _-- `-- __ � -_ _.�l Jr"��+- � ,. _ - _ * � ^4- ' - � �' � � _ _ �� . �� . . � ' ' '�++i� � • � :.OG DRIVE - *Iorth L'mpaua a}�ave j�'inchester Not too successful! _�0 ' .�;�:��,=�,�� . - :�� , r-.7_ .-_ v' :. } __ ' ti � "M�. _' ' �.��„" - ,��s +u �� 1 �� : i� �i� �a �t� � . 4�� 1 ,''r � _ � � � •�� n � ! � - 1- s � rC� �� -__._�-'z�."'�!'!'T � .:�,_>>k- .� - �.R _,� � '�f �_� � � s,.' �, .�.: .. �j 1 ''►' .,�i �Y . � 1� �� .�� - • � � � "� 1 � :~� ' '� . �. ��ti� LOG �icl�TE - I�Si11 Creek, tributary o � the Umpqua r'L�.' vez. x�- � , : ..:,, + ,r� J�� V i * � 2 �S "1.:�y �.,�i`.� �. isc,"r�„"i+ar• �� .�A � � _� - .. � � rJ � � ��'� �. -'r'i � - : � � �� " � Y j r � -. " � �� "r`_, . �..�� ,�:� .. -� —.� ' ' Ill When logging was done a�ong smaller streams it was o�ten necessary to construct a series of splash az fload dams when the normal water flow was not enough to float the huae logs dawnstream. The unper dazn wou�d hold back the water and w}�en conditions were rzght for a log drive to cor�unence, the water would then be released bybZo+aing or izfting the gates .nf the dam, fJ.00ding the -�ogs fzom one �am to the next until �.he logs reacn the main river � ' Lane County Historian � � --. ; ' -�'�+ � � :..�� `,: �. �� ; �:.'�;- . � r�*..t.� C : . � x �: Y- �:r� :a'�� ..� 8�... r •,�. , T _ �'�� T a�� "�� '.��;�� ' , �` '� '� �x.: w..:�"'f'� '"" yx �''*� �• ; y :�` r � .. . • �� r 'rC r ,�.'' c I � �.' . �7i��t'��„S;1!3,Y "�y�•.jy4'',��sF�•--�' t "• ' 9 K � � �� .. Y'y'� �� . r. - h�� t 4*'-• y �' H' '�� ,��" r�� . � . �� "'� � � �y�� S �:. j..,•�y��i ,,. .. ' r � �, �', z g � - :i � � . 7� ' �'�� . z t �` k ,i., � ' 7 • �' ., ,.� � � � . - � 'd!+-�, � t k; '•� � : k r ; +� �; ,; ` � ^ �, � , '�Ti�� .!~ � i �� . � �� '� r' �` • � � � � � t i � ' �Y "y,: �J . , � _ �+v�� .�, J, �� .r_ :.S`� _ �� ::M $.z= �s,�f� . ` r�� = " �_ ,- I � ..c " �.=i�--��_C` �•�;_� _ ..� :�-�- ,. ,,,r� ,a�'r � ry � � � `� � - � { � ' r. j l+- _ i 7� wa�-.� 'tS N � -.. T r �in . � ..��., �W - _�'rk�1� `• �, ,�.��. . .-�' y . �. ' {' ��Jn' = -7� � , C� ,i • �>�. ��►�' �,�++: ' �.,. � �"?~- �: r�� '°� � . :�'�'�.. � � � . �.�1 . , � ~r .G�! �' � _ � +Jpr. • �.�Al c . . 1` _��. ' Q.. ' y�3 ��'� -� f`'�� _ . �_ � . ; '��'� ;,� ' _ _ .., ' �'•'�-��",-: �� y.Y � ��'�t:� � r .��- S `, . . r�d� �-.. _ �}� T � - _ - � _ _ ��i m , '' . ,� r'$�'� `__��i ,'-':1.' _.,.a '" :.yi�:z" , -.-'r� `� •�t. - � ��:�i ' •r�H ��.�' I� .-, a �, •-� . �� y 'y�� . � ;� ` f `1 � R � k ! rr � �� - � •, �� ,. ,t .: �. _ �,� . . � �#. �7L r _ • �: : - � x � - �r--a�' �` - �� :Y�'ICAL SPI.ASH DA.�: - Canv C�eek ; � ': i � �,''Jr � F ?'��_,�¢- �;u �;;=�e� 4� ;{ �L.{'+'. �, Y ,;� �� }y lr.l�� k p k?t�,� .� .�--- . � ! �; t� .� i . "_,S' BITILDIi1G S�LASii DAM - Cang Creek 11 : �C�� , • ' r` � -. 1 � � �� '- r :,,-- _ � �� : _ "�`.�. '.. �� yL~_h�rM�1"� .��•��i�'. ;�.�1-_��'TT � ._ ,� � � ' � � F �..:= ��°� ��►�,..-.:'- ...:. +� � � � �� y� �`' -� .�_..�ti :�"��3 �� . 4 �. `a I met with representatzves af the Umpqua River �avigatian Company and talke� with them about t�e company's role in the hzstory of navigation of the Um�oaua River. Their cor�nents indicated that the comnany's use of the river was 1i.mzted to the lower section (between Scattsburg and the mouth}. T'hey recalled rafting logs :rom t'�e Interna�ional Paper Com�any's lag deu�p located aporoximately 350 yards upstrea�n of tt�e Scotts�urg bridge and, also from a lag d��a owned by E. K. Woods, iocatec3 as�nroximate].y 30d yards downstream of the Scottsburg bridge. They stated that during tY�e I.ate 1930's, ear].y 1°4�'s, they made at 3.east two runs a day (at high tide}, They also adc�ed that log drives took olace on Mi13 Cze�k (tribe�tary of the (3mp�a River) located at river mile 24.2 and Camp Creek, a tril�utary of Mill Creek {see photos af splash dams). However, none of them were aware of any 3.og drivzng activity talcing place abave Scottsburg. Mz. George P,bdi31 and Mrs, Lavola Bakken of the Douglas County *�uset�m were considerab3e he3� in zunning down existing information on Iog drive � attempts on the North and 5outh Umncrua. 'z7ze}r bvtts searched for written material but found vezy Zittle. Both have talked to peop�e who had perscnal ]csiowledge of the attempts but did not knaw af these peop�e's residence. Exact dates and details are not known, hawever, aJ.1 the peaole triey had talkes� to confirmed the fact that the twv attempts an tha Nor�� Umpqua and the one attemnt to drive lumber an the South t7mpqua en�ed in £aiZure--with the logs on the North Fork goi.ng through the dara at Winchester and out to the ocean, and the Iumber on-the South Fork breaking up and spreadzng both banks with Zumber for a considerable distance. ,.. r , � J �PP?20Y.It=,P.'�"E ?Z?�l �-�0 lla x�c�a��arraL SOATSIQG Apparent].y, there has never been a study for tha purpose of determining the extent of the recreatzonal boating on the Umnc�ua Riner. River guicies that wark the Ua�pqua also work the R�gue and McKenzie during the same seasan. License require�ents supn3y no actuaJ, break- dawn of the n�nber of tzips made annua�ly an each river. Since studies or rer�orts of this nature have never been under- Laken, znfoz�mation in this secti.on of the report is 3iinited to that obtained from persanal contact wi.th indzviduals d.irect�y ar i.ndirectl.y invo3.ved in the recreational and commercial use of the Umnaua River. The Umpqua River provides a year-around recreationaZ fishery resource. There are aleven races of sa3.mon and trout of whicz six are anadromous and use the rivez system for spawning and juveni�e reazing. 5had, sturgeon, striped bass, and other species of wazm watez �ish are also availah3e in restzi.cted portions of the river systetn. At any garticular time af the year, where yau wzl.l tish and what yoti wil� be fishing for, is determined by the variation af the compo- sition of the river syste�n and the different biological requirements of species ana �aces, and to some extent, the hatchery reZease procrams. (See �able) The channe3 �ram the mauth ta Re�dsport is rnaintained for large ships,and basge tratfic. From �teedsport tn Scottsburg the channel supports barge traffic and larger pleasure craft. Above 5cottsburg the �sannel characteristics are suci� that the use of shallow dra€t flat battom boats with "jet" units is recois�mended. For those who nrefer--guides are avai�able. Individuals contacted concurred that about e_ght prpfessional guides were working rhe L'm�qua River at the time of this rapart. Fees for this service ran�ed from $30 to $54 pez person per day. Boa� occupancy is usually twn to four people a.�� :e average guade wi11 work between 60 to 80 days per season. Some of the r,ioze ponulaz runs an the main Umpaua River include: '�ee to Yellow Creek, 5awvers Ranids to Scottsbura. Scattsbura ta Mill Creek, and the rorks �o Cleveland Rapids. On the Fork they axes 'Phe Winchester Dam area, and Co3lidzng Rivezs to �istlezs Send. On t.`se South Fork, from Til�er to Roseburc3 is a very pooular rurs. The mouth of :�yrtle Creek and the mouth of Cow Creek aze also considered ideal locations. li� A fisherr.ian tests his luck in C7regon's :�orth 'Jmpcua ?�ve� 4�� iles { east o� Rose�urg. ?•iuch of ti�e stream is for f�y fis�ler*-1en on�.y, anc lur'•:i*�Q �rout and steelhead �rovide a stern test =or the ar.cl�r. »s y�t larcel�a �.,�zciscovered �av £is`�er�en, the :dorth linnqua at 5�ear�oat is cai:�i.^.g Pror.iine:^ce as a staelhe3d s�ream. Oreaon State �.ighway De�artment P!�oto _do. G131. i"}� r'�rPSZ�X�'�:,T� n:'. 1b5 119 ! Sahite taater o�fers a tine anglina s^ot for t:�is fisherman along t`�e iaorth U:^ncrua River ir. the Cascade ��3oun�airs of southern Or�c,:or.. :':�ere is fishinc to sui� a variety o� tas�es in this evezgreen `�lorthwest stat�. � �_ , , , ; f^ trou� s � ti- �,: ; e t�- '�di.°S d3"iu 7�rCd1Tt5 _+�t:+vluc cX�.c�..FCii4 3iiyii.+±y vi 3.T'�.. '�'�.•-- Pacific Qcean offers onoortunit�.es for landing salmon, cod, tuna, sea bass and other salt water varieties. (Oregon State I�ighway repart�ent Photo 7087.} ��n � r 0 rS tD � O � O (D � n� �s � � c� � rr O rn � w N � a � � � �• r � � r-�• � iD � � � � n � � � � rr ]- m ro o A� ''3 r• c G W in a " � �i a � n � A. rr r� n i o n r� c� r• cn rr u� � rt � q. 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Bauer, Aquatic BioZogist with the Oregon Departmeat of Fish a.nd wiidlife, commented th at on a fish cocutt flight he counted 79 boats located within a five-mile stretch of the river upstream of Scottsburg. This prompte� him to �egin taking boat counts on the Umpqua River. Since then ha has made flights on two separate occasions� (May 8 and 15) and from the Forks downstreaus to Scottsburc}, he counted 101 boats and 29 bank fishezmen an the Bth and 58 boats and seven bank fisherinen on the �Sth. Bath are goad indications of the reczeatianal baating Use of the UmQqua. Boatin� on the IImpaua -- be�ow Wel? s Creek �i � �} - !r'�,�i. r i " � `: � 2� C Y� 'R ' 4 � - � �- � . L •.,- . � \ ':y ' .L . F ,� '� �,. 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" �' =� �. �:t t�� SUM.*lA13X In 1850, the FJmnqua River became the much neeaed gateway through the Coast Range and into the interiar of Oregon. During this period between 1850 and about 1856, 5cattsbuz�g was ti�e main port oF entsy on the thnpqua River. At this tz.me Scottsburg was considered to be both the head of tidewater and the head of navigata.on. Scottsburg was, zn fact, the supply route for southern Oregon and narthern Californza. Since there were no roads, suppZies were tzansferred from the incoming ships to pack mu�.es and then tzanst�orted along mountain tzaiZs to their destinations. It is interesting to note that even though there were no roads passable ex�ept with harses, the river ai�ove Scotts- � burg was nat used for trarrsportation af goods. _ 5hortly after Scottsb�rg hecame the trade center of the sauthwest, C�ztis Strattan attempted ta nrove the £easibility of using flat�oats between Raseburg and 5cottshurg. This ended in failurE and no other serious attemnt to navigate the upoer reaches of the Umperua came abaut until the Swan, piloted by Captain Hahn made the trip to R�seburg duzing the manttt of Februazy, 1870_ The river level was at fouz feet above low water and even at this lev�1 the craft was pushed and prodded and pulled unriver by men, horses and a mechanica3 donkey. The trip was reportedly done salely foz the purpose of securing a governrnent appropriation for the imnrovement of the river c4�annel far navigation. In this res�ect, the venture was successful. ':'�e_money was sacnred from Congress and the channe3 work com�leted. In spite of all this, the up�er rivex would never be used `�r trans�er er c.,sWerce. I think is is a.mgortant to out�.ine some paints that might show why the upper Um�qua River was not used.for navigation: 1. R2VER CFiARAC`�'ER: The character of the rzver c'�anges at Scottsburg from a sand and gravel bottom to a solid bedrock battom--consisting o� r.lany channeZs and can best be described as a succession of rapids wi�h slack water between. 2. GRAfl2E23T: In t.�e Iowez reaches, gradient is certainly no draw- back to navigatzon. However, in the upper reaches of thP Nnrth a�r� .�n�„th Forks, slones of 10-1/2 ta 11 Feet per �ile exist. 3, FLOw: This provides a majoz obstacie foz consideration. The South FJmpqua River pzactically dries up during the sunvner months, the North Fork susta�.ning 90 percent of the flow at Elktan. «ater levels suita}�le to pzavide enough depth for a craft capable of being used for cor�mierce is generally available anly five or six mont:�s out a£ th� year, and this is considered to be a conservative estimate. l�S 4. CURRENT: Current would not necessari3y provide any particular prab3ems today, however, duzing `he early years of statehood, steam-driven craft did not have the power to t�avel past ranid c�rrEnt areas without the aid af linES and other ineans of assistance. ReGa3li.ng the U. S. Corps � of �gineer's report dated Aprii 6, 1872, iti was concluded that gutting the river znta one channel solved the proble�s�s o� depth and obstacles, but did not solve the probZem of raoid current. This procedure genera3.J,y increases the rapi�ity af the current. 5. ALTERNATE ROUTES: 'I'his o� course is another major factor for not using the upper reach of the �mpqua for transportation of qoods. During 5cvttsburg's earZy years af success, no adeQUate roads e:�isLe�. However, supplies leaving 5cottsburg cou.�d reach R�seburg in a"cauple of days" by mule train and four or five days by wagon when the roads were fina�ly nuilt in 185Z. Zn I872 t,'�e railroad lines from Portland sout.h to Raseburg were comp3.eted and su�u�ies could tiravel either way in about one day. Cost af running a sternwheeler between Scottsburg and Roseburg exceeded the profits that coula be desaanded when competing with other tzansportation systesns. wz,th the raz�road lines branching out it was evident that river transpor on the [impqua was short Iived. � Lhink the report of the U. S. Corgs of Engineers dated As�ril 6, I872 su�marizes the question quite well in the statement, "�f it does not pay to navigate the riyer now, before the railroad comes into competition, ` it certainly will not af�.en+ard". CONCI.USI aN Histozical,l.y, Scattsbuzg became the main port of entry on the IImnaua Rivez because it was the furtherm�st noint upriver cargo vessels could successfuily traverse. Assvming that it was more desirab}�e to gain wat�r entry to th is furthest noint upstreasn (since na raads existed), you coa].d easiJ.y conclude that all atte�ts were made to locate this point. Further- more, even after steam nower came into use on the river, Scottsburg zemained �ne highest point on t�e river to wnicn goods were tzansported. . Physical inspection of the river �haracter in the vicinity of Scotts- buzg zeuealed watez degths of on�y four to six feet at low water. Above iL__ rL_ ._.____� L„�__, � ,_.�___ ...F ��.�.7.. �...7 ....-...7.. n....7 i., ...-...7 ......1.. L... L1i1S � L.11C t1vCL IiCL:U«<CJ G SCL1C7 V� l.flf-+1�35 ¢llu �+vl� G11u 1J �i�CU vialr iJs smaZl craft such as "jet"-ecuipped flat bottomed boats and arift boats. IIse of this section of river in the vicinity of Scottsbuzg by tvg boats to zaft logs took p3ace during the iata 1930's and early 1940's and utilized the �iver as far as 1,000 feet abave the 5cattsburg bridge. How- ever, high tides were requized in order to make successful entrance and exit trips. Even dflwnstraam of Scottsburg, the Urapaua Navigation Company has to wai�t for high tide to move gravel barges. � ?r ! c In view of aIl the surrounding circ�stances clearly nointing ont that the river above Scottsburg was not �iistorica�.ly used for commerce and is not susceptible to present day methods, I fee� there is not sufficient evic�ence of nast, present, or notential a.ntrastate commerce to claim navigahility above that point of the Um�qua River known as the International Papez Caa�pany 1og dump--Iocated above the 5cottsburg bridge appraximately 1,000 feEt on the rig�it bank at river mz].e 27.8. 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"' ;� „ n��h�r.r�.7. .e�:;drts��',. _ ?�-.1. _�tr�-`r�w � �r,.i� � i 'e�' � � - _'` �'�- "' ' `� .��s� ^''r `"' 'r�`�`s.� �F '�' � � ��.5.�: r w.�� ` +�� ' �� F • ��"'- � 7' � i * �"8 � 4s-r-.r _ 7' Y {' �.a��,�,.��„�- _ ' °S�.-•, ��T � � 1��7- � - � � . r. ^ � � � �� ■r�CL: gf 1� _�tp w � � '� ��,�^ _�c , t��-r�.. � �' �.�' 1 � � i- � ��•— " � T - .. �4� � �:; y� � �� 1 yc � lf r J- .a+-� �' � . �, nC� ' 1 �+^ �' W �"" �a: Y3. ��"' -R�'. i S �. S' �``;�r „� � , �' :�_.�+�.Yr�� - ,4 r; -� w � .�#� .'^, r'4� � t,,. : : � �� rltJt � 1. - � � i ' i � �� _ 'a� -. _�� ..�(� �"O.F,�. ' L�•'� �--C._�f. �''fS� ! S''iti: ��.ta_�` ��^-�..._. . , . . _4' S. V��''�._'y+� �. � L�:�-s. . , �.a �� _�S; �� ` . �. ,_ y �� .`� �-'' � �� 1 ^, .^. APP��DI X ��. 2 J UMPQi3A ?�IVER C;3RONOIAGICFiL HiSTOP.Y 1850 - August 4, the s�haaner Samuel Rs�berts entered the L'm�ua. 1850 - Scottsburg became the trading center of the southwes�. 1850 - No roads to 5cottsburg aassa.b�e excegt with horses--no use of Umpqua ?tiver above Scottsburg. 185D - Curtis Stratton atter�nted to demonstrate the feasibili.ty of using flatboats between Fcoseburq and Scottsbuzg--not sucessfuZ. 185Z - Faunding of Crescent Czty 8raws off same of Scottsburg's trade. 1852 - Caatai.n Kznsdale went to the wil�araette and �aucht the iron prapeller i�iashington for �se between Scotts�urg and �he mauth. 1858 - Only two of the oriqinal 15 stores remained at Scottsburg. 1861 - Flood demeZished lower Scattsburg--only one business remained. 1862 - Gardiner was fast beco�ing the main t�ort of entry--small steamers tr.aveled unstream to Scottsburg. 1$65 - M. �:. Melvin tooit bil� to C ongress for im�roving Upner Umpqua for navigation--congress war�ted proof that the river could be made naviaable. 1868 - Captain F:ahn became involved wit`� ��e Umr�a R�ver and did some 1�?Ve5t1c�3t? nn i r�tn r?'i�nnal imprnyament� - 1E69 - Urapqua River Stieam Naviga�ion Company was started by �ann---smali steamer Swar, bui.lt by Ha.zam Doncaster in Gardiner. 1870 - February 10, Swan s�.arted �b the �Jmpqua toward Rc>seburg. � 870 - Fe?�ruary 26, 6:40 n.m. , Swar, azr;.ved zr. R�seburg. - 1870 - Apri3 22, �ierchant and Farners Naviaation Comoany ozaanized and comnany began building the new vesse].,Enterpri.se. �$70 - September 2, Colnnel R. 5. williams and �,ieutenant �ieuer of the U. S. Corns of Enaineers beaan Umpqua River survey. 1870 -�ecar.tber Z2, U.S. Caros of Engineers report canciu�ed that t::e UIiSDQ:13 could be made naviaable for seven months a year. 1871 - January, Congress a��ronriated maney fo� chasyne3, im,nrovement. ��G 1871 - February, Steamer Enterorise atter,tnted first trin u� the Um�cua-- fai3.ed at Sawvez's Ranids. � 1871 - Aucust I2, Cantract for river improve:nent awarded to W. B. Clarke. I871 - Septer.iber �6, Rivez work comn].eted. 1872 - April 6, Follow-up inspection by U.S. Corps of Engineezs statcd that river improvements should no� have been attempted anc� recorrunended that no further apnropriation be made. I872 - GraveZ bars forsaed between Scottsburg and Gardiner--Gardi.ner begins to f�ouzish as a port. 1872 - Railroad between Portlana and R�seb�rg was completed. Z916 - Railroad between Roseburg and Coos Hay was comp�.eted. 1936 -(anpraximate�y} Attempts to drive logs and ltmi�er on tdorth and South Umnaua ended in failure. ' �.916 - Railroad to Coos Bay nassed through Reedsport--Gardiner lost its imoartance . Wzth t:�e coming of the railroads , the t1lnoQUa was no lange� car.sidered for use as a hiqhway of conunerce. 1916 - Present. Limited amount of snipping on Umpa�ua fram Gardiner and Reedspor remains--tug and barge traffic--Umgqua Navigation Company. i=i NOTES l State [•7atez Resources Board, "Umpc;ua River Basin", July 1958, p. 1. �U. S. Congrass (58th} 2nd Session I9Q3-�904, Letter frora the Secretaxy af War transmitting, with a Ietter from the Chief of Ehr,ineers, "Re�ort of Examination and Survey af the Umnqua River, Oregan", Jan. 4, 1404. Vol. 47, p. 3. �State Water Resources Board, "Umpcua River Basin", Ju�. 1958, p. �. 4 Ibid. 5 A. G. Walling, History of Southern Oreqon (?ortlan�: A. G. t�alling, Pub., �884) o. 383. �State water Resouzces Board, "Umpqua River Basin, Jul. 1958, pp. 3-3. _ �U. S. Conaress (58th), 2nd Session �903-�904, Lettez from the Secr�tary of War tzansmitting, witiz a�etter from the Cha.ef of Enaineers, "FtePort of Examination and Suzvey of the Umpqua Ftiver, Ozegon" . Jan. 4, I9�4, Vol. 47, p. 3. 8 U. S. As�y Engineez Distzict, �raft Environment Imnact Statemen-�, "Umrx;ua River and Bar, Oregon" {Partland: 1976) p. 2-2. 9 m�a. ��Division of State Las�ds, Rs.ver Charac�er 5tuny, 1975. i1 Stata Wate� Resources 3oard, "Jmpqua River Basin", Ju�.. 1958, z�p. 3-4. 1z U. S. Army £ngineer District, ❑raft Environment Inpact SratemesiC, "Umnqua River and Bar, Oregon" {port�and: 1976) p. �--2. 13 uivision of S�ate LdI1C5 ttiver c�naractQr Study, 1975. 14��te Water ?tesources Board, "IIr.ir�aua River Basin", Ju1, 1958, oD. Z15-121. Division of State Lands, Ri.ver C'�aracter 5tudy, 1?75. � Water Resourc�s �oard, "Umprua River Basin", ,7u1. 1958, nn. $7-42. 16 rbid., p. 146. 17 Ibid., PP. I�6-�37. 18 �bid. 1 �Fhid. 20 lbid.� P. I�7. ��Personal Comznunication with George B. Abdz31, Curator, Douglas County Musetan, Mar, �976. Division of 5tate Lands File n44(History). z �Wallinq, og.cit., p. 399. 2 �Socrates Schofield, "�'he Klamat�i Explorang Expedition, ].850", Oregon Historical Ouarterly, Vo�. 17 (flec. �916) p. 342. z4 WalZing, op.cit_ n. 403. 25 5chofield, op.cit., p. 341. 26 �aI3.ing, op.cit., p. 401. ��Captain AJ.bert I�yasan, ,7ournal of the 5amuel Rnberts,Douglas County fiistorical Society. � � Bright, "T`he Lost Country, Drc�pcua", Oregon Historical Quarterly (T950) Vo�. 5�, n. �l�i. 30 Lyr.�an , on , ci't. 3J- Bright. op. cit. 32 Lyman, op.cit. 33 �zi.ght, op.cit.. p. �15. 34 Ibid.. P. 1�8. 35 Lyman, op.cit. 36a..: ��.� : } „ � i]tl�ll V/ VF+� �.i4 �� N• Ai� • 37 ��an, op.ci�. 38 Bright, ap.cit., �1�. 3g Harold Avery Minter, UmnQUa Vallev Oreaon and its Pioneers, (Portland: Binford and Mort, 1967) p. 84. 4a Bright, on.cit., p. 115. 4 �LYiT�an� op.cit. 4 �1'bid. 43 $right, op.cit., p. 116. 44��an, op.cit, 4 �Bright, op.cit., n. I.I6 45 �id. 47 �inter, og.cit., o. 85. 4 aHright, op.citi., 0.117. 49 Wa3.ling, op.cit., g. 399. S �Bright, op.cit., p. 138 . 5 �i�inter, on.ci.L., p. 85. 5 �Je5se A�plegate, "Uas�qua Adventure", Oregon Histori,cal Quarteriy, {Z933) Vol. 32, o. J.37. 53 �rtin J. Sutton, 'I'he Mythi.cal State of ,7effezson (Grants Pass: �e .7osenhine County His�arical Society, 1955}, � Beckham, LnneZy Outpost: The Arnty's Fozt Umnatta, Oregon *iistozica� Society, 1972?, S �Randall V. Mills, StErnwt�eelers ua thE Col�ia,{Pacific sook, 1947? p. 95. � op.cit., g. 114 S �WaZling, op.cit., p. 84. 58 5utton, op.cit. 59 Ir1 Binder, "'I'ravel an the Main Umpaua", The Umnaua Trapner (DOUgIas County Historical Soeiety) Vol. 8, No. 4, p. S0. 60 Ibid., p- 83 - 61 Eright, op.cit. p. �20. 62 Ibid. 63 Mills, op.cit. 64 �a1].ing, ap.cit., a. 84. 6S Briaht, on.cit., n. I2Q. � op.cit., p. 84. 67 B�n�er, op.cit., p. 87 b$ M. M. Melvin, "5teamboat 'lir�und the Bend", Port Umgqna Courier Reedspart, a. 6. 69 Wal.ling, ap.ezt., p. 385. ��Melvin, op.cit., p. 6. 71 ��t�s, op.cit., n. 95. 72 M_ills, op.cit. p. 95. 73 BZight, op.cit., P. 12a. 74 Mills, op.cit., pp. 95-96. ��Binder, ap.cit., n. 15. 7 �'" Steamboat Days on the Rivers toreqon Historicai Society� g_ 311. .� ��Brighti, op.cit., p. 120. 78 P3inter, op.cit_, p. 97. � 79 Ihid. °V E. W. wright, Ed., Lewis and Dryden's Ma.rine Historv af the Northwest p. 1$S. gi Addison Bennett far T. H. Dixon, Sunday Oregonian �;ar. 6, 1921. 8 �U. S. P..z�my Corps of Engineers, "Chief of Engineers Repart" 187I. � oa.cit.,a. 97. 84 0zeQOnian, Portland, Oct. 4, 1869. flc "�Wright, op. cit., p. 185. . 86 pps� ura PlaindEaler Jul. 1872. 87��., Jul. 19, 1872. B �Ibid., Aug. 23, 1972. gg Rose�ura Ensicm, �an ZS, 1870, p. 3. . g �Ibid., Feb. 26, 1$70. � Mar. 5, 1870. � g3 b id., Mar. 12, 1870 94 Writings of Claude Tho�pson, Douglas County Historical. Society �`ile G-6Z (b) . 95 Diary af Judge Thomas �nith of Winchester, Douglas County Historical Society Fila G-7(g). 96 Letter from J, H. Dixon to BingEr Hermann, Douglas County �3istorical Society File G-3(q}. g �LiZlie L. Moze Manuscrzpt, Douglas County Historical Society Fi1e G-3Z� PP•I42-443. gB R�seburq Ensign Mar. 5, 187Q. 99 fliaxy of Judge Thomas Smith of Winchester, Daugl.as County Historica3 Saciety Fiie G-7(g}, 100 �a�oration Co�ranission, Articles of Incarnoration, �ierc?�ants and Farmers Navigation Campany, dtd. Anr. 22, Z870. 103 �Walling, oo.cit „ p. 385. � � p. �86. 103 Ibid., p. 385. � lO �Bright, op.citi., p. 120. l ��The P].aindealer, Feb. 1D, 1871. 106 Walling, op.cit., p. 3$5, 107 �bid. ld � '^he PZaindealer Mar. 31, �871. 109�n��r, op.cit., p. 98. lIQ U. S. Army Corps of Engineezs, Res�ort of th� Chief of ES�gineers, 187�, pa. 986, 988-984. � 5. Az�y Corps of Engineers, Report of tne Chie£ of Engineers, "S�eczal Report on the Imnrovement of the gmDaua Rivew, Oregon", Anz. 6, 1872, po. 98$-992. 112 Minter, og.cit., p. 100. 113 I1]ld. , A. 99. 114 aznder, ap.ci�., p. 87. 3 . 3 STbid. 1 ��'Ibid, pp. 35--16. �' and Incidents of Oregon Terri�ory from Fran3c Leslie's 11Zustrated Newsnaper", '�he ih��aua Trapper, {Doug3as County Historical Society? �ol. 5, Na. 3, p 65. � Durbin, "The Gardiner That was", The Um�aua TzaAAer (Doug7,as Co�n�y Historz.cal Society) Vol �, No. 3, pp. 71-72. �� Il op, cit., p. 387. �"� op.cit, p, 157. 121 �id., p. 358. - 122 Ihid...P. Z59. ].23 Ibid. , p. I6Z. 124 zbid., no. �61-I62. 125 L}^�a�., op.cit. 1 � 6 �urbin, op.cit., pn. 71-72. � op.cit., p. 437. 126 Durbin, on.cit.� bp. 65-b8. �' S. Congzess (31st) lst Session, Letter to t�e Secretazy of war, dtd, £eb_ 14, 2890,Hause Document VoI. 47, p. 5. �- C !"nnrsraca fSS�th] �nr3 SACeinn . T.attar tn tha Sarratartr nr' .... ... ....... � ..... i ..�..� �.........�... r �.�...�.�� '� �"� ��..�.�� ..a War dtd Jan. 4, 1904, f3otise flocument Vol. 47, pp. 4-5. 13Z �bid., �a. 4 132U_ S. Army Corps a€ Engir.eers, Chief of Engineers Report for 1899, p- 572. 133� S. Congress (58t�}, 2nd Session, Letter to the Secretary of 4�ar �td. Jec. 31, i902, House Document: Vol 47. 134 �oug�as County Historical Society Records, George B. Abdil�, Cuzator. 135 U. S. Congress (58th}, 2nd Session, F..etter to the Secretazy of S�ar, dtd. �Ian. 1904, va�.. 47, p. 9. 136 Ibid. � Week�y Gazette, Scottsbuzg, May 19, 1854. 138„ Scenes and Incidents of Oregon Territory from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newsnaper", The L'm�aua Trapner, (Douglas County HistnricaZ Society) Val. 5, No. 3, pp. 52-57, 0 3 �Binder, op.czt., p. B3 140�i�., pp. 84-85. 14 � . Ibid. , p. 87. . �42 Alinter, oQ.cit., n. 56. 143 Walling, op. cit., p. 435. J.44 �urbin, op, cit., pp. 65-b7. �- � S. Azmy Corps of Engineezs, Chief of Engineers Renort, lgg7, p. 498. �' Percy and other, Oreaon Estuari�s, 5ea Grant College Progzam, (Oregpn State Uninersity, 1974) p, 232. � 147 148 Ibiti., p. 234. 14g lbid., pp. 234-235. � conversation wi�h George S. Abdi�Z, Curator of the rJo�g�as Caur.ty Museum in March, i976, ietter dt�. Aug. 12, 1976 in Division of State Lands Fi2e #44 {��story}, 1S1 Wal3i,ng, op. cit., p. 435. • �52 Fe�sonaZ conversation with comnany regresentatives of Lhe �Jinpqua I3avigation Company, �976. � .7. Bakken, Lone Rock Free State, p. 110. 154 �id. I551bid. 156 personal conversation with cnmpany representatives of the iJmpqua Navigation Camgany, June 8. �976• 157 Ybid. f BIBLIOGRAPHY ti�• Anplegate, ,7essee, IImDaua �.�sricultuze, 1&S1. Bakken, Lava],a J., Lone Rr�ck Free 5taLe Bancroft, Hubert li., History of Oregon Bell, G. Ed., "Oregon B1c�e Book", 1975 c�mpiled and pttbl�ished by C1ay Myers, Secretary of State. Clark, Down, B].ue, Historv of Oreaon. C�ark, R. C., Historv of Ore on. Drew, Harzy J., Stream �iavzgation GiJ.�, F. S. , Oregon S�zeam I3avigation. Himes, Gearge H„ First News�aners of Sauthern aregon and theix Editors. Historical Soca.ety af Reedsport, Pictoria� Histo of �he LoWer IIm�crua. 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Vol�se IX, No. 1-�r1.Binder, Travel on the Main tlmpqua {cont.) Land County Historian, "River l�rivinc3 in Land County, Vol.ume XVII2, Ho. 2. NEWSPAPERS � R�seburg, News Rev�.ew. 3uly 21., 1950 August 26, 195fl Coos Bay, F3orid, January 14, 1963 Portland, Oregonian, dctober 26, I930 Februazy 10, 1895 Fe�rvary 26, I895 Decemher 15, 189Z March 6, 1921 October 4, 1869 Umnqua Weekly Gazette Reedsgort, Uinnqua Courier, August ].9, J.949 w..r....a. ^�n i ncn nuyu�c. c-t� 17JV December 4 , 1.941 Beaverton, Valley t3ews, December 17, 1954 Rosebuz'g, P1,aindealer, Anril 7, I871 March 25, 1B7a t�arch 31, �.B7i April 7, I871 February 10, i87�, April 15, 1870 March 3, I871 R�se�urg, Ensign, January �5, 1870 February 25, 1870 March 5, 1870 March 12, 1874 AGII3CIES 5tate of Oregon � Azchives - Secretary of 5'tate � Marine Soard i�ighway Division �rparat��n Divisi�n - Dzpa.rtm�nt c�f Co�er�� Department of Fish and Wildlife Degartment af Forestry Department of Water Resources flepart�nent af Geblogy and Minera3 Industries Orecon S�ate Libzary Oregon State University Library Debartment of Revenue Oregon State Histarical Society t Co� Douglas County Historical Society Donglas Courtty Parks Denar��neat Federal Ct. S. Geol.agica3. Survey Q. S. Forast Service U. S. Sureau of Land Manage:nent U. S. Cc�rps of Engin�ers 0 f